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Brüggmann, Dörthe, Jana Kollascheck, David Quarcoo, et al. "Ectopic pregnancy: exploration of its global research architecture using density-equalising mapping and socioeconomic benchmarks." BMJ Open 7, no. 10 (2017): e018394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018394.
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ObjectiveAbout 2% of all pregnancies are complicated by the implantation of the zygote outside the uterine cavity and termed ectopic pregnancy. Whereas a multitude of guidelines exists and related research is constantly growing, no thorough assessment of the global research architecture has been performed yet. Hence, we aim to assess the associated scientific activities in relation to geographical and chronological developments, existing research networks and socioeconomic parameters.DesignRetrospective, descriptive study.SettingOn the basis of the NewQIS platform, scientometric methods were combined with novel visualising techniques such as density-equalising mapping to assess the scientific output on ectopic pregnancy. Using the Web of Science, we identified all related entries from 1900 to 2012.Results8040 publications were analysed. The USA and the UK were dominating the field in regard to overall research activity (2612 and 723 publications), overall citation numbers and country-specific H-Indices (US: 80, UK: 42). Comparison to economic power of the most productive countries demonstrated that Israel invested more resources in ectopic pregnancy-related research than other nations (853.41 ectopic pregnancy-specific publications per 1000 billlion US$ gross domestic product (GDP)), followed by the UK (269.97). Relation to the GDP per capita index revealed 49.3 ectopic pregnancy-specific publications per US$1000 GDP per capita for the USA in contrast to 17.31 for the UK. Semiqualitative indices such as country-specific citation rates ranked Switzerland first (24.7 citations per ectopic pregnancy-specific publication), followed by the Scandinavian countries Finland and Sweden. Low-income countries did not exhibit significant research activities.ConclusionsThis is the first in-depth analysis of global ectopic pregnancy research since 1900. It offers unique insights into the global scientific landscape. Besides the USA and the UK, Scandinavian countries and Switzerland can also be regarded as leading nations with regard to their relative socioeconomic input.
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Kučera, Zdeněk, and Tomáš Vondrák. "International cooperation in research and development of Artificial Intelligence – publication and patent activity." ERGO 14, no. 1 (2019): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ergo-2019-0001.
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Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the dynamically evolving research fields on the global scale. The world production of publication associated with the AI field increased by a third over the four-year period 2013–2017. Even less research intensive countries as Iran, Turkey, India and Indonesia appear to increase the share of the AI topics in their publication output. In the Czech Republic the fraction of publications in the AI field increased by approximately 10 % over this period. It makes the lowest increase within the EU/EEA. The field normalized citation index of the Czech publications in the year 2016 was above the world average but it is deeply below the top countries USA, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Singapore, and Norway. The extent of international cooperation in AI is generally below the world average. The Czech Republic falls into the group of less cooperating countries. The countries exhibiting the highest growth in AI research are underrepresented in the Czech cooperation portfolio. The fraction of Czech publications in AI coauthored by foreign authors is lower than the national average. It indicates a lower international collaboration in comparison with other research fields. CR falls also in the group of countries less engaged in the international cooperation. The Czech international collaboration misses the countries exhibiting the most vigorous R&D in AI. The international collaboration adds to the quality of the research. The Czech publications originating from the international collaboration are cited above the country average for the AI field. It is even more significant in the collaboration with researchers from the top countries in the AI R&D. The patent activity in the AI field has grown significantly in recent years. There is a marked increase of patent applications having inventors/applicants from more than one country. It indicates that the applied R&D in AI has a more international character in comparison with other technology fields. A high intensity of collaboration in the authorship of patent applications is within language and geographically neighbouring countries and with countries having a highly internationalized R&D system. Multinational corporations involved in international innovation networks contribute also to the international cooperation. ICT corporations like IBM, Google, or Microsoft which often employ foreign researchers have a dominant role in international cooperation. The R&D of the Czech enterprises is relatively closed to the international cooperation. Domestic enterprises in AI use foreign employees in a small extent. The domestic enterprises even do not tap into the pool of intellectual property authored by the Czech researchers. The majority of patents with participation of Czech inventors is registered by foreign corporations.
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Olson, Nasrine, and Juhee Bae. "Biosensors—Publication Trends and Knowledge Domain Visualization." Sensors 19, no. 11 (2019): 2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112615.
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The number of scholarly publications on the topic of biosensors has increased rapidly; as a result, it is no longer easy to build an informed overview of the developments solely by manual means. Furthermore, with many new research results being continually published, it is useful to form an up-to-date understanding of the recent trends or emergent directions in the field. This paper utilizes bibliometric methods to provide an overview of the developments in the topic based on scholarly publications. The results indicate an increasing interest in the topic of biosensor(s) with newly emerging sub-topics. The US is identified as the country with highest total contribution to this area, but as a collective, EU countries top the list of total contributions. An examination of trends over the years indicates that in recent years, China-based authors have been more productive in this area. If research contribution per capita is considered, Singapore takes the top position, followed by Sweden, Switzerland and Denmark. While the number of publications on biosensors seems to have declined in recent years in the PubMed database, this is not the case in the Web of Science database. However, there remains an indication that the rate of growth in the more recent years is slowing. This paper also presents a comparison of the developments in publications on biosensors with the full set of publications in two of the main journals in the field. In more recent publications, synthetic biology, smartphone, fluorescent biosensor, and point-of-care testing are among the terms that have received more attention. The study also identifies the top authors and journals in the field, and concludes with a summary and suggestions for follow up research.
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Khyzhnyak, I. "An Australia`s Quest For Own Political Diversity: An Inside View (late the XIX-th – early the XX-th Centuries)." Problems of World History, no. 12 (September 29, 2020): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2020-12-5.
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The publication consists of the two parts. The first one has the characteristic features of the premier Constitution of Australia, which at that historical period, had to be considered as an intervening stage to obtain targeting independence and sovereignty so urgently strived for by that country. The key purpose for the country forming matter of the foregoing basic statute book was to ensure a juridical versatility of the machinery of the new state. The main plot of this principal legal document seemed to point out the presence of a certain dilemma along with its subjectly indexed initially forming constituents.
 Their first part was of an juridical content. The Constitution of Switzerland was chosen as an optional example and exposed it in the form of a full-scaled replica for the basic principal law of the above-mentioned country. The second part of it was lavishly marked with its clear-cut specific and historical character and called upon to faithfully reproduce a certain «safety cushion» to ensure successfully achieved harmony in operating the whole mechanism of the State government.
 The second part of the publication is dedicated to the historical activity of forming and developing of a certain rationally consistent formal and informal institutions as well as their impact on specific and historical determining elements to construct a new country in the Southern continent.
 So, as it is known, politics as a fundamental stuff of art gatherings inside all possible potentials define primarily means and resources of an entire compromise. And due to that its basic political model preferred by authoritative commanding establishment appeared to be as a perfect tool for veritable consensus. So, the mentioned pattern had been originated and settled with “a political treasure house” as well as being received by the Australian liberals as an inheritage from their British counterparts. And starting from that historical period and onwards among other rhetorical earnings of the local authoritative officers there had been occurring a firm political credo: “We’re always ready to make a compromise!”.
 And therefore the whole number of parties as well as the entire Australian political milieu, over the first decade of the XX-th century, inspite of all rather sharp confrontations among liberals, laborites, conservatives, social reformers, socialists and others, had also been keeping on to follow almost half of a century long historically lasted tour. And all that was performed to the key official political course responsive to the State’s national interests.
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Harker, K. Neil, and John T. O'Donovan. "Recent Weed Control, Weed Management, and Integrated Weed Management." Weed Technology 27, no. 1 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00109.1.
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Integrated weed management (IWM) can be defined as a holistic approach to weed management that integrates different methods of weed control to provide the crop with an advantage over weeds. It is practiced globally at varying levels of adoption from farm to farm. IWM has the potential to restrict weed populations to manageable levels, reduce the environmental impact of individual weed management practices, increase cropping system sustainability, and reduce selection pressure for weed resistance to herbicides. There is some debate as to whether simple herbicidal weed control programs have now shifted to more diverse IWM cropping systems. Given the rapid evolution and spread of herbicide-resistant weeds and their negative consequences, one might predict that IWM research would currently be a prominent activity among weed scientists. Here we examine the level of research activity dedicated to weed control techniques and the assemblage of IWM techniques in cropping systems as evidenced by scientific paper publications from 1995 to June 1, 2012. Authors from the United States have published more weed and IWM-related articles than authors from any other country. When IWM articles were weighted as a proportion of country population, arable land, or crop production, authors from Switzerland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Australia, and Canada were most prominent. Considerable evidence exists that research on nonherbicidal weed management strategies as well as strategies that integrate other weed management systems with herbicide use has increased. However, articles published on chemical control still eclipse any other weed management method. The latter emphasis continues to retard the development of weed science as a balanced discipline.
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Redko, Andrey N., Tatyana A. Kovelina, Ekaterina L. Nikulina, Darya V. Veselova, and Mariya S. Kuzmenko. "Nikolay N. Petrov: Ethos of a Scientist and a Doctor." Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 26, no. 5 (2019): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2019-26-5-143-152.
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Aim. In this work, the authors set out to perform a historical analysis of Nikolay Petrov’s life journey and scientific work, as well as to demonstrate the importance of the Kuban period in his formation as an individual, a scientist and as a founder of domestic medical deontology.Materials and methods. In this study, the authors used archival documents; works of Nikolay Petrov; as well as the following methods: historical-descriptive, comparative-historical, problem-chronological, biographical along with the method of monographic description.Results. The life and professional journey of Nikolay Petrov can be divided into several periods, each of them playing an important role in his formation as an individual and as a scientist. The fi rst period (‘St Petersburg period’) covers his brilliant upbringing, education at the Military Medical Academy in Saint Petersburg, work as a medical resident at the Surgery Department of the Academy, as well as the publication of his first scientific works and the defence of the doctoral thesis in medicine. During the second period (‘abroad period’), Nikolay Petrov completed advanced training at the Pasteur Institute and worked at the clinics of Switzerland, Austria and Germany. The third period (‘teaching period’) covers the time when Nikolay Petrov was simultaneously working as a surgeon and a teacher at the Military Medical Academy; his fundamental works on surgery and oncology were published. The forth ‘military period’ coincided with the years of the First World War when Nikolay Petrov worked as a surgeon at the hospitals of the Russian Red Cross Society while continuing his research. The fifth period (‘Kuban period’) coincided with the years of revolutionary upheavals, civil war and moving to Kuban. In 1917–1922 Nikolay Petrov had to choose between emigration and his motherland. He stayed true to his profession and his homeland. Nikolay Petrov devoted himself to serving the ‘new’ country, actively participated in the organisation of the Kuban Medical University and wrote a number of works on surgery, including the first work on medical deontology in the country. The sixth period is called ‘return to St Petersburg’ where in 1925 Nikolay Petrov organised the Oncology Department at the Mechnikov hospital, which under his guidance became the first research institute for oncology in our country. This period was marked by the recognition of his talent as a doctor and a scientist by the public and government.Conclusion. Nikolay Petrov‘s ethos as a scientist and a doctor was formed under the influence of his challenging life journey, with the Kuban period being a turning point in his life.
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Meseguer-Sánchez, Víctor, Francisco Jesús Gálvez-Sánchez, Gabriel López-Martínez, and Valentín Molina-Moreno. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability. A Bibliometric Analysis of Their Interrelations." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (2021): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041636.
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Traditional economic system has brought important negative implications regarding environmental development, as well as an unequal distribution of wealth, which has led to ecological disasters and population imbalances. Considering the existence of unequal opportunities and access to resources in a global economy, it would be relevant to study the interrelations between the concepts of Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Global and multifactorial issues require the review of fieldworks and their connections. From this perspective, the present research aims to analyze the relationships between the concepts of Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability in order to understand the advances of current scientific production and future lines of research. In this way, there is a considerable increase of interest in this line of research, highlighting García-Sánchez as the most productive author, Business, Management and Accounting as the most studied topic, and Sustainability Switzerland as the most productive journal. The country with the most publications and citations is the United States, and the most productive institution is Universidad de Salamanca. Future lines of research should focus on the social dimension and its possibilities in the field of Circular Economy. Finally, a line of research is proposed that also includes the proposals from the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
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Anderson, Janet E., Karina Aase, Roland Bal, et al. "Multilevel influences on resilient healthcare in six countries: an international comparative study protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (2020): e039158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039158.
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IntroductionResilient healthcare (RHC) is an emerging area of theory and applied research to understand how healthcare organisations cope with the dynamic, variable and demanding environments in which they operate, based on insights from complexity and systems theory. Understanding adaptive capacity has been a focus of RHC studies. Previous studies clearly show why adaptations are necessary and document the successful adaptive actions taken by clinicians. To our knowledge, however, no studies have thus far compared RHC across different teams and countries. There are gaps in the research knowledge related to the multilevel nature of resilience across healthcare systems and the team-based nature of adaptive capacity.This cross-country comparative study therefore aims to add knowledge of how resilience is enabled in diverse healthcare systems by examining adaptive capacity in hospital teams in six countries. The study will identify how team, organisational and national healthcare system factors support or hinder the ability of teams to adapt to variability and change. Findings from this study are anticipated to provide insights to inform the design of RHC systems by considering how macro-level and meso-level structures support adaptive capacity at the micro-level, and to develop guidance for organisations and policymakers.Methods and analysisThe study will employ a multiple comparative case study design of teams nested within hospitals, in turn embedded within six countries: Australia, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland and the UK. The design will be based on the Adaptive Teams Framework placing adaptive teams at the centre of the healthcare system with layers of environmental, organisational and system level factors shaping adaptive capacity. In each of the six countries, a focused mapping of the macro-level features of the healthcare system will be undertaken by using documentary sources and interviews with key informants operating at the macro-level.A sampling framework will be developed to select two hospitals in each country to ensure variability based on size, location and teaching status. Four teams will be selected in each hospital—one each of a structural, hybrid, responsive and coordinating team. A total of eight teams will be studied in each country, creating a total sample of 48 teams. Data collection methods will be observations, interviews and document analysis. Within-case analysis will be conducted according to a standardised template using a combination of deductive and inductive qualitative coding, and cross-case analysis will be conducted drawing on the Qualitative Comparative Analysis framework.Ethics and disseminationThe overall Resilience in Healthcare research programme of which this study is a part has been granted ethical approval by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data (Ref. No. 8643334 and Ref. No. 478838). Ethical approval will also be sought in each country involved in the study according to their respective regulatory procedures. Country-specific reports of study outcomes will be produced for dissemination online. A collection of case study summaries will be made freely available, translated into multiple languages. Brief policy communications will be produced to inform policymakers and regulators about the study results and to facilitate translation into practice. Academic dissemination will occur through publication in journals specialising in health services research. Findings will be presented at academic, policy and practitioner conferences, including the annual RHC Network meeting and other healthcare quality and safety conferences. Presentations at practitioner and academic conferences will include workshops to translate the findings into practice and influence quality and safety programmes internationally.
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Liew, Chee Hwui, and Gerard Thomas Flaherty. "View From Above: Bibliometric and Citation Analysis of Global High Altitude Medicine Research." International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 8, no. 3 (2020): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.19.
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Introduction: High altitude destinations are popular among international travelers. Travel medicine practitioners should be familiar with altitude physiology and high altitude illness recognition, prophylaxis, and management. We performed the first bibliometric analysis of high altitude medicine research. Methods: All articles published in a specialist high altitude medicine journal through April 2020 were mapped against the 34 domains in a theoretical body of knowledge. Citation counts of articles, as well as authors publishing the most articles, were obtained from Scopus. Collaboration analysis was performed using established methods. Results: Mapping of 1150 articles published from 2000 to 2020 identified the leading domains represented by high altitude medicine articles. The top five domains were altitude acclimatization and deterioration (19.4%, n=510); cardiovascular physiology (6.8%, n=180); work at altitude (6.6%, n = 174); acute mountain sickness (6.4%, n=169); respiratory and acid-base physiology (5.9%, n=155). Published articles attracted a total of 13,324 citations, with a mean of 11.6 citations per article. The average number of citations per author was 22.3. The USA was the most productive country with 432 publications (37.6%), followed by the UK (9.5%, n=109) and Switzerland (5.6%, n=64). The collaboration index for multi-authored publications increased from 3.8 in 2002 to 5.4 in 2019. Conclusion: We have performed the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis in high altitude medicine. Efforts to increase the research activity in neglected topics and to promote greater collaboration between high altitude medicine and related fields of study such as travel medicine may be worthwhile.
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Sloboda, John A., and Jane Ginsborg. "25 years of ESCOM: Achievements and challenges." Musicae Scientiae 22, no. 2 (2018): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864918764574.
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This reflection on the first 25 years of ESCOM’s activities is in two parts. In the first part we analyse the country and discipline spread of contributors to its journal Musicae Scientiae and its formal membership. In the second we address the choice of “cognitive sciences of music” as the initial focus of both Society and journal by comparing the topics of early meetings and publications with those that are current now. Journal contributors and members are both concentrated in a small number of countries. When corrected for population size, the countries with the highest levels of activity are, in order: Finland, Estonia, UK, Sweden, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, and Austria. This has not changed substantially over the duration of ESCOM’s existence. In contrast, there have been significant changes in the disciplinary spread of contributions, psychology becoming increasingly popular in recent years to the near exclusion of some other disciplinary approaches including ethnomusicology, computational modelling and theoretical musicology. Current topics include performance and composition, emotion, musical development, perception, music therapy and well-being, music learning, preferences, cognition, and neuropsychological approaches. An early aspiration of the Society was that the wide range of disciplines represented by the cognitive sciences of music might eventually converge, but this has proved difficult to achieve. An increasing convergence on the use of English as its normative language, however, has provided ESCOM with both new challenges and some opportunities.
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Shaha, Maya. "Country Profile: Switzerland." Nursing Ethics 11, no. 4 (2004): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733004ne716xx.
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Gessler, Michael, Sandra Bohlinger, and Olga Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia. "International Vocational Education and Training Research: An Introduction to the Special Issue." International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training 8, no. 4 (2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.8.4.1.
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The seven articles in this special issue represent a wide range of international comparative and review studies by international research teams from China, Germany, India, Russia, Switzerland and Mexico. The presented projects are part of the national program "Research on the Internationalisation of Vocational Education and Training", funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). An adapted version of Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory forms the conceptual framework of the special issue. The four system levels (micro, meso, exo and macro) are addressed by one article each. The article on the microsystem level focuses on the intended and implemented curricula in a cross-country comparison of China and Russia. The article on the mesosystem level aims at the development of a quality management model for vocational education and training (VET) institutions in India. At the exolevel, the regional structures of the education and employment systems in Mexico, particularly the cooperation between schools and companies in the hotel industry, are investigated. At the macrosystem level, the social representation of non-academic labour in Mexico is examined in terms of cultural artefacts. Furthermore, three overarching review studies systematise relevant research developments and approaches. The topics of the three review studies are European VET policy, transfer of VET and VET research. The scope ranges from the development of a comparative research tool to a summary analysis of over 5,000 individual publications. Given the broad scope and heterogeneity of the findings, a summative conclusion would hardly be appropriate. Nevertheless, with regard to the model of the ‘triadic conception of purposes in comparative VET research’ that represents a heuristic for describing the purposes of international VET research, we conclude with an emphasis on a need of more criticality. In this context, one finding can be pointed out as an example: One review study found that most studies (here, with reference to VET transfer) refer to the recipient country without a comparative perspective. Thus, there is a clear demand for more comparative research following a critical-reflective approach.
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Bîlbîie, Răduţ. "The Professionalization of Public Relations in the Romanian Army." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 22, no. 2 (2016): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2016-0069.
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Abstract The communication structures of the Ministry of National Defense have a considerable seniority and have played an important role both in different historical, critical periods for the country (wars, political crises) or institutional building (the forming of the Romanian army, of the modern command structures, etc.) as well as during the transition period after 1989. The first military publication, Observatorul Militar, (Military Observer), was released in 1859, being followed by a few thousands of magazines, newsletters, specialized directories, or during the war years of information and opinion journals such as Romania, organ of the General Headquarters, in the years of World War I, or Soldatul (The Soldier), Santinela (The Sentry), during the years of World War II. One after another, others followed such as: since 1916 Studioul Cinematografic al Armatei (Army Cinema Studio), originally, a photo-cinema structure, then specialized in the documentary film: history, presentation or training, and, since 1940, on public radio frequencies Ora Ostaşului (Ora Armatei), (Soldier’s Hour, Army’s Hour), then since 1968, a television broadcast on public television station broadcasting frequencies, since 1996 the web products (the first web site of an army in Eastern Europe, the first site of a ministry within the Government of Romania). The force and the role of the structures varied from period to period Studioul cinematografic (The Cinematographic Studio) had in 1989, 217 employed people, military and civilians, today there are less than 15), according to the budgets and the importance of what they were given by the management structures. The revolution of December 1989 marked the depoliticization of the communication act and the switch to the professionalization of the specialized structures, transforming their propaganda tools into products and means of Public Relations. The years 1990-1995 have marked this process through: (a) the establishment of structures, (b), staff training (in France, Switzerland, Germany, but especially in the United States), (c) the completion of the first guides, instructions, procedures for the field, (d) the opening of the first course for specialists, (e) the initiation of a quarterly specialized magazine Panoramic militar, (Military Panorama), (f) a code of ethics for practitioners.
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Gamondi, Claudia, Tanja Fusi-Schmidhauser, Anna Oriani, Sheila Payne, and Nancy Preston. "Family members’ experiences of assisted dying: A systematic literature review with thematic synthesis." Palliative Medicine 33, no. 8 (2019): 1091–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216319857630.
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Background: Families’ experiences of assisted dying are under-investigated and families are rarely considered in clinical guidelines concerning assisted dying. Aim: To systematically review family experiences of assisted dying. Design: A systematic literature review using thematic synthesis. Data sources: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine) and PsycINFO databases (January 1992 to February 2019). Studies investigating families’ experiences on the practice of legalised assisted dying were included. We excluded studies prior to legalisation within the jurisdiction, secondary data analysis and opinion papers. Results: Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Publications were derived from four countries: The Netherlands, United States (Oregon, Washington and Vermont), Canada and Switzerland. Dutch studies predominately investigated family involvement in euthanasia, while Swiss and American studies only reported on assisted suicide. Eleven studies had a qualitative design, using predominately in-depth interviews; seven were retrospective surveys. Five analytical themes represented families’ experiences in assisted dying: (1) context of the decision, (2) grounding the decision, (3) cognitive and emotional work, (4) experiencing the final farewell and (5) grief and bereavement. The results showed that families can be very involved in supporting patients seeking assisted dying, where open communication is maintained. Family involvement appeared to be influenced by the type of legislation in their country and the families’ perception of the social acceptability of assisted dying. Conclusion: Our data confirm that families across all jurisdictions are involved in assisted suicide decision and enactment. Family needs are under-researched, and clinical guidelines should incorporate recommendations about how to consider family needs and how to provide them with evidence-based tailored interventions.
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Groneberg, David A., Hannah Braumann, Stefan Rolle, et al. "Needlestick injuries: a density-equalizing mapping and socioeconomic analysis of the global research." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 93, no. 8 (2020): 995–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-020-01547-0.
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Abstract Background Needlestick injuries have caused a deleterious effect on the physical and mental health of millions of health-care workers over the past decades, being responsible for occupational infections with viruses such as HIV or hepatis C. Despite this heavy burden of disease, no concise studies have been published on the global research landscape so far. Methods We used the New Quality and Quantity Indices in Science platform to analyze global NSI research (n = 2987 articles) over the past 115 years using the Web of Science and parameters such as global versus country-specific research activities, semi-qualitative issues, and socioeconomic figures. Results Density-equalizing mapping showed that although a total of n = 106 countries participated in NSI research, large parts of Africa and South America were almost invisible regarding global participation in NSI research. Average citation rate (cr) analysis indicated a high rate for Switzerland (cr = 25.1), Italy (cr = 23.5), and Japan (cr = 19.2). Socioeconomic analysis revealed that the UK had the highest quotient QGDP of 0.13 NSI-specific publications per bill. US-$ gross domestic product (GDP), followed by South Africa (QGDP = 0.12). Temporal analysis of HIV versus hepatitis research indicated that NSI-HIV research culminated in the early 1990s, whereas NSI-hepatitis research increased over the observed period from the 1980s until the last decade. Conclusion Albeit NSI research activity is generally increasing, the growth is asymmetrical from a global viewpoint. International strategies should be followed that put a focus on NSI in non-industrialized areas of the world.
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König, Olaf. "Cartographic storytelling: 150 years of Swiss Federal Population Census." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-182-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO) was founded in 1850 with the first exhaustive Population Census, which from then on was conducted on a ten-year cycle until 2000, and which was replaced after that by the annual “structural surveys” based on a population sample and the use of data from administrative registers. In 2018, the FSO started a project aiming to emphasize the full value of historical data from these previous Population Censuses records in order to publish some significant historical results and present on that basis some of the major developments that have occurred in Switzerland in the last 150 years. In this context, analog data have been digitized, and with this raw material, stories on important themes concerning the development of modern Switzerland have been written. These stories consist of a narrative approach that focuses on visual communication by mixing cartographic visualizations, charts and historical photographs, which support the written text and significantly contribute to the narrative.</p><p>Eight stories were drafted under this project, and their choice is based on both the availability of data over time, as well as the importance of these topics for the Swiss population and society – with the activity of official statistics always being a mirror that reflects society’s concerns. The various topics addressed in this project are population dynamics and demographic structure, cultural and religious aspects, the development of building area and the occupation of the territory, the structural development of the economy and finally the changes in the institutional structure of the country. These topics are addressed in their temporal and spatial dimension, and cover a period of more than 150 years.</p><p>This narrative approach – unique in the context of the FSO’s statistical dissemination – requires important work in the field of data visualization in particular with regard to thematic maps. Indeed, the spatial resolution of the digitized data –the smallest institutional spatial division; the Swiss municipalities – has required the production of new historicized geometries for every single Population Census since 1850. The fusions and dissociations of spatial units that have occurred during the past 150 years have profoundly marked the institutional structure of Switzerland. This dynamic is a challenge in the ongoing work of data management and cartographic production, and the FSO is proud to now have basemaps that precisely describe the state of the geometry for every census. This enables the production of numerous series of thematic maps at municipality level, and provides map readers the opportunity to observe changes in Swisssociety and its structures with unprecedented resolution over a very long time.</p><p>The dissemination of these stories is ensured through a website created ad hoc for the occasion. The production work is carried out in close collaboration with a web developer, a graphic designer and the FSO’s cartography competence center. The aim is to produce a new, original web publication intended for a broad audience, that is both relevant and attractive, and has a layout optimized to invite the user onto a visual journey in time along the history of the Federal Population Census.</p><p>With regard to cartographic visualizations, the produced maps have been the subject of a rehabilitated layout for maximum readability and efficiency and a high aesthetic quality. The addition of comments and the focus on specific observations facilitates reading and interpreting maps and supports the narrative. To provide maximum flexibility with respect to the graphics and enable quick loading of visualizations, these are integrated into HTML pages as SVG, which can subsequently be animated in the website. In a concurrent and complementary way, the produced maps are also made available in the Interactive Statistical Atlas of Switzerland (which is the FSO’s main means of thematic maps dissemination). This allows for the interactive exploration of maps, the visualization of animated time series, and data dissemination in the form of downloadable Excel files directly from the application.</p><p>This attempt at (carto)graphic narration is an opportunity to question narrative approaches in the field of graphic visualization in a very concrete framework of historical data valorization. Since storytelling and its cartographic variants in the form of story maps are an important trend today, this project provides an example and a contribution to this approach. The presentation will focus on presenting the structure and content of the stories, focusing on the cartographic and technical aspects of storytelling, and presenting the different choices and challenges encountered. In addition, editorial and technical strengths and weaknesses will also be discussed. As this project is a work in progress that will take place throughout 2019, this contribution also aims to be submitted to peer review, in order to improve our products in the future.
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Bürli, Alois. "Country Briefing Special Education in Switzerland." European Journal of Special Needs Education 8, no. 2 (1993): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0885625930080208.
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Chandelier, A., N. Delhaye, and M. Helson. "First Report of the Ash Dieback Pathogen Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus (Anamorph Chalara fraxinea) on Fraxinus excelsior in Belgium." Plant Disease 95, no. 2 (2011): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-10-0540.
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Since the early 1990s, European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) has been affected by a lethal disease caused by the ascomycete fungus, Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus, originally known under the name of its anamorph, Chalara fraxinea (2,4). Pathogenicity of H. pseudoalbidus was demonstrated by inoculations on young trees (3). This emerging pathogen induces necrosis of leaf rachises, leaf wilting and shedding, bark necrosis, and wood discoloration as well as shoot, twig, and branch dieback. First observed in Poland, ash dieback now occurs in many parts of Europe. Since 2009, a survey of ash dieback caused by H. pseudoalbidus has been conducted in Wallonia (southern Belgium). Sampling units were selected to take the occurrence of ash stands and the potential points of entry of the pathogen into the country (nurseries, sawmills, rivers, and roads) into account. While the disease was not detected in 2009, young, naturally regenerated trees displaying typical symptoms of ash dieback were found in June 2010 in Silly, a village in the province of Hainaut. Symptomatic trees were located along a road in front of a large ash stand. Examination of shoots with bark necrosis from three symptomatic trees yielded positive results on the basis of a real time PCR test developed in our laboratory for the detection of H. pseudoalbidus (1). To confirm the molecular identification, fungal isolation from discolored wood onto malt extract agar supplemented with 100 mg liter–1 of streptomycin sulfate was attempted. After 18 days at 20 to 22°C in the dark, slow-growing, dull white colonies with gray patches, resembling those of C. fraxinea, had formed. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was amplified with primers ITS1 and ITS4 (4) and partly sequenced (GenBank Accession No. FR667687). A BLASTn search in GenBank revealed that the sequence of the Belgian isolate (452 bp) displayed 100% identity with sequences of a H. pseudoalbidus isolate from Switzerland (GenBank Accession No GU586932). In contrast, the sequence showed some mismatches with that of the closely related and probably strictly saprotrophic fungus, Hymenoscyphus albidus (GenBank Accession No GU586891.1). The strain was deposited as reference material in the Fungal Biology collection (CBS 128012). To our knowledge, this is the first report of ash dieback caused by H. pseudoalbidus in Belgium. The discovery of this aggressive tree pathogen in Wallonia documents its further westward spread in Europe. In the future, we expect that H. pseudoalbidus will continue its range expansion into areas that have so far not been affected by ash dieback. References: (1) A. Chandelier et al. For. Pathol. 40:87, 2010. (2) T. Kowalski. For. Pathol. 36:264, 2006. (3) T. Kowalski and O. Holdenrieder. For. Pathol. 39:1, 2009. (4) V. Queloz et al. For. Pathol. Online publication. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.2010.00645.x, 2010.
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Aase, Karina, Veslemøy Guise, Stephen Billett, et al. "Resilience in Healthcare (RiH): a longitudinal research programme protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (2020): e038779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038779.
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IntroductionOver the past three decades, extensive research has been undertaken to understand the elements of what constitutes high quality in healthcare. Yet, much of this research has been conducted on individual elements and their specific challenges. Hence, goals other than understanding the complex of factors and elements that comprises quality in healthcare have been privileged. This lack of progress has led to the conclusion that existing approaches to research are not able to address the inherent complexity of healthcare systems as characterised by a significant degree of performance variability within and across system levels, and what makes them resilient. A shift is, therefore, necessary in such approaches. Resilience in Healthcare (RiH) adopts an approach comprising a comprehensive research programme that models the capacity of healthcare systems and stakeholders to adapt to changes, variations and/or disruptions: that is, resilience. As such, RiH offers a fresh approach capable of capturing and illuminating the complexity of healthcare and how high-quality care can be understood and advanced.Methods and analysisMethodologically, to illuminate what constitutes quality in healthcare, it is necessary to go beyond single-site, case-based studies. Instead, there is a need to engage in multi-site, cross-national studies and engage in long-term multidisciplinary collaboration between national and international researchers interacting with multiple healthcare stakeholders. By adopting such processes, multiple partners and a multidisciplinary orientation, the 5-year RiH research programme aims to confront these challenges and accelerate current understandings about and approaches to researching healthcare quality.The RiH research programme adopts a longitudinal collaborative interactive design to capture and illuminate resilience as part of healthcare quality in different healthcare settings in Norway and in five other countries. It combines a meta-analysis of detailed empirical research in Norway with cross-country comparison from Australia, Japan, Netherlands, Switzerland and the UK. Through establishing an RiH framework, the programme will identify processes with outcomes that aim to capture how high-quality healthcare provisions are achieved. A collaborative learning framework centred on engagement aims to systematically translate research findings into practice through co-construction processes with partners and stakeholders.Ethics and disseminationThe RiH research programme is approved by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data (No. 864334). The empirical projects selected for inclusion in this longitudinal research programme have been approved by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data or the Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics. The RiH research programme has an embedded publication and dissemination strategy focusing on the progressive sharing of scientific knowledge, information and results, and on engaging with the public, including relevant patient and stakeholder representatives. The findings will be disseminated through scientific articles, PhD dissertations, presentations at national and international conferences, and through social media, newsletters and the popular media.
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Gómez-Botero, Maryory Astrid. "Editorial." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, no. 95 (December 10, 2019): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20191152.
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When a researcher is devoted to a specific interest, an essential part of his strategy as a scientist is to influence with his own knowledge the core of international researchers within the field. In fact, in each specialty there are concentric nuclei of larger (international), intermediate (national), and small (regional) influence in the scientific orientation of a certain area of knowledge. This is the reason for the existence of scientific journals: the open and free discussion of experimental findings, hypotheses and theories, not only from Experimental Sciences but also from Social Sciences and Humanities [1].Before focusing on scientific journals, it is necessary to elucidate the fundamental difference between scientific and academic journals. The first is a trusted communication channel of a broad, international and in some cases interdisciplinary scientific community; and the second represents the advances of an academic community, sometimes only publishing the research of a particular institution. This difference allows us to better understand the demands of quality and rigor of a scientific journal.Another definition of Scientific Journal could be a periodical publication, whose object is the scientific communication that results in the advancement of science, normally publishing novel investigations that have been evaluated and verified through a peer review process. The journals involve the scientific method since it is an essential part in their last phase: communication and publication of results [2].Scientific journals constitute the means through which researchers share their achievements and review the research conducted by their colleagues in their respective disciplines. They are the mechanism by which an editorial team, adopting a peer review system, transforms a manuscript into a scientific article. Correspondingly, the scientific edition is a fundamental component in the cycle of scientific knowledge generation. Therefore, it can be affirmed that what a scientific journal with international visibility publishes is Science. This is the importance of the scientific journal in society, thus it highlights the value of the work of the editors, peer reviewers and the publishing institutions. In turn, it imposes an ethical framework for action on all of these actors, which is expressed in a set of good scientific publishing practices commonly accepted throughout the world.The functions of a scientific journals can be summarized as a reliable collective knowledge base, communicating information among scholars. The results that test the hypotheses or respond to the objectives have been obtained through presumably valid methodologies; they represent the frontier of research in a scientific field; they are proof of the findings found by a scientific investigation; likewise, journals Identify the researcher in certain development: finally, the accumulation of articles published over time represents the body of knowledge within the discipline.The edition of scientific journals has undergone radical changes in the last twenty years, since the first fully electronic scientific journals were created, and printed journals began to move to this format. There are several reasons for this necessary evolution: printed journals are more limited than the digital versions, because of the restriction in number of pages, the articles of a particular issue are expected to be approved and assembled at the same time they are printed, printing and distribution costs are high and do not add value to the editorial project, two-dimensional articles (flat graphics, limit on color images, no possibility of recording moving images or animated graphics), low visibility (low circulation, lower distribution and few readers ), sometimes they are locked in library shelves, inability to search by fields or words in the text, lack of hypertextuality (ability to make interconnections between texts), which results in publication delays, and some other restrictions. In short, today the scientific publication is digital.The evolution of scientific journals leads to their recognition as an indispensable instrument for science in all fields of knowledge, without any other cultural artifact that replaces it completely or that fulfills its functions effectively - the thematic repositories and Mega journals are an attempt. The policies of Open Science, Open Data and Open Access are not in conflict with the nature of scientific journals, but instead, they propose a different business model. The scientific journal is a cultural project that is healthful, long-standing, and that will certainly continue to evolve to make the most out of its electronic format.Currently, there are large differences between the number and characteristics of journals between countries and regions. McVeigh announced that the distribution of ISI journals (predecessor of the current WoS) varied significantly according to the region, because their number was much higher in western and English-speaking countries (belonging to the so-called center or scientific nucleus) than in the rest of countries. In fact, North America and Western Europe had 90% of all journals indexed in ISI. The peripheral journals (the rest of the countries) have common peculiarities. For example, they are usually published in local languages, they have less presence of commercial publishers and a smaller number of indexed titles. Among these, Latin American journals have their own characteristics, such as the edition in Spanish and Portuguese, the publication by universities and the wide adoption of open access [3].Some developing countries known as BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) have begun to compete with some Western countries. Sometimes South Korea is included and then the acronym becomes "BRICKS". 40% of the planet's capital lives in those places, including 18% of the global economy [4]. According to Ulrich data, the nucleus (United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands and Germany) has 41.3% of the world's active scientific journals. BRICS countries publish 19.4% and reached 20.4% if South Korea (BRICKS) is added. Latin America publishes 6.8% and reaches 9.1%. Countries not included in the previous groups share the remaining 30.2%. As for continents, a third part of all journals are published in Western Europe, 22% in North America, 21% in Asia, 12% in Eastern Europe, 7% in Latin America and the remaining 4% between Africa and Oceania.According to country rankings, BRICKS countries have climbed many positions in the world rankings, especially China, but also Russia, India, Brazil and South Korea [5]. The scientific production of all researchers affiliated with academic institutions in a country is related to the production of journals, according to the SJR. Most countries have a similar relative contribution in articles and journals, except for two special cases: The Netherlands and China. The first has a production of articles much lower than that of journals, no doubt due to the Dutch titles of Elsevier, with an eminently contribution of international authors. The opposite is the case of China, since few of its journals are indexed in sources of international impact and Chinese researchers tend to publish in foreign journals. Other emerging countries such as India, South Korea and Russia follow similar patterns and are more productive in articles than in journals. Some of these do not publish many journals, nor do they have a large number of top-level academic institutions, but they have many researchers who publish their articles in journals in other countries.The dominance of the United States has been compromised by the explosive growth in productivity of China, which is the second largest economy in absolute terms throughout the reference period 1996-2014, a position in which it has settled since 2005. It is also worth noting some rising powers such as India, South Korea and Brazil. On the European periphery, some countries are declining (for example, France, Switzerland, Poland and Sweden) and some others are stable (Spain and Italy, mainly) [4].
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Dessimoz, Jean-Daniel, Jana Koehler, and Thilo Stadelmann. "AI in Switzerland." AI Magazine 36, no. 2 (2015): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v36i2.2591.
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Although Switzerland is a small country, it is home to many internationally renowned universities and scientific institutions. The research landscape in Switzerland is rich, and AI-related themes are investigated by many teams under diverse umbrellas. This column sheds some light on selected developments and trends on AI in Switzerland as perceived by members of the Special Interest group on Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science (SGAICO) organizational team, which has brought together researchers from Switzerland interested in AI and cognitive science for over 30 years.
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Creola, Peter. "Switzerland and space – how a small country succeeds." Space Policy 15, no. 1 (1999): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0265-9646(99)00006-5.
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Bianchi, Cristina. "Emergency Planning in Switzerland." Atlanti 25, no. 2 (2015): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.25.2.25-33(2015).
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Switzerland is a relatively safe and neutral country. The main risks of losing information, though, are through water and fire. Risk management includes emergency planning to quickly react against floods - lakes, rivers, cascades, glaciers and dams represent a wealthy use of hydropower in this alpine country - and fire or worse, arson. In practice, not many entities have yet thought of writing an emergency plan for saving their archives, and they find themselves lost when something happens, because they are unable to reactivate their business with vital documents in a couple of days… A special entity within the Swiss Civil Protection, called the Cultural Property Protection (PBC) specializes in training young men to protect cultural goods in their region. They will inspect the place, create an inventory with pictures, and propose an emergency plan. When an accident or natural disaster happens, they will be called on duty and asked to physically protect the goods by taking them out of the damaged building, ensure packing and store them in a safe place. How this works, under which legislation and what practical tools (inventory sheet, emergency evacuation sheet) the PBC uses to achieve this mission are the aspects that this article will develop.
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von Harnier, Louis. "Continuing HE and Industry in Europe." Industry and Higher Education 5, no. 3 (1991): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229100500306.
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This article reports on research into the status of continuing higher education in a highly centralized country (France) and decentralized country (Switzerland). Relationships between universities and employment are examined and the distinctive features of the higher education culture in each country are analysed. The article concludes that, perhaps surprisingly, continuing higher education has developed in a fairly decentralized way in France and in a centralized fashion in Switzerland.
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Missbach, Andreas. "Die Schweiz als Steueroase." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 39, no. 154 (2009): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v39i154.444.
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Although Switzerland is not a typical tax haven. Switzerlands legal system has some distinctive features that allows foreign individuals and companies to evade taxes, The most important is the distinction between tax evasion and tax fraud. with only the latter being a criminal offense. Therefore Switzerland gives no juridical or administrative assistance in cases of tax evasion, which has helped the country to become the most important offshore private banking place. Roughly one Third of worldwide crossborder private wealth is managed in Switzerland, between 1.25 to 3.6 trillion francs are not taxed in the country of origin.
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Majid, Kashef A. "Drawing negative inferences from a positive country-of-origin image." International Marketing Review 34, no. 2 (2017): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-03-2015-0060.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how a positive country-of-origin image will impact consumer perceptions for a high-risk product when the price is unexpectedly low. Design/methodology/approach An experimental approach was used with consumers from the USA and India. Consumers were divided into groups and given two scenarios that involved purchasing medicine that may have been counterfeit. In one scenario manufacturing took place in India, the other in Switzerland. They were asked to state the probability that certain goods could be counterfeit if they originated from the stated country and then make choices based on those perceived probabilities. An analysis of variance was conducted to test for differences between groups. Findings The authors found that in both samples consumers attached greater probabilities toward low-priced medicines if they originated from Switzerland vs India. Conversely, the higher priced medicines were more likely to be counterfeit if they originated from India vs Switzerland. When given a choice scenario consumers chose more versions of the cheaper products from India than from Switzerland. Originality/value When country-of-origin is salient then it is believed that a positive country-of-origin image will benefit products that are produced from that country. Consumers expect that more expensive products come from a country with a positive country-of-origin image. The results demonstrate that when there is a conflict between expectations of the country and the price of the product the outcome is lowered perceptions and consumption of the product. This holds true for consumers from a high-cost economy (USA) and consumers from a low-cost economy (India). The authors add to the literature on country-of-origin by demonstrating that a positive image can be a liability when consumers are wary of purchasing a high-risk product.
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Schroedter, Julia H., Jörg Rössel, and Georg Datler. "European Identity in Switzerland." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 662, no. 1 (2015): 148–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215595394.
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We analyze the impact of intermarriage, and transnational social relations and experiences on the emergence of European identity. According to the structuralist theory of identification, European social relations, with European intermarriage as an especially important relation, and experiences should explain European identifications. Our analysis is based on a survey in Zurich, Switzerland, providing a broad array of data that allow testing the impact of a European partner on European identification for Swiss and how transnational social relations and experiences contribute to both Swiss and non-Swiss feeling European. Overall, we find that a partner from another European country (for Swiss natives) and transnational social relations and experiences have an important role in explaining European identification. The most important differences are between Swiss and EU citizens living in Switzerland where, for the latter, the meaning of Europe is differently constructed. Specifically, EU citizens see less conflict between national and European identification.
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Schoenenberger, Andreas W., and Andreas E. Stuck. "Health Care for Older Persons in Switzerland: A Country Profile." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 54, no. 6 (2006): 986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00746.x.
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Pogorletskii, A. "Switzerland: Features of Business Culture and Management." World Economy and International Relations, no. 2 (2013): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-2-42-50.
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Despite weaknesses the Swiss management model keeps demonstrating its competitive ability. In large part it is accounted for the fact that not the engineer-technocrat's psychology, but that of a peasant-manager in the nature of the Swiss makes them realists, and the direct democracy allows to consider the interests of all population groups (any Swiss is primarily a citizen of his municipality and a worker of his enterprise, and only after current issues are arranged he is a citizen of his country). “Small, but dignified” neutral Alpine country deserves inspecting of its unique experience of prosperity in a complicated world of global transformations, and specifically by a management science. The Swiss management style is not only interesting, it also helps to explain how to administer in order not only to survive in the age of globalization, but also to demonstrate a high competiveness.
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Østergaard, Lauge, Philip L. Fosbøl, Robert A. Harrington, Zubin J. Eapen, Eric D. Peterson, and Emil L. Fosbøl. "From abstract to peer-reviewed publication: Country matters." International Journal of Cardiology 174, no. 3 (2014): 830–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.172.
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Vlachý', Jan. "World physics publication output — Country distribution and trends." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 35, no. 6 (1985): 705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01595541.
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Fosbol, E., P. L. Fosbol, Z. J. Eapen, R. A. Harrington, and E. D. Peterson. "From abstract to peer-reviewed publication: country matters." European Heart Journal 34, suppl 1 (2013): P2531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/eht308.p2531.
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Schmid, Hansjörg. "Interreligious Dialogues in Switzerland." Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society 6, no. 2 (2020): 293–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/23642807-00602004.
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Abstract Due to the federal structure of Switzerland, interreligious activities are also strongly influenced by cantonal contexts. Based on published material as well as on semi-directive interviews with key protagonists, the article analyses three cases of interreligious dialogue – two cantonal cases from the German-, or respectively French-speaking part of the country and the more general case of a women’s network. In the cantonal cases, interreligious dialogue is strongly linked to state-religion relation and serves as a tool for inclusion of new religious communities and for social cohesion. In each of the two cases, there are specific forms and organisational structures of dialogue. In contrast to these examples, the third case is more independent of political interests and often adopts a critical stance. Thus two types of interreligious discourse and relationship with the state can be identified which can also be seen as complementary: either a more critical voice keeping distance from power, or a collaboration with political structures strengthening the religious communities’ influence within the system.
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Sandelin, Bo, and Nikias Sarafoglou. "Language and scientific publication statistics." Language Problems and Language Planning 28, no. 1 (2004): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.28.1.02san.
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The article examines the number of contributions to scientific journals by authors from various OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries in 1998–2000 according to the commonly used ISI (Institute for Scientific Information) databases SSCI (Social Sciences Citation Index), A&HCI (Arts and Humanities Citation Index) and SCI Expanded (Science Citation Index Expanded). The number of contributions per million inhabitants is related to the main language of the country, the gross domestic product per capita and whether a country is a former socialist country or not. The social sciences, the arts and humanities, and the natural sciences are studied separately. It turns out that there is a tendency for a higher publication rate for English-language countries, slightly lower for countries with small languages, and even smaller for countries with large non-English languages. This is consistent with the hypotheses that there is a bias in the data bases from the ISI such that English-language journals tend to be overrepresented, that scholars from English-language countries write almost exclusively in English, and that scholars from other countries tend to publish less in English and more in their domestic language the larger their domestic language. This calls for caution in using these databases for international comparisons of research activity.
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Bogdanor, Vernon. "Federalism in Switzerland." Government and Opposition 23, no. 1 (1988): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017257x00017012.
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‘FEDERALISM’, CLAIMED THE SWISS PHILOSOPHER, DENIS DE Rougemont, ‘rests upon the love of complexity, by contrast with the brutal simplicity which characterises the totalitarian spirit’. It would be hard to deny that complexity is the most striking feature of federal government in Switzerland. To comprehend it fully, one would have to analyse the history, politics and atmosphere of each of the twenty-six cantons, for each is a political system in itself; and there is no such animal as a ‘typical’ canton. Political scientists have studied one or two cantons in some depth, and there are also impressionistic accounts of cantonal life, but there is no really satisfactory comparative analysis of the cantons as a whole. Further, many Swiss cantons are ‘closed' societies, difficult for the foreigner to penetrate and not easily accessible to the academic inquirer. The political scientist needs to acquire the skills of the anthropologist in addition to those of the analyst of political institutions if he is to make headway. It is difficult, therefore, to give anything more than a very general impression of the principles lying behind federal government in Switzerland, an impression which is bound to be, to some degree at least, misleading. For of no country more than Switzerland is it more correct to say that the truth lies in the minute particulars and not in generalities.The complexity of Swiss federalism is a consequence of the fact that the Swiss have embraced more completely than any other democracy that essential principle, the leitmotiv, of federalism — the sharing of power. Switzerland is indeed an extreme example of federalism, just as it is an extreme example of the application of the principles of democracy and of neutrality in foreign affairs.
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Graber, Michael, and Klaus Wälde. "Publish or Perish? The Increasing Importance of Publications for Prospective Economics Professors in Austria, Germany and Switzerland." German Economic Review 9, no. 4 (2008): 457–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2008.00448.x.
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Abstract Tenure decisions depend, among other factors, on a candidate’s career age and publication record.We associate publications with journal articles indexed in EconLit and measure publication output in equivalents of both top-five journal articles and European Economic Review (EER) articles. We find that the average age of a professor in the year of his/her first appointment is 38, i.e. he or she is appointed approximately eight years after completing the PhD. Between 1970 and 2006, the average publication record at the time of the first appointment is equivalent to 1.5 standardized top-five articles or 2.3 standardized EER articles. Publication records vary across subfields and have become more substantial over time.We predict that someone aspiring to a tenured position after 2011 should aim at an equivalent of four standardized top-five articles or six standardized EER articles.
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Hess, Peter. "Small-country soccer and the integration debate: the case of Switzerland." Soccer & Society 15, no. 3 (2014): 334–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2014.896502.
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BOLZMAN, CLAUDIO, RAFFAELLA PONCIONI-DERIGO, MARIE VIAL, and ROSITA FIBBI. "Older labour migrants' well being in Europe: the case of Switzerland." Ageing and Society 24, no. 3 (2004): 411–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x03001557.
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This paper examines several aspects of the social situation of the older immigrant population in Switzerland. It reviews their demographic history and characteristics and provides profiles of their health and well being, their material standard of life and access to social security and related benefits. It reports selected findings from an original survey of older Italian and Spanish citizens who are resident in the country, which show relatively high rates of disadvantage and poverty. The determination of a large proportion of the immigrant population to remain in Switzerland after they have ceased work demonstrates that the minorities who entered the country as labour migrants will become a permanent element of the Swiss population and its society. Neither the politicians nor the general public in Switzerland have yet accepted the reality of this new diversity. Given the continuation and indeed growth of international labour migration, the paper concludes by discussing the social policy and attitudinal options that face the governments and the population of Switzerland and many other European countries.
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Behl, Abhishek, Meena Chavan, Pankaj Dutta, and Pratima Amol Sheorey. "Benchmarking publication metrics for Indian business researchers." Benchmarking: An International Journal 27, no. 2 (2019): 571–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-04-2019-0184.
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Purpose There is no particularly efficient way to measure research output, but effectual assessment of research output is necessary to motivate and encourage researchers to enhance their research performance and disseminate knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the exacerbating pressure on Indian academics to deliver incessantly in terms of research output and identify an agreeable way to increase research output. The metric explores trends in management publications by Indian academics and presents an overview of collaborative practices by Indian management researchers that could shine a light on the trends of collaborative publishing future. Design/methodology/approach The study focuses on publications in the area of Business and Management. Scopus was used with advanced filters to draw relevant research papers. Data were then sorted and filtered on the basis of quality determined through Australian Business Deans Council rankings and diverse bibliometric information to understand the pattern of research output of Indian academics. Findings The research found that the rate of collaboration with researchers from the home country is low for top rated publications. Majority of publications were listed in Scopus indexed journals, whereas a handful featured in A and A* journals. A and A* journals were predominantly co-authored with academics from universities outside the country. Tradeoff was achieved by majority of authors by getting published in B, followed by C category journals to achieve research outputs. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to publications in the area of Business and Management and may be extended to other disciplines such as economics, engineering, law, medical sciences, etc., to understand publishing trends at universities in the country. The study can also be conducted in understanding a similar dilemma with academics at other countries that are evolving in research culture. Practical implications The study would help management researchers to dig deep into the root cause and understand why and how collaborations within and outside the country impact the quality of publications. The results would further encourage ranking agencies to award suitable grades to colleges that promote collaboration within the country as well as international collaboration. The study also conducts a benchmarking exercise of the institutions in the country that would be useful for researchers, journals and colleges. Originality/value While earlier studies have highlighted the importance of foreign collaborations in academic publishing, there are a handful of studies that have focused on the role of collaboration within the home country. The practice of Indian authors collaborating with Indian counterparts at other universities would help understand the expertise of researchers at different universities and encourage the collaboration process and quality of publications in the country.
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Bondolfi, Alberto. "The recent debate on advance directives in Switzerland." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 1 (April 2011): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2011-001011en.
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The most important aspects of the Swiss debate on advance directives are presented here. This country has gone from a form of suspicion to a peaceful acceptance by political parties and public opinion. They will also be legally recognized in the new updated Civil Code, which will probably come into force in 2012.
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Prieto, Moisés. "Erasing the Fear from the Eyes: A Micro-Narrative on Emotions in Spanish Migration to Cold-War Switzerland." Emotions: History, Culture, Society 4, no. 2 (2020): 252–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2208522x-02010095.
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Abstract In the summer of 1964, Miguel Soto, a Spanish immigrant to Switzerland, was arrested and imprisoned during his summer vacation in Spain, due to his participation in an anti-Francoist demonstration in Switzerland. This incident is the starting point for an inquiry into the problems – denunciation, political surveillance, xenophobia and anti-communism – that politically committed foreigners were confronted with in their home country and in Switzerland, and into the strategies they used to overcome them. Soto’s experience, including an oral history interview with him and archival material, reveals the regime of fear under which such immigrants lived, and questions the quality of democracy in post-war Switzerland.
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Alber, G. "Tobacco Production in Switzerland." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 18, no. 1 (1998): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0666.
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AbstractIn Switzerland approximately 730 ha of tobacco are grown, mainly on small family farms. The main growing area is located in the French speaking part of the country, on altitudes ranging from 400 to 800 m above sea level. Approximately 93 % of the surface is planted with Burley and 7 % with Virginia. The cigarette manufacturers have to buy the whole crop of acceptable quality by law proportionally to their market share in Switzerland, in total approximately 1300-1500 tons per year. The buying organization, named SOTA (Societe cooperative pour l'achat du tabac indigene) has been created by the industry in 1930. It is responsible to buy and distribute the whole crop and finances a small research center with the aim to improve the quality. There is an agreement between the SOTA and the grower's organization FAPTA (Federation suisse des associations de planteurs de tabac) that limits the maximum surface to 730 ha. The price paid to the farmer is fixed by the government and is significantly higher than the world market price. The difference between the price paid to the farmer and the one paid by the industry is compensated by a specific fund which is under supervision of the custom and excise department. Because of several good crops, this system of subsidy became problematic. Therefore a new system of quota has been introduced for the 1997/1998 crop which limits the quantity of tobacco which can be delivered by each farmer.
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Schlenker, Andrea. "Divided loyalty? Identification and political participation of dual citizens in Switzerland." European Political Science Review 8, no. 4 (2015): 517–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773915000168.
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In spite of the recent increase in dual citizenship, there are widespread fears that this double status undermines loyalty towards the state, understood as identification with and political participation in the country of residence. We analyze whether there are systematic differences between dual citizens, mono citizens, and foreign residents in this respect, based on data from a 2013 survey of dual citizens in Switzerland with very different migration backgrounds. The results reveal that controlling for migration-related and socio-demographic factors, dual citizens are more loyal in many respects than foreign residents, but there are no significant differences between dual citizens and mono citizens in their level of identification with Switzerland and political participation there. They are even more likely than mono citizens to participate in serving its interests. In addition, there is no trade-off between these forms of loyalty to the country of residence and identification and political participation in the country of descent. On the contrary, they are positively related. Transnational loyalties seem to co-exist or even to be mutually reinforcing. Thus, dual citizenship does not seem to diminish loyalty to the country of residence and countries therefore do not stand to lose anything by allowing it.
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Matyja, Miroslaw. "Specificity of Multiculturalism in Switzerland." Technium Social Sciences Journal 2 (January 10, 2020): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v2i1.55.
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Switzerland consists of different regions, cultures and languages. The minorities in Switzerland are in the first place ethno-linguistic minorities, whose are unified by a common language. Therefore, since the foundation of the Confederation in 1848 the Helvetic state has been considered a multilingual country. The confederation and cantons are obliged to protect linguistic minorities. The grounds of the Swiss social structure, with traditional multiculturalism and four national languages are two principles: language freedom (Sprachenfreiheit) and territoriality (Territorialitätsprinzip). Switzerland has no official state religion. Predominant religion is Christianity, the largest religious minorities is established by Islam. The largest Christian denominations are Catholic Church (37.7%) and Swiss Reformed Church (25.5%). The influx of new cultural minorities to Switzerland began after the Second World War and was directly connected with economic migration, with the large influx of gastarbeiters from southern European countries and refugees from the Third World and from the former Yugoslavia.International law includes the protection of national, yet not cultural minorities. In Switzerland the protection of national minorities is also based on international standards.
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Bischofberger, Iren. "Health and Safety at Work in Switzerland." AAOHN Journal 48, no. 4 (2000): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990004800406.
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Switzerland, surrounded by European Union (EU) member states, rejected a 1992 referendum to join the European Economic Communities (EEC), which currently includes 15 member states. As a result, the country has had difficulties resolving economic issues with health and safety interests. This study analyzed the consequences of selected EU Directives of Health and Safety at Work in a country that chose not to join the EU. The Directives went into effect throughout the entire EU in 1993. Executive directors and safety advisors from the Swiss company “Migros” participated in a two round Delphi survey focused on timing, feelings, and preference of the legal system in relation to the EU, prioritizing selected EU directives, and implementing health and safety concepts. The results showed the effects of the Directives (although not legally required) demand careful consideration particularly in terms of the timing of the implementation and the priorities of the Swiss health and safety legal system. The two professional groups involved showed congruent opinions on several questions, presenting a solid foundation for planning common action. In conclusion, the growing awareness of occupational health and safety aspects observed during the survey should be pursued among all Migros key staff in decision making positions in occupational safety and health. In this way, Migros could serve as a role model in the occupational health and safety field, much as it has long been recognized as a pioneer in funding social causes throughout Swiss society.
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Lewis, Cindy L. "Writing for Publication: Just Like Writing a Country Song." Journal of Vascular Nursing 35, no. 2 (2017): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvn.2017.04.021.
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Yakunin, Kirill, Maksat Kalimoldayev, Ravil I. Mukhamediev, et al. "KazNewsDataset: Single Country Overall Digital Mass Media Publication Corpus." Data 6, no. 3 (2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data6030031.
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Mass media is one of the most important elements influencing the information environment of society. The mass media is not only a source of information about what is happening but is often the authority that shapes the information agenda, the boundaries, and forms of discussion on socially relevant topics. A multifaceted and, where possible, quantitative assessment of mass media performance is crucial for understanding their objectivity, tone, thematic focus and, quality. The paper presents a corpus of Kazakhstan media, which contains over 4 million publications from 36 primary sources (which has at least 500 publications). The corpus also includes more than 2 million texts of Russian media for comparative analysis of publication activity of the countries, also about 4000 sections of state policy documents. The paper briefly describes the natural language processing and multiple-criteria decision-making methods, which are the algorithmic basis of the text and mass media evaluation method, and describes the results of several research cases, such as identification of propaganda, assessment of the tone of publications, calculation of the level of socially relevant negativity, comparative analysis of publication activity in the field of renewable energy. Experiments confirm the general possibility of evaluating the socially significant news, identifying texts with propagandistic content, evaluating the sentiment of publications using the topic model of the text corpus since the area under receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC AUC) values of 0.81, 0.73 and 0.93 were achieved on abovementioned tasks. The described cases do not exhaust the possibilities of thematic, tonal, dynamic, etc., analysis of the considered corpus of texts. The corpus will be interesting to researchers considering both multiple publications and mass media analysis, including comparative analysis and identification of common patterns inherent in the media of different countries.
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David, Thomas, and Janick Marina Schaufelbuehl. "Swiss Conservatives and the Struggle for the Abolition of Slavery at the End of the Nineteenth Century." Itinerario 34, no. 2 (2010): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115310000367.
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This article examines the Swiss anti-slavery movement during the last third of the nineteenth century. Despite being a country without colonies, Switzerland actively participated in international anti-slavery networks, often linked to the armed conquest of Central Africa.Through an analysis of the socio-political affiliations of the leaders of these abolitionist campaigns in Switzerland, the authors show how the Swiss conservative protestant elite, whose role in international philanthropy had become more important after the founding of the Red Cross, relied on the anti-slavery movement, not only to reinforce its position in international networks, but also to pursue political and social objectives on a domestic level, in particular the “social regeneration” of the country.
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Hernandez-Aguilar, C., A. Dominguez-Pacheco, E. J. Martínez-Ortiz, et al. "Evolution and characteristics of the transdisciplinary perspective in research: a literature review." Transdisciplinary Journal of Engineering & Science 11 (August 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.22545/2020/00140.
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In this documentary investigation, we review literature about the transdisciplinary perspective (TD) to generate knowledge, locating its origin, evolution and characteristic features. It is found that: i) This origin is located in France and the United States, although some characteristic features related to self-knowledge, participatory research and the unity of knowledge, were proposed before the creation of this TD term introduced in 1970. ii) The concept of transdisciplinarity has evolved over time involving a transition of vision towards the application of perspective to investigate. Switzerland was the first country to apply the transdisciplinarity in research in the 1990s. iii) The key world events that gave impetus to the transdisciplinarity are the world (1994) and Zurich (2000) congresses, as well as the special edition entitled “the foundation of Academy of Transdisciplinary Learning of Advanced Studies (ATLAS)” of the Journal "Futures" (2004) and the 10th anniversary edition of the Transdisciplinarity Journal of Engineering & Science (TJES) in 2010. iv) the main features of transdisciplinary research are: a) research for society and with society, i.e. participatory research, b) scientific research under systemic thinking, c) communication of results to the scientific community and disseminated to non-scientific population. v). The number of transdisciplinary research publications have increased over time, along with the quantity of authors per publication and citations thereof. Some contributions from the 90s were the most impactful due to the number of cites today. The transdisciplinary approach could be the best pathway to develop research in Latin American countries and the world, for solving the diverse problems of society.
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Cohn, Matthew R., Nabil Mehta, Kyle N. Kunze, et al. "The fifty most cited publications in shoulder arthroplasty research." Shoulder & Elbow, February 8, 2021, 175857322198966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758573221989669.
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Introduction Frequency of citation provides one quantitative metric of the impact that an article has on a given field. The purpose of this study was to evaluate characteristics of the 50 most cited publications on shoulder arthroplasty. Methods The Web of Science database was used to determine the 50 most frequently cited shoulder arthroplasty articles. Articles were evaluated for several factors including type of arthroplasty, citation frequency and rate, source journal, country of origin, study type, and level of evidence. Results The most common countries of origin were the United States (60%) followed by France (24%) and Switzerland (6%). A total of 27 (54%) articles included anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), 18 (36%) included reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA), and 15 (30%) included hemiarthroplasty. Articles including RTSA had the greatest number of citations compared to those on TSA ( p = 0.037) and hemiarthroplasty ( p = 0.035). Citations per year were also greatest with RTSA compared to TSA and hemiarthroplasty ( p ≤ 0.001). Discussion This citation analysis includes many of the landmark studies that shaped, and continue to impact, the field of shoulder arthroplasty. This list provides a group of influential articles that provide a foundation for future research in shoulder arthroplasty.