Relevant bibliographies by topics / Switching Angles

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Switching Angles'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 12 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Switching Angles"

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Brijesh, Rajput*1 &. Dr. RudraPratapsingh chauhan2. "A REVIEW ARTICLEOF THREE PHASE PSO BASED HARMONICS REDUCTION TECHNIQUE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 4 (2018): 375–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1218615.

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This paper reports particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique for selective harmonic elimination (SHE) in pulse width modulated inverter. A PSO based optimization technique is proposed to minimize the overall THD of the output voltage of PWM inverter and corresponding switching angles are computed. This method is applied for the bipolar switching in three phase inverter for three switching angles and five switching angles. The switching angles are computed to completely eliminate the lower order harmonics. The result of the bipolar case using three switching angles are compared with that of a recently reported work, based on PSO technique, And is observed that the proposed method is effective in eliminating the lower order harmonics completely and overall THD is reducing to a greater extent than the previously reported work.
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Hiendro, Ayong, Ismail Yusuf, Junaidi Junaidi, Trias Pontia Wigyarianto, and Yohannes M. Simanjuntak. "Optimization of SHEPWM cascaded multilevel inverter switching patterns." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 3 (2020): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1570-1578.

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Selective harmonic elimination (SHE) is an efficient method to eliminate low-order selected harmonics. However, due to nonlinearity in the problems, many optimization techniques give unsatisfied performances in finding optimum switching angles for the SHE. This paper proposes a modified moth-flame optimization algorithm to eliminate selective harmonics in cascaded multilevel inverters. The optimization algorithm is employed to find sets of optimum switching angles for cascaded 5-level, 7-level, and 9-level inverters. The results have shown that modified moth-flame optimization is beneficial in finding optimum switching angles. It performs better than moth-flame optimization (MFO) and differential evolution (DE) algorithms. The optimum switching angles are applied to generate switching pulses for a cascaded 9-level inverter to demonstrate the algorithm’s accuracy. As a result, the low-order harmonics are entirely removed from the ac output voltage of the inverter.
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Wong, Quan Ming, Yee Wei Sea, Wei Tik Chew, et al. "Determination of minimal total harmonic distortion for single-phase multilevel inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, no. 3 (2024): 1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i3.pp1662-1670.

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Multilevel inverters (MLIs) offer numerous advantages, such as low voltage stresses on power switches, low switching losses, and high efficiency. Switching angles applied to MLI must be selected carefully to generate an output voltage waveform with low total harmonic distortion (THD). This paper proposes an improved algorithm to determine the switching angles with low THD for MLI. The proposed algorithm has been implemented using a MATLAB script to compute a set of switching angles with low THD from 3- to 31-level cascaded H-bridge MLI (CHBMLI). A PSIM simulation model has been developed to validate the switching angles and the corresponding THDs obtained from the MATLAB script. An experimental prototype has also been developed to validate the simulation results. The results obtained from the MATLAB script, the PSIM simulation, and the experimental measurement are in good agreement.
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Wong, Quan Ming, Yee Wei Sea, Wei Tik Chew, et al. "Determination of minimal total harmonic distortion for single-phase multilevel inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, no. 3 (2024): 1662–70. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i3.pp1662-1670.

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Multilevel inverters (MLIs) offer numerous advantages, such as low voltage stresses on power switches, low switching losses, and high efficiency. Switching angles applied to MLI must be selected carefully to generate an output voltage waveform with low total harmonic distortion (THD). This paper proposes an improved algorithm to determine the switching angles with low THD for MLI. The proposed algorithm has been implemented using a MATLAB script to compute a set of switching angles with low THD from 3- to 31-level cascaded H-bridge MLI (CHBMLI). A PSIM simulation model has been developed to validate the switching angles and the corresponding THDs obtained from the MATLAB script. An experimental prototype has also been developed to validate the simulation results. The results obtained from the MATLAB script, the PSIM simulation, and the experimental measurement are in good agreement.
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Ayong, Hiendro, Yusuf Ismail, Junaidi, Trias Pontia Wigyarianto F., and M. Simanjuntak Yohannes. "Optimization of SHEPWM cascaded multilevel inverter switching patterns." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 11, no. 3 (2020): 1570–78. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i3.pp1570-1578.

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Selective harmonic elimination (SHE) is an efficient method to eliminate low-order selected harmonics. However, due to nonlinearity in the problems, many optimization techniques give unsatisfied performances in finding optimum switching angles for the SHE. This paper proposes a modified moth-flame optimization algorithm to eliminate selective harmonics in cascaded multilevel inverters. The optimization algorithm is employed to find sets of optimum switching angles for cascaded 5-level, 7-level, and 9-level inverters. The results have shown that modified moth-flame optimization is beneficial in finding optimum switching angles. It performs better than moth-flame optimization (MFO) and differential evolution (DE) algorithms. The optimum switching angles are applied to generate switching pulses for a cascaded 9-level inverter to demonstrate the algorithm’s accuracy. As a result, the low-order harmonics are entirely removed from the ac output voltage of the inverter.
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Kavitha, R., Rani Thottungal, and Brindha R. "Harmonic Elimination of Seven Level Inverter with Switching Pattern Reconfiguration Technique Using Hybrid BBO/MAS Algorithm." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 5, no. 2 (2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v5.i2.pp79-86.

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<p>A hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed in this paper to find the optimum switching angles in a Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (CMLI). A seven level cascaded inverter is considered and optimum switching angles are found by hybrid Biogeographical Based Optimization search (BBO) / Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (MAS) algorithm. The fundamental frequency Selective Harmonic Elimination-Pulse Width Modulation (SHE-PWM) technique is applied in order to reduce the switching losses.Reconfiguration technique is also proposed to achieve harmonic elimination for entire Modulation index(M). The various performance indices like phase THD, line THD, lower order harmonics eliminated in a CMLI are calculated based on the optimized switching angles. A seven level CMLI is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK by using switching angles calculated from BBO/MAS algorithm and the FFT analysis of traditional SHE-PWM and reconfiguration SHE-PWM methods are compared and verified with the calculated values from BBO/MAS algorithm.</p>
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Soo, J. A., M. S. Chye, Y. C. Tan, S. L. Ong, J. H. Leong, and T. Sutikno. "Non-iterative Wide-modulation-index Switching-angle Calculation Techniques for 15-level Binary Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 1 (2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i1.pp93-99.

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Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMI) is able to generate a staircase AC output voltage with low switching losses. The switching angles applied to the CHBMI have to be calculated and arranged properly in order to minimize the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage waveform. In this paper, two non-iterative switching-angle calculation techniques applied for a 15-level binary asymmetric CHBMI are proposed. Both techniques employ a geometric approach to estimate the switching angles, and therefore, the generated equations can be solved directly without iterations, which are usually time-consuming and challenging to be implemented in real-time. Apart from this, both techniques are also able to calculate the switching angles for a wide range of modulation index. The proposed calculation techniques have been validated via MATLAB simulation and experiment.
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Mansoor, Abdal K., Laith A. Mohammed, and Noha A. AL Jawady. "Eliminating Harmonics in a Five Level Inverter by Optimized Both Switching Angles and Dc Link Voltage." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 15, no. 4 (2008): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.15.4.01.

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This paper presents design and analysis of a single phase multilevel inverter by optimizing both switching angles and DC link voltage of a cascaded inverter. The switching angles and dc link voltage are chosen such that to minimize the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage. The main power devices are switched only once per cycle , so that to overcome the switching loss problem, as well as electromagnetic interference (EMI) problem, a method is given to determine the optimum value of the switching angles and the value of the dc link voltage. Theoretical analysis and simulation of a single phase 5-level cascaded inverter are introduced with a wide range of modulation index.
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Jubair Al-Hiealy, Mohammed Rasheed, Mohammad Shahir Bin Abdul Majed Shikh, Abdurrahman Bin Jalil, Suhaila Abdul Rahman, and Muath Jarrah. "Management switching angles real-time prediction by artificial neural network." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 1 (2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i1.pp110-119.

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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) is an efficient way for different types of real-world prediction problems. In the past decade, it has given a tremendous surge in a global research activities. ANNs embody much certainty and provide a great deal of promise This paper has present artificial neural network (ANN) technique analysis and prediction for management switching angles real-time. The proposes to be used ANN for prediction and selected obtine angles for implement the timing diagram for mulitlvel inverter circuit. In order to control the fundamental component, ANNs are used to solve the analysis of non-linear equation of the output timing diagram in order to determine the switching angles. Substantially, the number of switching devices are reducing as possible basically for reducing a switching loss in the system, also have been used ANNs technique to optimize a switching angles behavior to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) at voltage and current output waveform equal THDV 8.05% THDA 5.1%. For the proposed controllers, the performance and results by the ANNs were obtained and compared by using MATLAB software.
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Al-Hiealy, Mohammed Rasheed Jubair, Mohammad Shahir, Abdurrahman Abdurrahman, Suhaila Abdul Rahman, and Muath Jarrah. "Management switching angles real-time prediction by artificial neural network." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 1 (2021): 110–19. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i1.pp110-119.

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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) is an efficient way for different types of real-world prediction problems. In the past decade, it has given a tremendous surge in a global research activities. ANNs embody much certainty and provide a great deal of promise This paper has present artificial neural network (ANN) technique analysis and prediction for management switching angles real-time. The proposes to be used ANN for prediction and selected obtine angles for implement the timing diagram for mulitlvel inverter circuit. In order to control the fundamental component, ANNs are used to solve the analysis of non-linear equation of the output timing diagram in order to determine the switching angles. Substantially, the number of switching devices are reducing as possible basically for reducing a switching loss in the system, also have been used ANNs technique to optimize a switching angles behavior to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) at voltage and current output waveform equal THDV 8.05% THDA 5.1%. For the proposed controllers, the performance and results by the ANNs were obtained and compared by using MATLAB software.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Switching Angles"

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Hu, Dongchen. "A wide-area control for mitigating angle instability in electric power systems." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2006/d_hu_091406.pdf.

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Isaksson, Joakim. "On the Surface of Conducting Polymers : Electrochemical Switching of Color and Wettability in Conjugated Polymer Devices." Licentiate thesis, Norrköping : Department of Science and Technology, Linköpings universitet, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4268.

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Langer, Angela Katharina [Verfasser], and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Heermann. "Regulation of phenotypic switching and heterogeneity in Photorhabdus luminescens cell populations / Angela Katharina Langer ; Betreuer: Ralf Heermann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1150644044/34.

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Brasart, Charles. "Structure, variation et configuration du sens dans la parole bilingue. Une étude croisée d’alternance codique français-anglais et anglais-allemand." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040110.

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Cette thèse porte sur le mélange des langues dans la conversation bilingue. Nous analysons les occurrences d’alternance codique dans deux corpus de conversation recueillis auprès de deux groupes de locuteurs bilingues : un corpus anglais-français de 50 000 mots, un corpus anglais-allemand de 95 000 mots. Nos analyses montrent que certains phénomènes bilingues émergent indépendamment des langues et des personnes, dans des proportions très similaires, tandis que d’autres, plus minoritaires, sont propres à l’un ou l’autre corpus, émergeant en fonction des langues, des groupes et/ou des situations. Nous nous penchons ensuite sur les manifestations syntaxiques et les finalités du changement de langue, présentant l’énonciateur comme un acteur et l’alternance codique comme un outil structurant pour la pensée et la parole. Nous proposons une typologie des motivations de l’alternance codique, en prenant en compte le fait qu’elle peut être volontaire ou non. Puis démontrons que l’émergence d’une parole bilingue découle d’un lien fort entre sens et forme et qu’elle peut être interprétée comme la trace de l’investissement des locuteurs dans la construction des références. En s’éloignant des normes monolingues, ils reconfigurent le sens des constructions en les faisant se détacher sur un fond nouveau<br>This dissertation bears on bilingual code-switching. It is based on the analysis of code-switched utterances in two bilingual corpora. One is a 50,000-word corpus of French-English conversation, the other a 95,000-word of German-English conversation. The cross analysis aims at showing that some bilingual phenomena are language- and context-independent and can be found in extremely close proportions in both corpora. Other not-so-frequent phenomena, on the other hand, do seem to be language- or context-dependent, appearing in one corpus but failing to do so in the other. Nevertheless, I attempt to demonstrate that both these types of phenomena are linked to similar semantic and pragmatic motivations — in other words, that different speakers can make different uses of the same tools to accomplish the same ends. I thus propose to view the speaker as a rational performer and code-switching as a structuring device for both speech and thought. I then analyze whether switching languages mid-sentence can or cannot always be determined to stem from a conscious decision. I argue that bilingual speech arises from a narrow bond between form and meaning and stems from the way individual speakers encapsulate references into words. By moving away from monolingual norms and using constructions against the backdrop of another language, bilingual speakers are thus able to give new pragmatic meaning to these constructions
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Usov, Denys. "Switching of surface composition and morphology of binary polymer brushes." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1085656171515-51343.

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Switching of surface composition and morphology of binary polymer brushes in response to changes in solvent selectivity, heating above glass transition temperatures, and contact with a rubbery stamp was studied. The binary brushes: polystyrene/poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (PS/P2VP), poly(styrene-co-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene)/poly(methyl (meth)acrylate) (PSF/P(M)MA), and PS/PMMA were synthesized via two-step surface-initiated radical polymerization. Wetting experiments show that switching of brushes? surface composition upon exposure to solvents of various thermodynamic quality occurs faster than in 6 s. It takes longer time (5-10 min), if rate of solvent diffusion into the brush film is low. Discontinuous switching of surface composition of binary brushes is found upon exposure to binary solvents with gradually changed selectivity. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) shows quantitatively that the top brush layer (1) is dominated by respective favourite polymers after exposure to solvents of opposite selectivity and (2) comprises both brush constituents in almost symmetric ratio after exposure to non-selective solvents. Morphologies of binary brushes obtained after exposure to the solvents were studied with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Local top layer composition was sensed with X-ray Photoemission Electron Microscopy (XPEEM). The morphologies are relevant to the particular solvents, reproducible, and independent on previous solvents. Phase segregation beneath the brush top layers was visualized with plasma etching. Qualitative agreement of the experimentally observed morphologies and predicted with self-consistent field theory is found. Enrichment of a binary brush top layer with the polymer providing lower surface energy takes place after annealing. Perpendicular segregation of binary brush constituents was sensed with XPEEM on perpendicular walls of imprinted elevations after wet microcontact printing.
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Usov, Denys. "Switching of surface composition and morphology of binary polymer brushes." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2003. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24340.

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Switching of surface composition and morphology of binary polymer brushes in response to changes in solvent selectivity, heating above glass transition temperatures, and contact with a rubbery stamp was studied. The binary brushes: polystyrene/poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (PS/P2VP), poly(styrene-co-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene)/poly(methyl (meth)acrylate) (PSF/P(M)MA), and PS/PMMA were synthesized via two-step surface-initiated radical polymerization. Wetting experiments show that switching of brushes? surface composition upon exposure to solvents of various thermodynamic quality occurs faster than in 6 s. It takes longer time (5-10 min), if rate of solvent diffusion into the brush film is low. Discontinuous switching of surface composition of binary brushes is found upon exposure to binary solvents with gradually changed selectivity. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) shows quantitatively that the top brush layer (1) is dominated by respective favourite polymers after exposure to solvents of opposite selectivity and (2) comprises both brush constituents in almost symmetric ratio after exposure to non-selective solvents. Morphologies of binary brushes obtained after exposure to the solvents were studied with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Local top layer composition was sensed with X-ray Photoemission Electron Microscopy (XPEEM). The morphologies are relevant to the particular solvents, reproducible, and independent on previous solvents. Phase segregation beneath the brush top layers was visualized with plasma etching. Qualitative agreement of the experimentally observed morphologies and predicted with self-consistent field theory is found. Enrichment of a binary brush top layer with the polymer providing lower surface energy takes place after annealing. Perpendicular segregation of binary brush constituents was sensed with XPEEM on perpendicular walls of imprinted elevations after wet microcontact printing.
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Cheng, Hui-Chuan. "Vertical Field Switching Blue Phase Liquid Crystals for Field Sequential Color Displays." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5161.

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Low power consumption is a critical requirement for all liquid crystal display (LCD) devices. A field sequential color (FSC) LCD was proposed by using red (R), green (G) and blue (B) LEDs and removing the lossy component of color filters which only transmits ~30% of the incoming white light. Without color filters, FSC LCDs exhibit a ~3X higher optical efficiency and 3X higher resolution density as compared to the conventional color filters-based LCDs. However, color breakup (CBU) is a most disturbing defect that degrades the image quality in FSC displays. CBU can be observed in stationary or moving images. It manifests in FSC LCDs when there is a relative speed between the images and observers* eyes, and the observer will see the color splitting patterns or rainbow effect at the boundary between two different colors. In Chapter 2, we introduce a five-primary display by adding additional yellow(Y) and cyan(C) colors. From the analysis and simulations, five primaries can provide wide color gamut and meanwhile the white brightness is increased, as compared to the three-primary. Based on the five-primary theorem, we propose a method to reduce CBU of FSC LCDs by using RGBYC LEDs instead of RGB LEDs in the second section. Without increasing the sub-frame rate as three-primary LCDs, we can reduce the CBU by utilizing proper color sequence and weighting ratios. In addition, the color gamut achieves 140% NTSC and the white brightness increases by more than 13%, as compared to the three-primary FSC LCDs. Another strategy to suppress CBU is using higher field frequency, such as 540 Hz or even up to 1000 Hz. However, this approach needs liquid crystals with a very fast response time (<1 ms). Recently, the polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal (PS-BPLC) draws great attentions because of improved temperature range which enables the applications for photonic devices and displays. PS-BPLC is a good candidate for FSC LCDs because of its submillisecond gray-to-gray response time, no need for alignment layer, and isotropic dark state. So far, almost all the BPLC devices utilize planar or protruded in-plane switching (IPS) electrode configuration. The structure of planar IPS is relatively simple, but the operating voltage is too high for thin-film transistor (TFT) addressing. Moreover, high voltage causes deformation of polymer network and induces a noticeable hysteresis. Protruded IPS is helpful for lowering the operating voltage, but the manufacturing process becomes more sophisticated. In Chapter 3, we propose a vertical field switching (VFS) mode for blue phase LCDs. The simple structure of VFS cell generates uniform vertical fields on the BPLC materials. From our experimental results, the operation voltage can be reduced to ~10Vrms while eliminating the hysteresis. We also defined a critical field below which hysteresis does not occur. Above critical field, lattice distortion and other irreversible phase transition processes would occur. As a result, the associated response time would be slower. Therefore, VFS mode also shows faster response time than IPS mode. The operating voltage can be further reduced by choosing an optimized cell gap and a larger oblique incident angle in VFS blue phase LCDs. In Chapter 4, we propose several compensation mechanisms to improve the viewing angle of VFS blue-phase LCDs. The compensation principles are analyzed and simulation results evaluated. Because VFS blue-phase LCD processes several advantages over IPS blue-phase LCD and conventional LCDs, it could become a strong contender for next-generation display technology.<br>Ph.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Optics and Photonics<br>Optics and Photonics<br>Optics
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Garcia, Cortes Olga Mireya. "Teachers' and students' perceptions and use of code-switching in ESL classes in Quebec elementary schools." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27442.

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Adoptant une perspective sociolinguistique, cette étude a examiné les pratiques d’alternance des codes linguistiques chez cinq enseignants d’anglais langue seconde (ALS) du primaire 3ème cycle, dans des écoles francophones de la région de Québec. La recherche, qui a impliqué des études de cas, s’est centrée sur cinq questions : 1) le taux de français (L1) utilisé par les enseignants d’ALS; 2) les raisons pour lesquelles les enseignants ont utilisé la L1 dans leurs cours; 3) les points de vue des enseignants sur les facteurs qui ont influencé leur utilisation de la L1; 4) l’influence du choix de langue utilisée par les enseignants sur le choix de langue des élèves; 5) les perceptions des élèves sur leur propre utilisation des L1 et L2 ainsi que sur celle de leur enseignant. Les données ont été recueillies dans les classes à deux périodes d’observation au cours de l’année scolaire 2007-2008. Les données ont été obtenues à partir de quatre sources : les enregistrements vidéo des leçons observées, les rappels stimulés, un entretien final avec chaque enseignante et un questionnaire administré aux élèves. Les résultats suivants ressortent de cette recherche. D’abord, en contraste avec des études antérieures, celle-ci a opté pour une perspective de type emic dans laquelle on a demandé aux enseignantes d’identifier les raisons pour lesquelles elles utilisaient la langue première (L1), à partir des vidéo-clips de leurs leçons. Cette analyse fine a permis d’obtenir une compréhension plus nuancée de certaines raisons déjà invoquées dans les entretiens (ex : sauver du temps, fatigue, etc.), mais qui pourraient échapper à une analyse de type étic des leçons d’ALS. Entre autres, cette recherche a mis en évidence une stratégie non mentionnée auparavant dans d’autres études : c’est l’utilisation du time-out, qui remplissait une fonction de barrière symbolique pour préserver le caractère «anglais» de la classe d’ALS. Deuxièmement, cette étude étend la recherche à la variation individuelle d’usage de la L1 par les enseignants, peu fréquemment rapportée dans d’autres études. En contraste avec des études passées où la variation d’un enseignant à l’autre se limitait au facteur temps (Duff &amp; Polio, 1990; Edstrom, 2006; Nagy, 2009a), cette étude-ci a exploré les raisons sous-jacentes à cette variation, contribuant du même coup à confirmer les résultats de quelques autres études (De la Campa &amp; Nassaji, 2009; Rolin-Ianziti &amp; Brownlie, 2002). Troisièmement, comme dans la recherche de Carless (2004), une enseignante de notre étude, Kora, se démarque des autres par le faible et constant taux d’utilisation de la L1 (moins de 1%). Elle vient appuyer ainsi l’assertion de ce chercheur sur le fait que les expériences, les croyances et les compétences des enseignants pourraient être un facteur plus significatif d’utilisation de la langue-cible que le niveau de compétence langagière des élèves. Le cas de Kora accrédite ces enseignants et chercheurs qui, à partir d’une perspective pédagogique (Carless, 2004b ; Chambers, 1991 ; Nagy, 2009a ; Turnbull, 2006), ont fait valoir le besoin de conscientiser davantage les enseignants sur les stratégies à leur portée pour augmenter l’usage de la langue cible dans la classe d’ALS. Quatrièmement, quant à l’influence qu’a le choix de langue des enseignants sur le choix de langue de leurs élèves, cette étude-ci élargit les résultats obtenus par Liu et al (2004) à un contexte culturel et scolaire très différent, soit l’enseignement de l’ALS dans le système scolaire francophone du Québec. Cinquièmement, comme les résultats du questionnaire le révèlent, malgré les niveaux relativement élevés d’utilisation de l’anglais dans leur cours, les élèves du primaire 3e cycle ne se sentent pas stressés outre mesure. Par contraste avec d’autres études centrées sur les perceptions des élèves face à l’utilisation de la L1 et de la L2 (Levine, 2003 ; Macaro &amp; Lee, 2013 ; Rolin-Ianziti &amp; Varshney, 2009), cette étude-ci a aussi examiné la perception des élèves sur l’utilisation de stratégies dans leurs classes. Les résultats ont montré que les élèves percevaient chez leurs enseignants le recours à des stratégies jusqu’à un certain degré, particulièrement en rapport avec l’usage d’éléments visuels. Cependant, ce qui a émergé plus fortement a été la perception des élèves sur leur propre utilisation de stratégies pour communiquer dans la langue cible. Finalement, d’un point de vue méthodologique, cette étude-ci apparaît comme la première à avoir analysé les pourcentages d’utilisation de l’anglais et du français à l’aide de procédés d’analyse de type digital. En effet, dans les études antérieures les chercheurs avaient recours au décompte des mots ou du temps avec un chronomètre - des procédés potentiellement plus exigeants et mange-temps. L’étude discute aussi des implications de la pratique d’alternance des codes linguistiques dans la salle de classe. De plus, elle apporte des suggestions quant à la recherche future.<br>Drawing on a sociolinguistic perspective, this study examined the code-switching practices of five elementary core ESL teachers (3rd cycle) in French-medium schools in the Québec City area. The study, which involved case studies, focused on five research questions: (1) the amount of French, the L1, used by the ESL teachers, (2) the reasons why the teachers used the L1 in their classes, (3) the teachers’ views concerning the factors that influenced their L1 use, (4) the influence of the teachers’ language choice on students’ language choice, (5) the students’ perceptions of their teachers and their own L1/L2 use. Data were collected over two different periods of observation in the teachers’ classrooms during the 2007-2008 academic year. Four main sources of data were obtained: videotaped recordings of the lessons observed, stimulated recalls, an end-of study interview with each teacher, and a student questionnaire. Amongst the findings, the following are of particular note. First, in contrast to past studies, the present study opted for an emic perspective in which teachers themselves were asked to identify the reasons for which they used the target language based on video clips of their lessons. This fine-grained analysis brought to light a more nuanced analysis notably with respect to certain reasons (e.g., saving time, fatigue) which, even if previously evoked in interviews, could elude inclusion in research etic-based analyses of lessons. Amongst other things, the present study brought to light one reason not previously mentioned in other studies, i.e., the use of time-outs which performed a symbolic boundary maintaining function to preserve the “Englishness” of the ESL classroom. Secondly, the present study extends research which has infrequently reported on individual variation amongst teachers with respect to L1 use within their own lessons. In contrast to past studies, where individual variation within teachers’ lessons has typically been confined to time (Duff &amp; Polio, 1990; Edstrom, 2006; Nagy, 2009a), the present study contributes to those few studies (De la Campa &amp; Nassaji, 2009; Rolin-Ianziti &amp; Brownlie, 2002) which also pinpoint differences in the reasons for such variation amongst case study participants. Thirdly, as in Carless’ (2004) study, one teacher in the present study, Kora, stood out from the others in terms of having a consistently low rate of L1 use (less than 1%), thus thus underscoring his contention that the teacher’s experiences, beliefs and competencies may be a more significant factor in terms of target language use than the students’ level of language proficiency. The case of Kora lends credence to those teachers and researchers who have argued from a pedagogical perspective (Carless, 2004b; Chambers, 1991; Nagy, 2009a; Turnbull, 2006) for the need to enhance teachers’ awareness of the strategies which can be used to increase target language use in the second language classroom. Fourthly, with respect to the impact of the teacher's choice of language on that of the students', the present study extends Liu et al.’s (2004) findings through the analysis of a very different school cultural context involving ESL teaching in the French-medium school system within the province of Quebec. Fifthly, as revealed by the student questionnaire results, despite relatively high levels of English use in their classes, the Cycle 3 elementary grade students did not feel unduly stressed. In contrast to previous studies (Levine, 2003; Macaro &amp; Lee, 2013; Rolin-Ianziti &amp; Varshney, 2009) which have focused on students’ perceptions of teachers’ L1 and L2 use, the present study also examined the latter’s perception of strategy use within their classes. Results reveal that students perceived their teachers as using strategies to a certain degree, particularly in regard to the use of visuals. However, what emerged more strongly was students’ perception of themselves as using strategies to communicate in the target language. Finally, from a methodological point of view, this study appears to be the first to have analyzed percentages for the use of English and French using digital editing features. In past studies, researchers have typically resorted to word counts or timing with a stopwatch, procedures which can be more onerous and time-consuming. Implications for code-switching practices in the classroom as well as suggestions for future research are also discussed.
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Mulumbwa, Sebe Stanley. "Humanoid Arm Geometric Model." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21769.

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The world is slowly moving into increased human-robot interaction where both humans and robots can co-exist in the same domain. For the robot to be able to operate effectively in a man’s designed environment, it becomes necessary to model the robot with human capabilities as humans are seen as more capable. Replicating human becomes a huge challenge due to numerous degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) that human possess resulting into too many variables and nonlinear equations. Other challenges do occur like singularities.   In this thesis, the singularity challenge of a redundant humanoid arm is explored while maintaining a simple 7 DOF serial chain structure. As opposed to the 30 DOF human arm, a simpler 7 DOF humanoid arm is adopted and studied to eliminate the singularity challenges. The singularity problem mainly comes from the elbow and the spherical joints at the shoulder and wrist. A step-by-step review of available inverse kinematics techniques is made with more focus on the iterative Jacobian-based methods. A step-by-step approach is adopted so as to identify the source of singularities while using the iterative Jacobian-based techniques that are able to handle the nonlinearities of the equations.   The Singular Value Filtering (SVF) technique coupled with Selectively Damped Least Squares (SDLS) is employed. Without any restrictions to the stretch of the arm or end-effector pose, the method demonstrates, in conjunction with Euler angle singularity avoidance method, the elimination of singularity problems. This is achieved with no adjustment to kinematic model of the manipulator.
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Loison-Charles, Julie. "Les mots étrangers de Vladimir Nabokov." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100051/document.

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Cette thèse démontre le caractère fondamental du multilinguisme de Nabokov dans son écriture en anglais : après avoir été un auteur prolifique en russe, l’écrivain a opéré une transition linguistique et n’a plus composé ses romans qu’en langue anglaise. Cette dernière ne peut nullement être réduite à une langue seconde puisque Nabokov a su l’écrire avant le russe et la parlait depuis l’enfance. Il a par ailleurs bénéficié d’une éducation polyglotte puisqu’il maîtrisait parfaitement le français. Cette thèse étudie le style de Nabokov en soulignant sa créativité linguistique et en examinant le rôle fondateur que la traduction a joué dans le positionnement de ses différentes langues les unes par rapport aux autres. L’identité bilingue de Nabokov a pour conséquence que son écriture est déviante, mais aussi défiante : elle est marquée d’étrangeté (le caractère de ce qui est étrange) et d’étrangéité (ce qui est étranger). Dans ses romans, la langue anglaise voit surgir en son sein des mots étrangers qui, typographiquement et sémantiquement, déstabilisent la lecture : le phénomène de l’alternance codique (ou code-switching) est au cœur de cette thèse et interroge le rapport entre l’auteur tyrannique (Couturier) et son lecteur. La langue anglaise elle-même perd de sa familiarité et devient étrangère : le bilinguisme de Nabokov lui confère un statut d’étranger dans la langue, ce qui lui permet de voir la violence du langage (Lecercle) et de la faire apparaître, notamment grâce à des calembours et des néologismes. Nabokov est ce que Deleuze appelle un grand écrivain à l’aide d’une formule proustienne : ses livres « sont écrits dans une sorte de langue étrangère »<br>This thesis shows how central Nabokov’s multilingualism was to his prose in English: after authoring several works in Russian, the writer changed languages and then only wrote his novels in English. It was not merely a second language for him because Nabokov could write English before Russian and he had spoken it since childhood. Besides, he enjoyed a polyglot education and was fluent in French. This thesis studies Nabokov’s style in English by focusing on his linguistic creativity and by examining the founding role that translation played in how his several tongues were going to position themselves in relation to one another. Nabokov’s bilingual identity means that his writing both challenges and deviates from the norm: it is dappled with strangeness and foreignness. In his novels, foreign words irrupt in the midst of the English prose and, typographically and semantically, they destabilize the reading experience: code-switching is at the heart of this thesis and questions the relation between “the narrator’s tyranny” (Couturier) and his reader. English itself loses its familiarity and becomes a foreign language: Nabokov’s bilingualism means he is like a foreigner in this tongue; therefore he reveals the violence of language (Lecercle) and puts it into play through puns and neologisms. Nabokov is what Deleuze calls, thanks to a Proustian expression, a great writer: his books “are written in a kind of foreign language”
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Books on the topic "Switching Angles"

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Aaron, Falk R., and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Optically activated switching III: 21-22 January 1993, Los Angeles, CA. The Society, 1993.

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M, Loubriel Guillermo, and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Optically activated switching II: 20-21 January 1992, Los Angeles, California. The Society, 1992.

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1954-, Peyghambarian Nasser, Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., and Symposium on High-Power Lasers and Optical Computing (1990 : Los Angeles, Calif.), eds. Nonlinear optical materials and devices for photonic switching: 16-17 January 1990, Los Angeles, California. SPIE, 1990.

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VIETNAMESE-ENGLISH BILINGUALISM: PATTERNS OF CODE-SWITCHING. CURZON, 2003.

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Spanish/English codeswitching in a written corpus / Laura Callahan. John Benjamins Pub., 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Switching Angles"

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Ahmad, Salman, and Atif Iqbal. "Switching Angles Computations Using PSO in Selective Harmonics Minimization PWM." In Metaheuristic and Evolutionary Computation: Algorithms and Applications. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7571-6_18.

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Chew, Wei Tik, Wui Ven Yong, J. Siok Lan Ong, and Jenn Hwai Leong. "Comparison of GA and PSO Optimized Switching Angles for 3-phase 15-Level Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverter." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8129-5_62.

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Nayan, Norkharziana Mohd, Naziha Ahmad Azli, and Shahrin Md Ayob. "A Comparison on PSO Variants in Calculating HEPWM Switching Angles for a Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2792-2_30.

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Ibrahim, Intan Rahayu, Emilia Noorsal, and Ahmad Maliki Omar. "Power Converter for Dual-Power PV-Grid System Utilizing Optimized Switching Angles of 21-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter." In Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2016). Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0074-5_47.

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Sea, Yee Wei, Wui Ven Yong, J. Siok Lan Ong, and Jenn Hwai Leong. "Comparison of Total Harmonic Distortion and Common Mode Voltage in Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter with Switching Angles Derived Using Non-iterative Calculation Techniques." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8129-5_61.

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Xue, Xianbo, Zejun Hua, Haijun Liu, et al. "Optimization of Structural Parameters of Vortex Type Coiled Tubing Drag Reduction Tool Based on Coanda Effect." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7887-4_58.

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Abstract The vortex drag reduction tool based on wall attachment effect has a simple structure and high reliability, but lacks systematic research on tool structural parameters. In the application of coiled tubing drilling, there are problems such as poor parameter matching and weak power output. Therefore, based on the theory of wall attached jet, this article establishes a numerical model of vortex drag reduction tools, and investigates the effects of wedge distance, sidewall angle, wedge angle, and flow channel width on the oscillation performance of the tools. The research results indicate that the wedge distance and the angle between the sidewalls affect the oscillation frequency generated by the tool by affecting the jet deflection angle, the wedge angle affects the fluid flow velocity and vortex strength in the vortex chamber, and the flow passage affects the switching of the attached wall jet by affecting the pressure on both sides of the jet port. When the splitting distance is greater than 40 mm, the angle between the sidewalls is 30°, the width of the flow passage is 4–5 mm, and the angle between the splitting tips is 15°, the oscillation performance generated by the tool is better. The research results have certain guiding significance for the reasonable matching and optimization design of the structural parameters of eddy current drag reduction tools.
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Alekhya, M., S. Ramyaka, N. Sambasiva Rao, and Ch Durga Prasad. "An Improved Swarm Optimization Algorithm-Based Harmonics Estimation and Optimal Switching Angle Identification." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0289-4_9.

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Hegde, Manoj, S. Nagaraja Rao, and M. S. Indira. "Modified Cascaded Reversing Voltage Multilevel Inverter Using Optimal Switching Angle Technique for Photovoltaic Applications." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4692-1_25.

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Mohapatra, Gayatri, and Manas Ranjan Nayak. "Switching Angle and Power Loss Calculation for THD Minimization in CHB-Multilevel Inverter Using DEA." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7563-6_51.

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Prasad, Hejeebu, R. Kameswara Rao, and S. Kranthi Kumar. "Cascaded Operation of Hybrid Multilevel Inverter with Optimum Switching Angle Control for Power Quality Enhancement." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3828-5_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Switching Angles"

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Kim, Jinjae, Jiwon Park, Hyojin Choi, et al. "Correlation-driven Nonequilibrium Exciton Site Transition in a WSe2/WS2 Moiré Supercell." In CLEO: Fundamental Science. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fw4b.1.

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We have investigated the site-dependent nonequilibrium exciton correlations in WSe2/WS2 heterobilayers. Near-zero angles exhibit intriguing polarization switching and enhanced Pauli blocking, while a 60° twist angle shows no such correlations, emphasizing moiré supercell configuration dependence.
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Muchafangeyi, Kundayi, and Prabhu Omer. "DC Sources and Switching Angles Optimization for Enhanced Performance of a 9-Level MLI." In 2024 Asian Conference on Intelligent Technologies (ACOIT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/acoit62457.2024.10939358.

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Mukherjee, Sayantika, Pratik Kalkal, and A. V. Ravi Teja. "Selective Harmonic Control in Two-Level Inverters with Three Switching Angles using a Graphical 3D to 2D Approach." In IECON 2024 - 50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon55916.2024.10905774.

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Batsis, Ioannis, Dimitrios Bargiotas, and Aspassia Daskalopulu. "Switching angles calculation through Mathematical optimization in Multilevel Inverters." In 2020 11th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications (IISA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iisa50023.2020.9284391.

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Kumar, Jagdish, Jaimala Gambhir, and Anil Kumar. "Control of switching angles for a CMLI using ANN." In 2014 Recent Advances in Engineering and Computational Sciences (RAECS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/raecs.2014.6799596.

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Bai, Huancheng, Chao Xia, Lei Yu, Yajun Fan, Qing Jia, and Zhigang Yang. "Effects of Rear Slant Angles on the Bi-Stable Behavior of the Ahmed Body." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2522.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The bi-stable phenomena of the Ahmed model were experimentally studied at different rear slant angles (31.8 °, 42 °, 50 °, 60 °, 75 °, 90°) and different Reynolds numbers (9.2 × 10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, 1.84 × 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, 2.76 × 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;). The analysis of pressure gradients both on the base and slant indicate that no bi-stable phenomena were observed at different Reynolds numbers when the slant angle was less than or equal to 50°. However, for the rear slant angles greater than or equal to 60°, the pressure gradients consistently shift between two preferred values at various Reynolds numbers, indicating the presence of bi-stable behavior in the spanwise direction. Therefore, the critical angle for the appearance of bi-stability in the Ahmed model lies within the range of 50° to 60°, and the existence of bistable behavior remains unaffected by the Reynolds number. As the slant angle increases, the switching rate decreases significantly until the angle is greater than 60°. Furthermore, with an increase in Reynolds number, the switching rate exhibits a monotonic decrease for most angles, except at 75° and 90°. The rate of decrease, however, diminishes for larger angles. Notably, at both 75° and 90°, the influence of Reynolds number on the switching rate is less pronounced.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Lorenzo, J. P., and R. A. Soref. "Silicon Carrier-Enhanced Electrooptical Guided-Wave Switch." In Photonic Switching. Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/phs.1987.thd2.

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Experimental results on an all-silicon 1.3 µm 2 × 2 optical switch are presented in this paper. Waveguiding of 1.3 µm light has been shown to be feasible in silicon with little attenuation expected for doping concentrations below 1017cm−3. (1) This and other state-of-the-art developments(2) has led to the monolithic opto-electronic device under study in this work. A schematic view of the integrated device structure is shown in figure 1. The active region is integrated at the crossing intersection of two raised rib channel waveguides. Each device chip consists of three individual bi directional 2×2 devices with different crossing angles and rib widths. The chip is polished in a special mounting jig to delineate the ridge waveguide ends. Electrooptical interactions are induced by actively altering the refractive index profile under a metallurgical p+/n junction at the waveguide intersection region shown in figure 2. An index decrease in this region is created with injected carriers.(1) Refractive index change near the junction is estimated to be 1.5 × 10−3 for 1018cm−3 free holes.(3)
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AbouHashesh, S. A., M. K. El-Nemr, and E. M. Rashad. "Correlative angles switching technique for switched reluctance motor drive systems." In 2015 IEEE 8th GCC Conference and Exhibition (GCCCE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeegcc.2015.7060036.

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Yoon, Sugjoon. "A Study on Optimal Switching Angles in Dual-Euler Method." In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4606.

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Zhi, Zeying, Hui Liu, and Rucheng Han. "CFT-Based On-Line Calculation for Optimal PWM Switching Angles." In 2009 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2009.4918212.

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