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Journal articles on the topic 'Symbol set'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Geiselman, Eric E., and Robert K. Osgood. "Toward an Empirically Based Helmet-Mounted Display Symbology Set." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 1 (1993): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303700123.

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The helmet-mounted display (HMD) affords continuous availability of critical flight information independent of head orientation. With appropriate information presented on a HMD, aircraft control can be maintained regardless of where the pilot is looking. This research addresses the development of an empirically based HMD symbol set. Three attitude formats and three altitude formats were evaluated within a composite fixed-wing HMD symbology layout. The attitude formats varied in basic form and symbol compression ratio. Symbol compression ratio is the ratio of the angle represented by the symbol

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Kirkpatrick, Mark, Lisa A. Dutra, Robert A. Lyons, Glenn A. Osga, and John J. Pucci. "Tactical Symbology Standards." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 15 (1992): 1087–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118192786749784.

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CRT displays aboard U.S. Navy ships use a standardized monochrome Naval Tactical Data System (NTDS) symbol set to represent properties of symbols such as platform type (e.g. Aircraft Carrier, Combat Air), environment (e.g. air, surface, subsurface), and identification (e.g. hostile, friendly). A color symbol set has been proposed in NATO Standardization Agreement 4420, Display Symbology and Colours for NATO Maritime Units (1990). The U.S. Navy is currently considering ratification of this Standardization Agreement (STANAG). Empirical comparisons of operator performance using the NTDS symbology

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Titani, Satoko. "Completeness of global intuitionistic set theory." Journal of Symbolic Logic 62, no. 2 (1997): 506–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2275544.

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Gentzen's sequential system LJ of intuitionistic logic has two symbols of implication. One is the logical symbol → and the other is the metalogical symbol ⇒ in sequentsConsidering the logical system LJ as a mathematical object, we understand that the logical symbols ∧, ∨, →, ¬, ∀, ∃ are operators on formulas, and ⇒ is a relation. That is, φ ⇒ Ψ is a metalogical sentence which is true or false, on the understanding that our metalogic is a classical logic. In other words, we discuss the logical system LJ in the classical set theory ZFC, in which φ ⇒ Ψ is a sentence.The aim of this paper is to fo

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SIMPSON, NIKI. "Botanical symbols: a new symbol set for new images." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 162, no. 2 (2010): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01021.x.

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Steelman, Kelly S., and Hannah North. "Predicting Detection Times with Perceptual Euclidian Distance." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (2016): 1585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601366.

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How should we select a set of symbol colors to optimize detection times? Here we suggest a simple, easy- to-calculate technique for predicting symbol detection times in cued and uncued visual search tasks. We used Perceptual Euclidian Distance (PED) to measure color similarity among symbols within the set (PEDset) and between each symbol color and the background color (PEDbg). Post hoc analyses of data from two previous change-detection experiments indicated that PEDbg was negatively correlated with detection time, but only in uncued visual search. PEDset, in contrast, was negatively correlate

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Brewer, Cynthia, and Andrew J. Campbell. "Beyond Graduated Circles: Varied Point Symbols for Representing Quantitative Data on Maps." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 29 (March 1, 1998): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp29.672.

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Graduated point symbols are viewed as an appropriate choice for many thematic maps of data associated with point locations. Areal quantitative data, reported by such enumeration units as countries, are frequently presented with choropleth maps but are also well suited to point symbol representations. Our objective is to provide an ordered set of examples of the many point-symbol forms used on maps by showing symbols with linear, areal, and volumetric scaling on repeated small maps of the same data set. Bivariate point symbols are also demonstrated with emphasis on the distinction between symbo

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Joomwong, Jintana, and Dara Phusanga. "Deterministic and non-deterministic hypersubstitutions for algebraic systems." Asian-European Journal of Mathematics 09, no. 02 (2016): 1650047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793557116500479.

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Hypersubstitutions for algebraic systems are mappings which send operation symbols to terms and relational symbols to formulas preserving arities (see [D. Phusanga, Derived Algebraic Systems, Ph.D. thesis, Potsdam (2013)]). In the non-deterministic case, i.e. if one operation symbol is sent to several terms of the same arity and also one relational symbol is sent to several quantifier free formulas of the same arity, we can consider a mapping from the set of operation symbols into the power set of the set of all terms and from the set of relational symbols into the power set of the set of all

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Schlosser, Ralf W., Rajinder Koul, Howard Shane, et al. "Effects of Animation on Naming and Identification Across Two Graphic Symbol Sets Representing Verbs and Prepositions." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 5 (2014): 1779–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_jslhr-l-13-0193.

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Purpose The effects of animation on naming and identification of graphic symbols for verbs and prepositions were studied in 2 graphic symbol sets in preschoolers. Method Using a 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 completely randomized block design, preschoolers across three age groups were randomly assigned to combinations of symbol set (Autism Language Program [ALP] Animated Graphics or Picture Communication Symbols [PCS]), symbol format (animated or static), and word class (verbs or prepositions). Children were asked to name symbols and to identify a target symbol from an array given the spoken label. Results An

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Abdurrohman, Muhammad. "Memahami Makna-Makna Simbolik Pada Upacara Adat Sedekah Laut di Desa Tanjungan Kecamatan Kragan Kabupaten Rembang." Jurnal The Messenger 7, no. 1 (2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v7i1.286.

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<p><em>This study aims to determine the meanings contained in the sequence of the ceremonial procession in the village of Sea Alms Tanjungan as an annual tradition organized by the local community. Theory basis used is the symbol by Susanne Langer's theory which states that a symbol or set of symbols works by connecting a concept, the general idea, pattern, or shape. Symbols are human conceptualization of a thing, there is a symbol for something. Research methods in use is descriptive qualitative, by describing the results that have been obtained from observation and depth intervie

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Pampoulou, Eliada. "Exploring professionals’ experiences when choosing graphic symbol sets." Journal of Enabling Technologies 11, no. 2 (2017): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jet-07-2016-0014.

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Purpose The ongoing development of new graphic symbol sets in conjunction with a lack of literature supporting professionals in choosing the optimum set(s) for their users was the driving force behind this research project. The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that professionals take into consideration when they choose one graphic symbol set instead of another. Design/methodology/approach Based on the phenomenology of pedagogy, semi-structured interviews were used with three speech and language therapists (SLTs), three special education teachers, one teacher for pupils with hear

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Báez, Henry F., and Juan G. Vargas. "Strategy for syntax error recovering." Ingeniería e Investigación 23, no. 3 (2003): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v23n3.14698.

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This paper describes a new strategy for syntax error recovering for a complier that does not have instruction separators like ‘;’ or opening and closing brackets like ‘{‘and ‘}’: This strategy is based on 4 steps. 1. Find set of tokens (called ACEPTA set) for each non terminal symbol of the grammar 2. During the syntax analysis of each non terminal symbol, eliminate the tokens that are not in the ACEPTA set. 3. Eliminate repeated tokens that are not accepted by the grammar, and 4. Complete symbols in the syntax analysis with the hope that the token that has not been erased later will match wit

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Tetruashvili, M. "Complexity of the Decidability of One Class of Formulas in Quantifier-Free Set Theory with a Set-Union Operator." gmj 3, no. 1 (1996): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gmj.1996.97.

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Abstract We consider the quantifier-free set theory MLSUn containing the symbols U, \, =, ∈, Un. Un(p) is interpreted as the union of all members of the set p. It is proved that there exists an algorithm which for any formula Q of the MLSUn theory containing at most one occurrence of the symbol Un decides whether Q is true or not using the space cn 3 log2 n (n is the length of Q).

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Mizuko, Mark, and Joan Esser. "The Effect of Direct Selection and Circular Scanning on Visual Sequential Recall." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 34, no. 1 (1991): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3401.43.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of selection techniques on visual sequential recall. Specifically, this study investigated whether there are visual sequential recall differences between direct selection and scanning in task performance in normally developing 4-year-old children. Results suggested that there were no significant differences between direct selection and scanning for visual sequential recall. However, subjects correctly recalled significantly fewer symbols in a specific sequence represented by Blissymbols than by Picsyms. In addition they recalled signif

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ANDRÉN, LINA J., CARL JOHAN CASSELGREN, and LARS-DANIEL ÖHMAN. "Avoiding Arrays of Odd Order by Latin Squares." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 22, no. 2 (2012): 184–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548312000570.

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We prove that there is a constantcsuch that, for each positive integerk, every (2k+ 1) × (2k+ 1) arrayAon the symbols (1,. . .,2k+1) with at mostc(2k+1) symbols in every cell, and each symbol repeated at mostc(2k+1) times in every row and column isavoidable; that is, there is a (2k+1) × (2k+1) Latin squareSon the symbols 1,. . .,2k+1 such that, for eachi,j∈ {1,. . .,2k+1}, the symbol in position (i,j) ofSdoes not appear in the corresponding cell inA. This settles the last open case of a conjecture by Häggkvist. Using this result, we also show that there is a constant ρ, such that, for any posi

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Mirenda, Pat, and Peggy A. Locke. "A Comparison of Symbol Transparency in Nonspeaking Persons with Intellectual Disabilities." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 54, no. 2 (1989): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5402.131.

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This investigation compared the transparency of 11 different types of symbols representing objects with 40 nonspeaking subjects who experienced various degrees of intellectual disability. The subjects included a number of individuals with physical impairments or autism in addition to mild, moderate, or severe mental retardation. The symbol sets included: nonidentical objects, miniature objects, identical colored photographs, nonidentical colored photographs, black-and-white photographs, Picture Communication Symbols (PCS), Picsyms, Rebus, Self-Talk, Blissymbols, and written words. Statistical

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Fisher, Donald L., and Nancy S. Tanner. "Optimal Symbol Set Selection: A Semiautomated Procedure." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 34, no. 1 (1992): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872089203400109.

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A new model of the visual search process is developed which can improve the design of large symbol sets such as those used by nuclear power plant personnel, air traffic controllers, and battlefield troops. An experiment was conducted to determine whether the new, componential model or an already existing, discriminability model better explains visual search behavior. The results were consistent with the componential model. We show how to use the componential model to help automate selection of the optimal symbol set (i.e., the symbol set that minimizes the average time to find a target).

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Ribar, N., M. S. Wogalter, and C. B. Mayhorn. "Perceived Hazard for Images Depicting before and during Consequences with Two Kinds of Prohibition Symbols." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 18 (2007): 1114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705101813.

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This research examined the connoted danger level for symbols varying on type of prohibition symbol and depictions showing before- or during-injury consequences. One prohibition symbol was a red circle with a diagonal slash intended to show that the depicted event within the circle should not be performed. A similar, but less commonly used, prohibition symbol is the red circle without the slash. In the present research, 96 participants evaluated a set of symbols on two risk perception scales. Eight of the symbols viewed were manipulated with respect to a base concept depicting before- or during

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Grigaliūnas, Mikas, and Gintautas Grigas. "Vardų sintaksė ir mnemonika programavimo kalbose." Lietuvos matematikos rinkinys 40 (December 18, 2000): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lmr.2000.35095.

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The main attention in the paper is paid to the set of symbols, which can be used in identifiers. Modern computers uses 8 bit coding, and many programming languages does so. But only few of them (Logo, Component Pascal) takes all advantages of 8 bit coding and allows to use all letters of alphabet in identifiers. Proffesional languages such as Pascal and C have restrictions for a symbol set in identifiers. These restrictions comes back from 7 or even 6 bit coding. The recent standards of programming languages allows to extend symbol set. Such kind of extension – interface between IbrboPascal an

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Yin, Yong, and Chengcheng Zhang. "Dot Symbol Auto-filling Method for Land-use Areas in Cartographic Representation." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-421-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Dot symbol filling is a key step in the visualization of land use areas data. The traditional method cannot adapt well to the shape features of complex areas, which leads to the unreasonable symbol arrangement in the inner region and boundary of areas during symbol filling. For this reason, a dot symbol auto-filling method for land-use areas considering shape features is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the constrained Delaunay triangulation, the internal structure of complex areas is branched and the paragraphs with the same width and n

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Barrat, Sabine, and Salvatore Tabbone. "A Progressive Learning Method for Symbol Recognition." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 14, no. (2) (2008): 224–36. https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-014-02-0224.

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This paper deals with a progressive learning method for symbol recognition which improves its own recognition rate when new symbols are recognized in graphic documents. We propose a discriminant analysis method which provides allocation rules from a training set of labelled data. However a discriminant analysis method is efficient only if the training set and the test data are defined in the same conditions but it is rare in real life. In order to overcome this problem, a conditional vector is added to each instance to take into account the parasitic effects between the test data and the train

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Pérez-González, Luis Antonio, and Héctor Martínez. "Emergence of Third-Order Conditional Discriminations from Learning Discriminations with Unrelated Stimuli." Psychological Record 72, no. 1 (2021): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40732-021-00461-2.

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AbstractThis study explored learning and generalization of a third-order conditional discrimination. Two 8-year-old children learned two auditory–visual conditional discriminations in which they selected visual Japanese syllabic symbols in response to syllables spoken by the experimenter. Then, they learned a third-order conditional discrimination in which they selected between two visual symbols after being exposed to two spoken syllables and one visual symbol. Thereafter, we probed generalization with novel symbols and names by teaching two additional conditional discriminations with Nahuatl

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Tokarev, Grigoriy. "Pragmatics of Quasi-Symbol." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 3 (August 2021): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2021.3.12.

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The article is devoted to the pragmatics of the quasi-symbol, a linguistic and cultural unit that has a verbal nature. It functions as a sign of culture, expresses ideas, and models human behavior. The cultural specificity of quasi-symbols is considered in the aspects of its locution, illocution and perlocution. The paper reveals that cultural aspects of quasi-symbolic locution are based on conventional implicatures. They provide the perception of the utterance as veritable, form typical illocution and perlocution of the utterance. The work proves that cultural aspects of quasi-symbol locution

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Dejter, Italo J. "Total Coloring and Efficient Domination Applications to Non-Cayley Non-Shreier Vertex-transitive Graphs." Ars Combinatoria 161, no. 1 (2024): 75–87. https://doi.org/10.61091/ars161-06.

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Let . Let the star 2-set transposition graph be the -regular graph whose vertices are the -strings on symbols, each symbol repeated twice, with its edges given each by the transposition of the initial entry of one such -string with any entry that contains a different symbol than that of the initial entry. The pancake 2-set transposition graph has the same vertex set of and its edges involving each the maximal product of concentric disjoint transpositions in any prefix of an endvertex string, including the external transposition being that of an edge of . For , we show that and , among other in

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Nag, Sonali. "How children learn to use a writing system." Written Language and Literacy 24, no. 2 (2021): 284–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.00056.nag.

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Abstract Decoding a writing system is an impressive task requiring recognition of connections between printed symbols and the language they represent. Recognising the linguistic anchors for individual symbols is however not enough. Inferences are needed about unseen and often unstated encoding principles. This paper reviews task demands implicit in children’s books and find the models of orthographic learning in an Indic writing system must go beyond a focus on intra-symbol cues, the size of the symbol set, and the nature of sound-symbol mapping. The child-directed print corpus also shows a su

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Bradshaw, Sally, and Lance Storm. "Archetypes, symbols and the apprehension of meaning." International Journal of Jungian Studies 5, no. 2 (2013): 154–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19409052.2012.685662.

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C.G. Jung proposed that archetypal symbols carry implicit meanings. We therefore hypothesised that symbol cueing facilitates memory and subsequent recall of meaning words associated with symbols. In the present study, participants either freely generated, or selected from a list, one meaning word for each of 30 symbols presented on screen. As expected, results showed little evidence of conscious knowledge of meaning words. Upon presentation of two sets of symbols and meaning words (15 pairs matched; 15 pairs mismatched), words from the matched-pairs set were correctly recalled significantly mo

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Ball, Martin J., Sara J. Howard, and Kirk Miller. "Revisions to the extIPA chart." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 48, no. 2 (2017): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100317000147.

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This paper describes changes to the extIPA (Extensions to the IPA) symbol set, the motivation for these changes, and areas where future changes by the IPA might be helpful to clinical transcribers. The extIPA symbol set was introduced some twenty-five years ago. Since that time, some minor changes have been introduced to the extIPA chart but no major rearrangement has been attempted. The 2010 Oslo meeting of ICPLA (International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association) started a revision of the extIPA chart, and this process was recently completed. A revised extIPA chart was approved at

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Ball, Martin J. "Additional Phonetic Symbols for the Transcription of Typical and Atypical Speech." Journal of Connected Speech 1, no. 1 (2025): 106–19. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcspeech.29303.

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Abstract: The extIPA symbols chart provides a range of symbols to help clinical phoneticians transcribe atypical speech. However, there are groups of sounds that occur in disordered speech that have no symbols, and there are also sets of symbols used by some phoneticians that are not included on either the IPA or extIPA charts. Based on this, a set of Additional Phonetic (AddPhon) symbols are described in this article. Four criteria are outlined for inclusion in AddPhon, one or more of which must be met by any symbol being considered: it was previously, but is no longer, recognized by the IPA;

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CHIA, WAI CHONG, LI WERN CHEW, LI-MINN ANG, and KAH PHOOI SENG. "BINARY-UNCODED IMAGE AND VIDEO COMPRESSION USING SPIHT-ZTR CODING." International Journal of Image and Graphics 11, no. 03 (2011): 415–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467811004135.

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When the embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) algorithm was first introduced by Shapiro, four types of symbols (zerotree (ZTR), isolated zero (IZ), positive (POS), and negative (NEG)) were used to represent the tree structure. An improved version of EZW, the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) algorithm was later proposed by Said and Pearlman. SPIHT removed the ZTR symbol, while keeping the other three symbols in a slightly different form. In the SPIHT algorithm, the coding of the parent node is isolated from the coding of its descendants in the tree structure. Therefore, it is no longer

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van den Berg, Fabian C. G., Peter de Weerd, and Lisa M. Jonkman. "Number-related Brain Potentials Are Differentially Affected by Mapping Novel Symbols on Small versus Large Quantities in a Number Learning Task." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 7 (2020): 1263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01546.

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The nature of the mapping process that imbues number symbols with their numerical meaning—known as the “symbol-grounding process”—remains poorly understood and the topic of much debate. The aim of this study was to enhance insight into how the nonsymbolic–symbolic number mapping process and its neurocognitive correlates might differ between small (1–4; subitizing range) and larger (6–9) numerical ranges. Hereto, 22 young adults performed a learning task in which novel symbols acquired numerical meaning by mapping them onto nonsymbolic magnitudes presented as dot arrays (range 1–9). Learning-de

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KIM, SOO HYUNG, and JIN HYUNG KIM. "AUTOMATIC INPUT OF LOGIC DIAGRAMS BY RECOGNIZING LOOP-SYMBOLS AND RECTILINEAR CONNECTIONS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 08, no. 05 (1994): 1113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001494000553.

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An automatic system that reads an image of a logic diagram, digitized by a document scanner, and generates a description of the diagram in terms of logic symbols and their interconnections is proposed. The digitized image is converted into a set of line segments by way of a sequence of picture processing operations, Then symbols and connections are recognized by identifying loops and rectilinear polylines. Graphical description of a set of symbol models is provided as prior knowledge about input diagrams. Experiments show that the system can recognize more than 96% of logic symbols and connect

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Nugent, William A. "Effects of Symbol Type, Selection Tool and Information Density on Tactical Display Visual Search Performance." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 19 (1994): 1256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403801902.

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This study compared the relative effectiveness of two color-coded symbol sets and two selection tools in performing a tactical display visual search task. Performance data were obtained for 36 symbols (called target tracks), 12 in each of three warfare areas. Each target track was presented under four levels of overlap by adjoining or occluding it with non-target (distracter) symbols of the same or different color. Performance measures, which included speed, accuracy, number of selection tool uses and time-outs, were obtained for 144 trials per participant. Results showed color-filled NATO sym

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Li, Wei-zhe, Xiao Han, Li Wei, Jing-wei Yin, Guang-jun Zhu, and Zhi-chao Jiang. "Robust symbol detection for single-carrier underwater acoustic communication in impulsive noise environment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 156, no. 3 (2024): 1782–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0028525.

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This paper addresses robust underwater acoustic communication in the presence of impulsive noise. We propose a single-carrier iterative symbol detection method, which combines variational Bayesian inference (VBI) and vector approximate message passing (VAMP) for impulsive noise cancellation. Unlike existing methods, we model the measurements as a combination of two components: clean data without impulsive noise and impulse-noise–induced outliers. A set of binary indicator variables is used to identify outliers automatically. Under the proposed mixed model, we derive a VBI-based symbol detectio

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Wells, R. B. "Application of set-membership techniques to symbol-by-symbol decoding for binary data-transmission systems." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 42, no. 4 (1996): 1285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.508861.

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Nugent, William A. "Comparison of Variable Coded Symbology to a Conventional Tactical Situation Display Method." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 23 (1996): 1174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604002306.

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Visual search performance was compared using three variable coded symbology (VCS) methods, which included a mixture of symbol colors and/or shapes on the same tactical situation display, to a single color-coded tactical symbol set. Six participants completed two replications of 12 trials using each method on a combined total of 336 targets. Half the sample viewed visually prominent air targets in VCS methods administered in the first session, with sea surface targets prominent in VCS methods in the second session; the converse for the other half. Performance measures included throughput-an est

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Bereg, Sergey, Zevi Miller, and Ivan Hal Sudborough. "Upper Bounds for Chebyshev Permutation Arrays." Entropy 27, no. 6 (2025): 558. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27060558.

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We improve on known upper bounds for the size of permutation arrays under the Chebyshev metric, defined as follows. The Chebyshev distance between permutations π and σ on the symbols {1,2,…,n}, denoted by d(π,σ), is max{|πi−σi||1≤i≤n}. For an array A (set) of such permutations, the Chebyshev distance of A, denoted by d(A), is min{d(π,σ)|π,σ∈A,π≠σ}. An array A of such permutations with d(A)=d will be called an (n,d)-PA. Let P(n,d) denote the maximum size of any (n,d)-PA. The function P(n,d) has been the subject of previous research. In this paper, we consider strings on the symbols {0,1,2}, wit

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Khvorostukhina, Ekaterina, and Vladimir Molchanov. "Universal Hypergraphic Automata Representation by Autonomous Input Symbols." Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems 25, no. 5 (2018): 561–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/1818-1015-2018-5-561-571.

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Hypergraphic automata are automata with state sets and input symbol sets being hypergraphs which are invariant under actions of transition and output functions. Universally attracting objects of a category of hypergraphic automata are automata Atm(H1,H2). Here,H1is a state hypergraph,H2is classified as an output symbol hypergraph, andS= EndH1× Hom(H1,H2) is an input symbol semigroup. Such automata are called universal hypergraphic automata. The input symbol semigroupSof such an automaton Atm(H1,H2) is an algebra of mappings for such an automaton. Semigroup properties are interconnected with pr

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Stanek, Karel, and Petr Silhak. "Real-time Cartographic Generalisation: Risk Management Maps Case Study." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-349-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> One of the main tasks that have been addressed within the project “Dynamic Mapping Methods Focused on Risk and Disaster Management in the Big Data Era” was how to deal with a scale-dependent modification of a thematic content. Thematic content on this type of maps is composed of point-based observations from different sources. Assembled maps are organized according to particular risk phenomena and previously mentioned point observations indicate status of the risk in selected theme. These indicators come from a variety of different sources, such

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GOZZI, E., and M. REUTER. "QUANTUM-DEFORMED CANONICAL TRANSFORMATIONS, W∞ ALGEBRAS AND UNITARY TRANSFORMATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 09, no. 32 (1994): 5801–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x94002405.

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We investigate the algebraic properties of the quantum counterpart of the classical canonical transformations using the symbol calculus approach to quantum mechanics. In this framework we construct a set of pseudodifferential operators which act on the symbols of operators, i.e. on functions defined over phase space. They act as operatorial left and right multiplication and form a W∞×W∞ algebra which contracts to its diagonal subalgebra in the classical limit. We also describe the Gel’fand-Naimark-Segal (GNS) construction in this language and show that the GNS representation space (a doubled H

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ALHAZOV, ARTIOM, RUDOLF FREUND, and MARION OSWALD. "CELL/SYMBOL COMPLEXITY OF TISSUE P SYSTEMS WITH SYMPORT/ANTIPORT RULES." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 17, no. 01 (2006): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012905410600367x.

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We consider tissue P systems with symport/antiport rules and investigate their computational power when using only a (very) small number of symbols and cells. Even when using only one symbol, we need at most six (seven when allowing only one channel between a cell and the environment) cells to generate any recursively enumerable set of natural numbers. On the other hand, with only one cell we can only generate regular sets when using one channel with the environment, whereas one cell with two channels between the cell and the environment obtains computational completeness with five symbols. Be

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Royana, Ira, Muhammad Win Afgani, and Ambasari Kusuma Wardhani. "REPRESENTASI SIMBOLIK SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL HOTS MATERI RELASI DAN FUNGSI KELAS VIII SMP." Lentera Sriwijaya : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika 3, no. 1 (2021): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jls.v3i1.12857.

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AbstractThis study aims to describe the symbolic representation of students in solving HOTS questions on the relation material and functions of class VIII SMP. Qualitative descriptive research method with case research form. The research subjects consisted of six grade VIII students of SMP N 22 Palembang, namely two high-ability students, two medium-ability students and two low-ability students. The data was collected by providing test questions, interviews and documentation. The results of data analysis show that high-ability students have errors in the function symbols, function equations, c

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Iqbal, Asif, Manar Mohaisen, and Kyung Sup Kwak. "Modulation Set Optimization for the Improved Complex Quadrature SM." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (July 17, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6769484.

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At each channel use, the complex quadrature spatial modulation (CQSM) transmits two signal symbols drawn from two disjoint modulation sets. The indices of the antennas from which symbols are transmitted also carry information. In the improved CQSM (ICQSM), an additional antenna is used to transmit the second signal symbol only when the indices of the antennas to be used for transmission are equal. Conventionally, the second modulation set is a rotated version of the first, where the rotation angle is optimized such that the average unconditional error probability (AUP) is reduced. In this pape

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Kuveždić Divjak, A., B. Pribičević, and A. Đapo. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TAXONOMY, STANDARDISATION AND AVAILABILITY OF CARTOGRAPHIC SYMBOL SETS FOR CRISIS MAPPING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W8 (August 21, 2019): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w8-241-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Cartographic symbols on crisis maps serve as the means of depicting information about the position, properties, and/or numerical values of objects, phenomena or actions specific to crisis mapping. The aim of symbology for many crisis cartographic visualisations are simple, clear, aesthetically pleasing symbols that can be easily used and understood by a wide range of crisis map users. If they are incomprehensible, illegible, ambiguous, unclassified, and random, if they lack hierarchical organisation and other characteristics which are important w

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Freeman, Kenya, and Michael S. Wogalter. "Evaluation of Pictorial Symbols to Warn Computer Keyboard Users about Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 45, no. 20 (2001): 1468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120104502004.

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Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is an upper-extremity disorder that can cause chronic pain and disability. Although CTS can arise from a wide variety of repetitive tasks with awkward hand/arm positioning, a large percentage of cases are attributed to, or exacerbated by, computer input devices such as keyboards. One potential way to reduce the development of CTS in keyboard users is to warn them about the disease's early symptoms so that corrective actions might be taken before the disease becomes more severe. The present research systematically examines one of the components of a potential CTS wa

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Kleshch, Kyrylo. "Development of fuzzy search method for creating an efficient information search system in text data." Technology audit and production reserves 1, no. 2(75) (2024): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2024.298425.

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The object of research is the processes of effective search for information in a set of textual data. The subject of the research is the fuzzy search method, which will allow to effectively solve the problem of searching for information in a set of textual data. The paper considers the process of developing a fuzzy search method, which consists of 9 consecutive steps and is required for a quick search for matches in a large set of text data. Based on this method, it is proposed to create a fuzzy search system that will solve the problem of finding the most relevant documents from a set of such

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Mihalynuk, Mitchell G., Shannon M. S. Mallory, and Brian Grant. "Geological symbol set for Manifold® Geographic Information System." Computers & Geosciences 32, no. 8 (2006): 1228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.11.003.

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Genga, Yuval, Olutayo Oyerinde, and Jaco Versfeld. "Symbol-level iterative information set decoding of RS codes." Alexandria Engineering Journal 73 (July 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.04.034.

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Jakóbczak, Dariusz Jacek. "A Novel Method of 2D Computation and Reconstruction." PROOF 1 (May 9, 2021): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232020.2021.1.6.

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Proposed method, called Probabilistic Nodes Combination (PNC), is the method of 2D curve modeling and handwriting identification by using the set of key points. Nodes are treated as characteristic points of signature or handwriting for modeling and writer recognition. Identification of handwritten letters or symbols need modeling and the model of each individual symbol or character is built by a choice of probability distribution function and nodes combination. PNC modeling via nodes combination and parameter γ as probability distribution function enables curve parameterization and interpolati

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Chobanyan, Raphael, and Mikhail A. Zubkov. "Precise Wigner–Weyl Calculus for the Honeycomb Lattice." Symmetry 16, no. 8 (2024): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16081081.

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In this paper, we propose a precise Wigner–Weyl calculus for the models defined on the honeycomb lattice. We construct two symbols of operators: the B symbol, which is similar to the one introduced by F. Buot, and the W (or, Weyl) symbol. The latter possesses the set of useful properties. These identities allow us to use it in physical applications. In particular, we derive topological expression for the Hall conductivity through the Wigner-transformed Green function. This expression may be used for the description of the systems with artificial honeycomb lattice, when magnetic flux through th

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Jakóbczak, Dariusz Jacek. "The Method of Probabilistic Nodes Combination in Biomechanics." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 17 (November 10, 2022): 458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23203.2022.17.50.

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Proposed method, called Probabilistic Nodes Combination (PNC), is the method of 2D curve modeling and handwriting identification by using the set of key points. Nodes are treated as characteristic points of signature or handwriting for modeling and writer recognition. Identification of handwritten letters or symbols need modeling and the model of each individual symbol or character is built by a choice of probability distribution function and nodes combination. PNC modeling via nodes combination and parameter γ as probability distribution function enables curve parameterization and interpolati

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Borodenko, Oleh. "SYMBOL AND LEGAL MYTH." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 68, no. 1 (2025): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.23856/6802.

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The aim of this paper is to prove the hypothesis: symbol plays a decisive role in the process of legal myth-making; it occupies a central place in the structure of the legal myth. Nowadays, the role of the symbol in the structure of legal myth has not been sufficiently studied in Ukrainian and foreign science, which explains the relevance of our research. Symbol and legal myth have much in common, for example: sociocultural characteristics; timelessness; the ability to combine opposites. Every legal myth is a combination of legal reality and the unreal. Legal myths and mythologemes are rooted

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