Academic literature on the topic 'Switzerland, maps'
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Journal articles on the topic "Switzerland, maps"
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Axhausen, K. W., C. Dolci, Ph Fröhlich, M. Scherer, and A. Carosio. "Constructing Time‐Scaled Maps: Switzerland from 1950 to 2000†." Transport Reviews 28, no. 3 (2008): 391–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441640701747451.
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Ginzler, Christian, Urs-Beat Brändli, and Martin Hägeli. "Waldflächenentwicklung der letzten 120 Jahre in der Schweiz." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 162, no. 9 (2011): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2011.0337.
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Development of forest area in Switzerland within the last 120 years Historical maps provide a useful source for spatial landscape analyses as they represent a generalized reflection of geographical reality over large areas at a certain time. Digitization and georeferencing of analog maps help to make such analyses more efficient. In Switzerland, the forest area has grown since the mid 19th century according to statistics of the federal government and the cantons. These statistics, however, provide a limited basis for regional analyses of changes in forest area. In this study, the forest areas in 1880, 1915, 1940 and 2000 were estimated based on analyses of the Topographical Atlas of Switzerland (Siegfried maps [1880Siegfried maps [1915, and 1940]), and of the Topographical Map (2000). Using a sample of 20 638 plots, analogous to the aerial photo-interpretation of the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI), a forest/non-forest decision was made for each time cutting. Overall, in Switzerland the forest area increased by 21.6% from 1880 to 2000. This is much less than what revealed the analysis of statistical sources due to differences in the methods and forest definitions used. Considerable regional differences could be detected, with one general trend from north to south and another from east to west. In most regions with strong urban development, the forest area is stagnating or has slightly decreased. The increase in forest cover has taken place mainly in the Alps and the Southern Alps.
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Bodmer, Ph, and L. Rybach. "Heat flow maps and deep ground water circulation: Examples from Switzerland." Journal of Geodynamics 4, no. 1-4 (1985): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-3707(85)90062-6.
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Forster, Felix, and Walter Baumgartner. "Bestimmung seltener Starkniederschläge kurzer Dauer - Fallbeispiele im Vergleich mit den schweizerischen Starkniederschlagskarten | Determination of Rare Rainfall Intensities of Short-Duration - Case Studies Compared with Maps of Intense Rainfall in Switzerland." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 150, no. 6 (1999): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.1999.0209.
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The two maps of intense rainfall in the Hydrological Atlas of Switzerland (1992, 1997) are compared to data of an evaluation of extreme value statistics. The results are transferred to recommendations for practioners.
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Krell, Frank-Thorsten. "Zu Verbreitung und Morphologie einiger Onthophagus-Arten der Schweiz (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)." Alpine Entomology 2, no. 1 (2018): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.23345.
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On distribution and morphology of some Onthophagus species in Switzerland (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). – On the basis of 1097 specimens from 12 collections, the distribution of ten dung beetle species of the genus Onthophagus (Scarabaeidae) in Switzerland is compiled and shown in distribution maps: O.taurus-group: O.illyricus, O.taurus; O.fracticornis-group: O.fracticornis, O.opacicollis, O.similis; O.ovatus-group: O.baraudi, O.grossepunctatus, O.joannae, O.ovatus, O.ruficapillus. New characters of the female genitalia allow species identification of O.fracticornis, O.similis, and O.ruficapillus. Reduced male characters of a small O.gibbulus are described.
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Vomsattel, Raphael, René Sieber, and Lorenz Hurni. "Topic Selection and Structure in the National Atlas of Switzerland." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-384-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The establishment of a National Atlas requires a broad view on the thematic content. Traditionally, maps in atlases are accessed by selecting topics from a thematically structured menu. Many important and complex decisions have to be made by map authors regarding the selection and structure of topics which are considered as the essence of an atlas. In the following lines will be described how and why the selected topics have been realized in the Atlas of Switzerland (AoS) and on which concepts they are based on.</p><p><i>Thematic Concepts of National Atlases</i></p><p>A first guideline how to build up a national atlas has been published in 1960 by the international commission on national atlases lead by Salichtchev (Academie des Sciences de l’URSS). Among a brief historical review, general considerations and mathematical basis the report gives specific recommendations on the content of a national atlas. In the following years most of the national atlas committees orientated on Salichtchev’s principles (Ormeling, 1979). Nevertheless, since these days the subjects and objectives have been adjusted to contemporary needs and opportunities. The concepts of national atlases no longer followed a country-specific, but a socio-geographical approach in order to fulfil these complex challenges. The focus is primarily on the human-centred, which requires a problem-oriented and experience-oriented approach.</p><p>Today, three different genres of map themes can be distinguished in a national atlas: The first type includes the classical and traditional topics, which were primarily determined under Salichtchev’s commission. This includes maps that can be found in almost every national atlas (e.g. geology, population density, etc.). The second type of map deals with current issues that affect people and their environment (e.g. migration flows, desertification, etc.). The third genre includes maps that have been created to be visually and technically attractive. These maps are strongly individual and characterized by the fact that they are more about the implementation of the topic than about its content.</p><p><i>Thematic Structure</i></p><p>A well elaborated thematic structure is of great importance for an atlas. The thematic navigation is besides spatial navigation, visualisation, analysis and general atlas functions one of the five main functionality groups of a digital atlas (Sieber and Huber, 2007). Therefore, it especially plays a significant role with respect to usability. Maps can be selected using the thematically-arranged menu which are organized in multiple levels. This elaborated hierarchical organisation of the subject categories assists the user not only in navigation but also in maintaining an overview of related map topics. In a highly-interactive atlas combinations of multiple maps topics are required and an adequate thematic structure allows to provide specific and reasonable suggestions to the user.</p><p><i>Thematic Content and Structure in the Atlas of Switzerland</i></p><p>The very first printed AoS was published in 1961. The primary aim of the atlas was to present the diversity of the country's characteristic structures and processes. As a result, the focus was strongly country-specific. Until the late nineties, 596 maps were released. In the course of an evaluation and the advancing digitalization, a new concept for the future orientation of the National Atlas was elaborated. From then on, a broader range of topics with current and problem-related issues was to be dealt with (Projektgruppe Atlas der Schweiz, 1998).</p><p>When the first digital version of AoS was released in 2000, the atlas covered 250 topics in the categories of society, economy, state and politics. The second version published four years later consisted of about 1000 topics. Nature and environment were added to the previously integrated subject categories. The following third and predecessor version of the current atlas was released in 2010 and counted about 2000 topics. Transport, energy and communication have been included to the atlas as further categories. The recent on-line version is in process of being expanded and currently holds about 160 themes. Newly integrated categories are <i>History and Future, Landscape and Space</i> as well as <i>Tourism and Leisure time</i>. In addition, the two categories <i>Portrait of Switzerland</i> and <i>Global Switzerland</i> illustrate characteristic traits of Switzerland. The overall thematic structure is already defined, and we will therefore explain in this contribution which topics and how they have been selected.</p><p>Topics are derived from multiple sources. On the one hand, they are directly embedded in the socio-economic context of the current project. On the other hand, the topics are orientated towards existing cartographic products. For the AoS, previous versions were a fundamental source of information. In addition, there are other national atlases and geoportals which provide an excellent reference for the topics. A further thematic influence, which is becoming increasingly important today, results from interaction with users. User Activity Tracking (UAT) and direct feedbacks help to develop an appropriate and attractive structure of thematic content.</p><p>However, the topics from the manifold sources are subject to various limitations, which ultimately have a significant influence on the choice of topics. In principle, they are to be subordinated to conceptual provisions. The politics surrounding a national atlas project and its financing determine the framework conditions. Technical limits for implementation are also decisive and must be taken into account prior to the choice of topic. In addition, data availability and visualisation within the atlas impose certain restrictions.</p><p>In the presentation we will explain the selection of topics and their hierarchical organisation in the AoS in more detail. Thereby we will focus on the elaborated thematic concept of the latest version of the AoS and point out which intentions are being pursued. For example, more maps are to be produced on current issues affecting people. Furthermore, it is planned that more flagship maps will be published to highlight the visual and technical possibilities of the atlas. On the other hand, we will disclose alternative access options to maps. Traditionally in atlases, access to maps is mainly via the selection of topics in the menu. It is conceivable that access could be enabled via a specific locality. Based on this, map themes and elements that are relevant for this location could be proposed. A storytelling-based form of implementation could be another approach to access a map.</p>
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Troxler, F., and H. Wanner. "Nebelkarten der Schweiz." Geographica Helvetica 46, no. 1 (1991): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-46-21-1991.
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Abstract. The analysis of fog distribution over Switzerland consists of two different studies: The first deals with the spatial determination of fog frequencies and fog types for the early morning. It was realized by using the daily observations of 320 stations. This point by point information was spatially interpolated with the aid ofthe information (mean fog cover frequency) of 94 typical fog distributions detected from NOAA satellite data. The derived fog map of Switzerland includes four different fog zones: ground fog zone, fog-free intermediary and high fog (stratus) zone, fog-free slope zone, lower up-slope fog zone. The result of the second study consists of four maps showing the fog cover frequency of the important weather types with fog layers over the Swiss Alpine foreland. They were traced out by using the above mentioned satellite data. The four maps indicate clearly that the fog and cold air distribution during anticyclonic weather situations is strongly determined by the sub-synoptic pressure and wind field.
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Perego, Rodolfo, Sebastian Pera, and Antonio Galgaro. "Techno-Economic Mapping for the Improvement of Shallow Geothermal Management in Southern Switzerland." Energies 12, no. 2 (2019): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020279.
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Cantone Ticino, a mountainous region located in the southern part of Switzerland, is greatly affected by the continuous growth of subsurface exploitation through the use of both closed-loop and open-loop geothermal systems. In this study, techno-economic maps for shallow geothermal potential of Cantone Ticino are produced, considering closed-loop systems. The work starts with the identification of the main parameters affecting the techno-economic potential such as GST and thermal conductivity. Maps for different indicators of techno-economic feasibility are created and compared against real data/measurements. An empirical method is tailored to derive a map of the techno-economic geothermal potential, expressed as meters required to provide 1 kW of installed power. The produced map shows an overall discrepancy from real installed length data of approximately ±23%. Moreover, compared with current regulation, the produced maps show an unoptimized management of the shallow geothermal resource, since high potential zones are commonly located where the installation of BHE is not permitted and often closed-loop systems are installed where the estimated potential is lower, mainly in alluvial fans. In light of these considerations, the authorization process in Cantone Ticino for BHE should be revised taking into account the real techno-economic potential.
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Lorenzi-Cioldi, Fabio, Armand Chatard, José M. Marques, Leila Selimbegović, Paul Konan, and Klea Faniko. "What Do Drawings Reveal About People’s Attitudes Toward Countries and Their Citizens?" Social Psychology 42, no. 3 (2011): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000067.
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Participants (N = 567) from six countries (Belgium, Ivory Coast, Italy, Kosovo, Portugal, and Switzerland) drew borders of their own and of neighbor countries on boundary-free maps. It was predicted and found that the tendency to overestimate versus underestimate the sizes of the countries, compared to the original maps, reflects the perceiver’s attitudes toward the target country, status asymmetries, and the quality of relations between the ingroup and outgroup countries. The findings are discussed with regard to the use of drawings in revealing people’s attitudes toward outgroups.
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Mosimann, Thomas, and Philipp Herbst. "Flächenhafte Modellierung von Waldboden-eigenschaften in der Nordwestschweiz." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 164, no. 1 (2013): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2013.0010.
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Spatial modeling of forest soil properties in Northwestern Switzerland Forest soils are an important natural resource. However, up to now almost no area-wide forest soil information was available for Switzerland. Since 2006, model-based, high-resolution maps of forest soil properties in the cantons Basel-Landschaft and Basel-Stadt were generated, depicting soil depth, stone content, soil wetness, acidity and water storage capacity. These maps are based on all available point information on soils, and on 95 recently analyzed pedological forest soil profiles. Two different methods were applied in parallel: 1) the development of decision trees based on frequency statistics combined with expertise and 2) the semi-automated Random Forest modeling approach. Highly branched hierarchical decision trees were used to derive soil properties from 24 predictors (relief forms, parent material, vegetation, forest type, location, climate, etc.). This article describes the approaches and portrays the mapped results of soil depth, top soil acidity and water storage capacity. Our project shows that it is basically feasible to predict soil properties with a high spatial resolution, classifying them into 4–5 categories. However, depending on soil type, for 10–30% of the area no predictions are possible, especially because of high soil heterogeneity, inadequate morphographic slope differentiation in the terrain models and the implausibility of predictor information. Soil property maps provide basic information for set up forestry maps for forest development, forest management and risk assessment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Switzerland, maps"
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Favillier, Adrien. "Impacts du changement climatique sur l’activité des avalanches dans les Alpes : apports de la dendrogéomorphologie pour la reconstitution spatiotemporelle de l’activité des avalanches dans un contexte de changements environnementaux dans les hautes vallées du Guil et du Rhône Disentangling the impacts of exogenous disturbances on forest stands to assess multi-centennial tree-ring reconstructions of avalanche activity in the upper Goms Valley (Canton of Valais, Switzerland) Spatio-temporal maps of past avalanche events derived from tree-ring analysis: a case study in the Zermatt valley (Valais, Switzerland) Tree-ring reconstruction of snow avalanche activity: Does avalanche path selection matter? Non-stationarities induced by land-cover changes in dendrogeomorphic reconstructions of snow avalanche activity: Insights from the Queyras massif (French Alps) Complex signals in regional tree-ring reconstructions of snow avalanches: lessons from the Goms valley (Swiss alps) Impacts des fluctuations climatiques sur l’activité des avalanches dans le Queyras." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2019CLFAL024_FAVILLIER.pdf.
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Au 20ème siècle, les massifs montagneux, dont les Alpes, ont connu un réchauffement significatif avec une augmentation des températures deux fois plus importante que la moyenne mondiale. Un tel réchauffement altère les composantes de la cryosphère. Elle induit, par exemple, un passage des précipitations solides aux précipitations liquides, des phases de fonte des neiges plus fréquentes et plus intenses, ainsi qu’une forte diminution de la quantité de neige et une réduction de la durée de la couverture neigeuse. Aux horizons 2050–2100, les modèles climatiques prévoient que l'épaisseur du manteau neigeux sera considérablement réduite et que les propriétés de la neige, et notamment la stabilité du manteau neigeux, seront modifiées. Ces changements devraient entraîner des modifications importantes dans l'activité des avalanches. Parallèlement, l’afforestation induite par la déprise agro-sylvo-pastorale, la démocratisation des sports d'hiver et l'urbanisation des versants ont profondément modifié les paysages de montagne depuis le milieu du 18ème siècle, de même que l'exposition des individus. Dans ce contexte, une documentation précise de l'activité passée des avalanches est cruciale pour mettre en évidence et comprendre les impacts du réchauffement climatique sur l'activité avalancheuse. Jusqu'à présent, cette documentation s'appuyait sur des chroniques historiques ou des observations systématiques. Cependant, les premières sont souvent discontinues et axées sur des événements catastrophiques, tandis que les secondes se limitent à la seconde moitié du 20ème siècle, excluant toute comparaison avec des périodes climatiques distinctes – tel que les phases froides du Petit Âge Glaciaire, par exemple. Sur les versants forestiers, l'approche dendrogéomorphique apparaît être un complément fiable aux archives historiques et aux séries d'observations systématiques, car elle permet de reconstruire l'activité passée des avalanches, en continu, à l‘échelle des plusieurs siècles, avec une résolution annuelle. Pourtant, jusqu'à présent, même si de nombreuses reconstructions locales ont été proposées, la fiabilité de l’approche a été peu souvent analysée et aucune chronologie régionale – cruciale pour distinguer les interférences potentielles entre l'activité des avalanches, les fluctuations climatiques et les changements socio-économiques – n'a été développée dans les Alpes. Dans cette thèse de doctorat, des avancées méthodologiques significatives ont été réalisées afin (1) d’améliorer la détection des avalanches dans les cernes de croissance, (2) d’éliminer les non-stationnarités liées à la diminution du nombre d'arbres au cours du temps dans les reconstructions et (3) d’agréger les reconstructions locales en chronologies régionales. Sur la base de ces développements, des chronologies régionales pluriséculaires homogénéisées ont été développées (4) pour 10 couloirs d’avalanche de la vallée de Goms (Valais, Alpes suisses, 1880-2014) et (5) 11 couloirs du massif du Queyras (Alpes françaises, 1560-2016). Ces dernières ont été confrontées aux fluctuations climatiques et aux changements d'occupation du sol. À Goms, l'absence de signal climatique clair dans la chronologie régionale souligne les interférences induites par les non-stationnarités locales et démontre qu’une stratégie d'échantillonnage à l'échelle régionale devra nécessairement constituer un préalable au développement d’une chronologie robuste. Dans le massif du Queyras, la forte diminution de l'activité avalancheuse observée au cours du 20ème siècle est attribuée au réchauffement climatique et au processus d’afforestation des versants<br>For the 20th century, high mountain areas, such as the Alps, have undergone a significant warming with temperature increase twice as much as the global average. Such warming strongly alters the cryosphere components. It induces, for example, a shift from solid to liquid precipitation, more frequent and more intense snowmelt phases or a strong decrease in the amount and duration of snow cover, especially at the elevation of the snowrain transition. In the future, climate models forecast that snow depth will be significantly reduced and that snow properties such as snow stability will be modified. These changes in snow cover characteristics and amounts are expected to induce significant changes in snow avalanches activity. At the same time, afforestation induced by the abandonment of agriculture and grazing, the democratization of winter recreation activities and the urban sprawl on the slopes have strongly modified the mountain landscapes since the mid-18th century as well as the exposition of individuals to snow avalanches. In this context, a precise documentation of past snow avalanche activity is crucial to decipher and to understand the impacts of the undergoing climate warming on the snow avalanche activity. To date, this documentation usually relies on historical chronicles or systematic observations. However, the firsts are often discontinuous and focused on catastrophic events. The seconds are limited to the second half of the 20th century thus precluding a comparison from climatically distinct period. On forested paths, the dendrogeomorphic approach is theoretically a reliable approach complement to historical archives and series of systematic observation to infer past snow avalanche activity. Yet, so far, the robustness of this approach has been poorly questioned and no regional chronology, crucial to disentangle potential interferences between snow avalanche activity, climate fluctuations and socio-economic changes, has been developed in the Alps. In this PhD thesis proposes new methodological frameworks to (1) detect avalanche events from tree-ring series, (2) remove non-stationarities related to the decreasing number of trees over time in the reconstruction and (3) aggregate locals reconstructions in regional chronologies. Based on these development, homogenized multicentennial regional chronologies developed (4) for 10 paths of the Goms Valley (Valais canton, Swiss Alps, 1880-2014) and (5) 11 paths from the Queyras Massif (French Alps, 1560-2016) are confronted to climatic fluctuations and land use changes. At Goms, the absence of clear climatic signal in the regional chronology evidence the interference with local nonstationarities and question the need for a sampling strategy at the regional scale to create a robust chronology. In the Queyras massif, the strong decrease of avalanche activity observed over the 20th century is attributed to global warming and to the afforestation process
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Reis, Thomas. "Search for new massive resonances decaying to dielectrons or electron-muon pairs with the CMS detector." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209131.
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Le sujet de cette thèse porte sur la recherche de nouvelles résonances massives se désintégrant en une paire d’électrons ou une paire électron-muon avec le détecteur CMS, installé auprès du Grand Collisionneur du Hadrons (LHC) au CERN. Les données analysées correspondent à l’ensemble des collisions proton-proton enregistrées par le détecteur en 2012 à une énergie dans le centre de masse de 8 TeV. Après une brève introduction au modèle standard des particules élémentaires et à quelques unes des théories allant au-delà, le LHC et le détecteur CMS sont présentés. La reconstruction des différentes particules créées lors des collisions, en particulier des électrons et muons de haute énergie, est ensuite discutée. Deux analyses séparées sont menées.<p>La première consiste en la recherche d’une nouvelle résonance étroite, plus massive que le boson Z, dans le spectre de masse invariante des paires d’électrons, dont la principale contribution, dans le modèle standard, provient du processus de Drell–Yan. De telles résonances sont notamment prédites par des modèles dits de grande unification ou à dimensions spatiales supplémentaires. Le bruit de fond provenant des processus du modèle standard étant réduit dans la région étudiée, quelques événements localisés peuvent suffire pour mener à une découverte, et la sélection des électrons est optimisée afin de ne perdre aussi peu d’événements que possible. Les différentes contributions des bruits de fond sont partiellement estimées à partir de simulations. Une méthode basée sur le spectre de masse invariante des paires électron-muon mesuré dans les données est développée pour valider la contribution du second bruit de fond en terme d’importance. Aucun excès n’est observé par rapport aux prédictions du modèle standard et des limites supérieures à 95% de niveau de confiance sont placées sur le rapport entre la section efficace de production multipliée par le rapport de branchement d’une nouvelle résonance et celle au pic du boson Z. Ces limites sont ensuite converties en limites inférieures sur la masse de différentes particules hypothétiques de spin 1 ou de spin 2.<p>La seconde analyse consiste en une recherche de résonances massives et étroites dans le spectre de masse invariante des paires électron-muon. De telles résonances briseraient la conservation du nombre leptonique tel que prédit par le modèle standard. Cette possibilité existe cependant dans certains modèles de nouvelle physique. C’est notamment le cas pour un modèle à dimensions supplémentaires où apparaissent des nouveaux bosons neutres lourds. La sélection des événements demande un électron de haute énergie comme dans l’analyse précédente, et un muon de grande impulsion transverse. La stratégie de recherche est similaire au cas des paires d’électrons :le fait de rechercher un signal étroit rend l’analyse statistique très peu sensible aux erreurs systématiques affectant la normalisation absolue du spectre de masse électron-muon. Comme aucune déviation significative n’est observée par rapport aux prévisions du modèle standard, des limites supérieures sur la section efficace multipliée par le rapport de branchement sont établies pour le modèle à dimensions spatiales supplémentaires. Étant données les faibles valeurs théoriques de la section efficace de production des résonances violant la conservation de la saveur dans ce modèle, la quantité de données analysées ne permet pas d’en déduire une limite inférieure sur leur masse. Cette analyse représente néanmoins la première recherche directe avec l’expérience CMS, de bosons massifs, se désintégrant avec violation du nombre leptonique, en une paire électron-muon.<p><br>Doctorat en Sciences<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Books on the topic "Switzerland, maps"
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Ball, M. G. European railway atlas: Denmark, Germany, Austria, Switzerland. 2nd ed. Ian Allan Ltd., 1998.
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Ball, M. G. European railway atlas: Denmark, Germany, Austria, Switzerland. Ian Allan Ltd., 1993.
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Verkehrsverlag, Reise und. Euro-Reiseatlas 1:300.000.: Mit Madeira und den Azoren. 3rd ed. RV Verlag, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Switzerland, maps"
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Calbimonte, Jean-Paul, Simon Martin, Davide Calvaresi, and Alexandre Cotting. "A Platform for Difficulty Assessment and Recommendation of Hiking Trails." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_9.
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AbstractIn recent years, the popularity of hiking has steadily increased across different segments of the population. Although there is considerable evidence of the benefits for hikers regarding physical and mental health, the inherent risks of these outdoor activities cannot be underestimated. Accident prevention and an increase of awareness about possible risks are necessary to minimize hiking and pedestrian tourism’s negative consequences. In most hiking information maps and interactive applications, there is usually not enough information about difficulty points or the granularity level required to provide tailored recommendations to hikers with physical or psychological limitations. In this paper, we present Syris, a geo-information system for hiking itineraries that incorporates Points-Of-Difficulty to assess the level of effort, technique, and risk of hiking trails. The system allows users to filter itineraries and obtain recommendations based on the assessment of difficulty following a well-established methodology. The system has been implemented, deployed and tested with real data in the region of Val d’Anniviers in Switzerland, and is openly available to enable further developments and refinement.
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Oesch, Daniel. "The Class Structure of Britain, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland." In Redrawing the Class Map. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230504592_8.
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Schneuwly Purdie, Mallory, and Andrea Rota. "Religion, Education and the State: Rescaling the Confessional Boundaries in Switzerland." In The Changing World Religion Map. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9376-6_45.
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Mexi, Maria M., Paula Moreno Russi, and Eva Fernández Guzman. "‘Fortress’ Switzerland? Challenges to Integrating Migrants, Refugees and Asylum-Seekers." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67284-3_11.
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AbstractSwitzerland is recognised as an immigration country. As in other European countries, awareness of the socio-economic costs of the non-integration of immigrants has led Swiss policy-makers to promote integration both as an individual duty (conditional on the requirements and individual responsibilities of a foreign person), as well as a policy priority for stakeholders at federal, cantonal, and communal levels. This pragmatic, yet in some cases restrictive, approach to integration has evolved gradually over time and has been strengthened by the divisive debates around foreigners that surrounded the 2014 initiative against mass immigration. In this context, we seek to provide a timely analysis of the evolving legal and policy framework that regulates the integration of migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers (MRAs) into the Swiss labour market and society. While we shed light on the development and changes pertaining to the relevant legislative and institutional framework, we also highlight key aspects that play an obstructing role to immigrants’ integration. Ultimately, we contend that not only certain legislative and administrative aspects, but also direct democratic instruments have provided important disabling barriers to migrants’ integration as they have not effectively managed to challenge ‘Fortress’ actualities and exclusionary trajectories of boundary construction.
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Bosqued, Concepción Blasco, and Javier Espiago. "The Role of GIS in the Management of Archaeological Data: An Example of Application for the Spanish Administration." In Anthropology, Space, and Geographic Information Systems. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085754.003.0014.
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The idea of collecting all archaeological findings and sites of a particular region is at least as old as the first archaeological studies and perhaps prior to the scientific development of the discipline of archaeology itself. However, the first archaeological maps (cartas arqueológicas) had very far different objectives than those of today. The first example of this sort dates from 1818. In Spain, the Law of Archaeological Excavations promotes the elaboration of an exhaustive inventory since 1941, when the first archaeological map of the province of Soria, compiled by Mr. Blas Taracena, appeared, and in 1945, M. Almagro Basch, together with José Colominas and José Serra Ráfols, led the effort to compile the archaeological map of the province of Barcelona and four other provinces. These six archaeological maps of provinces followed the criteria adopted by other European countries like Italy, Switzerland, and Yugoslavia. In each map, the names of all counties were organized alphabetically; within counties, the names of sites and other archaeological findings, either industrial or artistic sites, appeared in chronological order from the Paleolithic to the end of the Hispanic-Visigothic period (eighth century). The scales of these maps varied from 1:50,000 to 1:400,000. Changes produced by the new political map of Spain during the 1980s, together with the transfer of responsibilities, transformed the “official” archaeological maps into archaeological maps for each “autonomic” government of the different provinces. These inventories had a fundamental goal: an exhaustive knowledge of the patrimony for its preservation and its study. They include a profound and methodical process and contain not only all existing literature, but also a complete survey of the field to locate whatever possible, including medieval, modern or contemporary testimonies. The volume of data is so great that a computerized system is necessary, both for the creation of a database and for the need to have a precise cartography that helps to preserve archaeological remains. At the moment, the autonomic governments initiated are in the stage of data collection for these comprehensive maps. In any case, besides these “official” series, other works covering smaller regions exist.
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Gless, Sabine. "The Acquisition of Legal Status by Individuals in Transnational Criminal Proceedings in Europe." In Histories of Transnational Criminal Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845702.003.0023.
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Sabine Gless highlights the individual’s journey from an object of government caprice, susceptible to arrest on a foreign warrant without legal protection, to a legally protected defendant in the frameworks of transnational criminal law. Using in particular Germany and Switzerland as examples of different approaches taken in Continental Europe, she maps the evolution of defendants’ rights from domestic criminal justice to European Human Rights from the 19th to the 21st century, and the slow shift from a state-centred understanding of transnational criminal law to the acknowledgment of individual rights under a human rights narrative.
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Würgler, Andreas. "Which Switzerland? Contrasting Conceptions of the Early Modern Swiss Confederation in European Minds and Maps." In Political Space in Pre-industrial Europe. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315601229-11.
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"SWITZERLAND." In World Directory of Map Collections. K. G. Saur, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110976007.291.
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"Bulgaria 37 Switzerland." In Film and Television Collections in Europe - the MAP-TV Guide. Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203993682-13.
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Gott, Michael. "Travelling Beyond the National: Mobile Citizenship and Flexible Identities in French-Language Return Road Movies." In French-language Road Cinema. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748698677.003.0005.
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This chapter examines what is likely the increasingly prevalent ‘return to origins’ movie. A close look at the corpus of French-language road cinema of the past twenty years reveals a genre that actively reformulates the limits of national and European identity by (often literally) redrawing the map. The popularity of ‘return’ voyages is reflective of a desire to remap French and other national identities within the parameters of an enlarged European Union, within which physical and administrative frontiers have fallen. Return films demonstrate that it is now conceivable to be French, Belgian or Swiss and retain, or rediscover, a connection to another identity, whether Polish, Czech, Armenian, Spanish, Italian, or Maghrebi. The chapter begins with a discussion of how mobile and layered outlooks on citizenship fit into conception of French republicanism and European identity frameworks before zooming in on case studies from France and Switzerland. Voyage en Arménie/Armenia (Robert Guédiguian, 2006, France), Ten’ja/Testament (Hassan Legzouli, 2004, France/Morocco) and Comme des voleurs (à l'est)/Stealth (Lionel Baier, 2005, Switzerland) furnish the examples.
Conference papers on the topic "Switzerland, maps"
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Psenner, Angelika, and Klaus Kodydek. "Researching the morphology of the city’s internal micro structure: UPM Urban Parterre Modelling." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5115.
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As conventional cadastral maps only show building perimeters, they contain no information about the city’s internal structure—about the complex interplay of architecture and its socio-economical use. Thus urban planning seems to spare little thought for what really takes place inside the buildings lining a street, although we perfectly know that the potentials of ground floor use and the structure of the correlating public street space are directly related. The Urban Parterre Modelling UPM-method refers to the city’s “parterre” as a holistic urban system: it covers both built-up and non-built-up areas. Thus street, ground floor and courtyard are treated as entity, so that their interrelations can come to light. Technically the method represents the merging of a common 3D-city-model and a Comprehensive Ground Plan Survey CGPS—a researching technique used in the 1960s until the 1990s (mostly in Italy and Switzerland). This new urban research method has been developed and tested in a pilot study by means of an in depth exploration of an exemplary historical street in Vienna. In September 2015 a new four years research program was financed by the Austrian Science Fund (Austria's central funding organization for basic research, FWF) and launched at the Department of Urban Design at Vienna University of Technology. Within this operational framework a variety of different street-level environments in Vienna are being examined. Given this perspective the paper is therefore addressing the following issues: How was the Viennese ground level originally used? Which urban functions were located there? What are the (historical) interrelations between public space and the life inside buildings? How does this micro system influence urban life and especially pedestrian behaviour?References: CANIGGIA, G. (1986): “Lettura di Firenze – Strukturanalyse der Stadt Florenz”. In Malfroy/ Caniggia: Die morphologische Betrachtungsweise von Stadt und Territorium. Zürich: ETH, Lehrstuhl f. Städtebaugesch. MALFROY, S. (1986): „Die morphologische Betrachtungsweise von Stadt und Territorium“. Zürich : ETH, Lehrstuhl f. Städtebaugeschichte MURATORI, S. (1960): Studi per un operante storia urbana di Venezia. Roma: Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato PETERS, M. (1990): „Stadtgrundriss als Arbeitsinstrument: dem Mittelalter auf der Spur“. In: Hochparterre 1990/4, 30-31 (http://dx.doi.org/10.5169/seals-119191) accessed 23.10.2017 PETERS, M. (1999b): „Elektronische Erfassung eines Industriequartiers: zusammenhängende Grundrissaufnahme in Zürich, ein Experiment“. In: Schweizer Ingenieur und Architekt, Vol.117, 779-784. RUEGG, A. (ed.) (1975): Materialien zur Studie Bern. 4. Jahreskurs 1974/75. Zurich: ETH/Schnebli/Hofer
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Gupta, Sanjeev, Domenico Paladino, Pascal Benz, and Horst Michael Prasser. "Experimental Analysis of Containment Atmosphere Mixing and Stratification Induced by Vertical Fluid Release." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48502.
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Continuing safety assessments are important for the present and future generations of nuclear reactors to ensure safe and efficient use of nuclear energy. For safety analysis purpose, lumped parameter codes as well as codes with 3D capabilities are used to predict and simulate the containment conditions following a hypothetical accident. The assessment of code capability to predict consequences of hypothetical accidents can be done by comparing code simulations with experimental data obtained in large scale facilities under prototypical thermal hydraulic conditions. The large scale PANDA test facility built at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Switzerland is well suited to perform thermal hydraulic experiments for investigating integral containment system response during accidents and also to study multicompartmental 3D effects related to a Light Water Reactor (LWR). This paper presents the experimental results and the analysis of two tests performed in a containment that is represented by two large vessels (volume of each vessel is 90 m3) interconnected by a bended pipe of 1 m diameter. The tests address the possibility of the permanence of hydrogen stratification just beneath the containment dome under conditions determined by low velocity and a plume or jet of higher density which could be, for instance, due to steam produced by evaporation of the sump. Since practically no data are available on these specific phenomena in large scale test facilities, the capabilities of the codes could not be yet verified. During the experiments, a stratified helium-rich layer is created in upper part of one of the two vessels and thereafter, interaction of an ascending buoyant jet with the stratified helium layer is investigated. Helium is used to simulate hydrogen released by cladding metal water reaction. Two tests with initial densimetric Froude number equal to 22.6 (TestAir/He) and 104 (TestSteam/He) are investigated. The distance between the pipe exit for vertical injection of the fluid and the bottom front of the stratified helium rich layer is about 2m for both the investigated test cases. Results depicting the mixing of lower and upper vessel regions are presented in terms of helium concentration profiles and temperature contour maps. The results show that the maximum penetration height is controlled by the initial exit conditions (momentum flux and the buoyancy flux) and density stratification inside the test vessel. Additionally, for the given test conditions and geometry, most of the injected fluid remains trapped in upper part of one of the two test vessels in which helium layer is created.
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Weber, Felix, Florian Obholzer, and Peter Huber. "Model-based TMD Design for the Footbridge "Inwilerstrasse" in Switzerland and ist Experimental Verification." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.003.
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<p>The TMD system of the footbridge "Inwilerstrasse" near Zug in Switzerland was model-based designed for the first vertical bending mode, the expected human excitation, assuming the inherent damping of 0.3 % and ensuring the acceleration limit CL1 (0.50 m/s<sup>2</sup>) of HIVOSS. After the installation of the locked TMDs, first, the TMD frequency was optimized based on the identified bridge eigenfrequency by adjusting the TMD mass.</p><p>Then, the bridge with locked and activated TMDs was excited by five synchronized persons. These tests were re-computed adopting the experimentally identified eigenfrequency and damping ratio of the first bending mode and the optimized TMD mass. The re-computation demonstrates that the excitation force amplitude of one bouncing person must be set to approximately 600 N in order to obtain the measured acceleration of 0.117 m/s<sup>2</sup> of the bridge with activated TMDs. The value of 600 N seems reasonable as this corresponds to approximately 80 % of the average body weight (76 kg) of one person. The very low acceleration of 0.117 m/s<sup>2</sup> of the bridge with activated TMD demonstrates the effectiveness of TMDs.</p>
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HEGRON, Lise, and Boris GEYNET. "Proficiency testing for the calibration of masses." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201910001.
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The CT2M organized in 2018 a european inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) for the calibration of masses. The proficiency testing was particulary intended for the calibration laboratories (accredited or not) but also the testing laboratories carrying out their own calibrations and / or controls of their masses. This circuit took place between April 2018 to October 2018 in five European countries: England, France, Germany, Portugal and Switzerland. The results were processed according to the statistical principle of ISO 13528 [1] and in compliance with the requirements of ISO 17043 [2]. This article presents the organization of this inter-laboratory comparison and the results. The performances of the participants are evaluated and an interpretation of the results is proposed in order to highlight the predominant influence parameters on the mass calibration results (nominal values: 200mg, 2g, 20g, 200g and 20kg).
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Ramseyer, Randolf, Francesco Cimmino, Lionel Emery, et al. "Using Phenomenology to Assess Risk Perception of a New Technology in Public Transportation the Case of the Autonomous Vehicles as Mobility as a Service (MaaS) in Switzerland." In 2018 3rd International Conference on System Reliability and Safety (ICSRS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsrs.2018.8688840.
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Paranjape, Sidharth, Guillaume Mignot, and Domenico Paladino. "Effect of Thermal Stratification on Full-Cone Spray Performance in Reactor Containment for a Scaled Scenario." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30755.
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The results of an experimental study on the nuclear reactor containment spray system are presented. Depending on the initial conditions, the spray nozzle configuration and flow rates, the spray may cause higher hydrogen concentration during depressurization due to steam condensation, or it may erode the hydrogen stratification by enhanced mixing. To investigate these phenomena, the tests are performed using a full-cone spray nozzle in PANDA facility at Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland. Temporal evolution and spatial distribution of the fluid temperature and the fluid concentrations are measured using thermocouples and mass spectrometers. Two tests are performed with initial vessel wall temperatures of 105°C and 135°C, which create condensing and non-condensing environments respectively. The different initial conditions lead to different density stratifications. The effect of these different density stratification on the flow patterns and mixing of gases in the vessels due to the action of the spray is revealed by these tests.
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Langenstein, Magnus, Josef Jansky, Bernd Laipple, Horst Eitschberger, Eberhard Grauf, and Hermann Schalk. "Finding Megawatts in Nuclear Power Plants With Process Data Reconciliation." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49152.
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Process data reconciliation with VALI III is a method for monitoring and optimising industrial processes as well as for component diagnosis, condition-based maintenance and online calibration of instrumentation. Employing process data reconciliation in nuclear power plants enables thermal reactor power to be determined with an uncertainty of less than ± 0.5%, without having to install additional precision instrumentation to measure as for example the final feed-water mass flow. This is equivalent to a measurement uncertainty recapture power uprate potential of about 1.5% (maximum allowed potential is 2.0%). In addition, process data reconciliation is able to detect any drift in the measured values at an early stage, yet allowing for the reconciled variables (such as thermal reactor power) to be calculated with consistently high precision. Without process data reconciliation • drift in measured values and • systematic errors for the feed-water temperature or the feed-water mass flow could remain undetected. With such measurements the thermal reactor power calculation may incorporate an unacceptably large deviation, which has a negative impact on both, safety and economical aspects. This paper describes, how process data reconciliation works and shows examples of the finding and gain of more than 30 MW electrical power in PWR and BWR units in Germany and Switzerland.
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Shea, Kristina, and Ian F. C. Smith. "Applying Shape Annealing to Full-Scale Transmission Tower Re-Design." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dac-8681.
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Abstract Application of structural optimization to transmission tower design is facilitated since major costs, including material, transportation, construction and maintenance, are directly proportional to the mass. Transmission towers are unique civil structures since they are often free from aesthetic considerations making the results of structural optimization less susceptible to subjective assessments. In this paper, shape annealing, a computational design technique, is applied to the optimally directed re-design of transmission towers. Shape annealing has been presented previously as an effective method for the generation of conventional and innovative discrete structures. So far, the method has been targeted at the conceptual design stage. This paper focuses on the re-design of existing full-scale transmission towers in collaboration with Énergie Ouest Suisse (EOS) in Lausanne, Switzerland. The purpose of this paper is to present the challenges and results of applying shape annealing to a highly constrained industrial application as well as the modifications that were needed. This application resulted in suggestions for improving the existing design and insights about practical application of the method to create a system for transmission tower design.
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Schumann, Dorothea, Michael Wohlmuther, and Jo¨rg Neuhausen. "Accelerator Waste: A New Challenge for Radioanalytics." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7008.
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The Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) at Villigen (Switzerland) operates the most powerful accelerator facility in Europe. Due to the increasing quantities of accelerator waste with almost unknown radionuclide inventory, the development of new radio-analytical methods is an urgent task. Besides the characterization by γ-measurements and dose rate determinations, also the investigation of long-lived radionuclides, being probably essential for a final disposal, is required from Swiss authorities. Chemical separation is necessary for the determination of the majority of these isotopes. As a representive example for such studies, the analytics of a beam dump assembly is introduced. Samples were taken from the target E beam dump station from the 590 MeV proton accelerator facility. The content of several radionuclides with half-lives between 2 and 107 years was determined by γ-spectrometry and, after chemical separation, by Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) as well as Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). The results are compared with theoretical predictions. Long-term object of these studies is the elaboration of nuclide vectors, which allow the estimation of nuclide inventories by simple calculations.
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Rajeevalochanam, Prathapanayaka, Vinod Kumar Nanjundaiah, Santhosh Kumar Sahadevan, Narendra Sharma, and Krishnamurthy Settisara Janney. "Comparative Study of Two and Three Blade Mini Propellers Aerodynamic Performance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56174.
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Fixed wing Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) are widely powered by miniature brushless DC motors and mini propellers. These motors have low efficiencies in the MAVs’ operating range; hence consume more power and penalizing the endurance of MAVs flight. Mini propellers also suffer with lower efficiencies due to low Reynolds number effect compared to bigger propellers. Based on the power requirement of MAV’s; generally two bladed different size propellers are used to power these MAVs. Effect of Propeller slipstream wash on the lift generating wings is significant and it is well reported for bigger propellers. The strength of slipstream wash depends on the number of blades, diameter of the propeller, rotational speed, flight speed and trajectory. The effect of slipstream wash could be lowered by increasing the number of blades and with smaller diameter propellers. CSIR-NAL has designed, developed, and fabricated, efficient, 6inch diameter, two and three blade, light-weight, mini propellers using latest state of the art technological advancements for CSIR-NAL fixed wing MAV code named as Black Kite. Apart from this, these propellers are assessed for its realistic propulsive efficiencies using CSIR-NAL configured sophisticated precision test bench manufactured and supplied by M/s MAGTROL, Switzerland. The specialty of this test bench is that it can measure thrust, propellers shaft torque, input power and rotational speeds simultaneously. In the present study CSIR-NAL developed 6 inch diameter two and three bladed propellers of identical plan form are compared for their performance. The three bladed propellers generate 30% higher thrust by marginal weight and efficiency penalty, whereas the noise levels are reduced.