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1
Krishnan, G. Hari, B. V. Sai Thrinath, G. Karthikeyan, V. Ravi, and E. Parimalasundar. "Switched Capacitor-Based Bidirectional Power Converter with Enhanced Voltage Boost and Reduced Switching Strain for Electric Vehicle Applications." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 11, no. 4 (2023): 904–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.110404.
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This research work presents an improved design of a bidirectional converter for EVs, specifically focusing on its buck and boost operations. The proposed design incorporates a switched capacitor-based double switch converter, which offers enhanced performance compared to conventional converters. The utilization of switched capacitors reduces voltage stress on switches and improves overall efficiency, making it well-suited for electric vehicle applications. Moreover, the inclusion of synchronous rectification enables zero voltage switching, further enhancing the converter's performance. The effectiveness of the design is verified through MATLAB simulations, demonstrating improved voltage gain and reduced switch stress in both voltage increasing and decreasing modes.
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Jena, Kasinath, Dhananjay Kumar, Kavali Janardhan, et al. "A Novel Three-Phase Switched-Capacitor Five-Level Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Components and Self-Balancing Ability." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (2023): 1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031713.
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This paper proposes a step-up 3-Ф switched-capacitor multilevel inverter topology with minimal switch count and voltage stresses. The proposed topology is designed to provide five distinct output voltage levels from a single isolated dc source, making it suitable for medium and low-voltage applications. Each leg of the proposed topology contains four switches, one power diode, and a capacitor. The switching signals are also generated using a staircase universal modulation method. As a result, the proposed topology will operate at both low and high switching frequencies. To highlight the proposed topology’s advantages, a comparison of three-phase topologies wasperformed in terms of the switching components, voltage stress, component count per level factor, and cost function withthe recent literature. The topology achieved an efficiency of about 96.7% with dynamic loading, and 75% of the switches experienced half of the peak output voltage (VDC), whereas the remaining switches experienced peak output voltage (2VDC) as voltage stress. The MATLAB/Simulink environment was used to simulate the proposed topology, and a laboratory prototype was also built to verify the inverter’s theoretical justifications and real-time performance.
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Wang, Yaoqiang. "A Switched-Capacitor Multilevel Inverter Using Series-Parallel Conversion With Reduced Components." CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications 7, no. 3 (2022): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24295/cpsstpea.2022.00031.
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The switched-capacitor multilevel inverters (SCMLIs) are the popular type of multilevel inverter. This kind of inverter topology uses the on-off states of switches to control the charging and discharging of capacitors to achieve multilevel output. Most SCMLIs make use of an H-bridge structure to change the polarity of the output voltage, which cause the switches to withstand the peak of the output voltage. The H-bridge is replaced by two half-bridges on both sides of the proposed inverters, and the maximum voltage stress (MVS) on switches in half bridge is kept within 2Vdc, as well as in the extended structure. Therefore, the voltage stress of the switches is greatly reduced. In addition, the topology has a modular structure, which makes the expansion and modulation of the topology simple, while achieving a higher voltage gain. Moreover, with the growth of output levels, the MVS of the switches in the topology remains unchanged, which has good practical application scenarios. In this study, the correctness and feasibility of the topology have been verified by experiments.
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Thakre, Kishor, Kanungo Barada Mohanty, Vinaya Sagar Kommukuri, and Aditi Chatterjee. "New Topology for Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverter: An Effort to Reduced Device Count." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 04 (2017): 1850055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661850055x.
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Nowadays, multilevel inverters (MLI) are receiving remarkable attention due to salient features like less voltage stress on switches and low total harmonic distortion (THD) in output voltage. However, the required switch count increases with number of voltage levels. This paper presents a new topology for asymmetric multilevel inverter as a fundamental block. Each block generates 13-level output voltage using eight switches and four unequal dc voltage sources. The proposed configuration offers special features such as reduced number of switches, isolated dc sources, cost economy, less complex and modular structure than other similar contemporary topologies. Moreover, significant reduction in voltage stress on the circuit switches can be achieved. Comparative studies of proposed topology with the conventional and recent topologies have been presented in terms of power switches, gate driver circuit requirement, isolated dc voltage sources and total standing voltage. Multicarrier-based sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) scheme is adopted for generating switching signals using dSPACE real-time controller. In addition, proposed topology offers a fewer number of ON-state switches that lead to reduction in power loss. The proposed topology is validated through simulation and experimental implementation.
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Yuan, Jing, Yongheng Yang, and Frede Blaabjerg. "A Switched Quasi-Z-Source Inverter with Continuous Input Currents." Energies 13, no. 6 (2020): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061390.
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Impedance source converters as single-stage power conversion alternatives can boost and regulate the output voltages of renewable energy sources. Nevertheless, they, also known as Z-source inverters (ZSIs), still suffer from limited voltage gains and higher stresses across the components. To tackle such issues, extra diodes, passive components, and active switches can be utilized in the basic ZSIs. In this paper, a modified switched-quasi-Z-source inverter (S-qZSI) is proposed, which features continuous input currents and high boosting capability to boost output voltage by minor modifications of a prior-art topology. Furthermore, the voltage stress of the active switches is reduced, which contributes to a lower cost. The operation principles are discussed comprehensively. The performance of the proposed ZSI in terms of conversion ratio, voltage gain, and stresses on the power switches and capacitors is benchmarked with selected ZSIs. Finally, simulations and experimental tests substantiate the theoretical analysis and superior performance.
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Liang, Chonggan, Xinran Guo, Hongxing Wang, et al. "A hybrid full-bridge three-level DC-DC converter with crossing auxiliary capacitors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2360, no. 1 (2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2360/1/012026.
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This paper presents a high-power medium-frequency hybrid full-bridge (FB) three-level (TL) DC-DC converter with crossing auxiliary capacitors. In this converter, two auxiliary capacitors are deployed between phases a and b, replacing the flying capacitor. The converter’s three-level leg switches are with low voltage stress, while the two-level leg switches are with high voltage stress. The topology and modulation method, as well as the switching characteristics of the hybrid FBTL DC-DC converter with crossing auxiliary capacitors are described. The feasibility and performance of the above-mentioned converter is validated by a laboratory prototype. Based on the mechanism analysis and experiments, the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-switching loss (ZSL) of power switches, self-balance of the clamped capacitors voltages, and the voltage self-balance of the switches in the three-level leg can be achieved.
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Alotaibi, Saud, Xiandong Ma, and Ahmed Darwish. "Dual Isolated Multilevel Modular Inverter with Novel Switching and Voltage Stress Suppression." Energies 15, no. 14 (2022): 5025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145025.
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This paper presents an improved structure for the submodules (SMs) in the three-phase modular inverter (TPMI) based on a dual isolated SEPIC/CUK (DISC) converter for large-scale photovoltaic (LSPV) plants. The DISC SMs can offer several advantages, including increased efficiency, reduced passive elements, and galvanic isolation via compact-size high-frequency transformers. The SMs can also provide a wide range for the output voltage and draw continuous currents with low ripples from the input source. However, the high dv/dt value across the switches during hard switching can cause current oscillations and voltage spikes, which will impair the operation of complementary switches and affect the safety of the power devices. For this challenge, the DISC SM is improved by replacing the output switches with diodes and adding a bypassing switch. In comparison to the conventional DISC SM, the improved DISC SM reduces the switch’s voltage spikes; hence, it can increase the overall efficiency. Thus, the DISC SM’s will be able to suppress voltage spikes in the TPMI inverter and therefore the total reliability will be improved. The work will detail the analysis of the proposed system along with design guidelines. Additionally, the simulation and experimental results to validate the operation of proposed DISC SM are presented using MATLAB/SIMULINK as well as a scaled-down experimental prototype.
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Yaseen, Muhammad, Ajmal Farooq, Muhammad Zeeshan Malik, Muhammad Usman, Ghulam Hafeez, and Muhammad Ali. "Design of a High Step-Up DC-DC Converter with Voltage Doubler and Tripler Circuits for Photovoltaic Systems." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (September 21, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8993598.
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In this paper, a high step-up DC-DC interleaved boost converter is proposed for renewable sources with low voltages such as photovoltaic module and fuel cell. The proposed converter uses interleaving method with an additional voltage doubler and tripler circuit. In the proposed converter, the inductor at all phases is operated to gain high voltage through voltage doubler and tripler circuit capacitors with suitable duty cycle. The proposed topology operates in six switching states in one period. The steady-state analysis and operating principle are examined comprehensively which shows numerous improvements over the traditional boost converter. These improvements are high-voltage gain and low-voltage stress across switches. The proposed DC-DC interleaved boost converter has a gain/conversion ratio four times that of the conventional interleaved boost converter and four times less-voltage stress across the main switches. Simulation has been done in Matlab Simulink on a 70% duty cycle, and results are compared with conventional interleaved boost converter. For an input voltage of 15 volts, the proposed converter is able to generate an output voltage of 200 volts at 70% duty cycle with a voltage stress of 50 volts across main switches, whereas traditional interleaved boost converter generates 200 volts from same input voltage at 92.5% duty cycle with voltage stress of 200 volts across switches. From simulation results, it is clear that the proposed converter has better performance as compared to conventional interleaved boost converter for same design parameters.
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Odeh, Charles, Arkadiusz Lewicki, Marcin Morawiec, and Andrzej Jąderko. "Enhanced Four-Level Active Nested Neutral Point-Clamped Inverter." Energies 17, no. 13 (2024): 3213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17133213.
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The classical four-level nested neutral point-clamped (4L NNPC) inverter-leg is a hybrid of the flying-capacitor and diode-clamped 4L-inverter-leg configurations. Though uniform reduced voltage stress (1/3 of input voltage) on constituting switches is evident in the 4L NNPC inverter-leg, trails of the drawbacks of the diode-clamping concept still exist. With the significantly rated off-the-shelf IGBT switch modules (6.5 kV, 1200 A), chances of deployment of the newly evolved Four-Level Nested T-Type inverter (4L NTTI) in certain applications is high. Compared with the classical 4L NNPC inverter, 4L NTTI involves a smaller number of power switches and low conduction losses. However, in 4L NTTI, two of the six active switches have a blocking voltage rating of 2/3 of the input voltage. Considering this limiting topological feature in 4L NTTI, a six-switch inverter-leg for the four-level active neutral point-clamped (4L ANNPC) inverter is presented in this paper. In the proposed 4L ANNPC inverter-leg, only one switch has a voltage stress of 2/3 of the input voltage. This ameliorated voltage stress translates to low-cost and -loss inverter implementation. The operational characteristics and competitiveness of the 4L ANNPC inverter are analyzed in detail and demonstrated with a prototype.
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Lim, Jeong-Woo, and Chong-Eun Kim. "Drain-Source Voltage-Controllable Three-Switch Active-Clamp Forward Converter for Wide Input/Output Voltage Applications." Micromachines 14, no. 1 (2022): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010035.
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Active-clamp forward converters are applied to various medium-capacity power systems because they have a relatively simple structure and are capable of zero-voltage switching. In particular, there is the advantage that a stable output voltage can be obtained by controlling the duty ratio of the power semiconductor switch even in applications with wide input and output voltage ranges. However, the voltage stress on the power semiconductor switches due to the application of active clamp is higher than the input voltage, especially as the duty ratio increases. A three-switch active-clamp forward converter is proposed, which can overcome such shortcomings and can reduce the voltage stress of the power semiconductor switches, but it causes an increase in the DC bias of the magnetizing current and the additional conduction and switching losses. Therefore, in this paper, a voltage-stress-controllable three-switch active-clamp forward converter that can utilize both advantages of the conventional active-clamp forward converter and three-switch active clamp forward converter is proposed and verified through a prototype for 800 W battery charger.
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Vivek, Kema. "A High Power Density Converter with a Continuous Input Current Waveform for Satellite Power Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 4523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35978.
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Conventional Active Clamp-Forward topology is studied for a satellite converter owing to its comparitively simple structure, minimum number of components and fine clamping capability concerning its switch voltage stress. However, it has a high switch voltage stress,a high di/dt level and has pulsating input current shape. These are disadvantageous with respect to the EMI filter size and high input voltage converter applications.To get the better of these drawbacks, a new ACF topology with a continuous input current waveform is proposed . By this proposed waveform ,the voltage stresses on the main switches are relieved. This is crucial reliability of satelite FET switches, by utilizing a two series connected structure. These conditions will allow the proposed converter to serve as a high input voltage, high power density satellite converter.
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Krishnaveni, Akkela, and Rajender Boini. "A single switch high gain multilevel boost converter with switched inductor topology for photovoltaic applications." SciEnggJ 17, Supplement2024 (2024): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54645/202417supdwr-69.
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This paper proposes a new transformer-less single-switch high-gain dc-dc converter for solar power systems. The suggested converter is created by supplementing the conventional boost converter with a switched inductor cell plus a voltage multiplier stage. The converter has several benefits, including a high voltage conversion ratio, reduced voltage stress on semiconducting switches and diodes, a reduction in the need for gate drivers because only one switch is used, as well as constant input current to prolong the lifespan of the photovoltaic cell. The analytical waveforms of the recommended converter can be seen in the continuous conduction mode (CCM). The analysis of voltage stress is done. In the presence of parasitic components, increased voltage gain and efficiency were also obtained.The proposed high-gain converter topology is compared to recently published high-gain converter topologies in terms of performance. Using PSIM, a high-gain dc-dc converter's performance is studied and analysed with regard to its low switching voltage stress. The suggested converter is successful in stepping up 20V to 400V at 160W power capacity, while offering a continuous input source current at 95% efficiency.
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M Venkata Narayana, K Sarat Kumar, S. Girish Gandhi, I. Govardhani,. "Performance Comparison Of Shunt Rf Mems Switches." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 5 (2021): 596–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i5.1058.
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This is an attempt to compare three different shunt configured RF MEMS switches which offers a choice for applications in satellite and antennas. Advanced RF communication domain demands for design and modeling of RF MEMS switch which provides extremely reduced pull-in voltage, better isolation, low insertion loss, and with greater reliability. The proposed work manages with comparison of design modeling and performance of three different shunt configured RF MEMS switches. The proposed shunt configured RF MEMS switches are designed with different dimensions with different meandering techniques with perforations on beam structure helps in reducing the amount of voltage required for actuation of switch which is known as pull-in voltage. Comparative study of three different RF MEMS switches which involves in conducting electromechanical analysis are carried out using COMSOL multi physics tool and electromagnetic analysis are carried out using HFSS tool. Moreover the comparative study involves in comparing the values of pull-in voltage, switching time and capacitance, stress, insertion loss, return loss and isolation of three different RF MEMS switches. Proposed first switch model derives pull-in voltage of 16.9v with the switching time of 1.2µs, isolation of 47.70 dB at 5GHz and insertion loss of 0.0865 dB and return loss of 41.55 dB. Proposed second switch model derives pull-in voltage of 18.5v with the switching time of 2.5µs, isolation of 37.20 dB at 8GHz and insertion loss of 0.1177 dB and return loss of 38.60 dB. Proposed third switch model delivers pull-in voltage of 18.75v with the switching time of 2.56µs, isolation of 44.1552 dB at 8GHz and insertion loss of 0.0985 dB and return loss of 42.1004 dB.
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Sreelakshmi, Sanka, Machineni Sanjeevappa Sujatha, Jammy Ramesh Rahul, and Tole Sutikno. "Reduced switched seven level multilevel inverter by modified carrier for high voltage industrial applications." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 2 (2023): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i2.pp872-881.
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<p>Multilevel inverters are widely used in high-power and high-voltage applications due to their lower total harmonic distortion (THD), decreased switching stress on their switches, and other benefits. However, increasing the number of steps results in a drop in THD, which results in a larger size. As a result, a new 7-level reduced switched cascaded multilevel inverter (CMLI) has been designed for the current project. This architecture employs seven switches and seven levels of MLI to achieve the same output as a conservative multilevel inverter (MLI). To generate gate pulses for the switches, conventional and modified carriers were employed, and a third harmonic component was added into the sine wave to increase the fundamental output voltage. Finally, MATLAB or simulation is utilized to test the results of this task's design. According to the analysis, the proposed design may reduce harmonic distortion and improve the fundamental voltage component with fewer switches.</p>
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Sanka, Sreelakshmi, Sanjeevappa Sujatha Machineni, Ramesh Rahul Jammy, and Sutikno Tole. "Reduced switched seven level multilevel inverter by modified carrier for high voltage industrial applications." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems 14, no. 02 (2023): 872~881. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i2.pp872-881.
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Multilevel inverters are widely used in high-power and high-voltage applications due to their lower total harmonic distortion (THD), decreased switching stress on their switches, and other benefits. However, increasing the number of steps results in a drop in THD, which results in a larger size. As a result, a new 7-level reduced switched cascaded multilevel inverter (CMLI) has been designed for the current project. This architecture employs seven switches and seven levels of MLI to achieve the same output as a conservative multilevel inverter (MLI). To generate gate pulses for the switches, conventional and modified carriers were employed, and a third harmonic component was added into the sine wave to increase the fundamental output voltage. Finally, MATLAB or simulation is utilized to test the results of this task's design. According to the analysis, the proposed design may reduce harmonic distortion and improve the fundamental voltage component with fewer switches.
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Moghbeli, Mohammadamin, Shahab Mehraeen, and Sudipta Sen. "Application of Surge Arrester in Limiting Voltage Stress at Direct Current Breaker." Applied Sciences 14, no. 18 (2024): 8319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14188319.
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Hybrid DC circuit breakers combine mechanical switches with a redirecting current path, typically controlled by power electronic devices, to prevent arcing during switch contact separation. The authors’ past work includes a bipolar hybrid DC circuit breaker that effectively redirects the fault current and returns it to the source. This reduces arcing between the mechanical breaker’s contacts and prevents large voltage overshoots across them. However, the breaker’s performance declines as the upstream line inductance increases, causing overvoltage. This work introduces a modification to the originally proposed hybrid DC breaker to make it suitable to use anywhere along DC grid lines. By using a switch-controlled surge arrester in parallel with the DC breaker, part of the arc energy is dissipated in the surge arrester, preventing an overvoltage across the mechanical switches. Based on the experimental results, the proposed method can effectively interrupt the fault current with minimal arcing and reduce the voltage stress across the mechanical switches. To address practical fault currents, tests at high fault currents (900 A) and voltage levels (500 V) are conducted and compared with simulation models and analytical studies. Furthermore, the application of the breaker for the protection of DC distribution grids is illustrated through simulations, and the procedure for designing the breaker components is explained.
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Tran, Vinh-Thanh, Duc-Tri Do, Van-Dung Do, and Minh-Khai Nguyen. "A Three-Level DC-Link Quasi-Switch Boost T-Type Inverter with Voltage Stress Reduction." Energies 13, no. 14 (2020): 3727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143727.
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In recent years, the three-level T-Type inverter has been considered the best choice for many low and medium power applications. Nevertheless, this topology is known as a buck converter. Therefore, in this paper, a new topology incorporating the dc-link type quasi-switched boost network with the traditional three-level T-type inverter is proposed to overcome the limit of traditional three-level T-Type inverter. The space vector pulse width modulation scheme is considered to control this topology, which provides some benefits such as enhancing modulation index and reducing the magnitude of common-mode voltage. For this scheme, the zero, medium, and large vectors are utilized to generate the output voltage. The shoot-through state which is adopted by turning on all power switches of inverter leg is inserted into zero vector to boost the dc-link voltage. As a result, there is no distortion at the output waveform. The control signal of intermediate network power switches is also detailed to improve the boost factor and voltage gain. As a result, the voltage stress on power devices like capacitors, diodes, and switches is decreased significantly. To demonstrate the outstanding of proposed structure and its control strategy, some comparisons between the proposed method and other ones are performed. Simulation and experimental prototype results are conducted to verify the accuracy of the theory and effectiveness of the inverter.
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Ramaprabha, R., G. Ramya, U. Ashwini, and A. H. Fathima Humaira. "Realization of a Photovoltaic Fed Sparse Alternating Current (AC)-Link Inverter." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 13, no. 2 (2016): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol13iss2pp149-159.
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In this paper, a soft-switched alternating current (AC)-link buck-boost inverter with a reduced number of switches, referred to as a sparse AC-link buck-boost inverter, was designed and implemented for a photovoltaic (PV) interface. Important features of the sparse configuration included a lower number of switches, lower failure rates, compactness, and cost-effectiveness. The link was composed of a low reactive rating series inductor/capacitor pair. Significant merits of the AC-link buck-boost inverter are a zero voltage turn on and a soft turn off of the switches, resulting in minimum voltage stress on the switches and negligible switching losses. In this paper, 10 switches were used instead of 20 switches as are used in existing buck-boost inverter topology. The reduction in the number of switches did not change the principle of operation of the sparse configuration; hence, it remains the same as that of the original configuration. The pulse width modulation (PWM) technique was used for gating the switches. The inverter operation was validated and implemented for PV interface using a microcontroller.
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Manivel, Murugesan, and Lakshmi Kaliappan. "Analysis and Implementation of Switched Capacitor-based Multi-Level Inverter for Electric Vehicles Applications." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 29, no. 1 (2023): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.33053.
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Significant interest has been shown in switched capacitor (SC)-based multi-level inverters (MLIs), which decrease the need for a DC supply and enhance power quality. The common issues with SC-MLIs include an uneven distribution of conducting paths, increased voltage drop across capacitors, the sum of all inverter DC link voltages across the highest voltage rated switches, and a higher total standing voltage (TSV). The purpose of this paper is to create a SC-MLI with less components in order to maintain a constant voltage across the capacitors, to obtain higher voltage gain with fewer parts, fewer conducting routes, lower TSV, and to create a more affordable and effective inverter. The structure of the MLI is created by a cascade interconnection between the number of SC cells. A single input multiple output (SIMO) converter boosts the DC-link voltage over the stable DC voltage of the solar panels using a modified perturb and observe (P&O) method. Additionally, fewer switches in the conduction path and 50 % of the switches operating at normal frequency guarantee a decrease in an overall loss of power in the proposed network. The benefits of the recommended MLI are made clear by comparing them with 17-level MLIs in terms of the number of elements, stress, gain, and cost factor. Detailed experimental results are shown under various transient conditions to show that the 17-level prototype is operationally viable. The total harmonic distortion (THD) is found to be identical and is less than 5 %, which meets IEEE standards.
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Algburi, Ali Qasim Hussein, and P. V. Ramana Rao. "A simplified PWM technique for PV fed Five-Level Five switch Multilevel Inverter." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.24 (2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.24.21761.
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Bulk electrical power generation is generated using fossil fuels which emit huge pollution which is a global constraint today. Non-conventional sources of energy are the alternative energy sources for power generation. Non-conventional sources like PV (photo-voltaic) system are used as power source now-a-days. Multi-level inverters (MLI) are dominating inverter circuits giving out voltage with less distortion eventually reducing voltage stress on switches and size of filter. This paper presents a MLI structure with five switches giving out five-level output from the inverter. PV system is used as source and boost converter amplifies the PV output voltage to desired value. The paper presents a simplified PWM (pulse width modulation) technique for PV fed five switch five-level inverter. The proposed system is developed and results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Results are presented for the system considering R-load and RL-load conditions.
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Shaji, Liju, and Praveen Bansal. "A Novel 9-Level Switched Capacitor Inverter Using Different Carrier Based PWM Techniques." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 6 (2020): 1200–1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jun1076.
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In this paper, a new 9-level inverter employing switched capacitor technique is proposed. Three bidirectional voltage blocking switches are employed to connect the four H-bridges and to incorporate the three switched capacitors. The proposed multilevel inverter (MLI) circuit outputs a 9-level waveform with a maximum boosting factor of four. Unlike the already established switched capacitor based MLI consisting of two stages the proposed MLI is single stage inverter. The switches in the proposed MLI is subjected to a low value of voltage stress equal to Vdc. The proposed MLI is further analyzed by using various multicarrier sinusoidal PWM technique such as Phase Shift PWM (PSPWM), Phase disposition PWM (PDPWM), Phase Opposition Disposition PWM (PODPWM), Alternate Phase Opposition Disposition PWM (APODPWM) and Variable Frequency PWM (VFPWM).
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Fares, Oday Saad, and Jasim Farhood Hussen. "High gain multiphase boost converter based-on capacitor clamping structure." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 2 (2021): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i2.pp689-696.
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<p>In the last few years, the non-isolated dc converters involving high voltage gain with adequate performance are becoming quite popular in industrial applications. This is resulting in high voltage and current stress on the power device (switches and diodes), as well as a limited output voltage with a high duty cycle. This paper proposes a multi-phase non-isolated boost converter that uses capacitor clamping to increase output voltage while reducing stress across the power device. There are two stages in the proposed converter (first stage is three inductors and three switches and the second stage is clamper circuit of three capacitors and three diodes). The proposed converter is high voltage gain, with low voltage stress through switches transistors. To justify the theoretical analysis, the concept was validated through mathematical analysis and by simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results carried out the results permit the converter behavior and performance to be accurately.</p>
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Fares, Oday Saad, and Jasim Farhood Hussein. "High gain multiphase boost converter based-on capacitor clamping structure." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 2 (2021): 689–96. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i2.pp689-696.
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In the last few years, the non-isolated dc converters involving high voltage gain with adequate performance are becoming quite popular in industrial applications. This is resulting in high voltage and current stress on the power device (switches and diodes), as well as a limited output voltage with a high duty cycle. This paper proposes a multi-phase non-isolated boost converter that uses capacitor clamping to increase output voltage while reducing stress across the power device. There are two stages in the proposed converter (first stage is three inductors and three switches and the second stage is clamper circuit of three capacitors and three diodes). The proposed converter is high voltage gain, with low voltage stress through switches transistors. To justify the theoretical analysis, the concept was validated through mathematical analysis and by simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results carried out the results permit the converter behavior and performance to be accurately.
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Kim, Ki-Mok. "Three-Level Double LLC Resonant Converter with Ripple-Free Input Current for DC Microgrid Application." Electronics 13, no. 21 (2024): 4299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13214299.
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DC distribution systems have garnered interest in recent years due to their advantages over AC distribution systems, such as their high power conversion efficiency and lack of harmonic issues. An isolated DC-DC converter with low-input noise, high efficiency, and high-power density is required for DC microgrids within DC distribution systems. Although existing DC to DC converters have high efficiency and high power density, they still have input noise problems due to pulsating input currents. Thus, a large input filter should be inserted, which increases the cost and degrades the power density. In this study, a novel three-level double LLC resonant converter with zero-input-current ripple is presented for DC microgrid application with a high-voltage DC bus. The input-current ripple of the proposed converter theoretically decreases to zero without adding large input filters. Moreover, the voltage stress on each main switch is only half of the input voltage when using the modified three-level structure, which enables the use of low-voltage-rated power switches for high-voltage input applications. In addition, all the primary switches and secondary diodes are softly switched over a wide input voltage range. The experimental results of the prototype are presented to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
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G. Malathi, K. Vijayan, Vijayaprajesh K, K. Sathish Kuma R, A. Antony David, M. Sangeetha, M. Subashree,. "Cutting-Edge Triple-Port Soft-Switching Converter for Seamless Renewable Energy Integration." Power System Technology 48, no. 1 (2024): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/pst.296.
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Three-port converters with high voltage gain are desirable solutions for integrating renewable energy and energy storage devices into high voltage dc bus. A high gain three-port converter with soft switching is proposed in this paper, which can realize zero voltage switching (ZVS) for all switches and zero current switching (ZCS) for all diodes in various operating modes. Single coupled inductor is used to achieve high voltage gain and to reduce the voltage stress of switches so that switches with low on-resistance can be selected to reduce the conduction loss. In addition, the advantages of fewer components, higher voltage gain, and very low switch voltage stresses make the proposed converter more suitable for application in renewable energy systems than similar solutions. Various operating modes, performance analysis, design considerations, efficiency analysis, and control method of the proposed converter are discussed. A laboratory prototype with 30V renewable energy source, 48V energy storage device and 400V output is designed to verify the performance of the proposed three-port converter.
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Yi, Chun Yang, Tian Fa Liao, Qian Jin Ma, Chang Wen Dong, and Jia Xiang Xue. "Application of Dual Switch Flyback Converter in Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverter." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 1759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1759.
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Auxiliary power of Three-phase photovoltaic inverter is supplied by solar cells with wide input ranging from 140V to 1000V.The conventional single-switch flyback converter exists too high voltage stress in power switch to be applied in this inverter. This paper presents a dual-switch flyback converter in which the voltage stress of each switch is slightly higher than the input voltage when switches turn off, at the same time , the leakage inductance energy is recycled back into the inputside; otherwise, this topology needs no snubber circuit, so it is much more efficient than single switch flyback. The dual switch flyback converter with seven outputs is successfully applied in 10KW three phase PV inverter.
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Wang, Kang, Zhaoer Chai, Yutang Pan, et al. "Stress Suppression Design for Radiofrequency Microelectromechanical System Switch Based on a Flexible Substrate." Materials 17, no. 16 (2024): 4068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17164068.
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A novel stress suppression design for flexible RF MEMS switches has been presented and demonstrated through theoretical and experimental research to isolate the stress caused by substrate bending. An RF MEMS switch with an S-shaped microspring structure was fabricated by the two-step etching process as a developmental step toward miniaturization and high reliability. The RF MEMS switches with an S-shaped microspring exhibited superior microwave performance and stable driving voltage under different substrate curvatures compared to the conventional non-microspring switches, demonstrating that the bending stress is successfully suppressed by the S-shaped microspring and the island structure. Furthermore, this innovative design could be easily extended to other flexible devices.
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V., Saravanan, Sabitha M., Bindu V., K. M. Venkatachalam, and Arumugam M. "Single switch Z-source/quasi Z-source DC-DC converters." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering 10, no. 1 (2021): 68~79. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v10.i1.pp68-79.
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This paper analyzes a family of high step up single switch switched capacitor boost converters and Z-source/quasi Z-source dc-dc converters to provide high output dc voltage gain with single stage conversion having low voltage stress on active switches, capacitors, and diodes. The operating principles, parameters design guideline of these converters are presented along with simulation results. The discussed topologies in this paper are aimed to increase the conversion system reliability and efficiency with decreased cost, volume, and weight. These power converter topologies are used for various applications such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind energy conversion, fuel cells, uninterruptible power systems, motor drives, energy storage systems, electric vehicle and power factor correction. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
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Wang, Xin, Zishuo Li, Zhen Lin, and Fanyi Meng. "A New Type of DC-DC Buck Converter with Soft Start Function and Reduced Voltage Stress." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 15, no. 2 (2025): 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea15020029.
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This paper introduces a novel topology called the dual-path step-down converter with auxiliary switches to minimize voltage stress and enable wide voltage conversion ranges. The proposed dual-path step-down converter with auxiliary switches, which uses an inductor and flying capacitor as power conversion components, helps to reduce the voltage stress on the power switches. By adding auxiliary switches, the proposed topology achieves the same voltage conversion ratio range as that of a conventional buck converter. Additionally, soft-start technology is incorporated to reduce the initial inrush current. Furthermore, this paper introduces a system-level design procedure for DC-DC converters. Designed for low-power applications with lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, the proposed converter steps down the battery voltage to 1.2 V. With a 380 nH inductor and a 5 µF output capacitor, the converter attains a peak efficiency of 90% under the conditions of 2.7 V to 1.2 V conversion.
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Javaheri Fard, Hamed, and Seyed Mohammad Sadeghzadeh. "A High Gain DC-DC Converter Based on Coupled Inductor and Switched-Capacitor Cell with Low-Voltage Stress." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2022 (May 25, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9323182.
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This paper presents a nonisolated ultrahigh step-up DC-DC converter with an interleaved structure that is suitable for high power and voltage applications. In order to increase the voltage gain, the proposed structure uses coupled inductors and switched-capacitor cells. Achieving this goal is accompanied by avoiding the imposition of any extreme duty cycle or high turns ratio to the converter. The current ripple is reduced due to the use of the interleaved structure. Since the voltage stress of the switches is lower than the output voltage, by selecting the low-voltage rated switches and small RDS(on), the conduction losses are reduced. In addition, alleviating the phenomenon of reverse recovery of diodes and creating soft-switching conditions in MOSFETs, which leads to a reduction of switching losses, are other advantages of the proposed converter. Therefore, there is no need to use clamp circuits in the mentioned structure. The experimental results, using a prototype of 350 W-18 V/400 V, verify the effective performance of the proposed converter.
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Palanisamy, R., V. Sinmayee, K. Selvakumar, and K. Vijayakumar. "Multicarrier-SPWM Based Novel 7-Level Inverter Topology with Photovoltaic System." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 2 (2017): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i2.pp826-834.
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<p>In this paper a novel 5 switch seven level DC-AC inverter is being proposed. The proposed multilevel inverter uses reduced number of switches as compared to the switches used in the conventional multilevel inverter. The inverter has been designed to generate a 7 level AC output using 5 switches. The voltage stress on each of the switches as well as the switching losses is found to be less, minimized common mode voltage (CMV) level and reduced total harmonic distortion. The proposed 7-level inverter topology has four dc sources, which is energized through the PV system. Proposed inverter is controlled with help of multicarrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation (MCSPWM).The simulation and hardware results were verified using matlab simulink and dspic microcontroller respectively.</p>
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Chavoshipour Heris, Pedram, Zahra Saadatizadeh, Mehran Sabahi, and Ebrahim Babaei. "A new switched‐capacitor/switched‐inductor–based converter with high voltage gain and low voltage stress on switches." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 47, no. 4 (2019): 591–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.2606.
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Ahmad, Javed, Mohammad Zaid, Adil Sarwar, et al. "A New High-Gain DC-DC Converter with Continuous Input Current for DC Microgrid Applications." Energies 14, no. 9 (2021): 2629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092629.
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The growth of renewable energy in the last two decades has led to the development of new power electronic converters. The DC microgrid can operate in standalone mode, or it can be grid-connected. A DC microgrid consists of various distributed generation (DG) units like solar PV arrays, fuel cells, ultracapacitors, and microturbines. The DC-DC converter plays an important role in boosting the output voltage in DC microgrids. DC-DC converters are needed to boost the output voltage so that a common voltage from different sources is available at the DC link. A conventional boost converter (CBC) suffers from the problem of limited voltage gain, and the stress across the switch is usually equal to the output voltage. The output from DG sources is low and requires high-gain boost converters to enhance the output voltage. In this paper, a new high-gain DC-DC converter with quadratic voltage gain and reduced voltage stress across switching devices was proposed. The proposed converter was an improvement over the CBC and quadratic boost converter (QBC). The converter utilized only two switched inductors, two capacitors, and two switches to achieve the gain. The converter was compared with other recently developed topologies in terms of stress, the number of passive components, and voltage stress across switching devices. The loss analysis also was done using the Piecewise Linear Electrical Circuit Simulation (PLCES). The experimental and theoretical analyses closely agreed with each other.
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Memon, Rabail, Mukhtiar Ahmed Mahar, Abdul Sattar Larik, and Syed Asif Ali Shah. "Design and Performance Analysis of New Multilevel Inverter for PV System." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (2023): 10629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310629.
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Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have recently attracted more attention in medium-voltage and high-power applications as they can provide an effective interface with photovoltaic (PV) systems. Conventional MLIs are used to generate higher voltage levels, which improve power quality and reduce the requirement for passive filters. However, recent research has focused on designing new MLI topologies using reduced switch counts and less voltage stress. This study, as such, proposes a new nine-level symmetric MLI for PV systems with a minimum number of switches. This decrease in the number of switches reduces the voltage stress across the switches and the number of driving circuits, which lowers the complexity of the control circuit and, as a result, lowers the cost and size of the system. This article compares the proposed MLI with other topologies based on the DC sources, switches count, gate driver circuits (Ngd), total standing voltage per unit (TSVPU), cost function (CF), and components count per level (CC/L). The proposed topology is integrated with the PV system. MATLAB software is used to evaluate the performance of MLI at step change in irradiance and under variable load conditions. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the proposed topology is reduced with the implementation of phase disposition pulse width modulation (PD-PWM). In addition, PD-PWM is compared with phase opposition disposition pulse width modulation (POD-PWM) and alternative phase opposition disposition pulse width (APOD-PWM) modulation techniques. The simulation results reveal the improved performance of the proposed topology at variable irradiance and under varying load conditions. The comparison results reveal minimum (TSVPU), CC/L, CF, and switch count compared to existing topologies. Hence, the proposed topology of MLI is cost-effective and superior in all aspects compared to other topologies. In summary, it offers overall improved performance, and thus, it is feasible for the PV system.
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Das, Madan Kumar, Akanksha Sinha, and Kartick Chandra Jana. "A Novel Asymmetrical Reduced Switch Nine-Level Inverter." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 08 (2019): 2050117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620501170.
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A novel asymmetrical nine-level inverter topology using only six switches along with its generalized structure are presented in this paper. The proposed reduced switch multilevel inverter topology makes use of a lower total standing voltage for a required output voltage as compared to the existing ones. One of the major advantages of the proposed multilevel inverter over other existing topologies is that, the circuit can be extended to a higher-level inverter, by cascading a few proposed inverter modules and can also be extended to the three-phase structure very easily, thereby making the inverter structure simple. In addition to this, the proposed inverter module does not require any additional H-bridge circuit to obtain the negative voltage levels for AC voltage, resulting in reduced voltage stress on the switches. This paper also incorporates an effective technique to determine the total standing voltage as well as the switching and conduction losses of the inverter. The MATLAB/Simulink based proposed nine-level as well as an 81-level inverters are modeled and the simulation results are presented. An experimental prototype of nine-level inverter using six switches is developed and tested to validate the simulation results.
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Mugundhan S and Arounassalame M. "Control Of High Gain Converter." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (2025): 133–40. https://doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst2512315.
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Nowadays, because of pollution problems of the conventional energy resources and their unpleasant effects on the earth planet and people life, renewable resources such as photovoltaic(PV) cells and fuel cells are considered to produce electrical energy. These sources directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. Since, the output voltage of PV cells is low; a high gain boost DC-DC converter is needed to increase the low voltage so as to produce high dc output voltage. In this work, a unique high boost DC-DC converter is considered. This converter has higher voltage gain compared to the conventional boost converters. For conventional boost converter, in order to obtain high voltage gain, the extreme duty ratio of its switch is required, which increases the input current ripple greatly. Meanwhile, the power component suffers high voltage stress and work in hard switching condition, bringing about serious conducting losses and reduces the conversion efficiency. The converter used in the present study has network of switched inductor and switched capacitor and can achieve high voltage gain under appropriate duty cycle. Meanwhile, the active switches and diodes suffer from low voltage stress. In this paper, a control scheme is proposed for this non-isolated high step-up dc-dc converter. A closed loop scheme is developed using PI controller. The circuit simulation is done using MATLAB/Simulink. The performance of the high gain converter with PI controller is analyzed and the results are presented.
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Alsaleem, Abdulhakeem, Faleh Alsakran, and Marcelo Godoy Simões. "An Isolated High Voltage Boost Current-Fed DC–DC Converter Based on 1:1 Transformer Multiplier Cells and ZVS Operation." Electronics 9, no. 1 (2020): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010102.
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This paper presents a high step up, current fed, interleaved, isolated DC–DC converter with voltage multipliers and ZVS (zero voltage switching). The converter provides zero voltage switching for all active switches and provides a high step up voltage gain that is suitable for very low voltage source applications, such as PV and other renewable sources. In addition, this converter allows the utilization of very low voltage stress switches and diodes. It reduces the current stress by interleaving the input current, and reduces the voltage stress by utilizing a half bridge based multiplier cell integrated configuration at the output voltage while providing high frequency galvanic isolation. The isolation is achieved through the use of 1:1 transformers which are easier to design, and the need for a high turns ratio is absent in this converter. The main theory of operation and the design guideline are presented, as is a laboratory prototype, all to validate the concept.
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Moradisizkoohi, Hadi, Nour Elsayad, and Osama Mohammed. "A Soft-Switched DC/DC Converter Using Integrated Dual Half-Bridge with High Voltage Gain and Low Voltage Stress for DC Microgrid Applications." Inventions 3, no. 3 (2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions3030063.
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In this paper, a soft-switched boost converter including an integrated dual half-bridge circuit with high voltage gain and continuous input current is introduced that can be suitable for the applications requiring a wide voltage gain range, such as for the front-end of the inverter in a DC microgrid to integrate renewable energy sources (RES). In the proposed converter, two half-bridge converters are connected in series at the output stage to enhance the voltage gain. Additionally, the balanced voltage multiplier stage is employed at the output to increase the voltage conversion ratio, as well as distribute the voltage stress across semiconductors; hence, switches with smaller on-resistance RDS(on) can be adopted resulting in an improvement in the efficiency. The converter takes advantage of the clamp circuit not only to confine the voltage stress of switches, but also to achieve the soft-switching, which leads to a reduction in the switching loss as well as the cost. The mentioned features make the proposed converter a proper choice for interfacing RES to the DC-link bus of the inverter. The operation modes, steady-state analysis, and design consideration of the proposed topology have been demonstrated in the paper. A 1-kW laboratory prototype was built using gallium nitride (GaN) transistors and silicon carbide (SiC) diodes to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed topology.
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Swarnakasu, Katam, and Katam Vamsadhara. "Modelling and Simulation of Crisscross Switched Multilevel Inverter Using Cascaded Semi-Half-Bridge Cells." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 008 (2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37321.
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A new cascaded multilevel inverter (MLI) is presented. This MLI aims to use a lesser number of switches, achieve better modularity, and reduce voltage stress. The new structure can operate in symmetric and asymmetric modes, producing all odd and even voltage levels. It comprises semi-half-bridge cells connected in series with crisscross switches to generate target voltage levels for synthesizing the sinusoidal output waveform. An extended version of the proposed MLI topology cascades sub-inverters to generate more voltage levels with reduced standing voltage. Compared to the cascading H-bridge topology, the proposed MLI and its extended version use fewer semiconductor switches. The MATLAB R2013b-based simulation results, confirm the efficacy of the proposed MLI topology.
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Rajeshwari, M., and E. Mageswari. "Implementation of a Novel DC-AC Single Phase Resonant Inverter Using Soft Switching Boost Converter." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2014): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2014.3.2.1928.
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In this paper, a novel DC-AC single phase inverter is proposed .when the switches are turned on and off, a conventional inverter generates switching loss because of the hard switching .thus the inverter losses increased. proposed system contains auxiliary circuit. the converter stage switches perform soft-switching because of the auxiliary circuit. Also inverter stage switches perform ZVS when the DC like voltage is zero. Therefore all the switching when the switches is turned on and off. Thus the proposed system reducing switching loss and voltage stress.
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Stala, Robert, Maciej Chojowski, Zbigniew Waradzyn, et al. "High-Gain Switched-Capacitor DC-DC Converter With Low Count of Switches and Low Voltage Stress of Switches." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 114267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3104399.
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Deng, Jufeng, Dian Song, and Shijie Su. "Highly Sensitive Inertial Micro-Switch for Achieving Adjustable Multi-Threshold Acceleration." Actuators 12, no. 2 (2023): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12020053.
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An inertial micro-switch with multi-threshold acceleration detection capability has been proposed, taking advantage of electromechanical coupling behavior. A mathematical model of electromechanical coupling behavior was established to display the dependence of highly sensitivity on pull-in characteristic and show the ability to detect threshold acceleration by controlling the voltage applied to the inertial micro-switch. The capability of sensitivity and detection that was described in mathematical model was implemented to occur at the inertial switch and showed agreement with that of a simulation. Inertia switches that were comprised of various microstructures with dimensions ranging 3.5 µm from 180 µm were manufactured by means of the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) manufacturing process, and their functions were evaluated by a dropping system. The control method related to the manufacturing of inertial switches was obtained by analyzing the effect of the structural parameters of the inertial switch on threshold voltage and threshold acceleration, resulting in a relatively small error between simulation and experiment. The inertial micro-switch showed high sensitivity to achieving the pull-in effect at 30 V, sense multi-threshold acceleration ranging from 500 g to 2000 g in 2.46 ms and provided enough time for outputting the acceleration signal. Furthermore, the multi-threshold acceleration can be adjusted by controlling the voltage applied to inertial micro-switches. In addition, other functions of inertial micro-switches, such as lower residual stress, high recoverability, and repeatability, have been displayed.
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Mani, Getzial Anbu, and A. K. Parvathy. "High gain boost converter with modified voltage multiplier for stand alone PV system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 1 (2019): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i1.pp185-192.
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<p>Boost converters of high gain are used for photo voltaic systems to obtain high efficiency. These high gain Boost converters gives increased output voltage for a low input produces high outputs for low input voltage. The High gain boost converters have the following merits. Conduction losses input current ripple and stress across the switches is reduced while the efficiency is increases. The high gain of the converters with the above said merits is obtained by changing the duty cycle of switches accordingly .In this paper a boost converter working with interleaved concept along with a additional Nstage voltage Multiplier has been carried out by simulation using MATLAB/ simulink and the mathematical modeling of various parameters is also done.</p>
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Himmelstoss, Felix A. "Tristate Converters with Limited Duty Cycle." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 22 (December 31, 2023): 218–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23201.2023.22.24.
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Replacing the active switch of a DC/DC converter with a series connection of two active switches and a diode which is connected to the connection point of the two switches, changes the converter into a tristate one. The tristate concept changes the voltage transformation ratio of the original converter and influences the dynamics. Starting from a topology for limited duty cycles, four converters can be derived. There are two possibilities for the position of the second capacitor and so eight converter structures can be achieved. The position of the second capacitor influences the input current, the inrush, the stored energy, and the voltage stress of this component. When the input voltage has the other polarity, again eight converters can be designed. Changing all active electronic switches by current bidirectional ones (an electronic switch with an antiparallel diode) leads to bidirectional converters and increases the number of converters that are derived from the basic topology to thirty-two. The function of the four basic structures is explained, and the voltage transformation ratio calculated and graphically shown. The connections of the currents are explained. For one converter the large and the small signal models and two transfer functions are calculated, and simulation of the dynamics are shown.
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Fayaz, Farhana, and Gobind Lal Pahuja. "EFFECT OF VOLTAGE STRESS ON RELIABILITY OF THE 3-LEVEL ANPC MULTILEVEL INVERTER FOR WIND TURBINES." Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (2023): 010196(1–9). http://dx.doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-01-e01884.
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Wind power with low or no greenhouse gas emissions has been highly prevalent over the last decade. Modern renewable energy systems rely heavily on power electronic devices such as multilevel converters (MLC) to integrate renewables into the grid or provide electricity to islanding loads. These converters’ power electronic switches have a high failure rate (approximately 34 percent). As a result, the reliability evaluation of these converters is vital. Most research has focused on developing a fault-tolerant, efficient and cost-effective topology that reduces components. Still, the reliability of these topologies has received relatively little attention. This paper studies the effect of voltage stress on three-level Active Neutral Point Clamped (ANPC) multilevel inverter reliability. The series redundancy is introduced in ANPC using redundant outer switches, making ANPC a fault-tolerant topology. The reliability of this fault-tolerant topology is compared with the fault-intolerant ANPC. The voltage stress factor is calculated for fault intolerant and proposed fault-tolerant ANPC topologies. Because of the reduced stress on the switches and redundant configuration of the outer switches, the proposed fault-tolerant ANPC is more reliable. The fault-tolerant topology proposed in this paper has the lowest voltage stress factor, resulting in better reliability.
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Abdel-Rahim, Omar, Andrii Chub, Andrei Blinov, Dmitri Vinnikov, and Dimosthenis Peftitsis. "An Efficient Non-Inverting Buck-Boost Converter with Improved Step Up/Down Ability." Energies 15, no. 13 (2022): 4550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134550.
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In this article, a new non-inverting buck-boost converter with superior characteristics in both bucking and boosting is presented. The proposed converter has some distinct features, such as high step-up/-down ability and low voltage/current stress on its switching devices. The voltage gain of the proposed converter is double the reported value for the traditional buck-boost converter. Although it has three switches, the three switches operate simultaneously, hence no dead-time is required. Two out of the three switches are under voltage stress equal to half of the output voltage. The overall efficiency of the system is promising because of the ability to select devices with low voltage drops. Converter analysis and steady-state performance in both continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) are presented in detail. A 1 kW hardware prototype of the converter was implemented in the laboratory; with a step-up ratio of 3.5 and 1 kW power, the measured efficiency is above 95.4%, and with step-up ratio 8, it is around 91.5%.
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Dal Pont, Neilor C., Jessika M. De Andrade, Chokkalingam Bharatiraja, Brad Lehman, and Telles B. Lazzarin. "48 V to 1 V DC-DC Converter Based on Cascade/Ladder Connected Switched Capacitor Cells." Eletrônica de Potência 30 (March 12, 2025): e202525. https://doi.org/10.18618/rep.e202525.
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This paper proposes a cascade/ladder switched capacitor converter integrated with an interleaved synchronous buck converter to provide a 48 V to 1 V conversion for data center applications. The switched capacitor stage decreases the input voltage from 48 V to 3 V (a reduction of 16 times), with low voltage stress on the input switches and intermediate voltage levels that can be used as voltage sources. The interleaved buck stage provides voltage and current control and is connected in cascade with the switched capacitor stage to reduce the voltage from 3 V to 1 V (a reduction of 3 times). Furthermore, a switching frequency optimization is proposed for the switched-capacitor converter to maximize efficiency. The proposed solution was experimentally validated in a two-stage 30 W prototype: the first stage is the proposed cascade/ladder switched capacitor topology (48 V to 3 V) with unregulated conversion, which provides a maximum efficiency of 91,6%, and the second stage is the buck converters (3 V to 1 V) with regulated conversion.
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Aiswariya, S., and R. Dhanasekaran. "An AC/DC PFC Converter with Active Soft Switching Technique." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 3, no. 3 (2014): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2014070107.
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This paper proposes an AC-DC converter with the application of active type soft switching techniques. Boost converter with active snubber is used to achieve power factor correction. Boost converter main switch uses Zero Voltage Transition switching for turn on and Zero Current Transition switching for turn off. The active snubber auxillary switch uses Zero Current Switching for both turn on and turn off. Since all the switches of the proposed circuit are soft switched, overall component stress has been greatly reduced and the output DC voltage is expected to have low ripples. A small amount of auxillary switch current is made to flow to the output side by the help of coupling inductor. The proposed circuit is simulated using MATLAB Simulink. All the related waveforms are shown for the reference. The power factor is measured as 0.99 showing that the input current and input voltage is in phase with each other. The PFC circuit has very less number of components with smaller size and can be controlled easily at a wide line and load range.
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Jayakumar, Vinoth, Bharatiraja C, Santhakumar C, and Josiah Lange Munda. "Performance Analysis of Five-Phase NPC MLI with Phase Shifting Carrier Pulse Width Modulation." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 7581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.7581ecst.
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The five-phase loads with Multi-Level Inverters (MLI) are preferred by industries in high and medium power applications due to lower switching loss, voltage stress across switches, etc. The controlling of a five-phase motor drive is done by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques. This paper discusses different multi carrier PWM techniques, such as Level Shifting Carrier (LSC) PWM and Phase Shifting Carrier (PSC) PWM techniques available for controlling the inverter drive. The simulation is carried out for all PWM techniques and load voltage, voltage THD, Common Mode Voltage (CMV), and DC-link voltages are noted and compared among the PWM techniques.
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Chen, Shin-Ju, Sung-Pei Yang, Chao-Ming Huang, and Yu-Hua Chen. "Interleaved High Step-Up DC–DC Converter with Voltage-Lift and Voltage-Stack Techniques for Photovoltaic Systems." Energies 13, no. 10 (2020): 2537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102537.
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A novel interleaved high step-up DC–DC converter applied for applications in photovoltaic systems is proposed in this paper. The proposed configuration is composed of three-winding coupled inductors, voltage multiplier cells and a clamp circuit. The step-up voltage gain is effectively increased, owing to the voltage-stack and voltage-lift techniques using the voltage multiplier cells. The leakage inductor energy is recycled by the clamp circuit to avoid the voltage surge on a power switch. The low-voltage-rated power switches with low on-state resistances and costs can be used to decrease the conduction losses and increase the conversion efficiency when the voltage stresses of power switches for the converter are considerably lower than the high output voltage. The reverse-recovery problems of diodes are mitigated by the leakage inductances of the coupled inductors. Moreover, both the input current ripple and the current stress on each power switch are reduced, owing to the interleaved operation. The operating principle and steady-state analysis of the proposed converter are thoroughly presented herein. A controller network is designed to diminish the effect of the variations of input voltage and output load on the output voltage. Finally, the experimental results for a 1 kW prototype with 28–380 V voltage conversion are shown to demonstrate its effectiveness and performance.