Academic literature on the topic 'Switching point control'
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Journal articles on the topic "Switching point control"
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Jun, Eun-Su, and Sangshin Kwak. "A Highly Efficient Single-Phase Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) Converter Based on Predictive Control with Reduced Number of Commutations." Energies 11, no. 12 (2018): 3524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123524.
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This paper proposes a highly efficient single-phase three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) converter operated by a model predictive control (MPC) method with reduced commutations of switches. The proposed method only allows switching states with none or a single commutation at the next step as candidates for future switching states for the MPC method. Because the proposed method preselects switching states with reduced commutations when selecting an optimal state at a future step, the proposed method can reduce the number of switchings and the corresponding switching losses. Although the proposed method slightly increases the peak-to-peak variations of the two dc capacitor voltages, the developed method does not deteriorate the input current quality and input power factor despite the reduced number of switching numbers and losses. Thus, the proposed method can reduce the number of switching losses and lead to high efficiency, in comparison with the conventional MPC method.
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Branco, P. Daniel, Gregory Yablonsky, Guy B. Marin, and Denis Constales. "The switching point between kinetic and thermodynamic control." Computers & Chemical Engineering 125 (June 2019): 606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.06.022.
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Rustamov, G. A., M. B. Namazov, A. Y. Gasimov, and R. G. Rustamov. "Control of Dynamic Objects in the Conditions of Uncertainty in the Point Sliding Mode." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 20, no. 12 (2019): 714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.20.714-722.
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There is development of the well-known sliding mode, which in the classical formulation didn’t find the development to be applied to control systems discussed. Alternatively, there is method of organizing one of the uniformity of the sliding mode called the "point sliding mode" proposed. The distinctive feature of this mode is that here the control gaps occur at time-equal points of the switching line (hyperplane) which allows the origin of coordinates for a finite number of switches. The possibility of changing the time interval between these points makes it possible to obtain various modes: a finite mode, in which a given point is reached from any initial state in one switch, and in this mode the switch line is "isochronous"; point sliding mode in which a given point is reached in a finite number of switchings; limit mode, when the length of time intervals tend to zero, and the switching frequency to infinity. Considering this feature the concept of "degree of slip" is introduced. It is shown that in the case of forced movement in the SPS, a sliding motion is observed, which does not allow for ensuring invariance with respect to external disturbances. There are two ways to eliminate the forced component of the movement offered. One of the advantages of using a point sliding mode is that, in order to improve performance, it is not necessary to use a boundary layer, which is realized by entering various logical conditions into the control algorithm. The practical significance of a point sliding mode lies in the fact that, with a small switching frequency, it is possible to maintain the quality indices of an undefined object within an acceptable interval. The studies were conducted for onedimensional second-order linear systems (SISO). Results can be generalized for higher order multidimensional systems. Solution of model problems on MATLAB / Simulink allows us to make a number of positive conclusions that are of great practical importance in terms of expanding the area of use of skipping modes, especially in relation to the management of undefined objects.
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Fang, Ji Wen, Zhi Li Long, Lu Fan Zhang, Jian Dong Cai, and Long Sheng Nian. "Control Analysis of Point-to-Point Positioning Based on Macro-Micro Stage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 1563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.1563.
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Macro-micro stage can achieve large travel range and high precision positioning. The macro stage is driven by voice coil motor (VCM). The micro stage is actuated by the piezoelectric (PZT). The positioning theory of macro-micro stage is described. In this paper, the compensating method of point-to-point (PTP) positioning is divided into two types: compensation before steady state (CBS) and compensation after steady state (CAS). The different control strategies are applied to meet CAS and CBS. Because of the structure of macro-micro stage and the saturation of micro stage, switching control plays an important role in realizing high precision PTP motion. When the error of the macro stage is less than the threshold and also the system meets the switching conditions, the compensation signal is sent to the PZT control loop for high resolution compensation. Finally, the numerical simulation results show that the positioning accuracy of dual stage is higher than single macro stage and can reach nanometer scale.
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Karamanakos, Petros, Peter Stolze, Ralph M. Kennel, Stefanos Manias, and Hendrik du Toit Mouton. "Variable Switching Point Predictive Torque Control of Induction Machines." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 2, no. 2 (2014): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2013.2296794.
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Wang, Lu Jun, Tao Gong, and Jun Zhu. "Robust Predictive Control for NPC Grid-Connected Inverters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.522.
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In this paper, the state space model of neutral point clamped three-level grid-connected inverter is detailed derived and an Robust Predictive Control (RPC) method is proposed. In the proposed method, the total 27 switching vectors composed of a finite set from which the optimal switching vector is selected according to a cost function. The robust performance is improved just by increasing switching frequency. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a flexible control purposes and we can optimize the synthesize performance just by adjusting weighting coefficients of cost function. In addition, RPC controller has a robust performance in tracking output reference current and balancing neutral point voltage.
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Zuraidi, Md Tahir, Jidin Auzani, and Luqman Mohd Jamil Mohd. "Multi-carrier switching strategy for high-bandwidth potential balancing control of multilevel inverters." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 4 (2021): 2384–92. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i4.pp2384-2392.
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This paper confers on investigation of a direct torque control (DTC) of induction motor drive by 3 level neutral point clamp (NPC) multilevel inverter. The imbalance problem may deteriorate the electric drive performances which might cause a short circuit condition. Various balancing control strategies were proposed, however, most of them employed complex space vector modulation (SVM) and hysteresis-based controller that generates variable switching frequencies. The proposed method will offer a reliable balancing control strategy with a constant switching frequency, and moreover, it will provide excellent electric drive performances. This research proposed a new multi carrier switching modulation strategy that establish a high-band-width control for neutral point potential in the NPC inverter. Potency of the proposed high-bandwidth potential balancing strategy is validated through the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
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Ahmed, Mostafa, Ibrahim Harbi, Ralph Kennel, José Rodríguez, and Mohamed Abdelrahem. "Maximum Power Point Tracking-Based Model Predictive Control for Photovoltaic Systems: Investigation and New Perspective." Sensors 22, no. 8 (2022): 3069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22083069.
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In this paper, a comparative review for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques based on model predictive control (MPC) is presented in the first part. Generally, the implementation methods of MPPT-based MPC can be categorized into the fixed switching technique and the variable switching one. On one side, the fixed switching method uses a digital observer for the photovoltaic (PV) model to predict the optimal control parameter (voltage or current). Later, this parameter is compared with the measured value, and a proportional–integral (PI) controller is employed to get the duty cycle command. On the other side, the variable switching algorithm relies on the discrete-time model of the utilized converter to generate the switching signal without the need for modulators. In this regard, new perspectives are inspired by the MPC technique to implement both methods (fixed and variable switching), where a simple procedure is used to eliminate the PI controller in the fixed switching method. Furthermore, a direct realization technique for the variable switching method is suggested, in which the discretization of the converter’s model is not required. This, in turn, simplifies the application of MPPT-based MPC to other converters. Furthermore, a reduced sensor count is accomplished. All conventional and proposed methods are compared using experimental results under different static and dynamic operating conditions.
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Matoglu, Melda Ormeci, John H. Vande Vate, and Haiyue Yu. "The economic average cost Brownian control problem." Advances in Applied Probability 51, no. 01 (2019): 300–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apr.2019.12.
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AbstractIn this paper we introduce and solve a generalization of the classic average cost Brownian control problem in which a system manager dynamically controls the drift rate of a diffusion process X. At each instant, the system manager chooses the drift rate from a pair {u, v} of available rates and can invoke instantaneous controls either to keep X from falling or to keep it from rising. The objective is to minimize the long-run average cost consisting of holding or delay costs, processing costs, costs for invoking instantaneous controls, and fixed costs for changing the drift rate. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions on the cost parameters to ensure the problem admits a finite optimal solution. When it does, a simple control band policy specifying economic buffer sizes (α, Ω) and up to two switching points is optimal. The controller should invoke instantaneous controls to keep X in the interval (α, Ω). A policy with no switching points relies on a single drift rate exclusively. When there is no cost to change the drift rate, a policy with a single switching point s indicates that the controller should change to the slower drift rate when X exceeds s and use the faster drift rate otherwise. When there is a cost to change the drift rate, a policy with two switching points s < S indicates that the controller should maintain the faster drift rate until X exceeds S and maintain the slower drift rate until X falls below s.
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Sone, Satoru, and Hitomi Irinatsu. "Precise control of switching time point of power semiconductor devices." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 106, no. 3 (1986): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1972.106.249.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Switching point control"
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Jiao, Yang. "High Power High Frequency 3-level NPC Power Conversion System." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56653.
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The high penetration of renewable energy and the emerging concept of micro-grid system raises challenges to the high power conversion techniques. Multilevel converter plays the key role in such applications and is studied in detail in the dissertation.
The topologies and modulation techniques for multilevel converter are categorized at first by a thorough literature survey. The pros and cons for various multilevel topologies and modulation techniques are discussed. The 3-level neutral point clamped (NPC) topology is selected to build a 200kVA, 20 kHz power conversion system.
The modularized phase leg building block of the converter is carefully designed to achieve low loss and stress for high frequency and high power operation. The switching characteristics for all the commutation loops of 3-level phase leg are evaluated by double pulse tests. The switching performance is optimized for loss and stress tradeoff. A detailed loss model is built for system loss distribution and loss breakdown calculation. Loss and stress for the phase leg and 3-phase system are quantified at all power factors.
The space vector modulation (SVM) for 3-level NPC converter is investigated to achieve loss reduction, neutral voltage balance and noise reduction. The loss model and simulation model provides a quantitative analysis for loss and neutral voltage ripple tradeoff. An improved SVM method is proposed to reduce NP imbalance and switching loss simultaneously. This method also ensures an evenly distributed device loss in each phase leg and gives a constant system efficiency under different power factors.
Based on the improved modulation strategy, a new modulation scheme is then proposed with largely reduced conduction loss and switching stress. Moreover, the device loss and stress distribution on a phase leg is more even. This scheme also features on the simplified implementation. The improved switching characteristics for the proposed method are verified by double pulse tests. Also the system loss breakdown and the phase leg loss distribution analysis shows the loss reduction and redistribution result.
The harmonic filter for the grid interface converter is designed with LCL topology. A detailed inductor current ripple analysis derives the maximum inductor current ripple and the ripple distribution in a line cycle. The inverter side inductor is designed with the optimum loss and size trade-off. The grid side inductor is designed based on grid code attenuation requirement. Different damping circuits for LCL filter are evaluated in detail. The filter design is verified by both simulation and hardware experiment.
The average model for the 3-level NPC converter and its equivalent circuit is derived with the consideration of damping circuit in both ABC and d-q frame. The modeling and control loop design is verified by transfer function measurement on real hardware. The control loops design is also tested and verified on real hardware.
The interleaved DC/DC chopper is introduced at last. The different interleaving methods and their current ripple are analyzed in detail with the coupled and non-coupled inductor. An integrated coupled inductor based on 3-dimentional core structure is proposed to achieve high power density and provide both CM and DM impedance for the inductor current and output current.<br>Ph. D.
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Al, Shammeri Bashar Mohammed Flayyih. "A novel induction heating system using multilevel neutral point clamped inverter." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/8305.
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This thesis investigates a novel DC/AC resonant inverter of Induction Heating (IH) system presenting a Multilevel Neutral Point Clamped (MNPCI) topology, as a new part of power supply design. The main function of the prototype is to provide a maximum and steady state power transfer from converter to the resonant load tank, by achieving zero current switching (ZCS) with selecting the best design of load tank topology, and utilizing the advantage aspects of both the Voltage Fed Inverter (VFI) and Current Fed Inverter (CFI) kinds, therefore it can considered as a hybrid-inverter (HVCFI) category . The new design benefits from series resonant inverter design through using two bulk voltage source capacitors to feed a constant voltage delivery to the MNPCI inverter with half the DC rail voltage to decrease the switching losses and mitigate the over voltage surge occurred in inverter switches during operation which may cause damage when dealing with high power systems. Besides, the design profits from the resonant load topology of parallel resonant inverter, through using the LLC resonant load tank. The design gives the advantage of having an output current gain value of about Quality Factor (Q) times the inverter current and absorbs the parasitic components. On the contrary, decreasing inverter current means decreasing the switching frequency and thus, decreasing the switching losses of the system. This aspect increases the output power, which increases the heating efficiency. In order for the proposed system to be more reliable and matches the characteristics of IH process , the prototype is modelled with a variable LLC topology instead of fixed load parameters with achieving soft switching mode of ZCS and zero voltage switching (ZVS) at all load conditions and a tiny phase shift angle between output current and voltage, which might be neglected. To achieve the goal of reducing harmonic distortion, a new harmonic control modulation is introduced, by controlling the ON switching time to obtain minimum Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) content accompanied with optimum power for heating energy.
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Liang, Mincui. "Dynamic Wireless Charging System." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0072.
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Le transfert dynamique de puissance sans fil est une solution prometteuse pour recharger les véhicules électriques lors de la conduite. Il s’agit cependant d’un défi technique en raison de la nature faiblement couplée et dynamique du système. Pour relever ce défi, cette thèse propose une nouvelle méthode de contrôle du point de commutation pour assurer un transfert de puissance élevé et efficace pour une large gamme de valeurs de couplage. La thèse a examiné en profondeur le transfert de puissance sans fil série-série et, du point de vue de la conception et du contrôle, a étudié en profondeur tous les aspects techniques qui pourraient potentiellement affecter les performances du système en théorie en simulation et en pratique. Du point de vue de la conception du système, différentes méthodes de modélisation et de calcul théoriques ont d’abord été réalisées pour calculer, sélectionner et valider les composants clés du système et leurs valeurs. Une approche de conception et d’analyse paramétrique basée sur un modèle holistique a été adoptée pour générer et évaluer des alternatives de conception du système par rapport avec des critères de performance spécifiques. Par conséquent, une conception optimale du système de transfert d’énergie sans fil série-série a été obtenue avec un rapport de fréquence de résonance proche de l’unité et des performances élevées pour une large plage de couplage et de fréquences de fonctionnement. Du point de vue du contrôle du système, des analyses systématiques ont d’abord été effectuées pour comprendre en profondeur les relations entre les fréquences de fonctionnement et la puissance de sortie et identifier les fréquences optimales qui pourraient être potentiellement utilisées comme variables de contrôle pour optimiser les performances des systèmes. Au cours du processus, un triangle de puissance a été introduit pour relier fréquence, déphasage et puissance et suggérer un contrôle du dispositif de transfert d’énergie sans fil en mode dynamique. Cette démarche n’a pas besoin des informations côté secondaire du système. La méthode proposée a non seulement résolu les trois problèmes majeurs liés au contrôle des systèmes de transfert d’énergie sans fil série-série, à savoir la bifurcation de fréquence, les solutions multiples pour un rayon de contrôle et l’instabilité, mais a également assuré que le système pouvait atteindre un transfert de puissance maximale avec un rendement supérieur à 90% tant en statique qu’en dynamique. De plus, grâce au suivi des deux variables d’état, le système est auto protégé contre les circuits ouverts et les court-circuits<br>Dynamic wireless power transfer is a promising solution for charging electric vehicles while driving. It is, however, technically challenging due to the loosely-coupled and dynamic nature of the system. To address this challenge, this thesis proposed a novel switching point control method to ensure a high and efficient power transfer for a wide range of coupling situations. The thesis took a deep dive into the series-series wireless power transfer and, from both design and control perspectives, thoroughly investigated all the technical aspects which could potentially affect the system performances in theory and practice. From the system design perspective, different theoretical modelling and calculation methods were first derived to compute, select and validate the key components of the system and their parameters. A holistic model-based parametric design and analysis approach was adopted to generate and evaluate design alternatives of the system against specified performance criteria. Consequently, an optimal design of the series-series wireless power transfer system was achieved with a close-to-one resonant frequency ratio and high performances for the wide ranges of coupling situations and operating frequencies. From the system control perspective, systematic analyses were first carried out to thoroughly understand the interrelations between the operating frequencies and output power and identify the optimal frequencies which could be potentially utilised as control variables for optimising the performance of the system. During the process, a power triangle effect was discovered to reveal the causal relationship between frequency, phase shift and power, and to provide insights into the control of dynamic wireless power transfer systems. The proposed control method did not only solve the three major problems related to the control of series-series wireless power transfer systems, i.e. frequency bifurcation, multiple solutions for one control radius and oscillation, but also ensured the system could achieve a high and efficient power transfer under dynamic operating conditions and in the meantime provide self-protection to the wireless power transfer systems
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Abbas, Ghulam. "Analysis, modelling, design and implementation of fast-response digital controllers for high-frequency low-power switching converters." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0055.
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L'objectif de la thèse est de concevoir des compensateurs discrets qui permettent de compenser les non-linéarités introduites par les différents éléments dans la boucle de commande numérique, tout en maintenant des performances dynamiques élevées, des temps de développement rapide, et une structure reconfigurable. Ces compensateurs discrets doivent également avoir des temps de réponse rapide, avoir une déviation de la tension minimale et avoir, pour un étage de puissance donné, un temps de récupération rapide de la tension. Ces performances peuvent être atteintes par des compensateurs discrets conçus sur la base de techniques de contrôle linéaires et non linéaires. Pour obtenir une réponse rapide et stable, la thèse propose deux solutions : La première consiste à utiliser des techniques de contrôle linéaires et de concevoir le compensateur discret tout en gardant la bande passante la plus élevée possible. Il est communément admis que plus la bande passante est élevée, plus la réponse transitoire est rapide. L‘obtention d’une bande passante élevée, en utilisant des techniques de contrôle linéaires, est parfois difficile. Toutes ces situations sont mises en évidence dans la thèse. La seconde consiste à combiner les techniques de contrôle linéaires avec les techniques de contrôles non linéaires tels que la logique floue ou les réseaux de neurones. Les résultats de simulations ont permis de vérifier que la combinaison des contrôleurs non-linéaires avec les linéaires ont un meilleur rendement dynamique que les contrôleurs linéaires lorsque le point de fonctionnement varie. Avec l'aide des deux méthodes décrites ci-dessus, la thèse étudie également la technique de l’annulation des pôles-zéros (PZC) qui annule la fonction de transfert du convertisseur. Quelques modifications des techniques classiques de contrôle sont également proposées à partir de contrôleurs numériques afin d’améliorer les performances dynamiques. La thèse met également en évidence les non-linéarités qui dégradent les performances, propose les solutions permettant d'obtenir les meilleures performances, et lève les mystères du contrôle numérique. Une interface graphique est également introduite et illustrée dans le cas de la conception d'un convertisseur abaisseur de tension synchrone. En résumé, cette thèse décrit principalement l'analyse, la conception, la simulation, l’optimisation la mise en œuvre et la rentabilité des contrôleurs numériques. Une attention particulière est portée à l'analyse et l'optimisation des performances dynamique à haute fréquence et pour de faibles puissances des convertisseurs DC-DC abaisseur de tension. Ces convertisseurs fonctionnent en mode de conduction continue (CCM) à une fréquence de commutation de 1 MHz et s’appuie sur des techniques de contrôle linéaires et non linéaires de façon séquentielle<br>The objective of the thesis is to design the discrete compensators which counteract the nonlinearities introduced by various elements in the digital control loop while delivering high dynamic performance, fast time-to-market and scalability. Excellent line and fast load transient response, which is a measure of the system response speed, with minimal achievable voltage deviation and a fast voltage recovery time for a given power stage can be achieved through the discrete compensators designed on the basis of linear and nonlinear control techniques. To achieve a stable and fast response, the thesis proposes two ways. One way is to use linear control techniques to design the discrete compensator while keeping the bandwidth higher. It is well-known fact that the higher the bandwidth, the faster is the transient response. Achieving higher bandwidth through linear control techniques sometimes becomes tricky. All those situations are highlighted in the thesis. The other way is to hybridize the linear control techniques with the nonlinear control techniques such as fuzzy logic or neural network based control techniques. Simulation results verify that hybridization of nonlinear controllers with the linear ones have better dynamic performance over linear controllers under the change of operating points. Along with using the two methodologies described above, the thesis also investigates the pole-zero cancellation (PZC) technique in which the poles and zeros of the compensator are placed in such a way that they cancel the effect of the poles or zeros of the buck converter to boost the phase margin at the required bandwidth. Some modifications are also suggested to the classical control techniques based digital controllers to improve the dynamic performance. The thesis highlights the nonlinearities which degrade the performance, a cost-effective solution that achieves good performance and the mysteries of digital control system. A graphical user interface is introduced and demonstrated for use with the design of a synchronous-buck converter. In summary, this thesis mainly describes the analysis, design, simulation, optimization, implementation and cost effectiveness of digital controllers with particular focus on the analysis and the optimization of the dynamic performance for high-frequency low-power DC-DC buck converter working in continuous conduction mode (CCM) operating at a switching frequency of 1 MHz using linear and nonlinear control techniques in a very sequential and comprehensive way
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Seywald, Hans. "Optimal control problems with switching points." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135220/.
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Krška, Vlastimil. "Digitálně řízený spínaný napájecí zdroj." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219162.
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This master’s thesis is an introduction to switching mode power supplies, especially focused on digital control. It summarizes the basic topologies of switching mode power supplies, and discusses the fundamental issues of digital power supply control. It also summarizes basic informations about Piccolo microcontrolers, about experimental kit and about main parts of sample source code. Also is described here own implementation of the control law and the theory and implementation of maximum power point tracking. The conclusion of this thesis deals with implemantation a testing of the designed digitally controled switching power supply.
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Michl, Pavel. "Začleňování fotovoltaických elektráren do elektrizační soustavy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218537.
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The thesis discuses an integration of photovoltaic power stations to electric network. The first part describes connecting conditions of small sources to distribution system, including administrative requirements, feasibility study, and requirements to the energy meters, measuring, control devices, switching devices and protection. The second part is aimed to describe problems of the photovoltaic system. Solar radiation generating and reducing of its intensity incident upon the earth surface are described in this part. The quantum of produced electric power depends on climatic conditions in the fixed area, seasons, etc. This work also discusses the types of photovoltaic cells and their actual efficiency. Inverters are further important components of the photovoltaic system. The parameters of the inverters have a great influence on the total actual efficiency of the photovoltaic system. Different methods of the photovoltaic panels’ connection with the inverters and their advantages and disadvantages are also mentioned. The supporting structure of the photovoltaic panels and eventually transformer are further important components of photovoltaic system. The work also analyze the methods of connection of the photovoltaic power station to distributive low voltage and medium voltage network, electric energy accumulation and possibilities of the sale of produced electric energy. The large number of the connected photovoltaic power stations has negative influences to electric network. The third part contains the design of a photovoltaic power plant with a capacity of 516,24 kWp on the scoped area in southern Bohemia. The project documentation for the location where the power plant is designed is also made. It contains the design of photovoltaic panels, the design of the inverters to get an optimal power load. This part also contains a calculation of the photovoltaic system losses and the design of transformer and the cable junction calculation of the distributive system. The feasibility study of the power plant connected to distributive system is also conducted. Its delivery rate will be connected to the distribution point Řípov (110/22 kV). The calculation results show us that this photovoltaic power plant can be linked to the distribution system. The final part of this paper contains an economic estimate of the photovoltaic power plant operating and the calculation of the return. An Economic return is influenced by the wide range of values that affect the total return rate. The calculation of an operating economy is made for several variants. The return rate in refer to contemporary redemption price for 2010 with no consideration for a bank loan is 7 years. If we consider the bank loan it would be 12 years. The penetrative reduction of the redemption price is expected for 2011. Calculation works with the decline of 30 %. It would extend the rate of return to 11 years without a bank loan or to 22 years with the bank loan. The bank loan is considered to cover 80 % of the investment.
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Tien, Chih-Ming, and 田志明. "Switching Control Strategy for Fast Set-point Tracking." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56447082982950067149.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>化學工程學研究所<br>89<br>During start-up of the chemical processes, it is preferably to reach standard operating condition in minimum time to increase the time for normal production. In batch processes,frequent set-point changes are needed in reactor temperature to follow optimum trajectory. In the above situations, it requires the controlled variable to reach the new set-point in minimum time with no or very little overshoot.
In this thesis, a simple switching control strategy is proposed for chemical processes that can be approximated as second-order dynamic model with deadtime. Maximum and/or minimum manipulated variable changes in association with PID controller will be utilized to constitute this switching
controller for reaching set-point in minimum time and with no overshoot. The switching point in the control is calculated from time or the feedback controlled variable. The usage of this switching control strategy can be extended to highly nonlinear processes. Several numerical examples will be used to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed design in this thesis.
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Yeh, Che-Hao, and 葉哲豪. "A 6.78MHz GaN-based Class-E Resonant Wireless Power Transfer System with Automatic Matching Point Searching Control for Zero Voltage Switching and Zero Voltage Derivative Switching." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vhn2qr.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>電控工程研究所<br>106<br>Wireless power transfer system (WPT) technology in recent years gradually improves. A large number of commercial electronic equipment have great demands for high power. Thus, high power and high efficiency become an important issue. WPT system includes transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX). During the transmission, the changes of load and the relative distance affect transmission power and efficiency. Generally speaking, the most common solution is the frequency modulation technique but it contradicts the switching frequency requirement in the A4WP specifications. That is, the modulated frequency is far from the desired switching frequency which is defined as 6.78MHz ± 15kHz. Another intuitive practice is to use a number of compensation capacitors to digitally modulate and achieve the matching requirements corresponding to the variations of WPT system. Unfortunately, in order to resist wide load variation in high power demands, this modulation method must be combined with multiple high voltage switches and compensation capacitors, thereby occupying a larger footprint area and reducing control efficiency. In this thesis, a main structure with a Class-E power amplifier and a Gallium Nitride (GaN) power transistor used at the TX terminal are proposed. The control circuit causes the GaN power transistor to reach zero voltage (ZVS) switching and zero voltage derivative (ZVDS) switching. The power transmission achieves high power and high efficiency simultaneously. Moreover, compared with the state-of-the-arts, due to the voltage controlled compensation capacitor in the analogy modulation method, the control is relatively simple and area efficient.
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Van, der Merwe Jacobus Stefanus. "The design of an electro-optic control interface for photonic packet switching applications with contention resolution capabilities." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29241.
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The objective of the research is to design an electro-optic control for the Active Vertical Coupler-based Optical Cross-point Switch (OXS). The electronic control should be implemented on Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and therefore the design will include the PCB design as well. The aim of the electronic control board is to process the headers of the packets prior to entering the OXS to be switched and from the information in the headers, determine the state that the OXS should be configured in. It should then configure the optical cross-point accordingly. The electronic control board should show flexibility in the sense that it can handle different types of traffic and resolve possible contention that may occur. The research seeks to understand the problems associated with Photonic Packet Switching (PPS) networks. Two of the main problems identified in a PPS network are contention resolution and the lack of variable delays for storing optical packets. The OXS was analyzed and found to meet the requirements for future ultra-high speed PPS network technology with its high extinction ratio, wide optical bandwidth, ultra-fast switching speed and low crosstalk levels. Photonic packets were generated with 4-bit, 8-bit or 16-bit headers at a bit rate of 155 Mbit/s followed by a PRBS (Pseudo Random Bit Sequence) payload at 10 Gbit/s. Different scenarios were created with these types of packets and the electro-optic control and OXS were subjected to these scenarios with the aim of testing the flexibility of the electro-optic control to control the OXS. These scenarios include: <ul><li>Fixed length packets arriving synchronously at one input of the OXS. Some packets are destined for output 1, some are destined for output 2 and some are destined for output 3, therefore realizing a 1-to-3 optical switch.</li> <li>Eight variable length packets arriving synchronously at the OXS at one input, all of them destined for one output. The electro-optic control should open the switch cell for the correct amount of time.</li> <li>Three variable length packets arriving synchronously and asynchronously at one input of the OXS. Some packets are destined for output 1 while other packets are destined for output 2. The electro-optic control should open the correct switch cell for the correct amount of time.</li> <li>Two fixed length packets arriving at the OXS synchronously on different input ports at the same time, both destined for the same output port. The electro-optic control should detect the contention and switch the packets in such a way as to resolve the contention.</li> The electro-optic control and OXS managed to switch all these types of data traffic (scenarios) successfully and resolve the contention with an optical delay buffer. The success of the results was measured in two ways. Firstly it was deemed successful if the expected output sequence was measured at the corresponding output ports. Secondly it was successful if the degradation in quality of the packet was not drastic, meaning the output packets should have an BER (Bit Error Rate) of less than 10-9. The quality of the packets was measured in the form of eye diagrams before and after the switching and then compared. The research resulted in the design and implementation of a flexible electro-optic control for the OXS. The problem of contention was resolved for fixed length synchronous packets and a proposal is discussed to store packets for variable lengths of time by using the OXS. This electro-optic control has the potential to control the OXS for traffic with higher complexities and make the OXS compatible with future developments.<br>Dissertation (MEng (Electronic Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2008.<br>Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering<br>MEng<br>unrestricted
Books on the topic "Switching point control"
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., ed. Optimal control problems with switching points. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1991.
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Datta, Debasish. Optical Networks. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834229.001.0001.
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This book presents an in-depth deliberation on optical networks in four parts, capturing the past, present, and ensuing developments in the field. Part I has two chapters presenting an overview of optical networks and the enabling technologies. Part II has three chapters dealing with the single-wavelength optical networks: optical LANs/MANs, optical access networks using passive optical network architecture, SONET/SDH, optical transport network and resilient packet ring. Part III consists of four chapters on WDM-based optical networks, including WDM-based local/metropolitan networks (LANs/MANs) using single and multihop architectures over passive-star couplers, WDM/TWDM access networks as an extension of PONs with WDM transmission, WDM metro ring networks covering circuit-switched (using point-to-point WDM and wavelength-routed transmission) plus packet-switched architectures and WDM long-haul backbone networks presenting the offline and online design methodologies using wavelength-routed transmission. Part IV deals with some selected topics in six chapters. The first deals with transmission impairments and power-consumption issues in optical networks, while the next three chapters deal with the survivable optical networks, network control and management techniques, including GMPLS, ASON, and SDN/SDON, and datacenter networks using electrical, optical, and hybrid switching techniques. The final two chapters present elastic optical networks using flexible grid for better utilization of the optical-fiber spectrum and optical packet and burst-switched networks. The three appendices present the basics of the linear programming techniques, noise processes encountered in the optical communication systems, and the fundamentals of queuing theory and its applications in telecommunication networks. (238 words)
Book chapters on the topic "Switching point control"
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Li, Xiao-Li. "Switching Set-Point Control of Nonlinear System Based on RBF Neural Network." In Advances in Neural Networks – ISNN 2007. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72383-7_12.
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Głąbowski, Mariusz, Maciej Sobieraj, and Maciej Stasiak. "Modified Direct Method for Point-to-Point Blocking Probability in Multi-service Switching Networks with Resource Allocation Control." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14413-5_9.
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Huang, Xiaohua, Bin Wei, Chong Xu, Zhen Wu, and Chenyang Xia. "Constant Voltage Output Wireless Power and Information Transmission System Based on ZCS Resonance Point Switching Method." In Proceedings of PURPLE MOUNTAIN FORUM 2019-International Forum on Smart Grid Protection and Control. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9783-7_61.
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Tröltzsch, Fredi. "Semidiscrete Finite Element Approximation of Parabolic Boundary Control Problems — Convergence of Switching Points." In Optimal Control of Partial Differential Equations II: Theory and Applications. Birkhäuser Basel, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7627-8_13.
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Oh, Soo Kwang, Seoyeon Hong, and Hee Sun Park. "The Tipping Point." In Research Anthology on Usage, Identity, and Impact of Social Media on Society and Culture. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6307-9.ch072.
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While previous researchers have addressed motivations to join and continue using social media, this paper focuses on why users quit certain social media and change their favorite platforms, such as the current shift from Facebook to Twitter to Instagram and Snapchat. Furthermore, this exploratory study seeks to build an understanding of social media usage and motivations for switching from a cross-cultural perspective by comparing findings from Korean and U.S. users. Findings from 19 focus group sessions (n = 118) highlight influences regarding modes of usage, user control, commitment, addiction, privacy, perceived relationships, self-construals, and social/cultural trends. Findings are further analyzed and compared in light of relevant theoretical frameworks and cultural differences.
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Muthamizhan, T., D. Silas Stephen, and A. Sivakumar. "ANFIS Controller Based Speed Control of High-Speed BLDC Motor Drive." In Intelligent Systems and Computer Technology. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc200164.
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The paper aims to define the speed control of Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) drive using an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS) controller. ANFIS controller-based switching scheme reduces the power quality issues present in the system by minimizing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Incremental conductance algorithm-based control technique for the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in variable solar irradiation conditions for photovoltaic (PV) system is proposed. INC algorithm are used to operate the photovoltaic panels at maximum power, by generating PWM pulse to control the flyback converters in differential power processing mode. BLDC motor drive is electronically commutated by means of switching logical pulses from the rotor position sensor using PI controllers. The simulation shows the significance and robustness of BLDC drive and the results offered illustrates the intended control is effective, with fast responseandminimum settling times.
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Yeh, Lian-Tuu. "Outdoor Electronic Equipment." In Thermal Management of Telecommunication Equipment, Second Edition. ASME, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.887264_ch8.
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The outdoor electronic equipment includes a large variety of various types of systems. Among them are the outside plant (OSP) and the remote radio head (RRH) for telecommunication applications. The OSP refers to all of the physical cabling and supporting infrastructure such as conduit, cabinets, towers or poles, and any associated hardware located between a demarcation point in a switching facility and a demarcation point in another switching center or customer premises. On the other hand, the RRH describes an operator radio control panel that connects to a remote radio transceiver via electrical or wireless interface. From the methods of equipment mounting, the outdoor system can generally be classified into two groups. One is the ground or vehicle mounted equipment and another is the tower or pole mounted systems.
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Hakim, Denoun, Benyahia Nabil, Zaouia Mustapha, Benamrouche Nacereddine, Salah Haddad, and Sadek Ait Mamar. "Modelling and Realisation of a Three-Level PWM Inverter Using a DSP Controller to Feed an Asynchronous Machine." In Handbook of Research on Advanced Intelligent Control Engineering and Automation. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7248-2.ch025.
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Multilevel inverters have seen an increasing popularity in the last few years for medium- and high-voltage applications. The most popular has been the three-level neutral clamped inverter. Multilevel inverters synthesize output voltage from more than two voltage levels. Thus, the output signal spectrum is significantly improved in comparison with the classical two-level converters. This chapter discusses modelling and control of a Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter which operates with the PWM switching pattern using a DSP. The mathematical model of the NPC inverter is carried out using conversion and connection functions for an easier understanding of the system operation. Simulation results using MATLAB program are reported, and it is shown that the performances obtained for driving an asynchronous motor using this inverter are very promising. Finally, analysis of the theoretical and the experimental results is carried out in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control solution.
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"Preface." In Improved Indirect Power Control (IDPC) of Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS), edited by Fayssal Amrane and Azeddine Chaiba. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789811412677119010002.
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HOW TO USE THIS BOOK This book offers advanced Power Control such as: Indirect Power Control (IDPC) to overcome wind-system DFIG limitation performances under different wind speed and parameters changement conditions. This book is addressed to students of: License, Master degrees and also for Post-graduation (PhD students) in order to understand the wind-system basics especially: Power electronics control (in this proposed Book we used SVM in order to fix the switching frequency), Powerflow DFIM diagram & Maximum power point tracking strategy. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors declare no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Firstly, I would like to thank Allah, for His mercy on me during all my life, and praise Prophet MOHAMMAD (Peace be upon him!). I would like to express my appreciation to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this book. I wish to express my best gratitude and thanks to my Co-Editor, Pr Azeddine CHAIBA, for his technical guidance, his intellectual support and encouragement of my research work.
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"Indirect Power Control (IDPC) of DFIG Using Classical & Adaptive Controllers Under MPPT Strategy." In Improved Indirect Power Control (IDPC) of Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS), edited by Fayssal Amrane and Azeddine Chaiba. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789811412677119010005.
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In this chapter, we present a comparative study of conventional Indirect Power Control (IDPC) algorithm of DFIG-Wind turbine in grid-connection mode, using PI and PID controllers via Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy. Firstly, the conventional IDPC based on PI controllers will be described using simplified model of DFIG through stator flux orientation and wind-turbine model. The MPPT strategy is developed using Matlab/Simulink® with two wind speed profiles in order to ensure the robustness of wind-system by maintaining the Power coefficient (Cp) at maximum value and reactive power at zero level; regardless unexpectedF wind speed variation. Secondly, the rotor side converter (RSC) and Grid side converter (GSC) are illustrated and developed using Space vector modulation (SVM) in order to minimize the stress and the harmonics and to have a fixed switching frequency. In this context, the switching frequency generated by IDPC to control the six IGBTs of the inverter (RSC), and this control algorithm works under both Sub- and Supersynchronous operation modes and depending to the wind speed profiles. The quadrants operation modes of the DFIG are described in details using real DFIG to show the power flow under both modes (motor and generator in the four (04) quadrants. Finally, the conventional IDPC have several drawbacks as: response time, power error and overshoot. In this context, the PID and MRAC (adaptive regulator) controllers are proposed instead of the PI to improve the wind-system performances via MPPT strategy with/without robustness tests. The obtained simulation results under Matlab/Simulink® show high performances (in terms of power error, power tracking and response time) in steady and transient states despite sudden wind speed variation, whereas big power error and remarkable overshoot are noted using robustness tests, so the proposed IDPC can not offer big improvement under parameter variation.
Conference papers on the topic "Switching point control"
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Rafetseder, David, and Florian Poltschak. "Position-Sensorless Control and End-Position Monitoring of a Two-Point Switching Actuator." In 2024 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/speedam61530.2024.10609218.
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Du, Liyang, Xia Du, Yuxiang Chen, Haodong Yang, Hui Cao, and H. Alan Mantooth. "Optimal Point Derive for SiC MOSFET Switching Ringing Damping with Active Gate Driver Control." In 2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ecce55643.2024.10861808.
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Babadzanjanz, L. K., I. Yu Pototskaya, Yu Yu Pupysheva, and V. S. Korolev. "EXPENDITURE OPTIMAL CONTROL FOR A SATELLITE MOVING CLOSE TO THE LIBRATION POINT." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/6.1/s28.64.
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Satellite motion control in the vicinity of the libration point with expenditure criteria is considered. Expenditure optimization is natural in the case, where it is necessary to keep mechanical system in the neighborhood of the equilibrium point for a long time. Disturbing factors from time to time distort this system unacceptably far from the equilibrium point, and we need to extinguish these deviations, using fuel or another resource, which reserves are limited. Optimization of the satellite motion control according to this criterion is important not only from the economic and technical side, but also brings an environmental effect. Features of the presented mathematical problem definition are following. While deviations from the equilibrium point are very small, its controlled motion can be by linear differential equations with constant coefficients. The admissible control is a piecewise polynomial function that blanks selected frequency components of the solution of linear equations at the terminated moment T. As the expenditure functional we use the integral of the sum of the control coordinates modules along the interval [0,T]. As the results of solving the problem, formulas and an algorithm for finding the control switching points satisfying the expenditure functional extremum necessary conditions are proposed.
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Karamanakos, P., P. Stolze, R. Kennel, S. Manias, and T. Mouton. "Variable switching point predictive torque control." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2013.6505709.
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Wendel, Sebastian, Petros Karamanakos, Armin Dietz, and Ralph Kennel. "Operating Point Dependent Variable Switching Point Predictive Current Control for PMSM Drives." In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (PRECEDE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/precede.2019.8753362.
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Singh, Bhupal, S. S. Dhillon, and Sonali Negl. "Convertor Performance Evaluation at Load Switching Point." In 2021 4th International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rdcape52977.2021.9633561.
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Baglietto, Marco, Giorgio Battistelli, and Pietro Tesi. "Set-point tracking in mode-observable switching linear systems." In 2011 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference (CDC-ECC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6161355.
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Simonsen, Maria, Henrik Schioler, and John Leth. "Investigation of random switching driven by a poisson point process." In 2015 IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cca.2015.7320870.
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Stolze, Peter, Petros Karamanakos, Ralph Kennel, Stefanos Manias, and Toit Mouton. "Variable switching point predictive torque control for the three-level neutral point clamped inverter." In 2013 15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe.2013.6631894.
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Alevras, Ilias, Petros Karamanakos, Stefanos Manias, and Ralph Kennel. "Variable switching point predictive torque control with extended prediction horizon." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2015.7125445.
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