Relevant bibliographies by topics / Switching circuits. Pulsed power systems

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Switching circuits. Pulsed power systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Switching circuits. Pulsed power systems"

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OGUNNIYI, ADERINTO, and HEATHER O'BRIEN. "PULSE EVALUATION AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF 4H-SiC SGTO MODULES." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 20, no. 03 (September 2011): 441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156411006738.

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Army applications require power components that are utilized in pulsed power systems to be reliable and durable, compact, have high power and energy density, and lastly, to be easily integrated into combat vehicles. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is currently investigating silicon carbide Super-gate turn-off thyristors ( SiC SGTOs) to meet the future pulsed power system requirements for the Army. ARL's methodology is to evaluate the device performance in pulsed power circuits that emulate the electrical stresses that the power devices would encounter in a pulsed power system. Each module being evaluated utilized four 0.6 cm2 SiC SGTOs. The packaging design for the module utilizes ThinPak technology. The module has reliably been pulsed over 2000 times at peak currents greater than 8 kA with a pulse width of 170 μs. The module has also been pulsed greater than 3.6 kA at a pulse width of 1 ms, corresponding to an action rate of 7000 A2s and a current density of 2.5 kA/cm2 over the cathode mesa area. This work evaluates SiC SGTO modules under various pulsed conditions. This paper includes details on device structure, module package design, and module pulsed switching and reliability.
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Tang, Li-Chuan, Shyr-Long Jeng, Edward-Yi Chang, and Wei-Hua Chieng. "Variable-Frequency Pulse Width Modulation Circuits for Resonant Wireless Power Transfer." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 3656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123656.

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In this paper, we develop a variable-frequency pulse width modulation (VFPWM) circuit for input control of 6.78-MHz resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. The zero-voltage switching control relies on the adjustments of both duty cycle and switching frequency for the class-E amplifier used in the WPT as the power transmission unit. High-frequency pulse wave modulation integrated circuits exist, but some have insufficiently high frequency or unfavorable resolution for duty cycle tuning. The novelty of this work is the VFPWM circuit design that we put together. A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) of radio frequency and capacitor-coupled difference amplifiers are used to simultaneously perform the frequency and duty cycle tuning required in resonant WPT applications. Different circuit topologies of VFPWM are compared analytically and numerically. The most favorable circuit topology, enabling independent control of the frequency and duty cycle, is employed in experiments. The experimental results demonstrate the validity of the novel VFPWM, which is capable of operating at 6.78 MHz and has a duty ratio adjustable from 20% to 45% of the range applicable in the resonant WPT applications.
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Lin, Bor-Ren. "Soft Switching DC Converter for Medium Voltage Applications." Electronics 7, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7120449.

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A dc-dc converter with asymmetric pulse-width modulation is presented for medium voltage applications, such as three-phase ac-dc converters, dc microgrid systems, or dc traction systems. To overcome high voltage stress on primary side and high current rating on secondary side, three dc-dc circuits with primary-series secondary-parallel structure are employed in the proposed converter. Current doubler rectifiers are used on the secondary side to achieve low ripple current on output side. Asymmetric pulse-width modulation is adopted to realize soft switching operation for power switches for wide load current operation and achieve high circuit efficiency. Current balancing cells with magnetic component are used on the primary side to achieve current balance in each circuit cell. The voltage balance capacitors are also adopted on primary side to realize voltage balance of input split capacitors. Finally, the circuit performance is confirmed and verified from the experiments with a 1.44 kW prototype.
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Böse, Holger, and Johannes Ehrlich. "Novel Adaptive Damping Systems Based on Magnetorheological Fluids." Advances in Science and Technology 77 (September 2012): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.77.86.

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Adaptive damping systems based on magnetorheological (MR) fluids allow the continuous control of vibration damping forces depending on the current conditions. In magnetorheological dampers known so far, the magnetic field for the control of the MR fluid is generated by the coil of an electromagnet. Two novel concepts for the magnetic circuit in magnetorheological dampers have been proven where hybrid magnetic circuits consisting of at least one permanent or hard magnet and an electromagnet are used. In the first concept, the electromagnet is combined with two permanent magnets, whose magnetization cannot be modified even by strong magnetic fields of the electromagnet. The main advantage of this configuration is the improved fail-safe behaviour of the damper in case of a power failure. In the second approach, the electromagnet is combined with a hard magnet, whose magnetization can be modified by the electromagnet. This configuration leads to high energy efficiency, because electric power is only required in short pulses for the switching of the hard magnet. Magnetic circuits with the combination of different magnetic field sources were designed supported by simulations of the magnetic flux distribution. Demonstration models for magnetorheological dampers with the distinguished magnetic circuits were constructed and their performances were tested. The results of the investigations are described in this contribution.
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Cheremukhin, Dmitry. "Calculation of pulse voltage stabilizer." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801055.

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This scientific article is devoted to one of the priority issues in electronics, namely the implementation of the engineering task of designing a power source. In my case, according to the terms of reference, which includes: the main parameters of the network, efficiency, a structural electrical circuit of a switching power supply was developed. In the process, the main functional units (blocks) were calculated and the choice of radio components from which they were built on the basis of: current values, reverse voltage, gain, operating frequency and other parameters of diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, Zener diodes, operational amplifiers was justified. In the “Methods” section, calculations will be made for the device blocks: a network rectifier, a push-pull transformer converter, a pre-amplifier circuit with a transformer input, an error signal comparison and amplification circuit, a sawtooth voltage generator, and a secondary power source. The information presented in the text is recommended to a narrow circle of specialists, priority in the field of power electronics, as well as in the field of communication systems.
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Mijarez, Rito, Angel Gomez, David Pascacio, Ivan Martinez, and Ricardo Guevara. "Down-hole switching-mode power supply using a remote CA start up pulse." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, HiTEC (January 1, 2016): 000180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016-hitec-180.

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Abstract The hydrocarbon industry leans heavily upon advanced technologies to extract oil and gas from greater depths and in harsher environments. The challenge to electronics manufacturers and designers is to make complex electronics work at the high temperatures, vibration, and extreme pressures encountered in these locations. Among the more critical electronic systems required for high temperature down-hole operations is high efficiency switching mode power supplies (SMPS). The use of high frequency switching permits not only decreasing the size of inductors and capacitors in the circuit design, but also obtaining typical power efficiencies up to 90%. Generally a SMPS is composed of a controller, a converter and silicon carbide (SiC) power switches. High temperature down-hole gauges operate with low voltages either 3.3V or 5.0V; however, wire-line surface power equipment utilizes higher voltages above 250 V CD. Hence, SMPS requires efficient power dissipation circuits to reduce the DC input voltage. This work describes a high temperature SMPS that has a DC input range from 150 V CD to 300 V CD, ± 6 V CD output voltages and 12 W total power. The SMPS design uses a CA start up pulse provided by a programmable surface power supply via a mono-conductor wire-line cable; subsequently, the SMPS sustains its operation by powering itself using one of the voltage outputs. The obtained laboratory tests results of the down-hole SMPS, using changes in temperature from 25 °C – 200 °C, provide a firm basis for testing and evaluating the DC-CD power supply in high temperature gauges in the field.
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Messaoud, Mayouf, and Bakhti Haddi. "Optimum Parametric Identification of a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System with Battery Storage and Optimization Controller Using Averaging Approach." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540108.

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The dimensioning of photovoltaic systems is the major concern of researchers and power industry practitioners. This aims to improve energy efficiency and protect the conversion units by a consistent assessment of power conditioning circuits and interconnections for the PV application. In this context, this paper sets out to fulfill detailed modeling and control steps of a standalone photovoltaic (PV) power system with energy storage, according to practical specifications of the load, PV generation unit, and battery pack. The main goal is to estimate all unknown parameters, as the diode ideality factor and revers saturation current, the controller, and the PV link. The PV link interfacing the PV source circuit to the PV-side converter (PVSC) provides a filtering function to maintain a steady voltage at the link. The charge controller used in the PV-side converter is a DC/DC buck converter. It transfers the PV power to the battery and supplies the load. Using pulse- width modulation (PWM) technical, of which the switching duty cycle is the control-input variable; the PVSC power-conditioning circuit is permanently controlled by the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to achieve the maximum energy. The battery pack voltage is properly maintained by the charge controller and specified to match the load voltage rating, to avoid a high ratio of voltage conversion. A method is proposed to integrate both the MPPT function and the battery cycle charge. The PV generator output and the power conditioning circuits, mainly constructed from switching- mode power converters, are nonlinear. An averaged model is then derived for dynamic analysis and controller synthesis, using the state-space averaging and linearization method. A PV array of nine PV modules configured into three strings is used in this application to demonstrate the effectiveness of modeling, design, control, and simulation. Simulation model for the controller and power interface is built and developed in short term, using the fundamental blocks of Matlab Simulink.
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Carlson, Eric P., Daniel W. Cunningham, Yan Zhi Xu, and Isik C. Kizilyalli. "Power Electronic Devices and Systems Based on Bulk GaN Substrates." Materials Science Forum 924 (June 2018): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.924.799.

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Wide-bandgap power semiconductor devices offer enormous energy efficiency gains in a wide range of potential applications. As silicon-based semiconductors are fast approaching their performance limits for high power requirements, wide-bandgap semiconductors such as gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) with their superior electrical properties are likely candidates to replace silicon in the near future. Along with higher blocking voltages wide-bandgap semiconductors offer breakthrough relative circuit performance enabling low losses, high switching frequencies, and high temperature operation. ARPA-E’s SWITCHES program, started in 2014, set out to catalyze the development of vertical GaN devices using innovations in materials and device architectures to achieve three key aggressive targets: 1200V breakdown voltage (BV), 100A single-die diode and transistor current, and a packaged device cost of no more than ȼ10/A. The program is drawing to a close by the end of 2017 and while no individual project has yet to achieve all the targets of the program, they have made tremendous advances and technical breakthroughs in vertical device architecture and materials development. GaN crystals have been grown by the ammonothermal technique and 2-inch GaN wafers have been fabricated from them. Near theoretical, high-voltage (1700-4000V) and high current (up to 400A pulsed) vertical GaN diodes have been demonstrated along with innovative vertical GaN transistor structures capable of high voltage (800-1500V) and low RON (0.36-2.6 mΩ-cm2). The challenge of selective area doping, needed in order to move to higher voltage transistor devices has been identified. Furthermore, a roadmap has been developed that will allow high voltage/current vertical GaN devices to reach ȼ5/A to ȼ7/A, realizing functional cost parity with high voltage silicon power transistors.
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Guzman Iturra, Rodrigo, and Peter Thiemann. "Asymmetrical Three-Level Inverter SiC-Based Topology for High Performance Shunt Active Power Filter." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010141.

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Power quality conditioner systems, such as shunt active power filters (SAPFs), are typically required to have low power losses, high-power density, and to produce no electromagnetic interference to other devices connected to the grid. At the present, power converters with such a features are built using multilevel topologies based on pure silicon semiconductors. However, recently new semiconductors that offer massive reduction of power losses such as silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs have been introduced into the power electronics field. In the near future, the applications that demand the highest performance will be powered by multilevel converters based on SiC. In this paper a highly efficient three-level (3L) topology based entirely on silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors for a SAPF is presented and analyzed in great detail. Furthermore, the proposed topology is compared with other full SiC-based conventional topologies: two level (2L), three-level T-type (3L-TNPC), and three-level neutral-point-clamped (3L-NPC) in terms of efficiency. The proposed asymmetrical topology has an efficiency superior to conventional all SiC 2L and 3L power circuits when the pulse or switching frequency of the system is set higher than 60 kHz. Further, for high current ratings, the asymmetrical topology has the advantage that it can be built just by cascading two half-bridge SiC modules.
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Humphries, Stanley. "Simulations of longitudinal instabilities in ion induction linear accelerators." Laser and Particle Beams 10, no. 3 (September 1992): 511–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600006765.

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This article describes computer simulations of a longitudinal instability that affects induction linear accelerators for high-power ion beams. The instability is driven by axial bunching of ions when they interact with acceleration gaps connected to input transmission lines. The process is similar to the longitudinal resistive wall instability in continuous systems. Although bunching instabilities do not appear in existing induction linear accelerators for electrons, they may be important for proposed ion accelerators for heavy ion fusion. The simulation code is a particle-in-cell model that describes a drifting beam crossing discrete acceleration gaps with a self-consistent calculation of axial space charge forces. In present studies with periodic boundaries, the model predicts values for quantities such as the stabilizing axial velocity spread that are in good agreement with analytic theories. The simulations describe the nonlinear growth of the instability and its saturation with increased axial emittance. They show that an initially cold beam is subject to a severe disruption that drives the emittance well above the stabilized saturation levels. The simulation results confirm that axial space charge forces do not reduce axial beam bunching. In fact, space charge effects increase the axial velocity spread required for stability. With simple resistive driving circuits, the model predicts velocity spreads that are too high for heavy ion fusion applications. Several processes currently under study may mitigate this result, including advanced pulsed power switching methods, enhanced gap capacitance, and an energy spread impressed between individual beams of a multibeam transport system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Switching circuits. Pulsed power systems"

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Kemp, Mark A. "Simulation and experimental study of the multichanneling rimfire gas switch." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4281.

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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (July 10, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
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Hancock, Christopher Paul. "Pulsed field systems for analysing the switching processes in particulate recording media." Thesis, Bangor University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283795.

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Enache, Mugurel Catalin. "Numerical modelling and optical measurements for pulsed power systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33116.

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This thesis illustrates a typical situation in which theoretical considerations and predictions are used to enhance the value of an experimental investigation. The body of the thesis is in two main parts, the first of which considers the two-dimensional modelling of representative pulsed-power systems while the second describes a number of valuable experimental tools that were developed for use in investigating the experimental behaviour of such systems.
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Choi, Byungcho. "Dynamics and control of switchmode power conversions in distributed power systems." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-171616/.

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Fan, Philex Ming-Yan. "Power management and power conditioning integrated circuits for near-field wireless power transfer." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290143.

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Near-field wireless power transfer (WPT) technology facilitates the energy autonomy of heterogeneous systems, significantly augmenting complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor (CMOS) technology. In low-power wearable devices, existing power conditioning integrated circuits do not maximize the power factor (PF) for rectification and power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to multiple conversion. Additionally, there is no core power management for the entire power flow. The majority of the research focuses on active rectifiers, which reduce the turn-on voltage for rectification. Certain studies target the output voltage regulation via feedback to the transmitter or direct battery charging without power maximization. Firstly, this study investigates a high-power factor WPT front-end circuit that is namely the mono-periodic switching rectifier (MPSR) and implemented in a 0.18µm 1.8V/5V CMOS process. Integrated phase synchronizers are used to align the waveshape of a wirelessly-coupled sinusoidal voltage source in a receiving coil to the corresponding conducting current. Using this approach, the PF can be increased from roughly 0.6 to unity without requiring any wireless or wired feedback to the transmitter. The proposed MPSR can also provide AC-DC rectification, and step up and down the sinusoidal voltage source's peak amplitude using a pulse-width modulator. Measured voltage conversion ratios range between 0.73X and 2X, and the PF can be boosted up to unity. Secondly, the wireless power system-on-chip (WPower-SoC) is proposed and implemented in a 0.18µm 1.8V/3.3V CMOS process. The WPower-SoC integrating power management can provide rectification, output voltage regulation, and battery charging. Additionally, the implementation of feedforward envelope detection (FED) can reduce the variation in a wireless power link and improve load transient responses. Simulated results demonstrate that 5% of the output voltage regulation is improved when an output load changes. Moreover, the FED reduces approximately 40% of the transient response time. Overshoot and undershoot voltages are decreased by 23% and 26.5%, respectively. The measured output voltage regulates at 3.42V and can supply output power up to 342mW. A temperature sensor as part of the power management core remains active when the WPT receivers enter sleep mode to prolong the battery usage time. In the final part of this study, a nano-watt high-accuracy temperature sensing core is implemented in a 0.18µm 1.8V/3.3V CMOS process that can self-compensate the temperature shift without the need for additional compensating techniques that consume extra power.
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Perkins, Brian Kenneth. "Dynamic modelling of thyristor-based static switching circuits with application to power systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ28037.pdf.

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Sullivan, Dustin L. Kovaleski Scott D. "Laser target triggering of gas switches." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5670.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on October 5, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Scott Kovaleski. Includes bibliographical references.
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Benwell, Andrew L. "Flashover prevention on polystyrene high voltage insulators in a vacuum." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5018.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 18, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Keskar, Neeraj. "High bandwidth wide LC-Resr compliant sigma-delta boost DC-DC switching converters." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22530.

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In low power, battery-operated, portable applications, like cell phones, PDAs, digital cameras, etc., miniaturization at a low cost is a prominent driving factor behind product development and marketing efforts. As such, power supplies in portable applications must not only conform and adapt to their highly integrated on-chip and in-package environments but also, more intrinsically, respond quickly to fast load dumps to achieve and maintain high accuracy. The frequency-compensation network, however, limits speed and regulation performance because, in catering to all combinations of the output capacitor, its equivalent series resistance Resr, and the power inductor resulting from tolerance and modal design targets, it must compensate the worst-case condition and therefore restrain the performance of all other possible scenarios. Sigma-delta control, which addresses this issue in buck converters by easing its compensation requirements and offering one-cycle transient response, has not been able to simultaneously achieve high bandwidth, high accuracy, and wide LC-Resr compliance in boost (step-up) converters. This thesis investigates and presents techniques to achieve sigma-delta control in boost converters by essentially using explicit current and voltage control loops. The proposed techniques are developed conceptually and analytical expressions for stability range and transient response are derived. The proposed concepts are validated and quantified through PCB and IC prototypes to yield 1.41 to 6 times faster transient response than the state of the art in current-mode boost supplies, and this without any compromise in LC-Resr compliance range.
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Hutsel, Brian T. Kovaleski Scott D. "Runtime and jitter of a laser triggered gas switch." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5783.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on September 24, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Scott Kovaleski. Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "Switching circuits. Pulsed power systems"

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Ioinovici, Adrian. Power electronics and energy conversion systems. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

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Transient electronics: Pulsed circuit technology. New York: J. Wiley, 2001.

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Fribourg, Laurent. Control of switching systems by invariance analysis: Application to power electronics. London: ISTE, 2013.

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Vilamitjana, Enric Rodríguez. Chaos in Switching Converters for Power Management: Designing for Prediction and Control. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013.

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Mesi͡at͡s, G. A. Impulʹsnai͡a ėnergetika i ėlektronika. Moskva: Nauka, 2004.

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Nelms, R. M. Design of power electronics for TVC & EMA systems: Final report. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Smith, Paul W. Transient Electronics: Pulsed Circuit Technology. Wiley, 2002.

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Smith, Paul W. Transient Electronics: Pulsed Circuit Technology. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2011.

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Fribourg, Laurent, and Romain Soulat. Control of Switching Systems by Invariance Analysis: Applcation to Power Electronics. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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Fribourg, Laurent, and Romain Soulat. Control of Switching Systems by Invariance Analysis: Applcation to Power Electronics. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Switching circuits. Pulsed power systems"

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Makdisie, Carlo Joseph, and Marah Fadl Mariam. "Applied Power Electronics." In Handbook of Research on New Solutions and Technologies in Electrical Distribution Networks, 322–61. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1230-2.ch017.

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Power Electronics is the study of switching electronic devices and circuits to convert and control the flow of electrical energy. Power Electronics is the basic technology of switching power supplies, power converters, power inverters, motor drives, and motor soft starters. Inverters are devices that transform DC input into fixed AC output through changing the trigger angle, in the ideal statues the output wave form is perfect sine wave, however in the practical case it has some higher harmonics that need to be reduced. Inverters are an important part of UPS systems, fully explained in this chapter, where UPSs are uninterruptible Power Supply in which the inverters are included as an essential part, that can provide emergency power to a load when the input power source or main power source fails.
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Conference papers on the topic "Switching circuits. Pulsed power systems"

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Luo, Feng, and Dongsheng Ma. "An Integrated Switching Power Converter with a Hybrid Pulse-Train/PWM Control." In 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2007.378396.

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Geng, Shuli, Woogeun Rhee, and Zhihua Wang. "A pulse-shaped power amplifier with dynamic bias switching for IR-UWB transmitters." In 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2012. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2012.6271817.

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Oldham, Kenn, Biju Edamana, and Bongsu Hahn. "Low-Power Control Strategies for Thin-Film Piezoelectric Micro-Robotic Actuators." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1421.

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Three low-power control strategies for piezoelectric actuators based on on-off or related switching control approaches are described. These strategies are targeted for leg actuation in autonomous micro-robots, where available power is severely constrained, below the power level that more conventional analog or pulse-width-modulation drive circuitry, switching rates, and/or sampling frequency would require. The first strategy optimizes the sequence of ‘on’ and ‘off’ transitions over a finite number of steps to minimize actuator energy while ensuring that a system moves to a desired set of final states. Transitions are selected via convex optimization by binary programming. The second strategy optimizes a set of commands to a drive circuit including charge recovery components to improve both power consumption and positioning accuracy, with optimal transitions chosen using mixed integer quadratic programming. The third strategy is proposed to account for modeling error using step to step adaptation of input sequences with limited sensor measurements.
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Katz, Allan A., and James D. Van de Ven. "Design of a High-Speed On-Off Valve." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11189.

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On-off control of hydraulic circuits enables significant improvements in efficiency compared with throttling valve control. A key enabling technology to on-off control is an efficient high-speed on-off valve. This paper documents the design of an on-off hydraulic valve that minimizes input power requirements and increases operating frequency over existing technology by utilizing a continuously rotating valve design. This is accomplished through use of spinning port discs, which divides the flow into pulses, with the relative phase between these discs determining the pulse duration. A mathematical model for determining system efficiency is developed with a focus on the throttling, leakage, compressibility, and viscous friction power losses of the valve. Parameters affecting these losses were optimized to produce the most efficient design under the chosen disc-style architecture. Using these optimum parameter values, a first generation prototype valve was developed and experimental data collected. The experimental valve matched predicted output pressure and flows well, but suffered from larger than expected torque requirements and leakage. In addition, due to motor limitations, the valve was only able to achieve a 64Hz switching frequency versus the designed 100Hz frequency. Future research will focus on improving the prototype valve and improving the analytical model based on the experimental results.
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Vasic, Dejan, Yuan-Ping Liu, and François Costa. "Comparison of Piezoelectric Structural Damping Based on Velocity Controlled Switching and Pulse Width Modulation Switching Circuits." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86521.

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Two novel piezoelectric damping techniques (VSD and PWMD) are compared in this paper to the traditional resonant shunt damping technique and SSDV technique. In VSD, the switching shunt circuit turns ON or OFF according to the polarity of the vibration velocity of the host structure to shift the piezoelectric voltage phase. An external voltage source is connected to enlarge the voltage amplitude across the piezoelectric element and to optimize the dissipated power. The PWM shunt technique not only can decrease the audible noises more efficiently but also ensure the stability of the control system with a constant voltage source. The theoretical and the experimental results show that the piezoelectric voltage can be adaptive to the vibration displacement by the pulse widths variation, so the PWMD can stay in stable state with a constant voltage source and can still provide a very good performance.
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Zhu, Yiying I., Timothy L. Hall, and Oliver D. Kripfgans. "Programmable Ultrasound Phased Array Therapy System." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3370.

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There has been an emerging interest in high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for therapeutic applications. By means of its thermal or mechanical effects, HIFU is able to serve as a direct tool for tissue ablation, or an indirect moderating medium to manipulate microbubbles or perform heating (hyperthermia) for the purpose of targeted drug delivery. The development and testing of HIFU based phased arrays is favorable as their elements allow for individual phasing to steer and focus the beam. While FDA has already approved tissue ablation by HIFU for the treatment of uterine fibroids (2004) and pain from bone metastases (2012), development continues on other possible applications that are less forgiving of incomplete treatment, such as thermal necrosis of malignant masses. Ideally, each element, of such an array must have its own fully programmable electrical driving channel, which allows the control of delay, phase, and amplitude of the output from each element. To enable full control, each channel needs a waveform generator, an amplification device, and an impedance matching circuit between driver and acoustic element. Similar projects utilizing this approach to drive therapeutic arrays include a 512-channel therapy system which was built at the University of Michigan using low cost Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) microcontroller and highly efficient MOSFET switching amplifiers [1]. However, this system lacks the ability to drive both, continuous wave (CW) and transient short duty-cycle high power pulses. This paper presents a hybrid system, which is able to perform CW and transient short duty-cycle high power excitation. In the following we will describe the design, programming, fabrication, and evaluation of this radiofrequency (RF) driver system as used in our laboratory for a 1.5 MHz center frequency, 298-element array (Imasonic SA, Besancon, France) [2], FPGA-controlled amplifier boards and matching circuitry. Advantages of our design include: 1. Inexpensive components (<$15/channel); 2. Ability to program/drive individual output channels independently; 3. Sufficient time and amplitude resolution for various acoustic pattern design; 4. Capability of hybrid switching between low power CW and short duty cycle, high instantaneous power.
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Forbes, Tyler D., and James D. Van de Ven. "Switch-Mode Continuously Variable Transmission With Flywheel Energy Storage." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67685.

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A hybrid drive train significantly improves energy efficiency of ground vehicles. While numerous auxiliary hybrid power sources have been researched, few are capable of the energy and power density of a flywheel coupled with a continuously variable mechanical transmission. The primary challenge of a flywheel hybrid system is a transmission capable of coupling a high speed flywheel to the drive train of the vehicle. A novel solution to this challenge is a switch-mode continuously variable transmission that utilizes a rapidly switching clutch to transmit power. This system, the mechanical analog of a DC-DC boost converter circuit, utilizes a flywheel, a high frequency clutch, an anti-reversing ratchet, and a spring to vary the output torque. The switch-mode continuously variable transmission is demonstrated through an idealized finite difference model, created from the dynamic system of equations. The model is used to demonstrate the system behavior in a passenger car subjected to road loads in various conditions. The output of the model demonstrates pulses in the output torque as a result of the rapidly switching clutch. This output ripple in is smoothed to an acceptable level by the torsion spring. From this preliminary analysis the on-off continuously variable transmission offers an efficient, energy dense, and power dense hybrid vehicle drive train alternative.
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Tormo, Albert Garciai, Alberto Poveda, Eduard Alarcon, Henk Jan Bergveld, Berry Buter, and Ravi Karadi. "An enhanced switching policy for buck-derived multi-level switching power amplifiers." In 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2010. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2010.5537945.

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Wu, Jian-Hua, Wei He, Jian Li, and XinKe Liu. "GaN High Frequency Small Switching Power Module." In 2020 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Circuits and Systems (ICCS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccs51219.2020.9336614.

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Bertoni, Nicola, Stefano Bocchi, Mauro Mangia, Fabio Pareschi, Riccardo Rovatti, and Gianluca Setti. "Ripple-based power-line communication in switching DC-DC converters exploiting switching frequency modulation." In 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2015.7168607.

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