Relevant bibliographies by topics / Symbolism of numbers in literature

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Symbolism of numbers in literature'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Symbolism of numbers in literature"

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Mnich, Ludmila. "THE GOSPEL TRADITION OF NUMBER SYMBOLISM IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY RUSSIAN POETRY." Проблемы исторической поэтики 19, no. 1 (February 2021): 328–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j9.art.2021.9142.

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The article discusses the issues of studying and interpreting number symbolism in a literary work and characteristics of gospel number symbolism in the Christian context. In 20th-century Russian literature, the Christian tradition had a decisive impact on shaping the meaning of number symbolism. An important feature of the Christian symbolism of numbers is the correlation of number symbolism with two spheres, which can be designated as “positive” (sacral) and “negative” (sinful). The author proposes a methodology for interpreting number symbolism, which comprises three stages: 1) a description of the numbers in a literary text, 2) the correlation of these numbers with the tradition of number symbolism, 3) the interpretation of the meaning of number symbolism, which is an integral part of literary work. The article also distinguishes between two concepts — that of the number image and of the image of number, and substantiates the differences in interpretation of such images. Theoretical notions are supported by the interpretation of number symbolism in the poems of Boris Pasternak, Zinaida Gippius and Alexander Blok, where it is presented explicitly. Other images, motifs and concepts presented in the literary works augmented and added complexity to the tradition of gospel number symbolism in the poems of these authors.
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Nesterova, Iulianiya Andreevna. "Eschatological plots in I. F. Stravinsky’s music (by the example of the cantata “The Flood”)." Manuscript 16, no. 4 (October 31, 2023): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/mns20230055.

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The aim of the research is to identify the rhythmic and intonational complexes, musical-rhetorical formulas, characteristics of choral texture and timbral dramaturgy in I. F. Stravinsky’s cantata “The Flood” (1962) that the composer uses to convey the eschatological biblical narrative through music. The study systematically examines the structure and content of each of the seven parts of the cantata – “Prelude”, “Melodrama”, “The Building of the Ark” (choreography), “The Catalogue of the Animals”, “The Comedy”, “The Flood” (choreography), “The Covenant of the Rainbow”. Scientific novelty lies in uncovering the specific ways in which the eschatological plot is reflected in Stravinsky’s creative work, focusing on the cantata “The Flood”, which has not received sufficient attention in scholarly literature. The research reveals that such aspects as musical symbolism, orchestration and timbral dramaturgy, symbolism of numbers and extramusical symbolism allow the composer to embody the biblical symbolism associated with the eschatological narrative of the worldwide flood.
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ORMEROD, DAVID. "AN INSTANCE OF NUMBER SYMBOLISM IN SPENSER'S FAERIE QUEENE 1.6." Notes and Queries 41, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/41-1-30.

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M Dawud Faza, Abrar, Ismail Fahmi Arrauf Nasution, and Ibrahim. "Dimensions of Divine Philosophy Education." Al-Ulum 22, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30603/au.v22i1.2872.

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This research is about the rationality of the "number" of tawhid in Islamic studies; This study has developed in the Eastern and Western Islamic worlds carried out by Muslim scholars. The discussion “number” of tawhid is widely found in classical Islamic literature, such as in the science of kalam, Islamic philosophy and tasawwuf; this indicates that the number of tawhid is significant. This study aims to answer how the numbers in the tradition of Islamic studies; The methodology used is a qualitative method with the type of library research because the data obtained are in the form of documents sourced from a book. The findings of this study indicate that the number one in tawhid implies perfection, so the science of tawhid discusses the model of the Perfect God; the number of tawhid includes its discussion in the three fields of Islamic scholarship fiqh, tawhid and tasawwuf. Issues regarding the tawhid argument understand the “number” of tawhid, which is a relative human construction. In Islam, numerology is not only discussed in philosophical themes, especially in the science of ushuluddin (Islamic theology) and Sufism (Islamic mysticism) as the central theme. The use of number symbolism in the three fields of Islamic scholarship is used as the basis for strengthening Imad ad-din (the pillar of religion), namely the number One (Wahid) as the "number of tawhid".
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Bulmer-Thomas, Ivor. "The Theology of Arithmetic - Robin Waterfield (tr.): The Theology of Arithmetic. On the Mystical, Mathematical and Cosmological Symbolism of the First Ten Numbers. Attributed to Iamblichus. Foreword by Keith Critchlow. (Kairos.) Pp. 130; mathematical diagrams. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Phanes Press, 1988. $25.00 (paper, $13.95)." Classical Review 39, no. 2 (October 1989): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x00271710.

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Setijawan, Wawan, and Andik Yulianto. "WAJAH “RYONEN” DALAM PUISI “BIARA” KARYA A. MUTTAQIN." Jurnal Pena Indonesia 3, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jpi.v3n1.p84-99.

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Poetry literature is a form of work that brings the imaginative and contemplative minds and feelings of the poet. Poetry represents the writer's thoughts and feelings expressed through the power of language language formed the physical structure and inner writers through a particular language. It is the power of language that mediates communication between poets as writers and poetry readers. Again, the nature of the poetry language does tend to be symbolic with certain symbols so that it makes the poetry have different sensations and sensations from other literary works such as short stories and novels. Often even a poet uses a game of symbolism not with words but also with numbers and other forms such as certain images or graphics to attract readers. One of the interesting poems for the branches of meaning related to other stories in the rest of the world is the poem A. Muttaqin. This poet is mengulik Ryonen's face in a particular image that will be revealed in this short article. Apparently, there is an acknowledgment on Ryonen's statement, which was later also acquired by A. Muttaqin. The behavior of a disciple with his teacher travels on an interesting journey to be understood by A. Muttaqin's poem. There are layers of pain experienced by Ryonen from the first visit, second, third, to sixth. On the seventh visit, there is a symbolization that indicates that Ryonen has reached the seventh hell, to finally arrive at the first tier of heaven. It means that "happiness" (even if he wants to accept it) has and will always smother her. The 7th and 14th stanzas can tell the story above. The meaning is strong enough implied is a kind of obsession that has always been a marker that humans are always haunted by a variety of pleasures both physical and spiritual even up in the world there. The pleasures, ranging from the rough to the subtle, the low to the high, have been depicted in the seventh and seventh-grade layers of heaven representing the seven levels of pleasure. It can be said that the world of the monastery is a heavenly world, because its atmospheric vibrations are very subtle. When a person enters a region of the sanctuary there is a certain happiness when someone is in a shopping place.
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Pack, R. "Symbolism in French literature." Literator 11, no. 1 (May 6, 1990): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v11i1.794.

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To talk of Symbolism in French literature may be ambiguous, as two different categories of writers have been grouped under this generic term: the symbolists stricto sensu, such as Moréas or Viélé-Griffin, who were mostly minor poets, and some great figures of French literature. The aim of this article is to show that, although Symbolism as an organized movement did not produce any important contribution, the nineteenth century witnessed indeed the emergence of a new trend, common to several poets who were inclined to do away with the heritage of the classical school. These poets - of whom Baudelaire, Verlaine, Rimbaud and Mallarmé are the most renowned, although they did not really associate with the symbolist school, created individualistic poetry of the foremost rank.
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Osmanova, Gulnar. "THE SYMBOLISM OF NUMBERS IN MAMMAD ARAZ’S ACTIVITY." Azerbaijan Journal of Educational Studies 1, no. 1 (2020): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/edu.185.

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Wang, Xiaoxi. "Sound symbolism in Chinese children’s literature." Cognitive Linguistics 33, no. 1 (November 11, 2021): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2021-0019.

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Abstract Iconicity is a fundamental property of spoken and signed languages. However, quantitative analysis of sound-meaning association in Chinese has not been extensively developed, and little is known about the impact of sound symbolism in children’s literature. As sound symbolism is supposed to be a universal cognitive phenomenon, this research seeks to investigate whether iconic structures of Mandarin are embodied in native Chinese speakers’ language experience. The paper describes a case study of Chinese storybooks with the goal of testing whether phonosemantic association is prominent between name sounds and character features. A quantitative method was used to investigate the distribution of different phonological units in character denomination depending on their physical and emotional traits. The results show that phonemes and syllable combination patterns are closely related to perceivable character features. By comparing schematic mapping in Chinese with other languages, the study illuminates a cross-linguistic tendency in addition to a Chinese-specific iconic relation between sound and meaning.
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Yoo, Hyung Joon. "Literature & Medicine - Symbolism of Obesity." Korean Journal of Obesity 20, no. 3 (2011): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.7570/kjo.2011.20.3.107.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Symbolism of numbers in literature"

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Wilson, Mary E. "Gothic cathedral as theology and literature." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002826.

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Van, Gorp Terry L. "An investigation of serpent symbolism and Numbers 21:4-9." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.

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Ayrey, Craig Leslie. "Debussy and the techniques of symbolism." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/debussy-and-the-techniques-of-symbolism(c3c28864-a08a-49ae-8077-acf11312adf7).html.

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Nall, Timothy M. "An analysis of Chinese four-character idioms containing numbers structural patterns and cultural significance /." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/839.

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Mullan, Anna. "Virgil and Numerical Symbolism." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/811.

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In the final book of the Georgics, Virgil digresses into a nostalgic and regretful explanation of his inability to include a proper discussion of gardening because he is spatiis exclusus iniquis (147). Often deemed “the skeleton of a fifth book of the Georgics” the exact meaning and intent behind this passage is still largely contested. In this paper I will attempt to de-strange this passage by examining it philosophically and allegorically, particularly by means of numerical symbolism.
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Eboli, Fang Regine Anne Marie. "Thinking Proust allegorically." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20522526.

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Tipper, Paul Andrew. "Colour symbolism in the works of Gustave Flaubert." Thesis, University of Hull, 1989. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3814.

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The thesis adopts a structural and systematic approach to the study and analysis of colour terms in Flaubert's fiction.The Introduction highlights how Flaubert has come to be regarded as a problematic writer and how much existing work on his colour terms is in some way lacking in clarity. I proceed to fill this gap in Flaubert studies by elaborating a method of analysis of colour terms which clarifies how meaning is produced by the text. The method of analysis comprises eight stages which are systematically worked through as one considers eleven variables, one or several of the latter coming into play at any stage in the method and which may influence the ultimate type and degree of value-charge carried by a colour term. The method and the variables should be thought of as one ensemble or a methodology for the analysis of colour terms in prose fiction. The methodology is highly refined and is without precedent in that I examine the dual exchange of figurative charging which is always operational between a colour term and its associated referent.The thesis is divided into five chapters where each text is studied separately. The Oeuvres de Jeunesse are experimental writings and Flaubert is testing the figurative potential of colour terms. The chromatic codification is mainly traditional, though a nascent private elaboration may be discerned. Madame Bovary represents the peak of literary perfection. All the novel's colours contribute to the overall illusion/reality dichotomy which lies at the heart of the text.
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Vilain, Robert Leon. "The poetry of Hugo von Hofmannsthal and French symbolism : tradition and inhibition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320987.

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Brennan, Isabel Cardigos. "In and out of enchantment : blood symbolism and gender in Portuguese fairytales." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285564.

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Ritchie, Fairlie. "Depth and destiny : religious significance in the symbolism of Isak Dinesen's literature." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66082.

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Books on the topic "Symbolism of numbers in literature"

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Csikós, Dóra Janzer. Four mighty ones are in every man: The development of the fourfold in Blake. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2003.

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Marchi, Bruno. Il codice Alighieri: I numeri criptati e le storie segrete di Dante. Siena: Nuova immagine, 2007.

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Amir, Abraham Shaul. Penine todaʻah: Hagigim be-hashraʾat maʾamar Ḥazal "Kol ha-sheviʻim ḥavivin le-maʻalah". [Beʾer Shevaʻ]: Mishpaḥat ha-Meḥaber, 2001.

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Rozeira, Arnaldo de Mariz. Os Lusíadas e os números. Lisboa: Fundac̜ão Lisboa, 1997.

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Raffine, Christine. The second sequence in Maurice Scève's Délie: A study of numerological composition in the Renaissance. Birmingham, Ala: Summa Publications, 1988.

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Baranovits, ʻOfer. Oniyot Shelomoh be-Yam Sin: Refuʾah Sinit u-masoret ʻIvrit. Hod ha-Sharon: Asṭrolog, 2006.

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Kirillin, V. M. Simvolika chisel v literature Drevneĭ Rusi: XI-XVI veka. Sankt-Peterburg: Aleteĭi͡a︡, 2000.

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Guzzardo, John J. Dante: Numerological studies. New York: P. Lang, 1987.

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Oyerbakh, Naʼor Aryeh. Sefer Ṭuv nehorakh: Beʼurim ba-Torah, ba-Neviʼim uve-Ḥazal ... ʻal ha-mashmaʻut ha-aḥidah shel mispar arbaʻim. Yerushalayim: [ḥ. mo. l.], 2000.

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Mahānti, Bhagabāna. Āme o āmara "saṅkhyā" =: We and our "numbers". Bhubaneśvara, Purī: Kyāpiṭāla Shṭuḍeṇṭas Shṭora, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Symbolism of numbers in literature"

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Spurrell, Mark. "Numbers as symbols." In The Symbolism of Medieval Churches, 72–79. New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429399091-11.

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Olds, Marshall C. "Literary Symbolism." In A Companion to Modernist Literature and Culture, 155–62. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470996331.ch15.

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Lee, Maurice S. "Numbers, Literature, Aesthetics." In Beyond Narrative, 25–40. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839461303-003.

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Clark, Katerina. "Socialist Realism in Soviet Literature." In From Symbolism to Socialist Realism, edited by Irene Masing-Delic, 419–32. Boston, USA: Academic Studies Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781618111449-042.

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Zamiatin, Evgenii. "On Literature, Revolution, Entropy, and Other Matters." In From Symbolism to Socialist Realism, edited by Irene Masing-Delic, 180–86. Boston, USA: Academic Studies Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781618111449-021.

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Grossman, Joan Delaney. "Ivan Konevskoi: Bogatyr of Russian Symbolism." In The Silver Age in Russian Literature, 1–10. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22307-7_1.

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Divakaran, P. P. "Numbers in the Vedic Literature." In Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, 113–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1774-3_5.

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von Engelhardt, Dietrich. "Cancer in Literature: Between Phenomenology and Symbolism." In Ethical Challenges in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, 275–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63749-1_18.

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Gor’kii, Maksim. "Soviet Literature Address Delivered to the First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers August 17, 1934." In From Symbolism to Socialist Realism, edited by Irene Masing-Delic, 407–18. Boston, USA: Academic Studies Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781618111449-041.

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Broglio, Ron. "Beyond Symbolism: The Rights and Biopolitics of Romantic Period Animals." In Palgrave Studies in Animals and Literature, 253–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39773-9_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Symbolism of numbers in literature"

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"SYMBOLISM IN TED HUGHES’ POETRY." In 2nd National Conference on Translation, Language & Literature. ELK Asia Pacific Journals, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.16962/elkapj/si.nctll-2015.17.

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"Symbolism In Contemporary Persian Poetry." In International Conference on Humanities, Literature and Economics. International Centre of Economics, Humanities and Management, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/icehm.ed0114011.

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Yagafova, Ekaterina. "ACRED SYMBOLISM OF NUMBERS IN MODERN RITUAL PRACTICES OF THE CHUVASH." In Марийская Традиционная Религия: история и современность. Йошкар-Ола: государственное бюджетное научное учреждение при Правительстве Республики Марий Эл "Марийский научно-исследовательский институт языка, литературы и истории им. В.М. Васильева", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51254/978-5-94950-120-7_2022_18.

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Masolova, E. A., and T. B. Ganicheva. "Christian Calendar and Symbolism of Numbers in the Late Literary Prose of Leo Tolstoy." In Proceedings of the Internation Conference on "Humanities and Social Sciences: Novations, Problems, Prospects" (HSSNPP 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/hssnpp-19.2019.47.

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Musaeva, A. "SYMBOLISM IN THE POETRY BY S. SOKOLKIN AND A. ABDURASHIDOVA." In VIII International Conference “Russian Literature of the 20th-21st Centuries as a Whole Process (Issues of Theoretical and Methodological Research)”. LCC MAKS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3714.rus_lit_20-21/155-157.

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Symbols play an important role in the lyrics of poets of the late 20th - early 21st centuries. The article is devoted to their identification and study in the works of modern Russian poets: Sergey Sokolkin and Aminat Abdurashidova. The achievements of science, historical processes have had a strong influence on the development of modern poetry. Religious, scientific, folklore symbolism is actively used by these poets to create images in poems.
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Griakalova, Nataliia, and Svetlana Titarenko. "A. Blok in Controversy with Symbolism and Acmeism Theorists (on Reconsideration of the Literature Canon)." In 45th International Philological Conference (IPC 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ipc-16.2017.66.

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Geronimus, E., and M. Mikhailova. "POST-SYMBOLISM AND POST-ACMEISM IN THE LITERARY SPACE OF RUSSIAN EMIGRATION." In VIII International Conference “Russian Literature of the 20th-21st Centuries as a Whole Process (Issues of Theoretical and Methodological Research)”. LCC MAKS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3697.rus_lit_20-21/71-79.

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The article attempts to expand the use of such well-established terms in literary studies as “post-symbolism” and “postacmeism”. At the beginning of the work, a fairly detailed overview of the use and understanding of these terms in philological science is presented. The authors point out the difficulties of identifying the phenomena they designate and suggest, without denying their already existing and active application in academic circles, to join the prosaic practice of Russian emigration of the 1930s and 1950s, emphasizing the connotations. The article examines and analyzes novels by Nikolai Otsup and Maria Vega. It describes not only the substantial layer of novels, but also reveals various levels of micropoetics: a system of characters, a chronotope, a system of motives, a figurative series, linguistic means. Thus, the article proves the possibility of applying the analyzed terms to the new material. It is also worth noting that the material chosen by the authors of the article has so far been practically not studied in Russian literary criticism. In the end, the article offers not only a new reasoned approach to understanding such phenomena as “post-symbolism” and “postacmeism”, but also “opens the veil” in the art worlds that have not yet been explored.
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Mahaboob, B., Y. Hari Krishna, G. Balaji Prakash, P. Bindu, and M. Rajaiah. "A review of literature on power sum of natural numbers." In CONTEMPORARY INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0158520.

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Yeh, Tien-ling. "The Influence of Parent-child Toys and Time of Playing Together on Children’s Problem-Solving Skills in the Early Post-COVID Years." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005445.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted family lifestyles, children's capabilities, and parent-child interactions. This study aimed to explore the influences of parent-child interactions with toys and playing time on children’s problem-solving abilities in post-COVID-19. The research process included two phases: (1) Literature Review: The relationship among playtime, toy types, and children’s capability to solve problems.; and (2) Questionnaire Analyses. The questionnaire focuses on the influences of different types of parent-child toys and the time of playing together for age 2-6 kids on problem-solving skills. Choosing 32 questions from Social Problem-Solving Questionnaire (SPSQ) and Problem-Solving Style Questionnaire (PSSQ), preschool education specialists designed this questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed in December 2023, and 30 of them were collected. The results are as follows. (1) Learning toys with numbers and symbols that aid in reading can help develop children’s logical thinking, thereby enhancing problem-solving skills. When parents and children engage in studying picture or illustration books together, it nurtures children's language capabilities and fosters interest in learning. Furthermore, sensory-motor playthings have a significant impact on the language development of children.; and (2) Children from families with accompanying playtime during 17:00-18:00 (before school time) or 21:00-22:00 (before/during bedtime) showed good analytical problem-solving capabilities. When faced with a complex problem, these children could identify the most crucial factor and, if they encountered a bottleneck, they would review the problem's context and related conditions to devise alternative solutions.
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Xia, Yihui. "Laughter in Comic Strips in Northeast Asia." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2022.7-5.

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In the realm of comic books, laughter onomatopoeia (LO) plays a crucial role in character portrayal. The sound symbolism of LO can be used to assign distinct character roles and to suggest similarities in terms of appearance and personality traits. For instance, Kinsui (2014) posited that ‘hoho’ is typically associated with a young woman from a well-respected family. However, scholarship on the relationship between variable LO and character types is limited in the current literature, emphasizing the need for further study. This thesis addresses this research gap by examining the association between phonological features and character types. Using the Japanese comic series ‘One Piece’ as a case study, the research collected laughter phrases and utilized a laughter notation system to assign character roles. The results suggest that characters employing LO with common phonological elements possess analogous external and personality characteristics, demonstrating the impact of sound symbolism on character attributes, with voiced sounds, p sounds, and palatalization sounds having distinctive correlations with specific character traits.
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Reports on the topic "Symbolism of numbers in literature"

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Beavers, John, and Gregory Quickel. PR-186-09204-R01 Determining the Effects of Ethanol on Pump Station Facilities. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010706.

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The first task in Phase 1 of this project involved sending out an industry survey regarding materials in pump stations. This task was performed to determine what components are important from a facilities point of view and what materials are used in these components. The information from the survey was organized into a table that is attached as an appendix to this report. Additionally, manufacturers of the components were contacted in order to determine the materials present in the components in the pump stations. The requests for bill of materials or materials for specific part numbers were performed by email and/or phone calls. The second task involved performing a literature search. The survey focused on data from the literature on the ethanol exposure effects of materials involved in various pump station components. The open literature, as well as company reports, was considered. Previous literature surveys conducted for PRCI SCC 4-1 and 4-4, and API, were utilized. The open literature search was performed using two search engines; Engineering Village and Science Direct. The keywords in the search included ethanol, corrosion, failure, various non-ferrous metals, stainless steels, and elastomers/plastics.
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2

Böhm, Franziska, Ingrid Jerve Ramsøy, and Brigitte Suter. Norms and Values in Refugee Resettlement: A Literature Review of Resettlement to the EU. Malmö University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771776.

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As a result of the refugee reception crisis in 2015 the advocacy for increasing resettlement numbers in the overall refugee protection framework has gained momentum, as has research on resettlement to the EU. While the UNHCR purports resettlement as a durable solution for the international protection of refugees, resettlement programmes to the European Union are seen as a pillar of the external dimension of the EU’s asylum and migration policies and management. This paper presents and discusses the literature regarding the value transmissions taking place within these programmes. It reviews literature on the European resettlement process – ranging from the selection of refugees to be resettled, the information and training they receive prior to travelling to their new country of residence, their reception upon arrival, their placement and dispersal in the receiving state, as well as programs of private and community sponsorship. The literature shows that even if resettlement can be considered an external dimension of European migration policy, this process does not end at the border. Rather, resettlement entails particular forms of reception, placement and dispersal as well as integration practices that refugees are confronted with once they arrive in their resettlement country. These practices should thus be understood in the context of the resettlement regime as a whole. In this paper we map out where and how values (here understood as ideas about how something should be) and norms (expectations or rules that are socially enforced) are transmitted within this regime. ‘Value transmission’ is here understood in a broad sense, taking into account the values that are directly transmitted through information and education programmes, as well as those informing practices and actors’ decisions. Identifying how norms and values figure in the resettlement regime aid us in further understanding decision making processes, policy making, and the on-the-ground work of practitioners that influence refugees’ lives. An important finding in this literature review is that vulnerability is a central notion in international refugee protection, and even more so in resettlement. Ideas and practices regarding vulnerability are, throughout the resettlement regime, in continuous tension with those of security, integration, and of refugees’ own agency. The literature review and our discussion serve as a point of departure for developing further investigations into the external dimension of value transmission, which in turn can add insights into the role of norms and values in the making and un-making of (external) boundaries/borders.
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3

Strachan, Anna. Lessons Learned from Humanitarian Interventions in Ukraine (2014-2021). Institute of Development Studies, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.046.

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Eastern Ukraine has been affected by conflict since 2014, resulting in large numbers of people requiring humanitarian assistance. Throughout the different phases of the conflict, numerous lessons have been learned by humanitarian actors. This report outlines lessons learned in three categories, protect (protecting civilians, humanitarian access and civil-military coordination), prioritise (prioritising effective humanitarian assistance to people in greatest need), and prevent (preventing and anticipating future shocks and rebuilding resilience in protracted and recurring crises). There is a limited body of literature on lessons learned from humanitarian interventions in the Ukraine. Evaluations provide some evidence on best practices and areas for improvement, but these are limited in number. While these evaluations often provide lessons learned and recommendations for specific organisations, many of these are applicable for other international humanitarian actors operating in Ukraine. While Ukraine has a well-established social protection system, there is limited evidence on the use of existing social protection mechanisms to channel assistance. The existing literature on humanitarian interventions in Ukraine between 2014 and 2021 discusses persons with disabilities and the elderly from the perspective of inclusion in programming. There are also numerous gender analysis reports of conflict-affected areas, and gender is addressed in the context of gender mainstreaming in humanitarian interventions within programme evaluations.
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4

Cruickshank, Garry. The Participation of Women Employed in Traditionally Male-Dominated Occupations including Plumbing: 1975 – 2013. Unitec ePress, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.026.

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In 1975 employment in the majority of trades’ areas was dominated by men, and this fact, associated with a significant wage disparity, generated considerable social debate at that time. A number of newspaper articles in New Zealand highlighted the lack of female participation in traditionally male occupations. Using an intensive literature review and statistical analysis of available records, this paper investigates whether the numbers of women employed as plumbers in New Zealand have changed between 1975 and the present day. Having established that the proportion of female plumbers is almost unchanged during this period, this research then compares this information with data gathered from other trades and exposes the widespread nature of this trend across traditionally male dominated industries. This data is also compared to gender-based employment rates in the non-trades professions. The potential causes underlying this tendency are discussed. Finally the paper reflects on what, if anything, could to be done to alter this situation.
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5

Cruickshank, Garry. The Participation of Women Employed in Traditionally Male-Dominated Occupations including Plumbing: 1975 – 2013. Unitec ePress, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.026.

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In 1975 employment in the majority of trades’ areas was dominated by men, and this fact, associated with a significant wage disparity, generated considerable social debate at that time. A number of newspaper articles in New Zealand highlighted the lack of female participation in traditionally male occupations. Using an intensive literature review and statistical analysis of available records, this paper investigates whether the numbers of women employed as plumbers in New Zealand have changed between 1975 and the present day. Having established that the proportion of female plumbers is almost unchanged during this period, this research then compares this information with data gathered from other trades and exposes the widespread nature of this trend across traditionally male dominated industries. This data is also compared to gender-based employment rates in the non-trades professions. The potential causes underlying this tendency are discussed. Finally the paper reflects on what, if anything, could to be done to alter this situation.
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6

Baldwin, Gretchen. Considering the Future of Gender and Peace Operations: Strategic Debates and Operational Challenges. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/lcsv1618.

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The women, peace and security (WPS) agenda in peace operations has had myriad successes as well as setbacks in implementation. The rise of ‘gender-sensitive’ or ‘gender-responsive’ approaches to peacekeeping signals progress in policy language, but in practice, peacekeepers can struggle to comprehensively implement gender analyses or deliver on WPS tasks. Based on a review of existing academic and policy literature, this paper identifies five strategic debates central to WPS agenda implementation: participation beyond numbers, men’s roles, defining ‘gender’, balancing gender ‘inside and outside the fence’, and non-traditional security challenges. It then identifies six key operational challenges to implementation: resourcing, accountability, recruitment barriers, scale, siloing versus mainstreaming, and securitization. With the approach of the 25th anniversary of the WPS agenda in 2025—possibly the most significant yet for the integration of gender and peace operations—stakeholders should step up efforts to ensure the sustainability of the agenda’s implementation, in line with its most progressive reading.
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7

Hicks, Jacqueline. Global Evidence on the Prevalence and Impact of Online Gender-based Violence (OGBV). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.140.

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This rapid review updates a previous report (Fraser and Martineau-Searle, 2018) with evidence from 2018 onwards. It finds an evidence base on online gender-based violence (OGBV) covering a wider range of countries than the previous report. Some key findings on the nature and prevalence of OGBV include: The most recent surveys show a prevalence of OGBV ranging from 16% to 58%; Men and boys also experience online abuse in high numbers, but it is less likely to be gender-based; Several studies from different countries identify Facebook as the top location for incidents of OGBV; Higher levels of online harassment and abuse are faced by people with intersecting inequality factors; According to victim-survivors, perpetrators are more likely to be unknown and acting alone, but large numbers are known to the victims. Perpetrators themselves report divergent, multifaceted and often over-lapping motivations for their actions; Analysis of underlying drivers of OGBV highlights an overarching theme of power and control, and heteronormative expectations around gender roles and sexual practice. Many authors recommend that OGBV be understood as part of a continuum of abuse where normalised behaviours, such as sexual harassment in public spaces, shade into behaviours widely recognized as criminal, such as physical assault. The societal impact of OGBV includes: Media freedom is compromised; Democracy being undermined; Economic losses resulting from lost productivity; A ‘climate of unsafety’ prevails. Evidence base: The number of surveys about self-reported experiences with online harassment has increased rapidly. The majority of the research found during the course of this rapid review came from international and domestic non-governmental organisations and think-tanks. Academic research studies were also found, including several literature reviews.
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8

Enfield, Sue. Covid-19 Impact on Employment and Skills for the Labour Market. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.081.

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This literature review draws from academic and grey literature, published largely as institutional reports and blogs. Most information found considered global impacts on employment and the labour market with the particular impact for the very high numbers of youth, women, migrant workers, and people with disabilities who are more likely to be employed in the informal sector. There has been a high negative impact on the informal sector and for precariously employed groups. The informal labour market is largest in low and middle-income countries and engages 2 billion workers (62 percent) of the global workforce (currently around 3.3 billion). Particularly in low- and middle-income countries, hard-hit sectors have a high proportion of workers in informal employment and workers with limited access to health services and social protection. Economic contractions are particularly challenging for micro, small, and medium enterprises to weather. Reduced working hours and staff reductions both increase worker poverty and hardship. Women, migrant workers, and youth form a major part of the workforce in the informal economy since they are more likely to work in these vulnerable, low-paying informal jobs where there are few protections, and they are not reached by government support measures. Young people have been affected in two ways as many have had their education interrupted; those in work these early years of employment (with its continued important learning on the job) have been interrupted or in some cases ended.
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9

Mascagni, Giulia, and Adrienne Lees. Using Administrative Data to Assess the Impact of the Pandemic in Low-Income Countries: An Application with VAT Data in Rwanda. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.004.

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This paper uses administrative data from Value Added Tax (VAT) returns to provide insights on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda. We show that the lockdown in Rwanda had a severe impact on the domestic economy, despite relatively low case numbers. However, the economy quickly rebounded after restrictions were lifted, with overall sales losses amounting to 5 per cent of GDP. Although in absolute terms, these losses are concentrated amongst the largest firms, in proportional terms, small firms have been worse affected. We also show that firms providing accommodation, food and transport services, as well as those based in the capital, have been particularly affected by the crisis. Overall, the decline in economic activity translates to a 5.1 per cent loss in VAT revenue for the government. Our results offer policy-makers evidence on the real impact of the crisis, both in aggregate terms and disaggregated by firm size, sector, and location. In a literature that has largely focused on higher-income countries, these results complement projections to inform appropriate policy responses in the specific context of low-income countries.
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10

Bolton, Laura. WASH in Schools for Student Return During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.024.

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The literature on WASH and school re-opening during the COVID-19 pandemic is dominated by guidelines with little in the way of recent evidence or lessons learned. Analysis of data from school re-openings at the end of 2020 suggests that with mitigation measures in place community infection rates should not be affected by children returning to school. Although children carry a lower risk of infection, they do have large numbers of contact in the school environment, so hygiene and distancing measures are important. The key guidelines for WASH in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic include: children and all school staff must be educated with regards to hand hygiene; hand hygiene stations must be provided at entrances and exits; hand washing must be frequent and requires sufficient water and soap; school buses should have hand hygiene measures in place; and the school environment must be disinfected daily. Environmental, or nudge-based, cues are recommended to support behaviour change in children based on pre-COVID-19 evidence. Examples include colourful footprints leading to a handwashing facility, images of eyes above handwashing facilities, embedding toys in soap, and putting pictures of germs on surfaces.
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