Journal articles: 'Switching matrix'

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MacDonald, R. I. "Optoelectronic matrix switching." Canadian Journal of Physics 67, no. 4 (1989): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p89-069.

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Because cross talk from electromagnetic coupling increases with frequency, it is difficult to design matrix switches for high-frequency electronic signals. Signals on optical carriers are easier to isolate but more difficult to switch. A hybrid technique exploiting passive optical-signal distribution and switching by optoelectronic effects shows good promise for high isolation matrices to handle signals in the dc to 10 GHz range. The key elements for such optoelectronic switches are optical detectors that have switchable sensitivity.Initial efforts in optoelectronic switching used silicon diode detectors and forward bias to establish the off-state. Recent work has turned primarily to photoconductors fabricated in GaAs or other compound semiconductors. Such photoconductors can have very wide response bandwidths and have the advantage of a zero-bias off-state. Efforts have also been made to develop bipolar detectors that do not need forward bias for the off-state.Experimental work has progressed to the demonstration of complete matrices capable of switching up to eight incoming signals to as many outgoing lines, at bandwidths up to 500 MHz and cross-talk levels below 50 dB. Results for individual switching devices give promise of matrices for many tens of lines and bandwidths to several gigahertz. Monolithic integration of GaAs photoconductor switch arrays has been demonstrated, and work progresses to include integrated control devices and amplifiers.Matrix switches of large dimension and very large bandwidth are expected to have significant applications in areas other than communications switching. In particular, such matrices can be used to set up patterns of delay and signal recombination, using fibre delay lines, to provide rapidly selectable wide-band delay for phasing and other applications, or for wide-band tapped delay-line filters that can be reconfigured rapidly.A review of the current status in optoelectronic matrix switching is given.

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GYÖRÖK, György. "FUNCTIONAL SWITCHING MATRIX FOR AUTOMATIC ANALOG CIRCUIT SYNTHESIS." Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica 14, no. 3 (2014): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15546/aeei-2014-0031.

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Liu, Gang Jun, Jun Liu, Bin Ming Liang, Qu Li, and Guo Liang Jin. "Nonlinear optical switching matrix." Optics Letters 28, no. 15 (2003): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.28.001347.

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Jun, Eun-Su, Hoang-Long Dang, and Sangshin Kwak. "Predictive Control Method Based on Adjacent Vector Confinement Technique for a Three-Phase AC-DC Matrix Converter with High Efficiency." Electronics 8, no. 12 (2019): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121535.

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A model predictive current control method is proposed to reduce switching losses in an AC-DC matrix converter. In the proposed control strategy, several vectors are selected from among all possible switching vectors for a given location of the input current reference. The switching vector that minimizes the cost function is applied to the converter in the next sampling period. The principle of the proposed method involves clamping the selected switches to stop performing the switching operation to minimize the number of switchings in every sampling cycle. The total efficiency of the AC-DC matrix converter under the proposed strategy is 91.2% whereas that of the conventional strategy is 89.7%. In addition, unity-power-factor operation is guaranteed and smooth and sinusoidal waveforms are achieved. Finally, simulation and experimental results are demonstrated to confirm the validity of the proposed control strategy.

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Pakhomova, E. E., and V. P. Gorkin. "Matrix LED headlamps." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 9, no. 2-1 (2015): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67212.

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The article describes design and light distribution features of automotive LED headlights with automatic switching on and off of high beam light. Switching of high beam light is provided by means of an electronic control unit, which is operated by signals from the front camera and the navigation system of vehicle.

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Xu, Ning, Erlei Li, and Xue Yang. "A Multifunctional Video Switching Matrix Design." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2303, no. 1 (2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2303/1/012055.

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Abstract The use of Video Switching Matrix can greatly improve the utilization rate of internal space such as ships and submarines. This paper designs a multifunctional video switching matrix, which can realize 16-channel HDMI and VGA video signal input and 8-channel HDMI and VGA video signal output function. It can meet the complex scenes of HDMI and VGA integrated video input and output. This design realizes the conversion of input and output video formats through the front-end HDMI to VGA unit and the back-end VGA to HDMI unit. The middle RGB switching matrix is used to realize 16 input and 8 output selection of VGA video signal. It realizes the fusion of multi-channel dual-standard video switching. The module has the prospect of being applied to high reliability requirements in aerospace, navigation, and military industries.

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Guzik, Vyacheslav, and Vladimir Shmoylov. "Pulsating information Lattice with Matrix Switching." University News. North-Caucasian Region. Technical Sciences Series, no. 6 (December 2014): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0321-2653-2014-6-3-11.

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Xie, Jiaojiao, and Qiaohong Li. "A Model for Teaching English Translation in Universities Based on the Random Matrix Optimization Bell Translation Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (June 28, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4421228.

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This paper adopts the random matrix optimization fusion of Bell’s translation model to conduct in-depth research and analysis on the teaching model of English translation in colleges and universities. Bell’s translation model theory explicates the mental model of the translation process to a certain extent based on psycholinguistic research results. Using the results of random matrix theory on the eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix, the energy of each subspace is estimated, and the estimated energy is then used to construct the subspace-weighting matrix. The statistical properties of the sample covariance matrix eigenvectors were analyzed using the first-order perturbation approximation, and then asymptotic results from random matrix theory on the projection of the sample covariance matrix signal subspaces to the real signal parametrization were used to obtain the weighting matrix based on the random matrix eigenvectors. The analysis shows that the teacher can help students understand the teaching content and master the knowledge points by using guided meta-discoursal to indicate the logical relationships inherent in linguistic expressions and make the discourse transitions natural, coherent, and organized. The use of interactive meta-discoursal attracts students’ attention and treats them as participants in the discourse, making them feel a sense of belonging and satisfying their need for psychological belonging, which is beneficial to the students’ main position in the classroom. In teaching methods, there is a principle of comprehensible input, which is to provide students with a lot of interesting and understandable listening and reading input. In the translation classroom, the translation teachers code-switched infrequently and mainly used three types of code-switching: inter-sentence code-switching, intra-sentence code-switching, and additional code-switching to carry out translation teaching. Among them, intra-sentence code-switching accounts for 57.46%, inter-sentence code-switching accounts for 41.53%, and the least frequent is additional code-switching, accounting for 1.01%.

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Qian, Wei, Shen Cong, and Zheng Zheng. "Output-Feedback Stabilization Control of Systems with Random Switchings and State Jumps." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/865451.

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The work is concerned with output-feedback stabilization control problem for a class of systems with random switchings and state jumps. The switching signal is supposed to obey Poisson distribution. Firstly, based on the asymptotical property of the distribution of switching points, we derive some sufficient conditions to guarantee the closed-loop system to be almost surely exponentially stable. Then, we pose a parametrization approach to convert the construction conditions of the output-feedback control into a family of matrix inequalities. Finally, a simulation example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

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Berlin, Leonid, Andrey Galyaev, and Pavel Lysenko. "Time-Optimal Control Problem of Two Non-Synchronous Oscillators." Mathematics 10, no. 19 (2022): 3552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10193552.

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The time-optimal control problem for a system consisting of two non-synchronous oscillators is considered. Each oscillator is controlled with a shared limited scalar control. The objective of the control is to accelerate the oscillatory system to a given specific position, where the first oscillator must have non-zero phase coordinates, but the second one must remain motionless at the terminal moment. For an arbitrary number of unknown switching moments that determine the optimal relay control, the necessary extremum conditions in the form of nonlinear matrix equalities are proposed. The study of the necessary/sufficient conditions of the extremum made it possible to describe the reachability set in the phase space of the first oscillator, to find an analytical form of the curve corresponding to the two-switching control class, which also separates the reachability set of the three switching-control class. The corresponding theorems are proved and the dependence of the criteria on control constraints is shown. Matrix conditions for different classes of control switchings are found. All of the obtained analytical results are numerically validated and illustrated with mathematical modeling.

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Yusoff, Siti Hajar, Nur Shahida Midi, Sheroz Khan, and Majdee Tohtayong. "Predictive Control of AC/AC Matrix Converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 4 (2017): 1932. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i4.pp1932-1942.

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This work investigates the usage of Model Predictive Control (MPC) for a three phase conventional matrix converter with low pass filter at the input and output side. The conventional matrix converter has 3 input and 3 output which gives 27 switching state. From this design, a MPC is incorporate to control the output voltage and the input currents for all the phases. The design of the proposed controller is based on the input current controller and output voltage controller with load observer. The proposed MPC using cost function will select the minimized switching state to be applied to next switching. This gives a sinusoidal output voltages and input currents. A simulation and experimental studies are presented to validate the proposed control scheme.

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Zhai, Guisheng, and Xuping Xu. "A unified approach to stability analysis of switched linear descriptor systems under arbitrary switching." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 20, no. 2 (2010): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-010-0018-2.

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A unified approach to stability analysis of switched linear descriptor systems under arbitrary switchingWe establish a unified approach to stability analysis for switched linear descriptor systems under arbitrary switching in both continuous-time and discrete-time domains. The approach is based on common quadratic Lyapunov functions incorporated with linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). We show that if there is a common quadratic Lyapunov function for the stability of all subsystems, then the switched system is stable under arbitrary switching. The analysis results are natural extensions of the existing results for switched linear state space systems.

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Pan, Lulu, Haibin Shao, Mehran Mesbahi, Dewei Li, and Yugeng Xi. "Cluster consensus on matrix-weighted switching networks." Automatica 141 (July 2022): 110308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2022.110308.

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Pan, Lulu, Haibin Shao, Mehran Mesbahi, Dewei Li, and Yugeng Xi. "Cluster consensus on matrix-weighted switching networks." Automatica 141 (July 2022): 110308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2022.110308.

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15

Veilleux, M., and R. I. MacDonald. "An optoelectronic switching matrix with high isolation." Journal of Lightwave Technology 10, no. 7 (1992): 988–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.144924.

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Teichmann, R., and J. Oyama. "ARCP soft-switching technique in matrix converters." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 49, no. 2 (2002): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/41.993268.

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El Fatatry, A., S. P. Shipley, and R. Tyson. "4×4 all-fibre optical switching matrix." Electronics Letters 24, no. 6 (1988): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19880230.

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Savić, Jelena M. "Structural convergence and language change: Evidence from Serbian/English code-switching." Language in Society 24, no. 4 (1995): 475–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500018984.

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ABSTRACTThis study investigates how the process of structural convergence common in many bilingual communities (cf. Clyne 1987, 1994) interacts with the process of code-switching. Data on Serbian/English code-switching indicate that there the process of structural convergence is reshaping the Serbian variety spoken by bilingual speakers. This process is reflected in code-switching situations in the form of what Myers-Scotton 1993b calls “matrix language” (ML) turnover: the matrix language in code-switched utterances can only be assigned if one considers the process of structural convergence occurring in Serbian. These data indicate that code-switched utterances in which the diachronic ML turnover is under-way present a very useful source of information not only for the analysis of code-switching, but also for the analysis of language change under conditions of contact. The findings of this study strongly suggest that any theoretical model of code-switching which aims at achieving universality needs also to take into consideration the results of the structural convergence that affects linguistic varieties in many code-switching bilingual communities. (Structural convergence and language change, Serbian, code-switching, Matrix Language Frame model)

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Zhou, Yiyuan, Liang Qin, Qing Wang, et al. "Global Asymptotic Stability of Submodule Capacitor Voltage Self-converging Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Characteristic Root Method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2557, no. 1 (2023): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2557/1/012055.

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Abstract This study presents global asymptotic stability verification of submodule capacitor voltage self-converging modular multilevel converters (SC-MMCs) according to the characteristic root method, which constructs a submodule switching state matrix for voltage balancing control. The mathematical model of MMC is established in form of the state-space equation. It is proved that SC-MMCs have the characteristic of global asymptotic stability at a certain time from the perspective of switching state matrix characteristic roots, according to the theories of Lyapunov stability and continuous-time piecewise linear system stability. Then, the submodule capacitor voltage self-convergence over a period of time is deduced based on the capacitor voltage deviation vector. Under the constraints of linearly independent switching state matrix row vectors, submodule capacitor voltage self-convergence without real-time voltage calculation and feedback can be achieved. The global asymptotic stability of SC-MMCs and the efficacy of submodule capacitor voltage self-convergence based on switching state matrix are testified by simulations.

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Di, Zhengfei, Demin Xu, and Kehan Zhang. "Continuous Control Set Model Predictive Control for an Indirect Matrix Converter." Energies 14, no. 14 (2021): 4114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144114.

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A continuous control set model predictive power control strategy for an indirect matrix converter is proposed in this paper. The load reactive power, the load active power, and the input reactive power are controlled simultaneously. This control strategy can obtain output waveforms with fixed switching frequency. Additionally, an optimal switching sequence is proposed to simplify the commutations of the indirect matrix converter. To suppress the input filter resonance, an active damping method is proposed. Experimental results prove that the proposed method features controllable input reactive power, controllable load active and reactive power, fixed switching frequency output waveforms, zero-current switching operations, and effectively suppresses input filter resonance.

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Forker, Diana. "Sanzhi–Russian code switching and the Matrix Language Frame model." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 6 (2018): 1448–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006918798971.

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Purpose: The study represents the first attempt to analyze intrasentantial code switching in an indigenous language from the Caucasus (the Nakh- Daghestanian language Sanzhi Dargwa) in contact with Russian. It also tests borrowing/code switching hierarchies that target parts of speech. Methodology: The study applies the Matrix Language Frame model developed by Myers-Scotton to data from Sanzhi. Data and analysis: The analyzed data consist of around 6,000 tokens of natural texts (monologues) produced by six male speakers and recorded in the main settlement of the Sanzhi speech community in Daghestan (Russian Federation). The original data are compared to published data from other languages in contact with Russian. The Sanzhi data are analyzed by means of the Matrix Language Frame model, focusing on intraclausal code switching. Findings: The Sanzhi data can largely be analyzed within the Matrix Language Frame model, confirming thus the ‘Uniform Structure Principle’ posed by Myers-Scotton. However, there are also a few instances of code switching in which embedded language and matrix language cannot be identified, which prevents application of the model. Furthermore, the study replicated findings on borrowing/code switching hierarchies for parts of speech, that is, the preference for insertions of nouns and other parts of speech from the open classes in comparison with the relative scarcity of inserted pronouns or adpositions (closed classes). Originality: This is the first attempt to apply the Matrix Language Frame model to code switching between a Caucasian language and Russian and constitutes a new approach to the study of language contact in the Caucasus and, more generally, to the impact on Russian of minority languages in the Russian Federation. Implications: The results suggest that the Matrix Language Frame model could also be applied to other languages in contact with Russian and with a similar sociolinguistic profile, such as Sanzhi.

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Wang, Yongzhao. "Exponential Stabilization for a Class of Nonlinear Switched Systems with Mixed Delays under Asynchronous Switching." Complexity 2018 (August 30, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7692375.

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This paper deals with the exponential stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear switched systems with mixed delays under asynchronous switching. The switching signal of the switched controller involves delay, which results in the asynchronous switching between the candidate controllers and subsystems. By constructing the parameter-dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and the average dwell time approach, some sufficient conditions in forms of linear matrix inequalities are presented to ensure the exponential stability of the switched nonlinear system under arbitrary switching signals. In addition, through the special deformation of the matrix and Schur complement, the controllers with asynchronous switching are designed. Finally, a numerical example and a practical example of river pollution control are provided to show the validity and potential of the developed results.

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ISLAM, MD SHAFIQUL. "INVARIANT MEASURES FOR HIGHER DIMENSIONAL MARKOV SWITCHING POSITION DEPENDENT RANDOM MAPS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 19, no. 01 (2009): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812740902297x.

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A higher dimensional Markov switching position dependent random map is a random map where the probabilities of switching from one higher dimension transformation to another are the entries of a stochastic matrix and the entries of stochastic matrix are functions of positions. In this note, we prove sufficient conditions for the existence of absolutely continuous measures for a class of higher dimensional Markov switching position dependent random maps. Our result is a generalization of the result in [Bahsoun & Góra, 2005; Bahsoun et al., 2005].

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İNAN, Kayhan. "Ahıska Türklerinde Türkçe-Rusça Kod Değiştirme Deseni ve Temel Dil Çerçeve Modeli." Bilig, no. 103 (October 27, 2022): 183–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.12995/bilig.10307.

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During the 75 years following Ahıska Turks’ expatriation from their homeland in Soviet Georgia in 1944 to the Central Asian Soviet Republics, they have evolved into a multilingual society. Ahıska Turks use Turkish and Russian language pairs in their daily communication. They adopt code-switching strategies in their daily communication. Turkish-Russian code-switching pattern of Ahıska Turks was not analyzed linguistically in terms of bilingual communication. Therefore, this study aims to investigate Ahıska Turks from a different perspective. It reflects the code-switching situation by examining the Bishkek show of Miko Şov, an Ahıska Turks’ comedy group. The records were investigated based on the Matrix Language Frame Model and the pattern is divided into categories as nouns, adjectives, adpositions, verbs, and adverbs. It is determined that the same strategies were followed with other Turkic languages contacting Russian.

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F. Mohd Zin, M., R. Baharom, and I. Mohd Yassin. "Development of Boost Inverter Using Single Phase Matrix Converter Topology." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.11 (2018): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.11.20815.

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This paper presents the development of boost inverter using a single phase matrix converter (SPMC). A new switching algorithm was developed to control the SPMC circuit topology to operate as a boost inverter. The pulse width modulation (PWM) technique was used to calculate the switching duty ratio to synthesize the output. As part of boost inverter operation, a safe-commutation switching algorithm has been applied to avoid the voltage and current spikes due to the effect of inductive loads. The simulation of the proposed converter was carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Selected simulation are presented to verify the proposed operation.

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F. Mohd Zin, M., R. Baharom, and I. Mohd Yassin. "Development Of Boost Inverter Using Single Phase Matrix Converter Topology." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.11 (2018): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.11.21393.

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This paper presents the development of boost inverter using a single phase matrix converter (SPMC). A new switching algorithm was developed to control the SPMC circuit topology to operate as a boost inverter. The pulse width modulation (PWM) technique was used to calculate the switching duty ratio to synthesize the output. As part of boost inverter operation, a safe-commutation switching algorithm has been applied to avoid the voltage and current spikes due to the effect of inductive loads. The simulation of the proposed converter was carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Selected simulation are presented to verify the proposed operation.

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Shabanpour, Amin, Sasan Gholami, and Ali Reza Seifi. "Comparative Studies of Different Switching Patterns for Direct and Indirect Space Vector Modulated Matrix Converter." Advances in Power Electronics 2012 (December 30, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/852024.

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This paper presents a MATLAB/Simulink simulation of direct and indirect space vector modulation for matrix converter. Different switching patterns for both direct and indirect methods are simulated and compared. Three criteria are chosen to compare the performance of switching patterns: (1) total harmonic distortion (THD); (2) harmonic spectrum analysis of output voltages; and (3) number of switching in each switching period. Switching strategies are completely implemented using the power library in MATLAB/Simulink environment.

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Rich, Steven I., Vasudevan Nambeesan, Rehan Khan, and Carmel Majidi. "Tuning the composition of conductive thermoplastics for stiffness switching and electrically activated healing." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 18-19 (2019): 2908–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19873411.

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We introduce a class of stiffness-tuning polymer composites and carefully examine the influence of electrical activation and temperature on stiffness for a wide range of use cases. The composites are composed of a polycaprolactone matrix embedded with a percolating network of acetylene carbon black or multi-walled carbon nanotubes. This work builds on previous efforts with thermally activated stiffness-switching composites, which can enable reliable, high-switching-ratio stiffness-switching devices that are stiff in the passive state and are not confined to specific geometries or layouts. Here, we systematically investigate the effects of filler type, filler concentration, and matrix polymer molecular weight on the critical properties of the stiffness-switching material. Using these parameters, we develop a composition selection guide, which we use to construct three different stiffness-switching applications: a highly extensible stiffness-switching tendon, a large area moldable sheet, and an electrically healable mechanical fuse.

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Castro, S. B. S. D., and L. Garrido-da-Silva. "Finite switching near heteroclinic networks." Nonlinearity 36, no. 12 (2023): 6239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/ad03cf.

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Abstract We address the level of complexity that can be observed in the dynamics near a robust heteroclinic network. We show that infinite switching, which is a path towards chaos, does not exist near a heteroclinic network such that the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix at each node are all real. Furthermore, for a path starting at a node that belongs to more than one heteroclinic cycle, we find a bound for the number of such nodes that can exist in any such path. This constricted dynamics is in stark contrast with examples in the literature of heteroclinic networks such that the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix at one node are complex.

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Aditiawarman, Mac, and Husnul Hayati. "An Analysis of Code-Mixing And Code-Switching Used By Maudy Ayunda In Perspektif Metro TV." Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v5i1.491.

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This research focused on the analysis of the types of code-mixing and code-switching between Maudy Ayunda and Robert in the interview in Perspektif Metro TV on Monday 30th December 2019. The researcher applied sociolinguistic theory, especially the theories on types and reasons of code-mixing and code-switching proposed by Hoffman (1991) and how many codes in their utterances based on Myers-Scotton theory (2006). This research applied the descriptive qualitative method. After analyzing the data, there are 71 cases of code-mixing and 68 cases of code-switching. For the types of code-mixing, there is 63 intra-sentential, 15 intra-lexical and 3 involving a change in pronunciation. For types of code-switching, there is 64 inter-sentential, and 4 are established with the previous speaker. For the reasons of code-mixing/code-switching, the researcher found 31 data of talking about a particular topic, 1 data of quoting somebody else, 2 being emphatic about something, 6 of repetition used for classification and 1 of clarifying the speech content for the interlocutor. For the matrix in code-mixing, Indonesian 82% as matrix language and English 18% as an embedded language, and in code-switching, Indonesian 54% as matrix language and English 46%as an embedded language.

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Антонов, С. Н. "Акустооптическая коммутация волоконно-оптических каналов". Журнал технической физики 89, № 2 (2019): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2019.02.47083.205-18.

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AbstractAn acousto-optic commutator of fiber-optic channels based on a ТеО_2 two-coordinate deflector has been proposed and realized. The commutator yields switching of optical radiation from a single output waveguide into a two-dimensional input matrix of waveguides, or vice versa, switching from any matrix waveguide into a single output one. The main interrelated parameters have been obtained. It has been established that the commutator has a short response time of 2–10 μs, yields up to several hundreds of switching channels, low insertion losses of 2–5 dB, and a considerable inter-channel isolation from –35 to –60 dB. Experiments were performed for the output matrix containing 19 waveguides. The channel multiplexing operating mode of this commutator has been demonstrated, which is simultaneous transmission of a signal from the output waveguide into a given number of waveguides of the input matrix.

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Zha, Ying, De Gui Sun, Tie Gen Liu, Ying Zhang, Xiao Qi Li, and Jun Feng Jiang. "Rearrangeable Nonblocking 8×8 Matrix Optical Switches Based on Extended Banyan Network." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 1043–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.1043.

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Based on the CROSSBAR network (CN) and the BANYAN network (BN), two new rearrangeable nonblocking constructions of extended BANYAN network (EBN) are proposed for implementing 8×8 optical matrix switch. The interconnection characteristics of these two types of rearrangeable nonblocking EBN were studied, and the logic program for driving switching units was provided. The calculated insertion loss was 3.3 dB for 8×8 optical matrix switch. Silica waveguide 8×8 matrix optical switch was designed and fabricated according to the calculated results. The silica waveguide propagation loss of 0.1dB/cm and waveguide-fiber coupling loss of 0.5dB/point were measured. With the fabricated 8×8 matrix optical switch, optical insertion loss of 4.6 dB, cross-talk of -38 dB, polarization dependent loss of 0.4 dB, averaged switching power of 1.6 W, and switching time of 1 ms were achieved. A basic agreement between experimental results and theoretical calculated values was achieved.

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NAKATA, SHUNJI, HIROSHI MAKINO, RYOTA HONDA, MASAYUKI MIYAMA, and YOSHIO MATSUDA. "ANALYSIS OF VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND ENERGY DISSIPATION OF STEPWISE ADIABATIC CHARGING OF A CAPACITOR USING A NONRESONANT INDUCTOR CURRENT." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 03 (2014): 1450039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661450039x.

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This paper describes characteristics of stepwise adiabatic charging with an inductor current by controlling switching transistors. An exact analytical resolution is obtained by using a vector comprising a voltage and a current. From a matrix calculation, the voltage and current can be written with solutions of the characteristic equation, power supply voltage, the switching ratio in the switching transistor circuit, and the number of switchings. Using the expression, the voltage and current in the stepwise adiabatic charging method can be derived clearly. As a result, it is clarified analytically that, in N-step charging, the current is reduced to 1/N so that the energy dissipation is reduced to 1/N. Next, the experimental switching transistor circuit with the controller is described, which is composed of discrete ICs. The experimental inductor current in the circuit is investigated. The measured current is reduced to 1/N in N-step charging, which is consistent with the simulated one from the theory. It is also confirmed experimentally from the average power supply current that power consumption is reduced to 1/N.

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Marno, raflis, and Reni Fetri. "Code Switching in Sigapokna Language Uttered by Minangkabau People in Sigapokna, Mentawai." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Scholastic 3, no. 2 (2019): 40–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3383432.

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This research contains the title "Code Switching in Sigapokna language changed by Minangkabau people in Sigapokna" viewed from a structuralism perspective, this research discusses language contact occurring in bilingual or multilingual communities, because in this society it uses more than one language. The occurrence of language code switching in Sigapokna is due to the mixing of two languages between the Sigapokna language and the Minangkabau language, native speakers of the Minangkabau people who settled in Sigapokna. Limited to some basic ideas related to observation into three questions as follows: (1) What is the form of code switching in the Sigapokna language, (2) What is the Sigapokna matrix in Minangkabau speakers, (3) What are the causes of code switching in the Sigapokna language. used is from Nababan about sociolinguistics used to answer the purpose of this research. For data analysis methods, the research used is a qualitative and quantitative approach. This approach emphasizes the meaning and understanding of the mind, reasoning, definitions of certain situations (in some contexts), more to examine matters relating to daily life such as the culture of an area. The purpose of research is usually related to practical matters. Data analysis is also a process of simplifying data into forms that are easier to read and interpret to look for broader meanings and implications from the results of research over language codes in Sigapokna. Data collection techniques in this research, to get the data and information needed, researchers used literature research techniques. In literature studies, researchers use techniques that are played with interviews and record data, materials, or references related to the problem and purpose of the research. Using library research techniques in finding data relevant to the subject of analysis. From the data collected amounted to 563. Data in the Minangkabau language form was mixed with 280 and the language while in the Sigapokna language form was 283. From the collection, the matrix language was 280/283×100% of the Minangkabau language. Sigapokna language is mixed with Minangkabau 283 so, it can be concluded that the mixed Sigapokna language is 283/280 × 100%. The occurrence of language contacts or code switching depends on the location or where someone lives. If someone is in an area with different languages and cultures, there will automatically be a code transfer between the speaker, the speech partner and the speech partner in order to avoid a misunderstanding. From the conclusion of the code switching data above, native Minangkabau speakers are more dominant using the Sigapokna language.

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Dana-Picard, Thierry. "GRAPH ISOMORPHISMS AND MATRIX SIMILARITY: SWITCHING BETWEEN REPRESENTATIONS." Mathematics Enthusiast 6, no. 3 (2009): 477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54870/1551-3440.1166.

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Arteaga, Oriol, Zoubir El-Hachemi, Adolf Canillas, and Josep Maria Ribó. "Transmission Mueller matrix ellipsometry of chirality switching phenomena." Thin Solid Films 519, no. 9 (2011): 2617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2010.11.083.

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Drennan, K. J., A. K. Linnemann, A. E. Platts, H. H. Heng, D. R. Armant, and S. A. Krawetz. "Nuclear Matrix Association: Switching to the Invasive Cytotrophoblast." Placenta 31, no. 5 (2010): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2010.02.012.

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Mazet, L., J. J. Huselstein, and C. Glaize. "Simplified method of switching management for matrix converters." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 16, no. 1 (2001): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap:2001189.

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E.H., Emam, and A. M. Mekonnen. "Patterns of Code-switching in the Amharic Media." Macrolinguistics 10, no. 17 (2022): 125–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2022.10.17.6.

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This study examines patterns of Amharic-English code-switching in the Amharic media language use. It employed a qualitative descriptive approach, which helped break down the recordings and transcripts into intelligible units that helped explain the various language use forms created by code-switching in the Amharic media. Thus, five Amharic media outlets focusing on sport, medical science, and science and technology were purposively selected to study language use in the Amharic media. Hence, 1090 examples which have both Amharic and English elements were selected. A generic step of data analysis was made so as to classify the different types and patterns of code-switching instances. The findings indicated that the three different types of code-switching, namely tag switching, inter-sentential code-switching, and intra-sentential code-switching, are found in the Amharic media language use. Moreover, it was found that there are different patterns of code-switching from English to Amharic. Thus, it is shown that Amharic is the matrix language and is quite resistant against any change of its basic word order. It can also be seen that the mixed constituents found in the Amharic media confirm that the matrix language frame (MLF) model can satisfactorily explain the patterns of Amharic-English code-switching.

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Liang, Jian Wei, Tao Wang, Chao Zhang, and Dong Chen. "Study on Matrix Converter Direct Switching Function Modulation Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1913–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1913.

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This paper includes the topology and operating principle of matrix converter, and switching function modulation algorithm of the matrix converter is analyzed in detail. Simulation results based on Simulink7.11 are also provided, the result shows a good verification of theoretical analysis, and it provides a theoretical basis for the next research and software/hardware design of matrix converter.

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Guo, You Gui, Ping Zeng, and Frede Blaabjerg. "A Novel Four-Step Commutation for Bidirectional Switch Cells of AC-AC Matrix Converter." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 5206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.5206.

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A novel four-step commutation is proposed with unequal step for each bidirectional switch cell on the basis on analysis of many proposed commutation methods of matrix converter in this paper. The first and fourth step can be shorter than the second or third one because the actual switching on or off of output current happens on the second and third steps. Here the second step is equal to the third one. This method is implemented with four steps by programming in VHDL language. First, the special flip-flop, 74AHC16373, is obtained by programming so as to make input sector signals, output sector ones and active switching time PWM ones synchronize. Second, the required switching states are flexibly realized in the form of the look-up table by programming in VHDL language for 36 switching combinations of input sectors with output ones. Third, the obtained switching states are judged whether they need commutation by delayers. Finally, the novel method proposed is implemented by switching sequencers. The simulation results have verified its feasibility.

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Wang, Sheng, Huaibao Wang, Hao Ding, Ligen Xun, and Sifan Wu. "A New SVPWM Strategy for Three-Phase Isolated Converter with Current Ripple Reduction." Energies 14, no. 16 (2021): 4966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164966.

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Three-phase isolated matrix converters enable bidirectional power conversion and galvanic isolation, and they are suitable for widespread applications in industry. However, excessive DC-link current ripple not only increases the inductor loss and switching loss but also causes more electromagnetic interference and grid current distortion. Traditionally, increasing DC-link inductance or switching frequency can reduce the current ripple to a certain extent, but it is not cost-effective due to the bulky size of the inductor and higher switching losses. To address the above issue, optimizing the modulation control strategy is more attractive. This paper proposes a new SVPWM strategy to reduce the current ripple. First, the inherent limitation of the conventional modulation scheme is revealed. Then, the new optimal modulation scheme is proposed for the isolated matrix converters to reduce the current ripple without increasing the DC-link inductor or switching frequency. Moreover, the power density of the system is effectively increased. Finally, simulation in a MATLAB environment and a laboratory prototype of the isolated matrix converter have been built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

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Cho, Young‐Min, Asad Nauman, Jae‐Won Lee, Jung‐Yeop Shin, Jin‐Hyeok Seo, and Hak‐Rin Kim. "42‐2: Self‐Scalable UV Blocking Artificial Iris Operated by Radially Controlled Crosslinking Density with Fast Switching Dynamics." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, no. 1 (2024): 549–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.17581.

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In the anatomy of human eye, the role of iris is crucial since it controls the light level entering the eye and enhances the visibility. Here, we propose a soft contact lens type artificial iris actuated by eternal UV (ultra‐violet) light source, self‐regulating its effective aperture size by varying the crosslinking density of bio‐compatible polymer matrix doped with photochromic dye. For its self‐regulating characteristic, we cured HEMA‐based polymer matrix gradually from center to edge. Since the polymer matrix is polymerized by heat, we utilized NIR (near infra‐red) lamp and gradient grayscale patterned photomask for its gradual characteristic. Thereby, the crosslinking density of central position is higher compared to that of peripheral, causing slow switching dynamics. The gradient difference in switching dynamics leads to artificial iris gaining self‐regulation dynamics of effective aperture. The manufactured artificial iris shows advantage in blocking UV light, self‐regulating, and fast switching dynamics. The switching dynamics of artificial iris under bright and dim light adaptation are less than 50 seconds and 120 seconds, showing similar property with human iris.

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Borkowski, Dariusz, and Tadeusz J. Sobczyk. "Description of matrix converter in frequency domain." Archives of Electrical Engineering 62, no. 3 (2013): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2013-0031.

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Abstract The paper presents abilities and advantages following from the use of the harmonic balance method for analysis of steady state of a multiphase system with switching devices on example of a matrix converter. Switching elements are modelled as resistances with step-wise variable parameters, what allows to describe the converter by a linear infinite set of equations. The analysis in frequency domain is presented on example of the one-periodic control strategy. External systems were also added using the Thevenin method approach. The numerical calculation results of a linear equations set were verified by the variable structure method in a time domain and the numerical convergence was confirmed. Furthermore, the exemplary complex system was analysed using the cascade method and current waveforms were obtained.

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Lee, Kyo-Beum, and Frede Blaabjerg. "Disturbance Observer-Based Simple Nonlinearity Compensation for Matrix Converter Drives." Research Letters in Electronics 2009 (2009): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/215782.

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This paper presents a new method to compensate the nonlinearity for matrix converter drives using disturbance observer. The nonlinearity of matrix converter drives such as commutation delay, turn-on and turn-off time of switching device, and on-state switching device voltage drop is modeled by disturbance observer and compensated. The proposed method does not need any additional hardware and offline experimental measurements. The proposed compensation method is applied for high-performance induction motor drives using a 3 kW matrix converter system without a speed sensor. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method using disturbance observer provides good compensating characteristics.

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Wasserscheidt, Philipp. "Explaining Code-Switching. Matrix Language Models vs. Bilingual Construction Grammar." Književni jezik, no. 31 (December 2020): 57–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33669/kj2020-31-04.

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This paper challenges the concept of matrix, base or basic language used in many descriptions and models of insertional code-switching. It proposes an account based on Construction Grammar and usage-based principles. At the heart of the paper is a discussion of four problematic issues of matrix-language approaches: the unitary conception of the notion of language, the generalization that syntactic frames mirror languages, the missing independent evidence for a matrix language and the narrow scope of the models that employ this term. The proposed approach of Bilingual Construction Grammar instead operates with a more complex, usage-based concept of language affiliation and places constructions in the centre of speech production. It thus avoids too coarse global predictions in favour of construction-specific predictions. This way, the matrix-language effect can be reinterpreted as by-product of constructional processing. Instead of using the term matrix language it is thus more appropriate to speak of matrix constructions.

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Duranay, Zeynep Bala, and Hanifi Guldemir. "Simulation of boost AC-AC converter using single-phase matrix converter." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 10, no. 4 (2021): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v10.i4.pp307-314.

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Generally, AC-AC converters are implemented using thyristors. These converters generate harmonics and have a low power factor. To eliminate these problems matrix converters (MC) are become used as AC-AC converter. Matrix converters have the capability of being used as frequency changer, rectifier, inverter and chopper. In this work, it is proposed to achieve the desired output of AC-AC Boost converter using single phase matrix converter (SPMC). The operation of single-phase AC-AC boost converter using MC is studied in this paper. The output voltage of this boost converter is higher than the AC input supply voltage. insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are used as the switching elements in the SPMC power circuit. Sinusoidal Pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique is applied to generate switching signals to obtain the output voltage. The model of the matrix converter is constructed in MATLAB/Simulink programming software package. The behavior of SPMC is simulated with various switching frequencies. The simulation results together with harmonic spectrum and total harmonic distortion (THD) values are presented. Successful operation of boost SPMC is achieved.

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Zeynep, Bala Duranay, and Guldemir Hanifi. "Simulation of boost AC-AC converter using single-phase matrix converter." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering 10, no. 4 (2021): 307~314. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7344559.

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Generally, AC-AC converters are implemented using thyristors. These converters generate harmonics and have a low power factor. To eliminate these problems matrix converters (MC) are become used as AC-AC converter. Matrix converters have the capability of being used as frequency changer, rectifier, inverter and chopper. In this work, it is proposed to achieve the desired output of AC-AC Boost converter using single phase matrix converter (SPMC). The operation of single-phase AC-AC boost converter using MC is studied in this paper. The output voltage of this boost converter is higher than the AC input supply voltage. insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are used as the switching elements in the SPMC power circuit. Sinusoidal Pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique is applied to generate switching signals to obtain the output voltage. The model of the matrix converter is constructed in MATLAB/Simulink programming software package. The behavior of SPMC is simulated with various switching frequencies. The simulation results together with harmonic spectrum and total harmonic distortion (THD) values are presented. Successful operation of boost SPMC is achieved.

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Wu, Yuqian, Shuang You, Yi Li, Yunlong Liang, and Jixin Wang. "Load analyzing of nonstationary load history of engineering vehicles by switching Markov chain." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 09, no. 06 (2018): 1850057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962318500575.

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Engineering vehicles are widely used under various harsh working conditions. For many components in them, service loadings they suffered are usually random and nonstationary due to their remarkable characteristic called cyclic operation. To deal with that, section method can be applied. However, this method will neglect those transition cycles caused by switching load section, which can contribute a lot to fatigue. In order to consider those transition cycles, this paper applied the model called “Switching Markov Chain of Turning Points” (SMCTP). Then the expected rain-flow matrix is compared with the overall rain-flow matrix conducted by section method. The comparison result shows that SMCTP can perform well in processing nonstationary loadings. As a result, the Switching Markov Chain method (SMC) was proved to be effective in stochastically characterizing the nonstationary switching loadings of engineering vehicles.

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Wu, Chen-Yu. "Event-based switching control for production inventory systems with time-varying delays." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 42, no. 9 (2019): 1585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219892147.

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This paper investigates event-based switching control for production inventory systems with time-varying delays. The different subsystems are established to describe the fact that the different production rates are adjusted to meet the different customer needs, and the conditions of average dwelling time are used to constrain the switchings. The event-triggered scheme, where the event generates when the relative error between the current review-data and the last transmission review-data exceeds a certain threshold, depicts the transmission of raw materials (or finished products) in practice. Then, the sufficient conditions of exponentially stable with a prescribed disturbance attenuation level [Formula: see text] and controller synthesis are formulated as linear matrix inequalitiess for the production inventory switching systems. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Switching matrix'

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