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Emmerson, Stephen B. "Programmatic and symbolic references in some early works of Bartók." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670332.
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Campos, Sandra Maria Christiani de La Torre Lacerda. "Bonecas Karajá: modelando inovações, transmitindo tradições." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2717.
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From the collections of stored ceramic dolls in museum, in this work are analysed the connections between art and society. The systematics of classification and organization of collections in ethnographic museums is reducing that category of figurative art to a toy of girl , while for the Anthropology, the object assumes the role of a proof of social practices as a product of its origin culture. The examination of Karajá dolls collections at the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology of São Paulo University, the dialogue with the producing society where the object circulates among several spheres of the cultural life, and the incorporation of conceptual bases of an anthropology of objects, has as focus the symbolic references of the social divisions and the knowledges and making transmissions about the relation between art and social life. There is an analysis on the corporeal painting and the ornamental standards of the figures, believing that the aesthetic manifestations are characterized as insignia of tribal identification and a peculiar way of that society to make explicit its cosmological universe. The internal circulation of the dolls, differently of what occurs in the museums collections, happens in a manner of sets which are offered to the girls. Each set named of family represents the age phases, identified by ornamental attributes corresponding to each one of them. That way of circulation, subordinated to a series of internal traditional rules comes corroborating the hypothesis of that the objects surpass the toy category, leading to the understanding of Karajá familiar structure and of the dynamics of changes or permanencies of several spheres of the social life
Este trabalho analisa as conexões entre arte e sociedade a partir de coleções de bonecas cerâmicas armazenadas em museu. A sistemática de classificação e organização de coleções em museus etnográficos vem reduzindo essa categoria da arte figurativa a brinquedo de menina , ao passo que para a antropologia, o objeto assume o papel de testemunho de práticas sociais vinculadas a cultura de origem.O exame das coleções de bonecas Karajá do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia da Universidade de São Paulo, o diálogo com a sociedade produtora em que o objeto circula entre várias esferas da vida cultural, e a incorporação de bases conceituais da antropologia, tem como foco as referências simbólicas das divisões sociais e a transmissão de saberes e fazeres acerca da relação entre arte e vida social. Analiso a pintura corporal e os padrões ornamentais das figuras Karajá, na condição de manifestações estéticas que se caracterizam como insígnias de identificação tribal e uma forma peculiar dessa sociedade explicitar seu universo cosmológico. A circulação interna das bonecas, diferente do que ocorre nas coleções de museus, se dá em forma de conjuntos que são presenteados às meninas. Cada conjunto chamado de família representa as fases de idade, identificadas pelos atributos ornamentais e pelas características físicas expressas no corpo correspondentes a cada uma delas. Essa forma de circulação submetida a uma série de regras tradicionais internas vem corroborando a hipótese de que os objetos superam a categoria brinquedo, levando à compreensão da estrutura familiar Karajá e da dinâmica de mudanças ou permanências de várias esferas da vida social
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Wright, James Arthur. "Product symbolic status: development of a scale to assess different product types." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4222.
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The literature on status, product symbolism, product involvement, and reference
group influence is reviewed to conceptually define the Product Symbolic Status
construct. The research consisted of two studies (N = 524) that examined 17 different
product types to develop and validate the Product Symbolic Status (PSS) scale. The PSS
scale is comprised of four facets: self-concept, impression management, lifestyle, and
social visibility. The PSS scale consists of nine items which produced an average
reliability of ñ = .90 and showed evidence of convergent and discriminant validity in
MTMM analyses with the constructs of product value-expressiveness, product
involvement, and product exclusivity/luxury. The PSS scale can also be used for brand
symbolic status research. The marketing and advertising research implications are
discussed.
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Whistler, Daniel. "The theological dimensions of F.W.J. Schelling's theory of symbolic language." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cc9ed6e7-d409-4550-be41-d5963a50cf9c.
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In this thesis I examine Schelling’s construction of symbolic language in §73 of his Philosophie der Kunst. I approach this construction in three ways. First, I compare Schellingian symbolic language to other contemporary theories of the symbol and language (in particular, those of Goethe, Kant and A.W. Schlegel). While Schelling’s theory of symbolic language possesses properties similar to these other theories (the identity of being and meaning, organic wholeness, the co-existence of opposites), I show that it differs in how they are interpreted. Second, I excavate the metaphysical and epistemological principles from Schelling’s philosophy of the period which underlie this theory of language. Three tenets from the Identitätssystem (as it is called) are crucial: formation, quantitative differentiation and construction. They illuminate why Schelling interprets symbolic language very differently to his contemporaries. Third, I consider the theological significance of Schellingian symbolic language. This significance is twofold. First, his theory gives rise to a conception of discourse without reference, and so to the notion of a theology without reference. On this basis, Schelling criticises Christian theology for remaining too concerned with referring to God, when what is at stake is rather the degree of intensity to which it produces God. Theology therefore stands in need of reformation. Second, the way in which theology is utilised by Schelling in order to construct symbolic language in §73 of the Philosophie der Kunst itself provides a model for reformed theological practice. I argue that Schelling conceives of traditional theology as material for intensifying the production of God. In this way, an ‘absolute theology’ is engendered which has no concern for reference or for the integrity of the theological tradition.
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Grigorian, Natasha. "The use of myth in European Symbolism, with reference to selected examples of Symbolist poetry and painting in France, Germany and Russia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424886.
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Nylund, Marcus. "SYMBOLER I SPELMILJÖER : Externa visuella referenser i spelvärldar." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-6342.
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Detta arbete som utgår ifrån ett perceptions- och semiotiskt perspektiv undersöker om det är möjligt att med enbart visuella symboler i en 3D-miljö, referera till ett kunskapsämne utanför spelvärlden som spelaren är fördjupad i . Detta gjordes genom att producera en 3D-miljö av ett kontor och sedan placera ett flertal symboler från nordisk mytologi och nordisk historik mellan 800- och 1000-talet i denna kontorsmiljö. Sedan fick respondenter utforska miljön och besvara en enkät i en kvantitativ undersökning där frågor ställdes angående respondentens uppfattning om miljön, om de fann objekt i miljön "utstickande" och om de fann symboliska objekt och varför. Med detta arbete som grund kan framtida arbeten fördjupa sig ytterligare om symboler och hur de används i spelmiljöer.
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Burkitt, Ian. "The sociological problem of personality formation : with special reference to symbolic interactionist, Marxist and figurational approaches." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235695.
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Botha, Fourie. "Symbolic masters/semiotic slaves : subjectivity and subjection in Atwood, with reference to The circle game and Two-headed poems." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13932.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-86).This dissertation explores the construction of the subject via a relationship of power in two poem sequences, 'The circle game' and 'Two-headed poems', by Margaret Atwood. I argue that Atwood proposes a subject similar to the kind of subject found in psychoanalysis. Like the psychoanalytic subject, Atwood's subject is formed in relation to its other. This relation is essentially a power relation and can become unbalanced, forcing one of the two parties into a subjugated position. Atwood not only exposes these skewed relations of power, but also explores possible solutions for escaping or reconfiguring these relationships. The first chapter briefly discusses theories of the subject by Freud, Lacan and Kristeva. I use Hegel's dialectic between the 'master' and 'bondsman', and subsequent psychoanalytic and postcolonial applications of it, to examine the construction of the subject in terms of an other in Chapter 2. Postcolonial map theory and Kristeva's ideas on the abject are used to verbalize the divisions, but also the interactions, between the subject and its other as well as possibilities of escape. Chapter 3 demonstrates these power relationships, and their expression in cartographic terms, in 'The circle game'. In Chapter 4, I show how processes analogous to the eruption of poetic language into the symbolic order are described in the poetry. Even though these processes do not provide a clear-cut solution to the position of the subjected, their presence signals the possibility of renegotiating unbalanced relationships of power.
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Elkins, Anne Fleet Dillard. "Roles of Perceptions of Reference Groups, Clothing Symbolism, and Clothing Involvement in Female Adolescents' Clothing Purchase Intentions and Clothing Behavior." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77222.
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The youth market has been characterized as one of the most coveted market segments because of its spending power and tremendous potential for becoming lifetime customers (Bush, Martin, & Bush, 2004). The product market for adolescents is expected to grow to more than $208 billion by 2011, according to a report from market research firm Packaged Facts (Sass, 2007). Apparel, jewelry, and cosmetics are top product categories for adolescent girls and are important products used by adolescents to portray personal identity (Ossorio, 1995). Because of adolescents' buying power and the important role apparel plays in adolescents' lives, it is important for apparel marketers to understand the adolescent consumer market.
The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between each of three independent variables (i.e., reference groups, clothing symbolism, and clothing involvement) and adolescents' clothing purchase intentions and clothing behavior, and whether the three variables are predictors of adolescents' clothing purchase intentions and clothing behavior. Reference groups are a source of instrumental and emotional support, offering adolescents a sense of belonging during their physical, emotional, and cognitive adjustment (Blackwell, Miniard, & Engel, 2001). Adolescents may have many different types of reference groups. The reference groups included in the currents study were friends, popular girls, and parents. Specifically in the current study, ninth grade girls' perceptions of friends' clothing behavior, popular girls' clothing behavior, and parents' opinions concerning clothing behavior were examined for their relationship to the ninth grade girls' clothing purchase intentions and behavior. The second independent variable was clothing symbolism. Adolescents may use clothing as a symbol (i.e., clothing symbolism) to express their actual self-concepts or to attain their ideal self-concepts (Erickson, 1983; Solomon & Rabolt, 2004). Two types of clothing symbolism were included in the study: the degree of congruity between actual self-concept and the perceived images of four outfits (i.e., actual self and clothing image congruity) and the degree of congruity between ideal self-concept and the perceived images of four outfits (i.e., ideal self and clothing image congruity). The third independent variable was clothing involvement. Viera (2009) found that young consumers are highly involved with clothing. The degree of clothing involvement may be closely related to adolescent girls' clothing purchase intentions and their clothing behavior.
A conceptual model that formed the framework for this study was developed by integrating several theories, propositions, and research findings in the literature. Based on the framework, 16 research questions were formulated. Focus groups provided input for questionnaire development, and four outfit images, one each considered sexy, conservative, springy, or sporty, were identified and included in the questionnaire. Before the main data collection, the questionnaire was pilot tested and revised. Data collection was conducted at three high schools in central Virginia, and 353 female students in the ninth grade participated. Standard and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to address the research questions.
Among the four outfit images, that with a sexy image was found to have the highest mean score for ideal self-concept, indicating that participants would most like to view themselves sexy. Results of a factor analysis for clothing involvement revealed three factors: clothing importance, clothing expressions, and clothing brand perceptions. Participants had fairly high mean scores for all three clothing involvement factors. Among those three factors, clothing importance had the highest mean. In addition, results showed that participants perceived that their friends and popular girls would most often wear the outfit with a sporty image, and they also perceived that their parents would most like them to wear an outfit with a sporty image. The sporty outfit image also had the highest mean for participants' clothing purchase intentions and clothing behavior among the four outfit images.
Results of one of the stepwise regressions, for the sexy outfit image showed that perceptions of reference groups' clothing behavior or opinions (i.e., friends' clothing behavior, parents' opinions concerning clothing behavior, popular girls' clothing behavior), one type of clothing symbolism (i.e., ideal self and clothing image congruity), and one clothing involvement factor (i.e., clothing importance) predicted adolescent girls' purchase intentions for the outfit with a sexy image. The results for wearing clothing with a sexy image when hanging out with friends were slightly different from those for purchase intentions. For the behavior of wearing an outfit with a sexy image, the variable "perceptions of popular girls' clothing behavior" was not a predictor, but actual self and clothing image congruity was. For the springy outfit image, all the perceptions of reference groups' clothing behavior or opinions and actual self and clothing image congruity were the best predictors of participants' clothing behavior; however only friends' clothing behavior and popular girls' clothing behavior were significant predictors of adolescent girls' purchase intentions for this outfit image. For the conservative and sporty outfit images, only the perceptions of reference groups' clothing behavior or opinions predicted adolescent girls' clothing purchase intentions and clothing behavior.
In conclusion, the research findings suggest a powerful relationship between adolescent girls' perceptions of reference groups' clothing behavior or opinions about clothing behavior and the girls' own clothing behavior and purchase intentions. Participants' perceptions of reference groups' clothing behavior or opinions were the best predictors of the participants' clothing behavior and purchase intentions for all four outfits. Furthermore, clothing symbolism (e.g., using a sexy outfit to express or attain a sexy image) appears to motivate ninth grade girls to wear clothing with a sexy or springy image. The girls would wear a sexy outfit to portray their actual self-concepts and attain their ideal self-concepts. They also would wear outfits with a springy image to portray themselves. Additionally, the more the participants in this study considered clothing to be important, the more likely they were to purchase and wear a sexy image outfit; however the participants indicated that, of the four outfit images in the study, they most purchase and wear clothing like the sporty image outfit the most for hanging out with friends in comparison to the other three outfit images. Based on the findings, suggestions and implications for parents, educators, and marketers were provided.Ph. D.
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Crickmay, Lindsey. "Space, time and harmony : symbolic aspects of language in Andean textiles with special reference to those from Bolivar Province (Cochabamba, Bolivia)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2876.
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The thesis investigates how the designs woven in Andean textiles make up a symbolic language which both communicates information about those who wear them and demonstrates their desire to balance the opposing forces which are believed to govern their world. All textile elements share this communicative function and the thesis examines the significance of spin, colour and layout in the textile as a whole and in the individual designs. Textile terminology is drawn from fieldwork, the literature and from early Aymara and Quechua lexicons. The contemporary designs examined were personally observed in Bolivar in 1982/3 and 1986; the thesis suggests their derivation from colonial designs and discusses their possible iconographic content. Part one shows the significance of clothing as a statement of identity and describes briefly the weaving techniques and figures typical of the Bolivar area. Part two shows how cloth is seen as a vital, three-dimensional object and how in weaving as in the other plastic arts designs are encoded with abstract concepts fundamental to the traditions of a social group. Part three examines how certain colour combinations represent social, political or cosmic tensions and how their arrangement attempts to manipulate and control the energy generated by them. In particular it investigates how colour represents the circulation of suerte, or fortune, many of the names of which are also terms for colour combinations similar to those used in textiles. It also shows how specific elements such as stripes and figured designs act as metaphors through which the textile becomes a map or record of social, ritual and cosmic space.
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Viljoen, Anneke. "An exploration of the symbolic world of Proverbs 10:1–15:33 with specific reference to ‘the fear of the Lord’." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/32997.
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The text of the Bible projects for its readers a Biblical-textual world. Christians live within the seminal, normative contours of this symbolic Biblical world. In this regard, a Ricoeurian hermeneutics presents a helpful apparatus to the reader of the Biblical text. In his hermeneutical studies, Ricoeur organises his considerations around four poles that operate as guidelines for this study – distanciation, objectification, projecting of a world and appropriation. In this thesis each of these considerations is applied to Proverbs 10:1–15:33 to facilitate an exploration of the symbolic-textual world projected for the reader in this literature.
It is the thesis of the study that the proposed reading strategy is, in terms of the threefold movement within postmodern thought – the movements beyond foundations, beyond totalities and towards the Other – a most productive effort. When this reading strategy is utilised for Proverbs 10:1–15:33, with specific reference to the fear of the Lord, the concept of the fear of the Lord is found to have a functional definition within this collection rather than an ontological or theoretical one. With this approach, the fear of Yahweh-proverbs in Proverbs 10:1–15:33 are understood not to be dogmatised, absolute, universal truths but finds, in line with the movement beyond totalities, its authority in the context within which it is applied. Instead of communicating propositional content, which is in line with the movement beyond foundations within postmodern thought, by their power to disclose a symbolic world, it confronts the reader with the Other, in line with the movement toward the Other, and consequently opens up new modes of being, orienting the reader’s practical actions.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
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Old Testament Studies
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Niedfeldt, Scott. "The implications of marriage imagery for theology with reference to selected Old Testament prophets and the Pauline corpus." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Van, der Spuy Hester Helena. "A qualitative investigation into life course stages and transitions that can be associated with a high risk of excessive weight gain in men." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40190.
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In this qualitative study excessive weight gain in men is placed in the context of a life
course trajectory with its characteristic stages. A combination of symbolic
interactionism and life course perspectives was deemed appropriate for studying
obesity as their basic assumptions complement each other to create a holistic view of
the phenomenon. Both the life course and symbolic interactionism perspectives
stress the interaction between individuals and their social environment, an
observation particularly evident when viewed as a micro-level experience. The
chosen approach emphasises the social creation of meanings about life transitions
and individual development. The obese man cannot be seen as an isolated unit as,
like all people, he is a social being forming part of a network of relationships.
Theoretically those with whom he is socialising can be classified as significant others,
general others and reference group others. It is their influence that is important in his
personal development and experience of the self.
While the symbolic interactionism perspective accentuates the development of the
self in interaction with others, the life course perspective gives clarity on the way the
individual handles transition experiences in order to regain balance after a time of disequilibrium resulting from different trajectories. The theory of cognitive appraisal
used in this study enhanced understanding of the obese man‟s passion for food, and
the emotion of joy experienced when busy with food-related activities. Cognitive
appraisal takes place in each situation when the obese man needs to make a
decision or take action in terms of food and life style behaviour.
The strategy of enquiry for this research followed a phenomenological and qualitative
approach. The unit of analysis was a white man who was obese. The inclusion
criteria for the sample were: being older than 21; and complying with the
acknowledged criterion for obesity of having a BMI greater than 30kg/m². A purposive
sampling technique was employed with each of the 14 participants being interviewed
on more than one occasion. Participants were expected to, and were able to describe
their experiences of being obese retrospectively. The researcher made almost
exclusive use of lengthy, individual, in-depth, unstructured interviews.
Three themes emerged from the data namely the meaning of food, the sadness of
obesity and coping with obesity. The findings from this study show that, as a social
object, the obese man‟s eating habits and the meaning that food has for him are
influenced by, and learnt from others such as his family during childhood and
adolescence, and his married partner and work colleagues in young adulthood.
Essentially, indulgence in eating is for the anticipated pleasure it brings. Thus several
factors like marriage, friends and career influence the food trajectory of the obese
man. The obese man‟s food trajectories affect his weight trajectory and have a
negative impact on his experience of self. His overweight body gives rise to
distressing physical constraints and causes emotional experiences of sadness. He is
unable to make peace with his obese state and needs to consciously address the
situation.
Coping strategies used by the obese participants were critical in their handling of
their obesity. In the process of self-appraisal they needed confirmation that they
could handle the problem so that it did not influence the way they experienced their
physical and inner selves. Regardless of all the coping strategies adopted, the
participants were not totally able to handle their plight. It actually got worse and
impacted extremely negatively on their well-being.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
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Consumer Science
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郭慧玲 and Wai-ling Polly Kwok. "Saussure's notion of the arbitrary nature of the sign, with special reference to orthography." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951673.
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Kwok, Wai-ling Polly. "Saussure's notion of the arbitrary nature of the sign, with special reference to orthography." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2005967X.
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Fulford, Tim. "A study of S.T. Coleridge's search for a spiritual language, with reference to wordplay, symbolism, and the Kabbalah." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292834.
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Binckes, Helen. "South African public memorials of World War One. A historical view of processes in public memorialisation through symbolic content, with particular reference to Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7791.
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The dissertation is an attempt to unravel the sentiments which are embodied in war memorials by examining the conditions and events of the war as a way into understanding the motivations of the survivors, who brought them into being. The memorials in Cape Town do not exist in isolation, and therefore it was expedient to refer to both the art and architecture of death in general, through modern history up to contemporary prototypes, particularly the war memorials in northern Europe. The symbolic content is of paramount importance. Photographs, in the Appendix, will visually illustrate many points which are referred to during the course of the study. Each memorial embodies its unique set of cues for articulating an interpretation. To do this it is necessary to present the background of the War, 1914-1918/191 in terms of the intricacies of South African social and political dynamics: the war lives at the Front and the home lives in Cape Town. Initial information came with the viewing of the memorials in their present localities, so that the dialogue of interpretation between the art object-memorial and the viewer, could be set in motion. Out of that dialogue came the structure for the study of Cape Town memorialisation.
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Anne-Braun, Alexis. ""How does it work?" : une lecture de la théorie des symboles de Nelson Goodman." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H228.
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Nous proposons dans cette thèse d’apporter une réponse à la question « Pourquoi conceptualisons-nous le monde tel que nous le faisons ? ». Le cadre de cette réponse est fourni par la théorie des symboles de Nelson Goodman. L’enjeu de notre travail de thèse est de montrer comment une étude du fonctionnement de la référence, et de nos différents actes de symbolisation permet de régler un certain nombre de problèmes philosophiques (une justification de l’induction, le problème de la dépiction, le problème kantien de la déduction des catégories, le problème des espèces naturelles et des universaux, une explication de la métaphore et de la fiction, l’essai d’une reconstruction logique de l’expérience phénoménale) sans d’abord présupposer l’existence d’un monde réel, qui serait donné indépendamment de nos façons d’y référer. Aussi s’agit-il de montrer comment une théorie du fonctionnement symbolique offre de fournir une justification de la référence, qui ne serait pas d’emblée adossée sur un Référent (le Monde, la Réalité) hors de notre portée, et qui de ce fait serait la raison de la métaphysique. Si une telle perspective s’apparente à une position que l’on qualifie dans le débat contemporain d’anti-réaliste, ce travail est motivé cependant par une compréhension paradoxalement « réaliste » de la philosophie de Nelson Goodman, et qui s’appuie sur une théorie des échecs et des ratages de la référence. Par-là, nous aussi, entendions porter hautes les contraintes que font peser le réel, et ses aspérités (parmi lesquelles il faut compter l’histoire de nos pratiques), sur une théorie de la référenceMy doctoral dissertation addresses the following question : “Why do we conceptualize the world as we do ?”. Nelson Goodman’s theory of symbols, as I show, provides the framework to answer that question. A main concern of this program is to present how a study of reference and its functioning deals with, and may settle, several important philosophical problems inherited from tradition (the justification of induction, the problem of depiction, the Kantian deduction of categories, the problem of natural kinds and universals, the logical construction of our phenomenal experience), as well as various problems debated in contemporary philosophy of language (denotation, exemplification, metaphor, fiction). Considering symbols in their functioning, as operations of symbolization, may prevent us from assuming that there is a “ready-made” World, given independently of how we refer to it and conceptualize it. What I would like to show, then, is that our referential practice is justified even if the World in itself, which is a common denominator of all kinds of Metaphysical Realism, doesn’t exist as such. In the contemporary literature, this approach is generally considered a detrimental form of anti-realism. However, my dissertation proposes to read Goodman’s philosophy anew, from a paradoxical « realist » vantage point, grounded onto an analysis of the various successes and failures of reference. To that extent, I intend to present and make explicit different kinds of constraints that make a symbol right. History of our own practices, as well as context-sensitivity, play important parts among these criteria. Only such a “doctrine of infelicities” turns out to bring to light the “realist spirit” of Goodman’s philosophy
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Westhead, Jonathan Michael. "Royal ideology in Mesopotamian iconography of the third and second millennia BCE with special reference to gestures." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96899.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis aims to examine to what extent the visual representations of ancient Mesopotamia portrayed the royal ideology that was present during the time of their intended display. The iconographic method is used in this study and this allows for a better understanding of the meaning behind the work of art. This method allows the study to better attempt to comprehend the underlying ideology of the work of art. The eight images studied date between three thousand BCE and one thousand BCE and this provides a broad base for the study. By having such a broad base it enables the study to provide a brief understanding of how the ideology adapted over two thousand years. The broad base also enables the study to examine a variety of different gestures that are portrayed on the representations. This thereby provides the reader with a better understanding of why certain gestures were used and how the underlying ideology was communicated through these movements. The study concludes that while the gestures lend a life-like appearance to the representation they do not solely portray an underlying ideological message. Rather, they enhance the already inherent ideological message.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek tot watter mate die visuele voorstellings van Ou Mesopotamië die koninklike ideologie — van die tyd toe hulle uitgestal is — uitgebeeld het. Die ikonografiese metode is in hierdie studie gebruik en maak dit moontlik om 'n beter begrip van die betekenis agter die kunswerk te verkry. Die metode stel die studie in staat om die onderliggende ideologie van die kunswerk beter te verstaan. Die agt bestudeerde beelde dateer tussen drieduisend v.C. en 'n duisend v.C. en bied 'n breë basis vir die studie. So ‘n breë basis stel die studie in staat om te verstaan hoe die ideologie oor meer as twee duisend jaar aangepas is. Die breë basis stel die studie ook in staat om 'n verskeidenheid verskillende gebare wat uitgebeeld word, te ondersoek. Hierdeur verskaf dit die leser met 'n beter begrip waarom sekere gebare gebruik is en hoe die onderliggende ideologie deur middel van hierdie bewegings gekommunikeer is. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat terwyl die gebare 'n lewensgetroue voorkoms aan die voorstelling gee, hulle nie uitsluitlik onderliggende ideologiese boodskappe uitbeeld nie. Inteendeel, hulle versterk die reeds onderliggende ideologiese boodskap.
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Issaadi, Nadir. "Discours épilinguistique et construction identitaire dans le contexte kabyle : espaces de référence multiples et identité." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30045/document.
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Comment les locuteurs kabyles vivent-ils la diversité linguistique de leur région ? Dans quellemesure les discours épilinguistiques (discours proférés sur les langues) de nos informateursproduisent-ils une hiérarchisation des langues et des espaces dans le contexte kabyle ? Quelleattitude adoptent-ils et comment réagissent-ils face à cette hiérarchisation sociolinguistique età la relation langue/dominance dans leur imaginaire sociolinguistique ? À quel point lesdiscours épilinguistiques de nos informateurs énoncent-ils le statut et la légitimité d’emploi dukabyle comparativement aux autres systèmes linguistiques (il s’agit dans ce cas de l’arabe etdu français) posés en complémentarité ou en concurrence ? Nous verrons en quoi les discoursépilinguistiques de nos informateurs leur permettent de poser et de décliner leur identitésociale par une appropriation ou un rejet de ce qui est dit sur leur langue et leur territoire.Nous entendons par territoire non seulement la Kabylie en tant qu’entité géographique maisaussi en tant qu’espace linguistique et social. En effet, nous verrons comment se produisentl'appropriation symbolique de l'espace et le marquage sociolinguistique du territoire kabylepar le biais des représentations de nos informateurs. L’objectif de notre travail est de menerune réflexion théorique sur la question de l’articulation entre l’identité, le langage, l'espace etles représentations sociolinguistiquesHow do Kabyle speakers live their region’s linguistic diversity? To what extent do ourinformants’ epilinguistic discourses made about languages produce a hierarchy of bothlanguage and geographical space in the Kabyle context? What attitude do they adopt and howdo they react to this sociolinguistic prioritization and to the matter of language Vs dominancein their sociolinguistic imagination? To what extent do the informants’ epilinguisticdiscourses portray the status and the legitimacy of the use of Kabyle language compared toother linguistic systems (in that case Arabic and French languages), put in a complimentary orin a competing relationship? In fact, we will demonstrate how the epilinguistic discourses ofour informants allow them to state and convey their social identity through appropriation orrejection of what is said about their language and territory. By territory, we mean not onlyKabylie as a geographical entity but as a linguistic and social space as well. Indeed, we shallexpose how both the symbolic appropriation of space and the Kabyle sociolinguistic markingof territory are produced through the representations of our informants. The purpose of ourwork is to conduct a theoretical reflection on the relationship between identity, language,space and sociolinguistic representations
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Bartlett, Keith Alan. "Space and symbolism in the Restauration Novelle : with particular reference to Jeremias Gotthelf's 'Die Schwarze Spinne', Adalbert Stifter's 'Der Hochwald' and Franz Grillparzer's 'Der Arme Spielmann'." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35089.
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The study looks at symbolism, especially the symbolism of space and visuality, in three Restauration Novellen. Gotthelf's Die Schwarze Spinne presents a religious dilemma in spatial form. Specific motifs such as changing shape and absence of position become consistent correlates of evil. If the godless characters are foreigners who have abandoned their former homes, the Christian ones affirm and restore existing space, remaining where they were born. This contrast relates to the over-riding concept of "Neu-gier" in the Novelle. Gotthelf's ultimate rejection of anything new is given spatial form and placed within its ethical, political and religious contexts. As in Gotthelf's Novelle, the landscape described in the frame of Stifter's Der Hochwald creates spatial norms which embody ethical values. By contrast, the remainder of Novelle - dealing with Clarissa's love for Ronald and the Swedish sacking of her father's castle - portrays deviations. These two strands of plot also run in parallel, with the fall of the castle emerging as an allegory of Clarissa's loss of innocence. In observing this disaster through a telescope she witnesses her own moral downfall. But the castle also appears as a "dice", the ultimate symbol of fate. The question of responsibility is therefore never resolved. In Grillparzer's Der Arme Spielmann the elements of place, position and movement have narrative functions. Above all they develop the antithesis between Jakob and "das Volk". This antithesis possesses a moral dimension, with absence of movement generally conveying an allegiance to the past. While covert forms of "theatrical" symbolism sustain the opposition of Jakob and society, the description of the festival also creates a network of analogies between them. The narrative is also sustained on various, conflicting levels concurrently, presenting a world which is dialectical - simultaneously discordant and harmonious. This all-pervasive relationship finds its ultimate expression in Jakob's room.
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Fehr, Stephanie Simone. "Religious discrimination in employment : a comparative analysis of the law in the UK, France and Germany, with reference to international and supranational law." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/religious-discrimination-in-employment--a-comparative-analysis-of-the-law-in-the-uk-france-and-germany-with-reference-to-international-and-supranational-law(8e48aa3c-2233-4169-8dec-4d8436ebe43d).html.
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This thesis analyses religious discrimination in employment, using an applied comparison of the law in the UK, France and Germany. To this end, the thesis first explores national church-state relations, establishing potential links to religious discrimination at work. The investigation then moves on to the standards set by the Council of Europe and the European Union, against which the law in the UK, France and Germany will be measured against. The final chapter brings together the findings in an overall comparison of the national law, with particular emphasis on the role of church-state relations and impact on religious minorities. The original contribution of this thesis to knowledge lies in the assessment of the topic in the context of three jurisdictions, its interconnectedness with the ECHR and EU frameworks, using the framework of church-state relations. The thesis reveals and explains similarities and differences between the law in the three jurisdictions, as well as the effects on employees practising their religion and underlying attitudes that formed the law. After identifying substantive neutrality as a promising characteristic of church-state models, it was set as a benchmark for assessment throughout the thesis. Themes emerging from the research reflect significant differences regarding religious discrimination in employment in the UK, France and Germany. Particularly striking is the arguably deliberate targeting of, and clearly detrimental impact on religious minorities by means of indirectly discriminating law in France and Germany, as well as some directly discriminating provisions that were enacted in the course of the German ‘headscarf debate’. It is suggested, accordingly, that stereotypical assumptions about ‘otherness’ have influenced legislation, as well as case law, using church-state relations to underscore the decisive arguments. Due to its largely hypothetical nature, the assessment of the domestic laws’ compatibility with European international and supranational legal frameworks result in a number of cautious predictions. Widespread compliance appears fairly likely in relation to the law in the UK, whereas French and German law can be challenged in several regards. Finally, this research contributes proposals aiming at effective solutions for a variety of religious discrimination scenarios pertinent in the UK, French and German work environments.
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Bartle, Lynne. "Addressing the idiosyncrasies of contemporary notation in recorder compositions, with specific references to unconventional symbols in Music for a bird by Hans-Martin Linde and Sieben Stucke fur altblokflote by Markus Zahnhausen." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/920.
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This treatise provides recorder performers and teachers with a guide to understanding the unconventional notation symbols encountered in Music for a Bird by Hans-Martin Linde and Sieben Stücke Für Altblockflöte by Markus Zahnhausen. Given the context of the overall history of notation, it argues that the idiosyncrasies of the unconventional notation symbols encountered in the recorder repertoire of contemporary composers such as Linde and Zahnhausen are by no means an anomaly. Throughout history, notated scores have functioned merely as incomplete guides to the reconstruction and the realization of musical works. Along with the decoding of these instructions, a host of acculturated meanings have always been taken for granted on the part of the writers of such guidelines. In the light of the modernist crisis and the resultant exacerbation of the gulf between composers and their audience, however, it would seem that the need for such acculturated intervention is greater then ever before. This treatise serves to bridge the gulf between the works of Linde and Zahnhausen on the one hand, and the average performer and teacher of the recorder on the other, by offering an analysis both of the meaning of the unconventional symbols these works contain as well as of the method according to which they should be executed on the recorder.
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Smolianskaia, Natalia. "CRISE DU CADRE(Art et langage)." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00171891.
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Questionner la crise du cadre oblige à une définition rigoureuse de la notion de cadre. Cette crise prend la forme d'un doute : peut-on analyser l'art en un temps où sa définition est elle-même problématique ? Exemplaire, la figure de Malévitch porte en elle-même les signes de contradictions de son époque et celles-ci sont à l'origine de plusieurs phases de crise qui se manifestent encore de nos jours. Malévitch, un des premiers, a supposé des cadres conceptuels pour comprendre un " langage de l'art " (" l'élément additionnel ", 1927). Un cadre matériel se transforme ainsi en un cadre conceptuel, le cadre de référence (" frame of reference ") chez Nelson Goodman. Sa théorie (" Langages de l'art ", 1968) est ici considérée comme celle du cadre modelant. La crise du cadre dans l'art ramène au moteur de la création. Toutes les crises constatées - celles du discours, de l'œuvre, du lieu, de l'artiste, du regard - contribuent à l'ouverture de nouvelles visions et donc, en un sens plus large, à la création.
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Kilian, Julie. "Traditional and Christian elements in contemporary pictorial African art in South Africa with special reference to the works of John Muafangejo, Azariah Mbatha and Dan Rakgoathe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012635.
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Art is the outward, visual manifestation of the undying soul of a people. The genius displayed in the day to day articles produced in traditional tribal society is equally present in the art produced by the Contemporary African Artist. The Contemporary African Artist finds himself in an interesting position, in that he is, at one time, a part of two different worlds, two different cultures, has taken place, the and his art provides evidence of the acculturation that coming together of indigenous, traditional African culture and 'European' or 'Western' culture. It follows that the contemporary African artist's work would display characteristics and elements derived from both of these worlds, since art is not created in a vacuum, but is, invariably, the outward, visible expression and symbol of an artist's environment, culture, emotional and intellectual responses and his beliefs. The study of Contemporary African Art reveals that despite the many divergences from the traditional or classic forms, a great many traditional influences and characteristics still persist in the same. An analysis of Contemporary African Art will also show that a significant body of works bear a marked influence of Christian teachings and biblical themes, as well as the influence of exposure to various forms of Swedish Medieval, Byzantine, Romanesque and Carolingian art.
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Poiares, Nuno Caetano Lopes de Barros. "Políticas de segurança e as dimensões simbólicas da lei: o caso da violência doméstica em Portugal." Doctoral thesis, ISCTE – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/37092.
Full textAbstract:
O presente estudo apresenta os resultados de uma investigação que procurou compreender a forma como é implementado o referencial para a área da segurança interna através do ordenamento jurídico e dos seus diversos agentes. Para o cumprimento desse objetivo o estudo qualitativo parte da hipótese de que, aquando da aplicação do referencial (visão e valores), existem interpretações, leituras ou constrangimentos que vão conduzir à aplicação da lei de formas variadas e não coincidentes com o espírito do legislador, pelo que, para melhor compreendermos essa realidade, decidimos desenvolver um estudo de caso, nomeadamente a legislação e a dinâmica envolvente da violência doméstica em Portugal. Desta forma pretendeu-se apresentar um contributo válido para reforçar a confiança dos cidadãos nas políticas públicas desenvolvidas, tendo sido fundamental, em termos metodológicos, privilegiar uma análise das dinâmicas da rede nacional de atendimento a vítimas, a par dos sentidos subjetivos e práticas dos magistrados, advogados, assistentes sociais, vítimas, agressores, polícias, entre outros agentes, por forma a permitir uma visão holística e aprofundada sobre a problemática. Os resultados obtidos apontam no sentido de que os governos foram obrigados a encontrar novas formas para desenvolver a sua ação, falando-se, hoje em dia, em governança em rede e multi-level governance. No entanto, verificámos que a realidade apresenta um desgaste do referencial no decurso do conjunto de operações de implementação das medidas que se pretendem desenvolver, já que aquilo que consubstancia um plano de ação não corresponde aos efeitos expectáveis. O governo define o referencial que deverá ser impulsionado e liderado pelo mediador com a colaboração dos corpos superiores das diversas instituições e todos aqueles que exercem funções nos diversos níveis hierárquicos. Mas essa mediação deve chegar ao colaborador de base de outra forma, que não aquela que é a tradicional. A pesquisa contribuiu igualmente para compreender que deverá existir um envolvimento através de uma lógica a que chamamos de governança esclarecida de duplo sentido, levando os colaboradores em particular e os cidadãos em geral a acreditar na mudança e nos efeitos da legislação, revendo-se no referencial.This study presents the results of an investigation which main purpose is to understand how it is implemented the reference to the area of internal security through the legal system and its various agents. To fulfill this objective the qualitative study of the hypothesis that, in implementing the framework (vision and values), there are interpretations, readings or constraints that will lead to the application of the law in different ways and do not coincide with the spirit of the legislature, so to better understand this reality, we decided to develop a case study, such as legislation and the surrounding dynamics of domestic violence in Portugal. In this way it was intended to present a valid contribution to strengthening public confidence in the developed public policies and was crucial in terms of methodology, favoring a dynamic analysis of the national network of care for victims, along with the subjective meanings and practices of judges, lawyers, social workers, victims, offenders, police officers, and other agents in order to provide a holistic and in-depth view on the issue. The results point towards that governments were forced to find new ways to develop their action by speaking today in governance networking and multi-level governance. However, we found that the reality presents a benchmark wear during the joint implementation of operations of measures intended to develop, since what constitutes an action plan does not meet the expected effect. The government sets the framework that should be developed and led by the mediator with the collaboration of higher bodies of the various institutions and all those who exercise functions in the various hierarchical levels. But this mediation should reach the base of employee otherwise than that it is traditional. The research also helped to understand that there must be an involvement through a logic which we call enlightened governance of double meaning, leading employees in particular and citizens in general to believe in change and the effects of legislation, reviewing in the reference.
info:eu-repo/semantics/draft
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Poiares, Nuno Caetano Lopes de Barros. "Políticas de segurança e as dimensões simbólicas da lei: o caso da violência doméstica em Portugal." Doctoral thesis, ISCTE – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/10004.
Full textAbstract:
O presente estudo apresenta os resultados de uma investigação que procurou compreender a forma como é implementado o referencial para a área da segurança interna através do ordenamento jurídico e dos seus diversos agentes. Para o cumprimento desse objetivo o estudo qualitativo parte da hipótese de que, aquando da aplicação do referencial (visão e valores), existem interpretações, leituras ou constrangimentos que vão conduzir à aplicação da lei de formas variadas e não coincidentes com o espírito do legislador, pelo que, para melhor compreendermos essa realidade, decidimos desenvolver um estudo de caso, nomeadamente a legislação e a dinâmica envolvente da violência doméstica em Portugal. Desta forma pretendeu-se apresentar um contributo válido para reforçar a confiança dos cidadãos nas políticas públicas desenvolvidas, tendo sido fundamental, em termos metodológicos, privilegiar uma análise das dinâmicas da rede nacional de atendimento a vítimas, a par dos sentidos subjetivos e práticas dos magistrados, advogados, assistentes sociais, vítimas, agressores, polícias, entre outros agentes, por forma a permitir uma visão holística e aprofundada sobre a problemática. Os resultados obtidos apontam no sentido de que os governos foram obrigados a encontrar novas formas para desenvolver a sua ação, falando-se, hoje em dia, em governança em rede e multi-level governance. No entanto, verificámos que a realidade apresenta um desgaste do referencial no decurso do conjunto de operações de implementação das medidas que se pretendem desenvolver, já que aquilo que consubstancia um plano de ação não corresponde aos efeitos expectáveis. O governo define o referencial que deverá ser impulsionado e liderado pelo mediador com a colaboração dos corpos superiores das diversas instituições e todos aqueles que exercem funções nos diversos níveis hierárquicos. Mas essa mediação deve chegar ao colaborador de base de outra forma, que não aquela que é a tradicional. A pesquisa contribuiu igualmente para compreender que deverá existir um envolvimento através de uma lógica a que chamamos de governança esclarecida de duplo sentido, levando os colaboradores em particular e os cidadãos em geral a acreditar na mudança e nos efeitos da legislação, revendo-se no referencial.This study presents the results of an investigation which main purpose is to understand how it is implemented the reference to the area of internal security through the legal system and its various agents. To fulfill this objective the qualitative study of the hypothesis that, in implementing the framework (vision and values), there are interpretations, readings or constraints that will lead to the application of the law in different ways and do not coincide with the spirit of the legislature, so to better understand this reality, we decided to develop a case study, such as legislation and the surrounding dynamics of domestic violence in Portugal. In this way it was intended to present a valid contribution to strengthening public confidence in the developed public policies and was crucial in terms of methodology, favoring a dynamic analysis of the national network of care for victims, along with the subjective meanings and practices of judges, lawyers, social workers, victims, offenders, police officers, and other agents in order to provide a holistic and in-depth view on the issue. The results point towards that governments were forced to find new ways to develop their action by speaking today in governance networking and multi-level governance. However, we found that the reality presents a benchmark wear during the joint implementation of operations of measures intended to develop, since what constitutes an action plan does not meet the expected effect. The government sets the framework that should be developed and led by the mediator with the collaboration of higher bodies of the various institutions and all those who exercise functions in the various hierarchical levels. But this mediation should reach the base of employee otherwise than that it is traditional. The research also helped to understand that there must be an involvement through a logic which we call enlightened governance of double meaning, leading employees in particular and citizens in general to believe in change and the effects of legislation, reviewing in the reference.
info:eu-repo/semantics/draft
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Gomes, José Osmar. "Configurações identitárias de uma autarquia pública no contexto da defesa e inspeção agropecuária na ótica dos gestores." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFES, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/1685.
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CONFIGURAÇÕES IDENTITÁRIAS DE UMA AUTARQUIA PÚBLICA NO CONTEXTO DA DEFESA SANITÁRIA E INSPEÇÃO AGROPECUÁRIA NA ÓTICA DOS GESTORES.pdf: 1758376 bytes, checksum: 8f37e789f831e4f7fd3a3c884fcfd1c4 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Morgana Andrade (morgana.andrade@ufes.br) on 2016-01-07T13:27:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) CONFIGURAÇÕES IDENTITÁRIAS DE UMA AUTARQUIA PÚBLICA NO CONTEXTO DA DEFESA SANITÁRIA E INSPEÇÃO AGROPECUÁRIA NA ÓTICA DOS GESTORES.pdf: 1758376 bytes, checksum: 8f37e789f831e4f7fd3a3c884fcfd1c4 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-07T13:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) CONFIGURAÇÕES IDENTITÁRIAS DE UMA AUTARQUIA PÚBLICA NO CONTEXTO DA DEFESA SANITÁRIA E INSPEÇÃO AGROPECUÁRIA NA ÓTICA DOS GESTORES.pdf: 1758376 bytes, checksum: 8f37e789f831e4f7fd3a3c884fcfd1c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo compreender como as transformações no contexto da defesa sanitária e inspeção agropecuária entre 1996 e 2014 se relacionam com as configurações identitárias do Idaf manifestadas por gestores nesse contexto. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que descreve os processos identitários da organização por um olhar interpretativista, pelo entendimento das relações simbólicas que permeiam essa organização, observados em discursos dos sujeitos. Para coleta dos dados foram utilizadas pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais. As entrevistas foram realizadas com cinco sujeitos da organização nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2014. O método de análise foi a Análise de Conteúdo (KRIPPENDORFF, 1990) que busca investigar dados textuais através de técnicas que permitam compreendê-los com seus significados, referências, valorações e intenções. Pretendeu-se contribuir, com esse estudo, para a compreensão da identidade organizacional, em uma organização pública, no contexto da defesa sanitária e inspeção agropecuária. Os resultados permitiram identificar o Idaf como único e distinto de outras organizações e como essa identificação está relacionada às transformações do contexto agropecuário.
This research aims to understand how changes in the context of health protection and agriculture inspection between 1996 and 2014 relate to the Idaf identity configurations expressed by managers in this context. It is a qualitative research that seek to describe the identity processes of the organization by an interpretive look at understanding the symbolic relations that permeate this organization, observed in speeches of the subjects. For data collection were used desk research and semi-structured individual interviews. Interviews were conducted with five subjects of the organization in the months of September and October 2014. The analysis method was content analysis (KRIPPENDORFF, 1990) that investigates textual data through techniques to understand them with their meanings, references , valuations and intentions. It was intended to contribute to this study, for understanding the organizational identity in a public organization in the context of health protection and agricultural inspection. The results showed the Idaf as unique and distinct from other organizations and how this identification is related to change in agricultural context.
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Al-Hamdani, Hayja. "Réexamen de la notion d'arbitraire linguistique. Définition et contribution à l'identification de sa problématique." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0808.
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Cette thèse jette la lumière sur la notion d'arbitraire linguistique qui, depuis les premières réflexions sur la nature du langage, ne cesse d'être, plus ou moins, un objet de débat: l'origine du langage est-elle humaine ou divine? Son statut est-il conventionnel ou naturel? La dénomination des choses est-elle fondée sur l'arbitraire humain ou sur sa raison? Par conséquent, le signe linguistique est-il arbitraire ou motivé? Ce débat s'étend depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'à nos jours, dans une proportion d'intensité variable en temps et en lieu. Mais dans tout cela, qu'entendons-nous au juste par arbitraire? Et pourquoi représente-t-il toujours une problématique?Dans ce contexte, nous avons conduit un travail qui parcourt l'histoire, de l'Antiquité à la période actuelle, pour voir comment la question de l'arbitraire a été traitée chez les savants. La globalité de cette étude permet de construire une idée du point de divergence qui fait de l'arbitraire une question autant soutenue que débattue par les savants. Ainsi, cette étude est conçue pour réexaminer la notion de l'arbitraire afin de pouvoir la définir et identifier sa problématique.Conduite dans une méthode de travail qui repose sur l'analyse logique et philosophique des textes, cette étude montre en conclusion que le problème de l'arbitraire réside dans l'ambiguïté de sa notion. Celle-ci est due à la multiplicité des sens qu'il peut renfermer, donc à la multiplicité de sa conception chez les philosophes et linguistes, mais aussi à la multiplicité des points de vue pour déterminer la partie concernée par l'arbitraire dans la théorie du signe. Autrement dit, c'est en terme de l'arbitraire des idées, qu'on peut parler de l'arbitraire du langage.La thèse finit par présenter une position sur le langage et l'arbitraire, construite sur deux questions: i) le fait qu'il existe des lois dans le langage qui gèrent son fonctionnement selon un système propre; ii) le fait qu'il existe un lien pertinent entre la pensée du groupe et sa langueThis thesis sheds light on the linguistic notion of arbitrariness, which, since the very first reflections on the nature of language, continues – to a greater or lesser extent – to be a subject of debate: is the origin of language human or divine? Is its status conventional or natural? Is the naming of things based on human arbitrariness or human reason? Consequently, is the linguistic sign arbitrary or motivated? This debate extends from antiquity to the present day, in a proportion of variable intensity in time and place. But in all this, what do we mean by arbitrary? And why has it always represented a problematic?In this context, we have conducted a survey which retraces the history of this notion from antiquity to the present day, to see how the question of arbitrariness has been treated by savants. The global nature of this study can enable the construction of an idea of the point of divergence which makes arbitrariness into a matter of such sustained and controversial debate among savants. Thus, this study was designed to review the concept of arbitrariness in order to identify and define the problem.This study has been conducted using a working method based on the logical and philosophical analysis of texts. It conclusively demonstrates that the problem of the arbitrary lies in the ambiguity of the concept. This is due to the multiplicity of meanings that it can contain, that is, the multiplicity of its conceptions among philosophers and linguists, but this is also due to the multiplicity of points of view applied to determining the part affected by the arbitrary within the theory of the sign. In other words, it is in terms of arbitrary ideas that we can speak of the arbitrariness of language.The thesis ends by presenting a position about language and arbitrariness, which has been constructed around two issues: i) the fact that there are laws in the language that manage its working according to an own system; ii) that there is a relevant connection between the thought of a group and its language
تلقي هذه الأطروحة الضوء على مفهوم الاعتباط اللغوي الذي ما انفك يكون بشكل او بآخر موضوعا للجدل منذ البدايات الأولى للتفكير في طبيعة اللغة : فهل إن أصل اللغة إنسانيّ أم إلهي؟ وهل أنّ تشريعها جاء بشكل اتفاقي أم طبيعي؟ هل جرت التسمية على أساس اعتباطية الإنسان ام على عقلانيته؟ وبالنتيجة فهل ان الإشارة اللغوية اعتباطية ام معللة؟ امتد هذا الجدل منذ العصور القديمة وحتى يومنا هذا بنسب متفاوتة بالشدة في الزمان والمكان. ولكن في كل هذا ، ما الذي نعنيه بالضبط بالاعتباط؟ ولماذا يمثل دائما إشكالية؟في هذا السياق أجرينا بحثا طاف التاريخ برمته منذ العصر القديم حتى يومنا هذا كي نتعرف كيف تمت معالجة هذا الموضوع عند علماء اللغة. ان شمولية هذا العمل تسمح بتكوين فكرة حول نقطة الخلاف الذي جعل من الاعتباط موضوعا قابلا للتأييد والرفض على حد سواء بين العلماء. وعليه فقد صممت هذه الدراسة لإعادة النظر في مفهوم الاعتباط من اجل تعريفه وتحديد اشكاليته.تتألف الأطروحة من أربعة أجزاء فصلت في سياق زمني ، ولكن رتبت على وفق التوزيع ألموضوعاتي. يتناول الجزء الأول مكونات الاعتباط كعناصر تعريفية ، وأنواع الاعتباط ، ويبحث الجزء الثاني في إشكالية الاعتباط من خلال دراسة جذور فكره والحجج التي قدمت في هذا الطرح والطرح الذي عارضه ، الأمر الذي ترك المشكلة بلا حل، إضافة إلى المقترحات التي حاول من خلالها العلماء الخروج من المشكلة. وقد خصص الجزء الثالث حصرا حول ملامح الاعتباط عند سوسير ؛ في حين ناقش الجزء الرابع مفهوم الاعتباط في الفكر الحديث.أجريت هذه الدراسة على وفق منهج بحث استند على التحليل المنطقي والفلسفي للنصوص. وبينت بالنتيجة أن مشكلة الاعتباط تكمن في غموض مفهومه. ويعود ذلك إلى تعدد المعاني التي يمكن ان تحتويه المفردة، وبالتالي تعدد طريقة فهمه عند الفلاسفة وعلماء اللغة ، إضافة إلى تعدد وجهات النظر في تحديد الجانب المعني بالاعتباط في نظرية الإشارة اللغوية. وبعبارة أخرى، يمكننا القول إنّ اعتباطية اللغة تكمن في إطار اعتباطية الأفكار.تقدم الأطروحة في النهاية فكر المؤلف حول اللغة ومسألة الاعتباط اللغوي، وقد بناه على مسألتين: الأولى أن هناك قوانين في اللغة تدير حركته على وفق نظام خاص؛ والثانية أن هناك علاقة وثيقة بين فكر المجموعة ولغتها
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Ya-hui, Cheng, and 鄭雅慧. "Music as Symbolic Sign of Feeling and its Semantic References ： a Preliminary Interpretation of Tsung-hsien Yang's【Concertino Pianissimo】--Graduation Recital of Orchestral Conducting." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11548416264709604788.
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碩士東吳大學
音樂學系
91
【Concertino Pianissimo】 concluded the three preceding periods of Dr. Yang’s career in music composition, that demonstrates his introspection and maturation of his music and life. We can now distinguish accordingly how the transformation of Yang’s ideological trend goes from composition of musical autonomy to the practice of symbolic sign in heteronomy. Based on 【Concertino Pianissimo】 as musical text, and its music as symbol of the musician’s expression to his contemplation of life, in this dissertation, the author was trying to explore even the most insignificant sentiment and reminiscence carried out in the music, and how the musician employed sign and form to create a masterpiece so self-conscious and yet so moving. To excavate into the root of the music, this dissertation took Ernst Cassirer’s symbolisms as theoretical foundation, to exploit the hidden meaning within the signs. In the mean while, the author also involved rational explanation of form and straightforward conception, in order tot perceive the spiritual content of the signs. Human are animals of signs. The realization and creation of signs depend on the process of recollection. In other words, we need the recollection of signs in order to look into ourselves, and to search for our true selves. Art is certainly not the only prospect of the signal recollection. But through the works of artists, the inspiration stimulated by our daily lives are able to present themselves as poetic form of signs, this creation of art leads us to more in depth insight and awareness. We are thus able to perceive the most significant and most complicated commotion of our minds through the symbolic meanings behind the signs. 1.Johannes Brahms: Academic Festival Overture, Op. 80 2.Felix Mendelssohn: Violin Concerto, e minor, Op.64 3.楊聰賢: 西北有高樓 (世界首演) 4.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphony No. 39, E-flat Major, K. 543
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Castanheira, Amandio G. "Mortalities Immortality." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29856.
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The purpose of this document is to explore the domain by which architecture can be interpreted through symbolism and emotional allegory. It deals with the notion that a building can become a vocabulary of historical references, and the product of many cultures through epochs of history, alien to one another but come together by manipulating elements within the architecture.Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2004.
Architecture
unrestricted
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Chu, Hsiu-Hua, and 褚秀華. "The Study of Consumer Evaluation of Reference Price─Effects of Competitive Brands’ Prices information and symbolic brand." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77928690327318329574.
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碩士淡江大學
國際貿易學系
88
Abstract: Retailers often present the reference price to enhance the effect of sale promotion when they are promoting. However, there are hardly researches on how other competitive brands’ price information may influence the effect of advertisement reference price and associated symbolic brands. This study aimed to discuss how the reasonability of the advertisement’s reference price influences the sales promotion effect, and how the symbolic brands or not as well as offering the competitive brands’ price information affect the reference price effect. These issues are studied with two 2Ⅹ2Ⅹ2 experimental designs , using walkman, handbag and watch as the products. The experimental designs were conducted under conditions which the reasonability of the advertisement reference price (1.plausible v.s plausible-high 2.plausible-high v.s implausible), the symbolic brands or not and offering the competitive brands’ price information or not. Using female undergraduates as respondents, the questionnaire was designed to understand the consumers’ price perception and willingness to purchase. The methods of data analysis include：T-test analysis, one-way ANOVA analysis, MANCOVA analysis, and correlation analysis. The research result is as follow： 1、 The reasonability of the advertisement reference price will affect consumer’s price recognition and purchase attention. The more implausible the advertisement reference price is, the more significant the effect will be. 2、 When consumer face to the symbolic brands, the advertisement reference price more implausible will effect consumer higher willingness to purchase, objective savings recognition and lower subjective search intention. 3、 When competitive brands’ price information is provided, the advertisement reference price more implausible will effect consumer higher willingness to purchase, subjective savings recognition and lower objective search benefit.
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Ikwuagwu, Onwumere A. "INITIATION IN AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION : a systematic symbolic analysis, with special reference to aspects of Igbo Religion in Nigeria." Doctoral thesis, 2006. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-20008.
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From the history of the Church, we gather that one of the most major tests that confronted the early Christian community was whether everyone who wanted to become a Christian also of necessity had to become a Jew as a pre-requisite for entrance into the new community of believers. The issue at stake is whether one qualifies to be a Christian through adherence to the Jewish identity, which centres on circumcision and the observance of the Mosaic legal code. The crisis resulted to the convocation of the Jerusalem Council (cf. Acts 15), which tasked itself with the definition of the Christian identity. The Council bases its definition of Christian identity, separable from adherence to the Jewish cultural practice (a form of cultural imperialism), solely on election by God in Jesus Christ. Moreover, the event of the Pentecost in Jerusalem demonstrated what the nature of the spreading of the message of this new community of believers in Jesus Christ should be: that people from other cultures, “Parthians, Medes and Elamites; people from Mesopotamia, Judaea and Capadocia, Ponthus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylis, Egypt and the parts of Libya around Cyrene; as well as visitors from Rome, Jews and Proselytes alike, Cretans and Arabs” (Acts 2: 9-11), could understand the message that Peter communicated to them through the force of the breath of the risen Jesus in their own mother tongue, without first becoming Jews. Against the background of this crucial point in the history of the early Church and in consideration of the Second Vatican Council, this dissertation seeks to address the problem of identity, unity and diversity in the Christian religion with special reference to Africa. It proposes that the traditional African Rites of Initiation that mark the transition from one stage of life to the other and therefore the existential and essential transformation of the individual and group offer with their rich symbolisms a very fertile ground for dialogue with the Christian religion. It views the various Rites of Initiation (from birth and ritual circumcision over puberty and adult to marriage and funeral rites) as vital and immutable seminal points in the life of the individual African and his/her society at large. These Rites that express in various ways the African holistic view and conception of life and reality are, in terms of their religious symbolism, meaning and function, analogous to their Christian counterparts (such as baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, ordination, marriage) and can as a result be conveniently accepted or at least incorporated even if in modified forms as authentic African initiation rites for African Christians. Without being syncretistic, such an incorporation and modification at one and the same time recognizes and respects the cultural identity of the African and marks his/her transformation and acceptance of his/her new identity, modelled on Christ. In this way, the African Christian will be enabled to live, articulate and express his/her faith within his/her own historical-cultural milieu. On the whole, the presentation is predictive and prescriptive with regard to what the relationship and dialogue between Christianity and the African Traditional Religion should be or should not be. It is an honest effort to make the Christian message relevant to the African in his/her own perceptual and conceptual world-view. This task remains a steady challenge to African Christians who want to maintain at one and the same time and at the same level their African identity and their Christian calling. The balancing and reconciling of these two identities in a correlating rather than confrontational manner remains a task for the Church of today and tomorrow. The dissertation is a foundational contribution to building up and sharpening consciousness for this problem.
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Ikwuagwu, Onwumere A. [Verfasser]. "Initiation in African traditional religion : a systematic symbolic analysis ; with special reference to aspects of Igbo religion in Nigeria / vorgelegt von Onwumere A. Ikwuagwu." 2006. http://d-nb.info/982179243/34.
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Megersa, Dirirsa Sisay. "Understanding Nation from an African Vantage Point. The Oromo polity during the 16th century as a point of reference." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326687.
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The thesis attempts to address two central problems in the process of understanding the phenomenon of a nation. First, to what extent does the modernist view that embeds the origin of a nation in the European historical context is valid? Second, to what extent does the existing normative knowledge base concerning the phenomena of a nation and an ethnic entity adequately delineate the conceptual and empirical boundaries in between of these two phenomena. The central focus of this thesis is; therefore, to expose a basic internal contradiction that is inherent in the existing conceptual understanding of a nation. Using the Oromo case as a vantage point, it is the conviction of this thesis that the concept of a nation is 'Eurocentric' to the neglect of historical specificities outside Europe such as the case with the Oromo people. The thesis generates its epistemological presumptions from Hans-Georg Gadamer's Philosophical Hermeneutics. Since the thesis will depart from the presumption that considers a nation as a concept, the thesis will attempt to capitalize on some methodological and conceptual insights from Reinhhart Koselleck's History of Concept. The thesis uses two kinds of sources materials: one, European theoretical literature on the concept of nation; two, ethnographic and historical...
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Sutherland, Ian Gilbert. "Aspects of the visual arts in advertising with particular reference to South Africa." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4422.
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This investigation accepts that art is a term of western culture and that advertising is a creation of an historical and social process firmly linked to the economies of western industrialised nations. A cultural niche theory of the visual arts is employed to define the various visual art forms and it is in this context that the development of the notion of fine art, which had its origins during the Renaissance, is investigated with a view to how this led to the commodification of art. The phenomenon of art as a commodity accelerated throughout the nineteenth century and was moulded by the same political, cultural, social, economic and technological forces that gave rise to advertising when, during the second half of the century, the capitalist system of production became geared towards mass production of products for consumption. This was also the period of significant European colonial expansion in southern Afiica and consequently the development of both art and advertising in the region was cast in a colonial, European mould, the effects of which are investigated throughout this research project. This body of research also seeks to explain how the meaning and the value of the art object and its reproduced image, changed and became exchangeable as technology developed. Significantly this occurred at a time when the needs of advertising shifted from a simple system of proclamation and announcement on the periphery of the national economy during the nineteenth century to become a sophisticated system of communication which acts as an influential social institution at the end of this millennium. That this appears to have occurred at a time when the influence of fine art began to decline as a cultural force is significant as it is in this context that advertising has become a primary carrier of meaning in society. This research project works within this paradigm to investigate the history and motives of business support for the arts, particularly the visual arts, in the form of sponsorship with particular reference to a culturally diverse and politically dynamic South Africa. In addition, specific rhetorical devices that advertising employs, as a strategic tool of marketing, to appropriate and (ex)change meaning from the value laden visual art object is investigated with reference to contemporary advertising in South Africa.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal,1998.