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1
OGUNNIYI, ADERINTO, and HEATHER O'BRIEN. "PULSE EVALUATION AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF 4H-SiC SGTO MODULES." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 20, no. 03 (September 2011): 441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156411006738.
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Army applications require power components that are utilized in pulsed power systems to be reliable and durable, compact, have high power and energy density, and lastly, to be easily integrated into combat vehicles. The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is currently investigating silicon carbide Super-gate turn-off thyristors ( SiC SGTOs) to meet the future pulsed power system requirements for the Army. ARL's methodology is to evaluate the device performance in pulsed power circuits that emulate the electrical stresses that the power devices would encounter in a pulsed power system. Each module being evaluated utilized four 0.6 cm2 SiC SGTOs. The packaging design for the module utilizes ThinPak technology. The module has reliably been pulsed over 2000 times at peak currents greater than 8 kA with a pulse width of 170 μs. The module has also been pulsed greater than 3.6 kA at a pulse width of 1 ms, corresponding to an action rate of 7000 A2s and a current density of 2.5 kA/cm2 over the cathode mesa area. This work evaluates SiC SGTO modules under various pulsed conditions. This paper includes details on device structure, module package design, and module pulsed switching and reliability.
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Tang, Li-Chuan, Shyr-Long Jeng, Edward-Yi Chang, and Wei-Hua Chieng. "Variable-Frequency Pulse Width Modulation Circuits for Resonant Wireless Power Transfer." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 3656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123656.
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In this paper, we develop a variable-frequency pulse width modulation (VFPWM) circuit for input control of 6.78-MHz resonant wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. The zero-voltage switching control relies on the adjustments of both duty cycle and switching frequency for the class-E amplifier used in the WPT as the power transmission unit. High-frequency pulse wave modulation integrated circuits exist, but some have insufficiently high frequency or unfavorable resolution for duty cycle tuning. The novelty of this work is the VFPWM circuit design that we put together. A voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) of radio frequency and capacitor-coupled difference amplifiers are used to simultaneously perform the frequency and duty cycle tuning required in resonant WPT applications. Different circuit topologies of VFPWM are compared analytically and numerically. The most favorable circuit topology, enabling independent control of the frequency and duty cycle, is employed in experiments. The experimental results demonstrate the validity of the novel VFPWM, which is capable of operating at 6.78 MHz and has a duty ratio adjustable from 20% to 45% of the range applicable in the resonant WPT applications.
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Lin, Bor-Ren. "Soft Switching DC Converter for Medium Voltage Applications." Electronics 7, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7120449.
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A dc-dc converter with asymmetric pulse-width modulation is presented for medium voltage applications, such as three-phase ac-dc converters, dc microgrid systems, or dc traction systems. To overcome high voltage stress on primary side and high current rating on secondary side, three dc-dc circuits with primary-series secondary-parallel structure are employed in the proposed converter. Current doubler rectifiers are used on the secondary side to achieve low ripple current on output side. Asymmetric pulse-width modulation is adopted to realize soft switching operation for power switches for wide load current operation and achieve high circuit efficiency. Current balancing cells with magnetic component are used on the primary side to achieve current balance in each circuit cell. The voltage balance capacitors are also adopted on primary side to realize voltage balance of input split capacitors. Finally, the circuit performance is confirmed and verified from the experiments with a 1.44 kW prototype.
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Böse, Holger, and Johannes Ehrlich. "Novel Adaptive Damping Systems Based on Magnetorheological Fluids." Advances in Science and Technology 77 (September 2012): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.77.86.
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Adaptive damping systems based on magnetorheological (MR) fluids allow the continuous control of vibration damping forces depending on the current conditions. In magnetorheological dampers known so far, the magnetic field for the control of the MR fluid is generated by the coil of an electromagnet. Two novel concepts for the magnetic circuit in magnetorheological dampers have been proven where hybrid magnetic circuits consisting of at least one permanent or hard magnet and an electromagnet are used. In the first concept, the electromagnet is combined with two permanent magnets, whose magnetization cannot be modified even by strong magnetic fields of the electromagnet. The main advantage of this configuration is the improved fail-safe behaviour of the damper in case of a power failure. In the second approach, the electromagnet is combined with a hard magnet, whose magnetization can be modified by the electromagnet. This configuration leads to high energy efficiency, because electric power is only required in short pulses for the switching of the hard magnet. Magnetic circuits with the combination of different magnetic field sources were designed supported by simulations of the magnetic flux distribution. Demonstration models for magnetorheological dampers with the distinguished magnetic circuits were constructed and their performances were tested. The results of the investigations are described in this contribution.
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Cheremukhin, Dmitry. "Calculation of pulse voltage stabilizer." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801055.
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This scientific article is devoted to one of the priority issues in electronics, namely the implementation of the engineering task of designing a power source. In my case, according to the terms of reference, which includes: the main parameters of the network, efficiency, a structural electrical circuit of a switching power supply was developed. In the process, the main functional units (blocks) were calculated and the choice of radio components from which they were built on the basis of: current values, reverse voltage, gain, operating frequency and other parameters of diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, Zener diodes, operational amplifiers was justified. In the “Methods” section, calculations will be made for the device blocks: a network rectifier, a push-pull transformer converter, a pre-amplifier circuit with a transformer input, an error signal comparison and amplification circuit, a sawtooth voltage generator, and a secondary power source. The information presented in the text is recommended to a narrow circle of specialists, priority in the field of power electronics, as well as in the field of communication systems.
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Mijarez, Rito, Angel Gomez, David Pascacio, Ivan Martinez, and Ricardo Guevara. "Down-hole switching-mode power supply using a remote CA start up pulse." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, HiTEC (January 1, 2016): 000180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016-hitec-180.
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Abstract The hydrocarbon industry leans heavily upon advanced technologies to extract oil and gas from greater depths and in harsher environments. The challenge to electronics manufacturers and designers is to make complex electronics work at the high temperatures, vibration, and extreme pressures encountered in these locations. Among the more critical electronic systems required for high temperature down-hole operations is high efficiency switching mode power supplies (SMPS). The use of high frequency switching permits not only decreasing the size of inductors and capacitors in the circuit design, but also obtaining typical power efficiencies up to 90%. Generally a SMPS is composed of a controller, a converter and silicon carbide (SiC) power switches. High temperature down-hole gauges operate with low voltages either 3.3V or 5.0V; however, wire-line surface power equipment utilizes higher voltages above 250 V CD. Hence, SMPS requires efficient power dissipation circuits to reduce the DC input voltage. This work describes a high temperature SMPS that has a DC input range from 150 V CD to 300 V CD, ± 6 V CD output voltages and 12 W total power. The SMPS design uses a CA start up pulse provided by a programmable surface power supply via a mono-conductor wire-line cable; subsequently, the SMPS sustains its operation by powering itself using one of the voltage outputs. The obtained laboratory tests results of the down-hole SMPS, using changes in temperature from 25 °C – 200 °C, provide a firm basis for testing and evaluating the DC-CD power supply in high temperature gauges in the field.
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Messaoud, Mayouf, and Bakhti Haddi. "Optimum Parametric Identification of a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System with Battery Storage and Optimization Controller Using Averaging Approach." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540108.
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The dimensioning of photovoltaic systems is the major concern of researchers and power industry practitioners. This aims to improve energy efficiency and protect the conversion units by a consistent assessment of power conditioning circuits and interconnections for the PV application. In this context, this paper sets out to fulfill detailed modeling and control steps of a standalone photovoltaic (PV) power system with energy storage, according to practical specifications of the load, PV generation unit, and battery pack. The main goal is to estimate all unknown parameters, as the diode ideality factor and revers saturation current, the controller, and the PV link. The PV link interfacing the PV source circuit to the PV-side converter (PVSC) provides a filtering function to maintain a steady voltage at the link. The charge controller used in the PV-side converter is a DC/DC buck converter. It transfers the PV power to the battery and supplies the load. Using pulse- width modulation (PWM) technical, of which the switching duty cycle is the control-input variable; the PVSC power-conditioning circuit is permanently controlled by the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to achieve the maximum energy. The battery pack voltage is properly maintained by the charge controller and specified to match the load voltage rating, to avoid a high ratio of voltage conversion. A method is proposed to integrate both the MPPT function and the battery cycle charge. The PV generator output and the power conditioning circuits, mainly constructed from switching- mode power converters, are nonlinear. An averaged model is then derived for dynamic analysis and controller synthesis, using the state-space averaging and linearization method. A PV array of nine PV modules configured into three strings is used in this application to demonstrate the effectiveness of modeling, design, control, and simulation. Simulation model for the controller and power interface is built and developed in short term, using the fundamental blocks of Matlab Simulink.
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Carlson, Eric P., Daniel W. Cunningham, Yan Zhi Xu, and Isik C. Kizilyalli. "Power Electronic Devices and Systems Based on Bulk GaN Substrates." Materials Science Forum 924 (June 2018): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.924.799.
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Wide-bandgap power semiconductor devices offer enormous energy efficiency gains in a wide range of potential applications. As silicon-based semiconductors are fast approaching their performance limits for high power requirements, wide-bandgap semiconductors such as gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) with their superior electrical properties are likely candidates to replace silicon in the near future. Along with higher blocking voltages wide-bandgap semiconductors offer breakthrough relative circuit performance enabling low losses, high switching frequencies, and high temperature operation. ARPA-E’s SWITCHES program, started in 2014, set out to catalyze the development of vertical GaN devices using innovations in materials and device architectures to achieve three key aggressive targets: 1200V breakdown voltage (BV), 100A single-die diode and transistor current, and a packaged device cost of no more than ȼ10/A. The program is drawing to a close by the end of 2017 and while no individual project has yet to achieve all the targets of the program, they have made tremendous advances and technical breakthroughs in vertical device architecture and materials development. GaN crystals have been grown by the ammonothermal technique and 2-inch GaN wafers have been fabricated from them. Near theoretical, high-voltage (1700-4000V) and high current (up to 400A pulsed) vertical GaN diodes have been demonstrated along with innovative vertical GaN transistor structures capable of high voltage (800-1500V) and low RON (0.36-2.6 mΩ-cm2). The challenge of selective area doping, needed in order to move to higher voltage transistor devices has been identified. Furthermore, a roadmap has been developed that will allow high voltage/current vertical GaN devices to reach ȼ5/A to ȼ7/A, realizing functional cost parity with high voltage silicon power transistors.
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Guzman Iturra, Rodrigo, and Peter Thiemann. "Asymmetrical Three-Level Inverter SiC-Based Topology for High Performance Shunt Active Power Filter." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010141.
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Power quality conditioner systems, such as shunt active power filters (SAPFs), are typically required to have low power losses, high-power density, and to produce no electromagnetic interference to other devices connected to the grid. At the present, power converters with such a features are built using multilevel topologies based on pure silicon semiconductors. However, recently new semiconductors that offer massive reduction of power losses such as silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs have been introduced into the power electronics field. In the near future, the applications that demand the highest performance will be powered by multilevel converters based on SiC. In this paper a highly efficient three-level (3L) topology based entirely on silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors for a SAPF is presented and analyzed in great detail. Furthermore, the proposed topology is compared with other full SiC-based conventional topologies: two level (2L), three-level T-type (3L-TNPC), and three-level neutral-point-clamped (3L-NPC) in terms of efficiency. The proposed asymmetrical topology has an efficiency superior to conventional all SiC 2L and 3L power circuits when the pulse or switching frequency of the system is set higher than 60 kHz. Further, for high current ratings, the asymmetrical topology has the advantage that it can be built just by cascading two half-bridge SiC modules.
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Humphries, Stanley. "Simulations of longitudinal instabilities in ion induction linear accelerators." Laser and Particle Beams 10, no. 3 (September 1992): 511–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600006765.
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This article describes computer simulations of a longitudinal instability that affects induction linear accelerators for high-power ion beams. The instability is driven by axial bunching of ions when they interact with acceleration gaps connected to input transmission lines. The process is similar to the longitudinal resistive wall instability in continuous systems. Although bunching instabilities do not appear in existing induction linear accelerators for electrons, they may be important for proposed ion accelerators for heavy ion fusion. The simulation code is a particle-in-cell model that describes a drifting beam crossing discrete acceleration gaps with a self-consistent calculation of axial space charge forces. In present studies with periodic boundaries, the model predicts values for quantities such as the stabilizing axial velocity spread that are in good agreement with analytic theories. The simulations describe the nonlinear growth of the instability and its saturation with increased axial emittance. They show that an initially cold beam is subject to a severe disruption that drives the emittance well above the stabilized saturation levels. The simulation results confirm that axial space charge forces do not reduce axial beam bunching. In fact, space charge effects increase the axial velocity spread required for stability. With simple resistive driving circuits, the model predicts velocity spreads that are too high for heavy ion fusion applications. Several processes currently under study may mitigate this result, including advanced pulsed power switching methods, enhanced gap capacitance, and an energy spread impressed between individual beams of a multibeam transport system.
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Kodama, Motoi, and Shinichiro Haruyama. "Delta-Sigma Modulated Visible Light Communication Illumination System Using a Projector with the Digital Micro-Mirror Device." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 5512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245512.
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There is a unique transmission method of visible light communication (VLC) that can transmit multiple data in multiple directions simultaneously by using a projector with the digital micro-mirror device (DMD). Previously, we proposed a method of transmitting data from the projector that transmits digitally modulated VLC signal from each pixel, and in this paper, we propose an extension of the method to transmit audio signal by using a special type of modulation called delta-sigma-modulation (DSM). The DSM-VLC system employs a simple receiver that comprises simple analog electric circuits, which contribute to low power consumption. We made a DSM-VLC prototype and verified that the prototype was able to send four different waves to different directions. Additionally, the experiments’ results agree very well with the simulation results. Furthermore, we designed two types of DSM: pulse width modulation (PWM) and pulse density modulation (PDM), and we verified that the PDM-VLC is better than the PWM-VLC regarding the DMD switching frequency’s efficiency. Our proposed DSM-VLC can be used for such applications as voice information guidance systems with direction-selective messages.
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Makarov, Stanislav V., Alexander Vladimirovish Myatez, and Vitali D. Suslyakov. "Switching Converters Development Systems for Electrostart Diesel Engine Start." Applied Mechanics and Materials 792 (September 2015): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.792.529.
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The article presents the research aimed at improving the efficiency of the diesel engines running. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing systems of the starter starting systems of diesel locomotives are considered. Brainstorming ideas on the issue of the calculation and selection of the alternative circuitry power circuit pulse converter starting system of diesel engines are described in the paper. An example of calculating the regulating characteristics of the pulse converter and the efficiency of the proposed circuit design is reported.
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Chen, Zhiwen, Yingying Yan, Jun Shu, Kefu Liu, and Jian Qiu. "Modulated High Power and Narrow Pulse Width Laser Drive Circuit for Lidar System." Electronics 10, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070823.
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This manuscript introduces a laser drive circuit for a light detection and ranging (Lidar) system. A Lidar system usually requires its drive circuit to provide laser pulses with nanosecond pulse width, >100 W peak power and high repetition frequency. However, the existing research results show difficulties in meeting these requirements. In order to reduce the pulse width and increase the peak power of laser pulses, special circuit design and component selection are used to optimize the parasitic parameters of the drive circuit, and GaN devices are used to increase the switching speed. The characteristics of laser pulses are tested under different input voltage, pulse per second and switch conducting time. Meanwhile, the reasons for the changes in these characteristics are analyzed and explained. In order to meet the requirements of the Lidar system to detect targets at different distances, a modulation method to change the peak power of the laser pulse is proposed. In our experiment, ideally, the peak power of the laser pulse reaches 135 W, and the pulse width is less than 2 ns at a pulse per second rate of 400 kHz.
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Kotsur, I. M., A. V. Hurazda, B. A. Dolia, and L. E. Shestov. "An energy efficient electric drive of air units." Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6761-2021-1-2.
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Purpose. Improving the efficiency and energy performance of an asynchronous electric drive for stationary fan’s units of the main ventilation line of mines.
Methodology. The research was carried out using the methods of the theory of electrical circuits, mathematical physics, simulation, interpolation and approximation
Findings. The research of electromagnetic and energy processes in the asynchronous electric drive system with pulse control at a fan load, taking into account the variable aerodynamic parameters of the main ventilation line of mines. An electric drive system is able to respond with high accuracy and reliability to changes in the aerodynamic parameters of the main ventilation line of mines has been proven. This will also increase the power factor of the electric drive at a fan load up 0.8 to 0.93 p.u., and the efficiency up 92.5% to 94.5%, when regulating in the range of the operating slip of the rotor of the drive fan motor = 0.5 ÷, which, respectively, is on average up 0,25% to 40 higher in comparison with systems of an unregulated electric drive. Recommendations has been developed for the design and rational selection of the rated fan capacity for the main ventilation line to advance the best energy efficiency level of the electric drive.
Originality. The research of electro-mechanical, electro-energy power and aerodynamic processes in the dynamic modes of the fan electric drive was carried out. The fan-loaded "induction motor-converter" system has been proven to be self-regulating. It is able to respond with high accuracy and reliability even at low switching frequencies of the power chopper to any changes of the aerodynamic parameters of the main ventilation line of mines.
Practical value. Recommendations has been developed for the design and rational selection of the rated fan capacity for the main ventilation line to advance the best energy efficiency level of the electric drive.
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Rhee, M. J., T. A. Fine, and C. C. Kung. "Basic circuits for inductive‐energy pulsed power systems." Journal of Applied Physics 67, no. 9 (May 1990): 4333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344950.
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Azizi, M., J. J. van Oorschot, and T. Huiskamp. "Ultrafast Switching of SiC MOSFETs for High-Voltage Pulsed-Power Circuits." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 48, no. 12 (December 2020): 4262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2020.3039372.
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Ashraf, Naveed, Ghulam Abbas, Nasim Ullah, Ahmad Aziz Alahmadi, Ahmed Bilal Awan, Muhammad Zubair, and Umar Farooq. "A Simple Two-Stage AC-AC Circuit Topology Employed as High-Frequency Controller for Domestic Induction Heating System." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 8325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188325.
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The induction heating process at a domestic level is getting attention nowadays as this power converting topology ensures clean, reliable, flexible, and fast operation. The low input frequency is converted to required regulated high output frequency with indirect and direct power converting approaches. The circuit and control complexity and high conversion losses associated with indirect power converting approaches lower their uses for domestic induction systems. The direct ac-ac power conversion approach is one of the viable solutions for low and medium power level loads, especially for domestic induction heating loads. The circuit complexity, cost, and conversion losses of the direct power converting systems depend on the number of the controlled switching devices as each controlled switch requires one gate driving circuit and one isolated dc supply. Simplified pulse width modulation (PWM) switching control also lower their control effort. Therefore, in this article, a simplified direct ac-ac power converting approach is introduced for a high-frequency domestic induction heating system. Here, the regulation of the high output frequency is achieved by simply cascading the single-phase full-bridge rectifier with a full-bridge inverter with a simple control strategy. The characteristics of the developed topology are validated through simulation results of the Simulink-based platform and practical results of the developed practical setup.
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Pauzi, Gurum Ahmad, Diana Rahma, Sri Wahyu Suciyati, and Arif Surtono. "Rancang Bangun Prototipe Pengoptimal Charging Baterai pada Mobil Listrik dari Pembangkit Tenaga Surya dengan Menggunakan Sistem Boost Converter." Journal of Energy, Material, and Instrumentation Technology 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jemit.v1i2.19.
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In this research, the lithium-ion 48 Volt battery charging system's design was carried out on the prototype electric car using the boost converter tool. Boost converter consists of several circuit systems, namely oscillator circuit, trigger circuit, switching circuit, inductor, and DC output. IC TL 494 as pulse and frequency wave generator, used to regulate the switching process on the MOSFET circuit in the boost converter. This research was conducted by presenting variations in the inductor wire's diameter to determine the result of the current output used for the filling process by varying the diameter by 0.8 mm, 4 mm, and 8 mm. The number of wire twists used remains 5:27 and produces an output voltage boost converter of 54 Volts. The results showed the inductor wire's diameter affected the output of the boost converter and the length of battery charging time on the electric car. The length of time of battery draining at the wire's diameter is 0.8 mm, which is for 680 minutes, at the wire 4 mm diameter for 290 minutes, and at the diameter of the wire, 8 mm is for 400 minutes. The boost converter has the advantage of being more efficient in terms of dimensions, resulting in 3 times the voltage and power increase compared to the input voltage. The maximum panel input power of 14.5 Watts when added boost converter maximum power increased by 47.84 Watts.
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Bosco Raj, T. Ajith, R. Ramesh, J. R. Maglin, M. Vaigundamoorthi, I. William Christopher, C. Gopinath, and C. Yaashuwanth. "Grid Connected Solar PV System with SEPIC Converter Compared with Parallel Boost Converter Based MPPT." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/385720.
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The main objective of this work is to study the behaviour of the solar PV systems and model the efficient Grid-connected solar power system. The DC-DC MPPT circuit using chaotic pulse width modulation has been designed to track maximum power from solar PV module. The conversion efficiency of the proposed MPPT system is increased when CPWM is used as a control scheme. This paper also proposes a simplified multilevel (seven level) inverter for a grid-connected photovoltaic system. The primary goal of these systems is to increase the energy injected to the grid by keeping track of the maximum power point of the panel, by reducing the switching frequency, and by providing high reliability. The maximum power has been tracked experimentally. It is compared with parallel boost converter. Also this model is based on mathematical equations and is described through an equivalent circuit including a PV source with MPPT, a diode, a series resistor, a shunt resistor, and dual boost converter with active snubber circuit. This model can extract PV power and boost by using dual boost converter with active snubber. By using this method the overall system efficiency is improved thereby reducing the switching losses and cost.
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Song, Min-Sup, In-Ho Cho, and Jae-Bum Lee. "± 180° Discontinuous PWM for Single-Phase PWM Converter of High-Speed Railway Propulsion System." Energies 13, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071550.
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As high-capacity alternating current/direct current (ac/dc) power conversion systems, single-phase pulse-width modulation (PWM) converters used in high-speed railway propulsion systems adopt high-voltage Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) as switching elements. Due to their high breakdown voltage characteristics, the switching dynamics are inferior to those of low-voltage IGBTs and switching losses are more dominant than conduction losses despite operating at relatively low switching frequencies of hundreds to several kHz. To solve this problem, this paper proposes ± 180° discontinuous PWM (DPWM) suitable for a single-phase circuit. With the simple addition of offset voltages, the proposed DPWM method can be implemented easily and switching losses can be reduced by half by clamping the switching legs of the H-bridge converter to the positive or negative dc rail during every half cycle. In addition, temperature deviation between the power stacks can be minimized by using selective application of clamping modes. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed DPWM are verified through simulations and experiments of a prototype converter.
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Ezhilvannan, Parimalasundar, and Suresh Krishnan. "An Efficient Asymmetric Direct Current (DC) Source Configured Switched Capacitor Multi-level Inverter." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 53, no. 6 (December 23, 2020): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.530611.
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This paper is dealing about Switched Capacitor Multi-Level Inverter (SCMLI) circuit which is controlled by triangular multicarrier Sinewave Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique. The proposed SCMLI is powered from asymmetric DC source configuration to obtain multi-level output voltage by applying switching pulse to the main circuit from control circuit for switching operation. Fourteen switches and four capacitors are employing to do the proposed inversion operation in an effective way. Switching capacitors can perform boost operation to enhance voltage from the source level to the required level. Input DC from the asymmetric sources is converted to AC voltage for the application of consumers. This proposed conversion system is applicable for mainly in industrial and renewable energy-based energy conversion system because it can carry high output voltages. This proposed method gives about more efficiency. Also reduces switching losses in lower value, low conduction losses and capacitor ripple losses. The simulation model is analyzed in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform and the same validated in hardware results. The developed SCMLI structure is witness over other topologies for the power inversion process in the multi-level.
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Colak, Ilhami, Mehmet Demirtas, and Ersan Kabalci. "Design, optimisation and application of a resonant DC link inverter for solar energy systems." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 1761–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-06-2013-0200.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine diminish switching losses in a solar energy conversion system in order to utilise the full efficiency of a solar panel. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, a boost converter and a resonant DC link (RDCL) inverter are controlled by a microcontroller. The maximum power point tracker (MPPT) algorithm implemented for boost converter supplies to track maximum power point of solar panel. The Class D full-bridge resonant inverter (RI) that is considered to be supplied by boost converter is modeled and zero voltage switching operation is performed by controlling the inverter with sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) control scheme. The control algorithm is managed with a feedback detecting the current of the boost converter and the zero voltage levels of capacitor voltage in the resonant circuit. Findings – There are several control techniques have been proposed to reduce switching losses and harmonic contents in conventional or RDCL inverters. Solar panels are used in low power applications among other renewable energy sources. By considering that the efficiency parameter of an actual solar panels is around 14∼17 per cent, the switching losses occurred in energy conversion systems causes the efficiency are reduced. Originality/value – The proposed approach has been decreased the switching power losses owing to resonant DC link inverter while the developed MPPT algorithm provides to generate maximum power. This paper introduces a novel soft switching technique in solar energy applications in order to maximise the possible efficiency.
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Kim, Hak-Yun, Tae-Un Kim, and Ho-Yong Choi. "A Two-Channel High-Performance DC-DC Converter for Mobile AMOLED Display Based on the PWM–SPWM Dual-Mode Switching Method." Electronics 10, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172059.
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In this paper, we propose a design of a two-channel high-performance DC-DC converter that provides a positive voltage VPOS with a low ripple, and a negative voltage VNEG with high power efficiency, for the purpose of enhancing power efficiency and output ripple under light loads of 100 mA or less for mobile active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. The VPOS was designed as a boost converter using a novel input voltage variation reduction circuit (IVVRC), which rapidly changes the pulse width for input voltage fluctuations, using a feed-forward path. The VNEG was designed as an inverting buck–boost converter based on the pulse width modulation–set time variable pulse width modulation (PWM–SPWM) dual-mode switching method to enhance power efficiency, especially under light loads, and to reduce the overhead of the circuit configuration using a voltage-controlled oscillator. In addition, an adaptive dead-time using voltage detection of switching node (ADTVS) circuit was proposed to enhance power efficiency, which detects the voltage of the switching node at every cycle, and keeps the dead-time constant irrespective of changes in driving conditions. The proposed converter was fabricated with a chip size of 1.67 mm × 2.44 mm, using a 0.35 μm BCD process. Measurement results showed that the power efficiency of our converter was 72.9%~90.4% at 5 mA–100 mA light load output current, which is 2.7%~5.8% higher than the output of the previous converter. Furthermore, the output voltage ripple of VPOS and VNEG at 5 mA light load output current was 3.0 mV and 5.3 mV, respectively, which improved by 19% and 25% as compared to those of the previous converter, respectively.
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Gramatikov, Pavlin, Roumen Nedkov, and Doino Petkov. "Secondary power systems for videometric complex "Fregat"." Aerospace Research in Bulgaria 30 (2018): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/arb.v30.e11.
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The power supply for the video-spectrometric complex (VSC) "Fregat" is being considered. This secondary power supply systems have the following functions: Reception and switching of the voltages; Protection from overload and short circuit in the internal circuits and the exit circuits; Transformation of primary voltage in stabilized secondary voltages; Galvanically untethered secondary circuits by primary and Hull; Protection of the users from the electromagnetic noises; Provision of "Cold" and "Hot" reserve, etc. A set of technical documentation and test-measuring equipment for testing were created. Four sets of Secondary Power Systems for "Fregat" are designed and implemented for two flights to planet Mars.
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Chang, Chien-Hsuan, Chun-An Cheng, Hung-Liang Cheng, and Yen-Ting Wu. "An Active-Clamp Forward Inverter Featuring Soft Switching and Electrical Isolation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 4220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124220.
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Traditional photovoltaic (PV) grid-connection inverters with sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) control suffer the problem of buck-typed conversion. Additional line-frequency transformers or boost converters are required to step-up output voltage, leading to low system efficiency and high circuit complexity. Therefore, many flyback inverters with electrical isolation have been proposed by adopting a flyback converter to generate a rectified sine wave, and then connecting with a bridge unfolder to control polarity. However, all energy of a flyback inverter must be temporarily stored in the magnetizing inductor of transformer so that the efficiency and the out power are limited. This paper presents a high-efficiency active-clamp forward inverter with the features of zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and electrical isolation. The proposed inverter circuit is formed by adopting a forward converter to generate a rectified sine wave, and combining with the active-clamp circuit to reset the residual magnetic flux of the transformer. Due to the boost capability of the transformer, this inverter is suitable for the PV grid-connection power systems with wide input-voltage variation. The operation principles at steady-state are analyzed, and the mathematical equations for circuit design are conducted. Finally, a laboratory prototype is built as an illustration example according to proper analysis and design. Based on the experimental results, the feasibility and satisfactory performance of the proposed inverter circuit are verified.
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O'BRIEN, HEATHER, and M. GAIL KOEBKE. "PACKAGING AND WIDE-PULSE SWITCHING OF 4 MM × 4 MM SILICON CARBIDE GTOs." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 19, no. 01 (March 2009): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156409006230.
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The U. S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is investigating compact, energy-dense electronic components to realize high-power, vehicle-mounted survivability and lethality systems. These applications require switching components that are low in weight and volume, exhibit reliable performance, and are easy to integrate into the vehicles' systems. The devices reported here are 4 mm × 4 mm silicon carbide GTOs rated for 3000 V blocking. These devices were packaged at ARL for high pulse current capability, high voltage protection, and minimum package inductance. The GTOs were switched in a 1-ms half-sine, single-pulse discharge circuit to determine reliable peak current and recovery time (or Tq). The GTOs were repeatedly switched over 300 A peak (3.3 A/cm2 and an action of 60 A2s) with a recovery time of 20 µs. The switches were also evaluated for dV/dt immunity up to an instantaneous slope of 3 kV/ µs.
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ALARCÓN, EDUARD, GERARD VILLAR, and ALBERTO POVEDA. "CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUIT CONTROLLERS FOR SWITCHING POWER CONVERTERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 13, no. 04 (August 2004): 789–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126604001714.
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Two case examples of high-speed CMOS microelectronic implementations of high-performance controllers for switching power converters are presented. The design and implementation of a current-programmed controller and a general-purpose feedforward one-cycle controller are described. The integrated circuit controllers attain high-performance by means of using current-mode analog signal processing, hence allowing high switching frequencies that extend the operation margin compared to previous designs. Global layout-extracted transistor-level simulation results for 0.8 μm and 0.35 μm standard CMOS technologies confirm both the correct operation of the circuits in terms of bandwidth as well as their functionality for the control of switching power converters. The circuits may be used either as standalone IC controllers or as controller circuits that are technology-compatible with on-chip switching power converters and on-chip loads for future powered systems-on-chip.
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Wentzel, Andreas, Oliver Hilt, Joachim Würfl, and Wolfgang Heinrich. "A highly efficient GHz switching GaN-based synchronous buck converter module." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 10 (April 23, 2020): 945–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078720000380.
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AbstractThe paper presents a highly efficient GaN-based synchronous buck converter suitable for switching in the lower GHz range. The module includes a very compact 2-stage GaN half-bridge converter MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) for low parasitic inductances between switches and drivers and a hybrid output network with core-less inductors to avoid ferrite losses. At 1 GHz switching frequency the buck converter achieves with pulse-width modulated (PWM) input signals power loop conversion efficiencies up to 78% for 40 V operation and output voltages up to 33 V. For 100 MHz the power loop efficiencies peak at 87.5% for 14.5 W conversion to 25 V. By changing the output network to a 2nd order low-pass with 700 MHz cut-off frequency the module has been characterized for the use as a supply modulator in very broadband envelope tracking systems with modulation bandwidths of up to 500 MHz. For 1 GHz switching frequency the power-added efficiency peaks at 74% for a 90% duty-cycle PWM input signal. The novelty of this work is that for the first time a buck converter design proves highest flexibility supporting different applications from very compact DC converters to microwave power amplifier efficiency enhancement techniques as well as efficient high frequency switching up to 1 GHz.
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Rozegnał, Bartosz, Paweł Albrechtowicz, Dominik Mamcarz, Natalia Radwan-Pragłowska, and Artur Cebula. "The Short-Circuit Protections in Hybrid Systems with Low-Power Synchronous Generators." Energies 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010160.
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Single-phase short-circuits are most often faults in electrical systems. The analysis of this damage type is taken for backup power supply systems, from small power synchronous generators. For these hybrid installations, there is a need for standard protection devices, such as fuses or miniature circuit breaker (MCB) analysis. Experimental research mentioned that a typical protective apparatus in low-voltage installations, working correctly during supplying from the grid, does not guarantee fast off-switching, while short-circuits occur during supplication from the backup generator set. The analysis of single-phase short-circuits is executed both for current waveform character (including sub-transient and transient states) and the carried energy, to show the problems with the fuses and MCB usage, to protect circuits in installations fed in a hybrid way (from the grid and synchronous generator set).
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Denisov, Y. O., O. I. Denisov, and O. O. Bursala. "Synthesis of the digital regulator of the main contour of the three-circuit system of the linear electric drive of the working body of the mechanism of onboard aviation equipment." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 4 (July 29, 2021): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2021.4.05.
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Goal The purpose of the article is to further develop analytical methods for calculating and synthesizing power electronics systems with deep pulse width modulation (PWM). A three-circuit linear electric drive system for positioning the working body of the mechanism of onboard aircraft equipment, in which the linear electric motor is controlled from a pulse width converter (PWC), is considered. The power converter is included in the current loop. It has a noticeable effect on the level of current ripple, travel speed and positioning accuracy of the operating mechanism of a linear electric drive. Methodology. To analyze the processes in the current loop, a discrete transfer function of a pulse-width converter for PWM in the final zone and «in the large» is obtained on the basis of the statistical linearization of the modulation characteristics of the multi-loop PWM model. The modulation characteristic of each circuit of the model is obtained as a result of the Fourier series expansion in Walsh functions of the output voltage of the PWM during the PWM process. Statistical linearization of modulation characteristics is performed based on Hermite polynomials. Results. During the analysis, discrete transfer functions of closed current loops, velocity and open loop position were obtained, for which a digital controller was synthesized in the form of a recursive filter. Originality. The parameters of the regulator links are found, which make it possible to complete the transient process in four PWC switching periods with an overshoot of no more than 6 %. The analysis of the speed-optimized positioning process of a linear electric drive based on the LED AT 605TU motor is carried out. Practical significance. The purpose of the analysis was to establish the relationship between the switching period of the PWM and the value of the uncompensated constant, at which the pulsations of the positioning process are minimal while ensuring the minimum overshoot and maximum speed. It was found that the specified requirements are satisfied by the ratio between the switching period, PWC and uncompensated constant in the range of one or two.
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Roger, Daniel, Ewa Napieralska-Juszczak, and Krzysztof Komeza. "Influence of the earth connections of the PWM drive on the voltage constraints endured by the motor insulation." Open Physics 18, no. 1 (October 12, 2020): 619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0146.
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AbstractThe high electrical stresses in the Electrical Insulation Systems of machines fed by pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters remain a limitation of the lifetime. The stress is caused by repetitive over voltages caused by the short switching times of the PWM inverter power electronic circuit. This paper provides measurements made on an industrial drive connected to the grid with standard cables that include a ground connection wire, following the current standards. The phase-to-phase, phase-to-neutral, and neutral-to-ground voltages are measured focusing on short and repetitive voltage spikes. The causes of these voltage spikes are analyzed using a high frequency equivalent circuit of the whole drive, including the earthing system. The simulations are made with the well-known SPICE circuit simulator. This study focuses on the common-mode currents flowing in the earthing connections and its influence on voltage spikes. A solution that can reduce significantly the phase-to-neutral voltage spikes is proposed.
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Kubica, Marcin, Adam Opara, and Dariusz Kania. "Logic Synthesis Strategy Oriented to Low Power Optimization." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 22, 2021): 8797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198797.
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The article presents a synthesis strategy focused on low power implementations of combinatorial circuits in an array-type FPGA structure. Logic functions are described by means of BDD. A new form of the SWitch activity BDD diagram (SWBDD) is proposed, which enables a function decomposition to minimize the switching activity of circuits. The essence of the proposed idea lies in the proper ordering of the variables and cutting the diagram, ensuring the minimization of switching in the combination circuit. This article contains the results of experiments confirming the effectiveness of the developed concept of decomposition. They were performed on popular benchmarks using academic and commercial synthesis systems.
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BLAAUW, DAVID, STEVE MARTIN, TREVOR MUDGE, and KRISZTIAN FLAUTNER. "LEAKAGE CURRENT REDUCTION IN VLSI SYSTEMS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 11, no. 06 (December 2002): 621–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126602000665.
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There is a growing need to analyze and optimize the stand-by component of power in digital circuits designed for portable and battery-powered applications. Since these circuits remain in stand-by (or sleep) mode significantly longer than in active mode, their stand-by current, and not their active switching current, determines their battery life. Hence, stringent specifications are being placed on the stand-by (or leakage) current drawn by such devices. As the power supply voltage is reduced, the threshold voltage of transistors is scaled down to maintain a constant switching speed. Since reducing the threshold voltage increases the leakage of a device exponentially, leakage current has become a dominant factor in the design of VLSI circuits. In this paper, we describe a method that uses simultaneous dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) and adaptive body biasing (ABB) to reduce the total power consumption of a processor under dynamic computational workloads. Analytical models of the leakage current, dynamic power, and frequency as a function of supply voltage and body bias are derived and verified with SPICE simulation. Given these models, we show how to derive an analytical expression for the optimal trade-off between supply voltage and body bias, given a required clock frequency and duration of operation. The proposed method is then applied to a processor and is compared with DVS alone for workloads obtained using real-time monitoring of processor utilization for four typical applications.
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Sadikin, Muhammad, Tomonobu Senjyu, and Atsushi Yona. "DC–DC Type High-Frequency Link DC for Improved Power Quality of Cascaded Multilevel Inverter." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 14, no. 4 (June 28, 2013): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2012-0007.
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Abstract Multilevel inverters are emerging as a new breed of power converter options for power system applications. Recent advances in power switching devices enabled the suitability of multilevel inverters for high voltage and high power applications because they are connecting several devices in series without the need of component matching. Usually, a transformerless battery energy storage system, based on a cascaded multilevel inverter, is used as a measure for voltage and frequency deviations. System can be reduced in size, weight, and cost of energy storage system. High-frequency link circuit topology is advantageous in realizing compact and light-weight power converters for uninterruptible power supply systems, new energy systems using photovoltaic-cells, fuel-cells and so on. This paper presents a DC–DC type high-frequency link DC (HFLDC) cascaded multilevel inverter. Each converter cell is implemented a control strategy for two H-bridge inverters that are controlled with the same multicarrier pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. The proposed cascaded multilevel inverter generates lower voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) in comparison with conventional cascaded multilevel inverter. Digital simulations are carried out using PSCAD/EMTDC to validate the performance of the proposed cascaded multilevel inverter.
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Iskandar, Handoko Rusiana, Muhammad Rizky Alfarizi, Ajie Prasetya, and Nana Heryana. "EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF SINGLE-PHASE DC–DC BOOST CONVERTER FOR 1000 WP PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATION." SINERGI 25, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2021.2.007.
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The photovoltaic system is used and utilized as electricity demand in many developed countries, including Indonesia. Nowadays, the photovoltaic system is an alternative source of inexpensive, reasonably priced electricity and easily applied in public facilities until laboratory usage. In Electrical Engineering Laboratory (EEL), Faculty of Engineering (FoE), Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani is 1 kWp peak photovoltaic application available. The PV system is planned to be connected to the grid and produces 220VAC / 50Hz characteristics to meet the existing load capacity. The PV systems modeled include Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controlled DC/DC Boost Converter, and DC/AC converter circuit. This study's experimental architecture is proposed to meet the electrical load following the characteristics of the photovoltaic device. The three types of electronic switching control, namely Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) and Gate Turn-off Thyristor (GTO), are used to achieve the highest performance. Based on the 1 kWp photovoltaic system's simulation results from the three types of electronic power switching, a minimum output voltage range of 210-230 VDC is produced. DC/AC Converter testing has been carried out and can be tested on a grid-connected 220VAC/50Hz single phase with the highest output using MOSFET equal to 96.7%.
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Kolosjuk, Volodymyr, Dmytro Rieznik, Olha Chencheva, Boris Bolibrukh, and Batyr Khalmuradov. "INCREASING INTRINSIC SAFETY IN PULSE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF CONSUMERS IN COMPARISON WITH DC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS." JOURNAL of Donetsk mining institute, no. 2 (2020): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2020-2-133-141.
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The purpose of the work is to evaluate the magnitude of the arc sparking energy during switching in the wires of a pulsed power supply system when compared with the energy when powered from a direct current source and to determine the flammable currents of the methane-air mixture to improve intrinsic safety. Methodology. The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of the application of the theory of electrical engineering, the theory of planning a scientific experiment, computer and simulation modelling. The experimental data were obtained in the laboratories of the Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University using certified metrological measuring instruments. The system was modelled using the software packages Matthcad, Microsoft. EXCEL. StatGraphik. Results. Conducted theoretical and experimental studies of the magnitude of arc sparking prove that the energy of sparking with a pulsed current is less than with a constant one and can be used as the basis for reducing the ignition of gas in mines and other explosive industries. Scientific novelty. The useful use of the consumer’s reactive energy has been substantiated if the supply line or the current source is shut off for the duration of the pause and at the same time the consumer is shunted. Practical significance. The obtained results are recommended to be used in power supply systems of consumers that operate in a pulsed mode to increase their energy efficiency and explosion and fire safety of operation.
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Ma, Chao-Tsung, and Zhen-Huang Gu. "Review on Driving Circuits for Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Switching Devices for Mid- to High-Power Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010065.
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Wide-bandgap (WBG) material-based switching devices such as gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are considered very promising candidates for replacing conventional silicon (Si) MOSFETs for various advanced power conversion applications, mainly because of their capabilities of higher switching frequencies with less switching and conduction losses. However, to make the most of their advantages, it is crucial to understand the intrinsic differences between WBG- and Si-based switching devices and investigate effective means to safely, efficiently, and reliably utilize the WBG devices. This paper aims to provide engineers in the power engineering field a comprehensive understanding of WBG switching devices’ driving requirements, especially for mid- to high-power applications. First, the characteristics and operating principles of WBG switching devices and their commercial products within specific voltage ranges are explored. Next, considerations regarding the design of driving circuits for WBG switching devices are addressed, and commercial drivers designed for WBG switching devices are explored. Lastly, a review on typical papers concerning driving technologies for WBG switching devices in mid- to high-power applications is presented.
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Ma, Chao-Tsung, and Zhen-Huang Gu. "Review on Driving Circuits for Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Switching Devices for Mid- to High-Power Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010065.
Full textAbstract:
Wide-bandgap (WBG) material-based switching devices such as gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are considered very promising candidates for replacing conventional silicon (Si) MOSFETs for various advanced power conversion applications, mainly because of their capabilities of higher switching frequencies with less switching and conduction losses. However, to make the most of their advantages, it is crucial to understand the intrinsic differences between WBG- and Si-based switching devices and investigate effective means to safely, efficiently, and reliably utilize the WBG devices. This paper aims to provide engineers in the power engineering field a comprehensive understanding of WBG switching devices’ driving requirements, especially for mid- to high-power applications. First, the characteristics and operating principles of WBG switching devices and their commercial products within specific voltage ranges are explored. Next, considerations regarding the design of driving circuits for WBG switching devices are addressed, and commercial drivers designed for WBG switching devices are explored. Lastly, a review on typical papers concerning driving technologies for WBG switching devices in mid- to high-power applications is presented.
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Chang, Chien-Hsuan, and Yi-Fan Chen. "A Transformer-Less Buck-Boost Grid-Tied Inverter with Low Leakage-Current and High Voltage-Gain." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 17, 2021): 3625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083625.
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To improve the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) grid-tied systems and simplify the circuit structure, many pseudo DC-link inverters have been proposed by combining a sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) controlled buck-boost converter and a low-frequency polarity unfolder. However, due to the non-ideal characteristics of power diodes, the voltage-gain of a buck-boost converter is limited. To meet the needs of grid-connected systems with low input voltage and 220 Vrms utility, this paper uses two two-switch buck-boost converters with coupled inductors to develop a transformer-less buck-boost grid-tied inverter with low leakage-current and high voltage-gain. The proposed inverter is charging on the primary side of the coupled inductor and discharging in series on the primary side and the secondary side so that the voltage-gain can be greatly increased. Furthermore, the utility line can be connected to the negative end of the PV array to suppress leakage current, and the unfolding circuit can be simplified to reduce the conduction losses. High-frequency switching is only performed in one metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) in each mode, which can effectively improve conversion efficiency. A prototype was implemented to obtain experimental results and to prove the validity of the proposed circuit structure.
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Arnautovski-Toseva, Vesna, Yanis Rousset, El Drissi, and Leonid Grcev. "Radiated EMI from power converters." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 2, no. 2 (2005): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee0502117a.
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With the continuous increase of switching frequency together with the ongoing trend to higher complexity and functionality, power converters as a part of electronic systems have raised more and more electromagnetic energy pollution to the local system environment. In the same time, stringent demands are imposed on the designers of new circuits that electromagnetic interference (EMI) has to be suppressed at its source before it is allowed to propagate into other circuits and systems. In this paper, the authors present a full-wave numerical method for calculation and simulation of electromagnetic field radiated by power converter circuitry. The main objective is to analyze the layout geometry in order to obtain competitive PCB layout that will enable suitably attenuated level of the radiated electric field to safe level. By this it would be possible to ensure reliable operation of the sensitive electronic components in the proximity.
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Panteleev, V. I., I. S. Kuzmin, A. A. Zavalov, A. V. Tikhonov, and E. V. Umetskaia. "Power quality in power supply systems of mining and processing enterprises in Russia." Proceedings of Irkutsk State Technical University 25, no. 3 (July 6, 2021): 356–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2021-3-356-368.
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This paper investigates the effect of the load factor of frequency converters and thyristor converters on electrical power quality. Recommendations for reducing the influence of higher harmonics and switching overvoltages on the characteristics of electrical power are provided. Higher harmonics were measured by a PKK57 complex device for controlling electrical parameters and a digital oscilloscope of the Tektronix TDS 2024V type. Impulse switching overvoltages were recorded by an active resistance divider of the DNEK-10 type and the above-mentioned oscilloscope. The obtained data were processed by the Loginom 6.4 software and the methods of mathematical statistics. The lower threshold level of the load factor of frequency converters and thyristor converters was set equal to 0.8, at which the sinusoidal distortion of voltage curves correspond to the RF standard of electrical power quality. The suppression degree of higher harmonics from the 5th to 17th frequency by power transformers with a capacity of 250–6,300 kV. A ranged from 95 to 45%. The use of the ‘transformer–converter–electric receiver’ system as applied to the power supply systems of mining and processing enterprises was substantiated. It was shown that electric motors with a capacity of up to 2,500 kW inclusively require protection against switching overvoltages. Conventional RC-absorbers based on RC-circuits connected to the terminals of electric motors are shown to be highly efficient for protecting electric motors against switching overvoltages. Thus, the quality of electrical power in power supply systems of mining and processing enterprises in Russia can be ensured by frequency converters and thyristor converters with a load factor of 0.8 or greater. Provided that the transformer capacity does not exceed 1,000 kV. A, a more efficient and less expensive ‘transformer–converter–electrical receiver’ system is recommended. Effective protection of electric motors of up to 2,500 kW inclusive can be provided using the proposed conventional RC absorber, which maintains the overvoltage rate at a level not exceeding 1.7.
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Madasamy, P., Rajesh Verma, C. Bharatiraja, Barnabas Paul Glady J., T. Srihari, Josiah Lange Munda, and Lucian Mihet-Popa. "Hybrid Multicarrier Random Space Vector PWM for the Mitigation of Acoustic Noise." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121483.
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The pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter is an obvious choice for any industrial and power sector application. Particularly, industrial drives benefit from the higher DC-link utilization, acoustic noise, and vibration industrial standards. Many PWM techniques have been proposed to meet the drives’ demand for higher DC-link utilization and lower harmonics suppression and noise reductions. Still, random PWM (RPWM) is the best candidate for reducing the acoustic noises. Few RPWM (RPWM) methods have been developed and investigated for the AC drive’s PWM inverter. However, due to the lower randomness of the multiple frequency harmonics spectrum, reducing the drive noise is still challenging. These PWMs dealt with the spreading harmonics, thereby decreasing the harmonic effects on the system. However, these techniques are unsuccessful at maintaining the higher DC-link utilizations. Existing RPWM methods have less randomness and need complex digital circuitry. Therefore, this paper mainly deals with a combined RPWM principle in space vector PWM (SVPWM) to generate random PWM generation using an asymmetric frequency multicarrier called multicarrier random space vector PWM (MCRSVPWM). he SVPWM switching vectors with different frequency carrier are chosen with the aid of a random bi-nary bit generator. The proposed MCRSVPWM generates the pulses with a randomized triangular carrier (1 to 4 kHz), while the conventional RPWM method contains a random pulse position with a fixed frequency triangular carrier. The proposed PWM is capable of eradicating the high-frequency unpleasant acoustic noise more effectually than conventional RPWM with a shorter random frequency range. The simulation study is performed through MATLAB/Simulink for a 2 kW asynchronous induction motor drive. Experimental validation of the proposed MCRSVPWM is tested with a 2 kW six-switch (Power MOSFET–SCH2080KE) inverter power module-fed induction motor drive.
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Saadeh, Osama, Ahmad Al-Hmoud, and Zakariya Dalala. "Characterization Circuit, Gate Driver and Fixture for Wide-Bandgap Power Semiconductor Device Testing." Electronics 9, no. 5 (April 25, 2020): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050703.
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The world is currently experiencing major advancement in the electrification of both the industrial and commercial sectors. This is part of an effort to reduce reliance on combustible fuels, reduce emissions, integrate renewable energy systems and increase efficiency. Due to the complexity of modern circuits and systems, any circuit’s design should start with proper simulation and device selection, to reduce overall cost and time of prototyping, both of which require accurate and thorough device characterization. Wide bandgap (WBG) power semiconductor devices offer superior characteristics over conventional devices, including faster switching speeds, higher breakdown voltage, lower losses, and higher operating temperature. These properties call for special test circuits and procedures for accurate characterization. In this work, custom characterization circuits and fixtures, suitable for WBG devices are designed, tested, and described. The circuits measure several of the main characteristics of voltage controlled WBG power switches. Different technology devices were tested and characterized.
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Zhang, Zhou, Wang, and Wu. "Design, Analysis, and Modeling of an Isolated Constant-Current to Constant-Voltage Converter in Cabled Underwater Information Networks." Electronics 8, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8090961.
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The underwater electric energy conversion modules are the equipment for distributing electric energy to the electric instruments in the cabled underwater information networks (CUINs), which are also related to the normal and stable operation of the underwater systems, the energy foundation and an important part of the network platform. Based on the classic push-pull high frequency switching circuit of constant voltage conversion, an isolated constant-current to constant-voltage (CC–CV) converter based on pulse width modulation (PWM) feedback was proposed in this paper. Through the theoretical analysis of the working principle of the CC–CV converter and the modeling of the converter circuit based on the state space method, it was verified that the designed converter can achieve the constant current to constant voltage transformation by high-frequency PWM feedback. Based on Saber simulation software, the circuit model of the CC–CV converter was built, and the feasibility of the design was proved by simulation analysis. According to the isolated high-frequency switching CC–CV converter circuit, the physical prototype was made. By adjusting the resistance value of the output load, the constant voltage (CV) characteristic of the output voltage of the converter was analyzed. Furthermore, the results show that the output voltage of the designed CC–CV converter is stable and the ripple of output voltage is less than 5%, when the input current or output load resistance is adjusted under the CC output status, which has the CV output characteristic. The CC–CV converter has good rationality and feasibility, and is suitable for the future development of the constant current remote power supply system of CUINs.
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Dr. Bhushan Bandre. "Design and Analysis of Low Power Energy Efficient Braun Multiplier." International Journal of New Practices in Management and Engineering 2, no. 01 (March 31, 2013): 08–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijnpme.v2i01.12.
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Designing of Braun multipliers using various hybrid full adder circuits are described in this paper. In DSP and communication systems, multipliers are the main power consuming elements. Dynamic power dissipation contributes a lot to power consumption in CMOS logic. Braun multipliers employing Row bypassing techniques are designed to minimise the switching activities which aids in reducing dynamic power consumption. Full adders constitute a most vital part in multipliers. In this paper, Braun multiplier is designed using three different hybrid full adders .Area and power consumption of the resulting circuits are compared and analysed. The Braun multipliers are implemented and simulated using Tanner spice.
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Shirol, Suhas B., and Rajashekar B. Shettar. "A Comparative Study of Low Power Testing Techniques for Digital Circuits." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 7 (July 30, 2017): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse/v7i7/0180.
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In recent years, with fast growth of mobile communication and portable computing systems, design for low power has become the challenge in the field of Digital VLSI design. The main focus of the paper is to make a comparative study of low power Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) architecture such as Built In Self Test (BIST), it has been often seen that during test mode process the power consumed is much higher, when compared to that of normal mode process test as there is high switching activity in the nodes of Circuit Under Test(CUT) during testing.
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Goncharov, V. D., R. V. Yashkardin, and A. M. Volynov. "Method of creating equivalent circuits of capacitive batteries of pulsed power supplies of powerful technological systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1313 (September 2019): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1313/1/012021.
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Rahmani, Fatemeh, Payam Niknejad, Tanushree Agarwal, and Mohammadreza Barzegaran. "Gallium Nitride Inverter Design with Compatible Snubber Circuits for Implementing Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicle Batteries." Machines 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines8030056.
Full textAbstract:
High-frequency wireless power transfer (WPT) technology provides superior compatibility in the alignment with various WPT standards. However, high-efficiency and compact single-phase power switching systems with ideal snubber circuits are required for maximum power transfer capability. This research aims to develop an inverter using Gallium Nitride (GaN) power transistors, optimized RCD (resistor/capacitor/diode) snubber circuits, and gate drivers, each benefitting WPT technology by reducing the switching and conduction loss in charging electric vehicle batteries. A full-bridge GaN inverter was simulated and instituted as part of the wireless charging circuit design. The RCD circuits were adjusted by transferring maximum power from the power supply to the transmitter inductor. For verification of the simulated output, lab-scale experiments were implemented for two half-bridges controlled by gate drivers with corresponding snubber circuits. After authenticating the output results, the GaN inverter was tested with an input range of 30 V to deduce the success of charging electric vehicle batteries within an efficient time frame. The developed inverter, at 80 kHz frequency, was applied in place of a ready-to-use evaluation board, fully reducing less harmonic distortion and greatly increasing WPT system efficiency (~93%). In turn, the designed GaN inverter boasts considerable energy savings, resulting in a more cost-effective solution for manufacturers.
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WANG, K. L., and P. KHALILI AMIRI. "NONVOLATILE SPINTRONICS: PERSPECTIVES ON INSTANT-ON NONVOLATILE NANOELECTRONIC SYSTEMS." SPIN 02, no. 02 (June 2012): 1250009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324712500099.
Full textAbstract:
Instant-on nonvolatile electronics, which can be powered on/off instantaneously without the loss of information, represents a new and emerging paradigm in electronics. Nonvolatile circuits consisting of volatile CMOS, combined with nonvolatile nanoscale magnetic memory, can make electronics nonvolatile at the gate, circuit and system levels. When high speed magnetic memory is embedded in CMOS logic circuits, it may help resolve the two major challenges faced in continuing CMOS scaling: Power dissipation and variability of devices. We will give a brief overview of the current challenges of CMOS in terms of energy dissipation and variability. Then, we describe emerging nonvolatile memory (NVM) options, particularly those spintronic solutions such as magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) based on spin transfer torque (STT) and voltage-controlled magnetoelectric (ME) write mechanisms. We will then discuss the use of STT memory for embedded application, e.g., replacing volatile CMOS Static RAM (SRAM), followed by discussion of integration of CMOS reconfigurable circuits with STT-RAM. We will then present the scaling limits of the STT memory and discuss its critical performance parameters, particularly related to switching energy. To further reduce the switching energy, we present the concept of electric field control of magnetism, and discuss approaches to realize this new mechanism in realizing low switching energy, allowing for implementation of nonvolatility at the logic gate level, and eventually at the transistor level with a magnetoelectric gate (MeGate). For nonvolatile logic (NVL), we present and discuss as an example an approach using interference of spin waves, which will have NVL operations remembering the state of computation. Finally, we will discuss the potential impact and implications of this new paradigm on low energy dissipation instant-on nonvolatile systems.
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Lin, Bor-Ren. "Analysis and Implementation of a Frequency Control DC–DC Converter for Light Electric Vehicle Applications." Electronics 10, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141623.
Full textAbstract:
In order to realize emission-free solutions and clean transportation alternatives, this paper presents a new DC converter with pulse frequency control for a battery charger in electric vehicles (EVs) or light electric vehicles (LEVs). The circuit configuration includes a resonant tank on the high-voltage side and two variable winding sets on the output side to achieve wide output voltage operation for a universal LEV battery charger. The input terminal of the presented converter is a from DC microgrid with voltage levels of 380, 760, or 1500 V for house, industry plant, or DC transportation vehicle demands, respectively. To reduce voltage stresses on active devices, a cascade circuit structure with less voltage rating on power semiconductors is used on the primary side. Two resonant capacitors were selected on the resonant tank, not only to achieve the two input voltage balance problem but also to realize the resonant operation to control load voltage. By using the variable switching frequency approach to regulate load voltage, active switches are turned on with soft switching operation to improve converter efficiency. In order to achieve wide output voltage capability for universal battery charger demands such as scooters, electric motorbikes, Li-ion e-trikes, golf carts, luxury golf cars, and quad applications, two variable winding sets were selected to have a wide voltage output (50~160 V). Finally, experiments with a 1 kW rated prototype were demonstrated to validate the performance and benefits of presented converter.