To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Symmetric tensor.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Symmetric tensor'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Symmetric tensor.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Erdtman, Elias, and Carl Jönsson. "Tensor Rank." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematik och tillämpad matematik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78449.
Full textAbstract:
This master's thesis addresses numerical methods of computing the typical ranks of tensors over the real numbers and explores some properties of tensors over finite fields. We present three numerical methods to compute typical tensor rank. Two of these have already been published and can be used to calculate the lowest typical ranks of tensors and an approximate percentage of how many tensors have the lowest typical ranks (for some tensor formats), respectively. The third method was developed by the authors with the intent to be able to discern if there is more than one typical rank. Some results from the method are presented but are inconclusive. In the area of tensors over nite filds some new results are shown, namely that there are eight GLq(2) GLq(2) GLq(2)-orbits of 2 2 2 tensors over any finite field and that some tensors over Fq have lower rank when considered as tensors over Fq2 . Furthermore, it is shown that some symmetric tensors over F2 do not have a symmetric rank and that there are tensors over some other finite fields which have a larger symmetric rank than rank.
2
Jiang, Shenghan. "Symmetric topological phases and tensor network states:." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107410.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis advisor: Ying RanClassification and simulation of quantum phases are one of main themes in condensed matter physics. Quantum phases can be distinguished by their symmetrical and topological properties. The interplay between symmetry and topology in condensed matter physics often leads to exotic quantum phases and rich phase diagrams. Famous examples include quantum Hall phases, spin liquids and topological insulators. In this thesis, I present our works toward a more systematically understanding of symmetric topological quantum phases in bosonic systems. In the absence of global symmetries, gapped quantum phases are characterized by topological orders. Topological orders in 2+1D are well studied, while a systematically understanding of topological orders in 3+1D is still lacking. By studying a family of exact solvable models, we find at least some topological orders in 3+1D can be distinguished by braiding phases of loop excitations. In the presence of both global symmetries and topological orders, the interplay between them leads to new phases termed as symmetry enriched topological (SET) phases. We develop a framework to classify a large class of SET phases using tensor networks. For each tensor class, we can write down generic variational wavefunctions. We apply our method to study gapped spin liquids on the kagome lattice, which can be viewed as SET phases of on-site symmetries as well as lattice symmetries. In the absence of topological order, symmetry could protect different topological phases, which are often referred to as symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases. We present systematic constructions of tensor network wavefunctions for bosonic symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases respecting both onsite and spatial symmetries
3
譚天佑 and Tin-yau Tam. "A study of induced operators on symmetry classes of tensors." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31230738.
Full text
4
Tam, Tin-yau. "A study of induced operators on symmetry classes of tensors /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12322593.
Full text
5
Junior, Leonidas Sandoval. "Partículss relativístivas com spin e campos tensoriais antissimétricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 1990. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43132/tde-19062015-151034/.
Full textAbstract:
Neste trabalho, fazemos um estudo dos campos tensoriais antissimétricos em geral e, em particular, do campo tensorial antissimétrico de ordem dois. Utilizando o método de quantização BRST-BFV para teorias redutíveis no formalismo hamiltoniano, mostramos a equivalência quântica do campo tensorial antissimétrico de ordem dois não-massivo ao campo escalar em 4 dimensões e ao campo vetorial no gauge de Lorentz em 5 dimensões. Também é mostrada a equivalência entre as formulações de 1ª e 2ª ordem do campo tensorial antissimétrico de ordem dois. Por fim, é efetuada a quantização BRST-BFV de um modelo de partícula relativística com spin com duas supersimetrias acrescido de um termo Chern-Simons, mostrando que a amplitude de transição obtida equivale à amplitude de transição do \"rotacional\" de um campo tensorial antissimétrico de ordem qualquer. O caso massivo também é tratado brevemente.In this work, we make a study of anti symmetric tensor fields in general, and, in particular, of the anti symmetric tensor fields of order two. Using the BRST-BFV quantization method for reducible theories in the Hamiltonian formalism, we show the quantum equivalence of the massless anti symmetric tensor field of order two to the scalar field in 4 dimensions, and to the vector field in the Lorentz gauge in 5 dimensions. It is also shown the quantum equivalence between the 1st and 2nd order formulations for the anti symmetric tensor field of order two. Finally, it is made the BRST-BFV quantization of a model of relativistic spinning particle with two super symmetries with a Chern-Simons term, showing that the transition amplitude obtained is equivalent to the transition amplitude for the field strength of an anti symmetric tensor field of any order. The massive case is also treated in breaf.
6
Wasserman, Thomas A. "A reduced tensor product of braided fusion categories over a symmetric fusion category." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:58c6aae3-cb0e-4381-821f-f7291ff95657.
Full textAbstract:
The main goal of this thesis is to construct a tensor product on the 2-category BFC-A of braided fusion categories containing a symmetric fusion category A. We achieve this by introducing the new notion of Z(A)-crossed braided categories. These are categories enriched over the Drinfeld centre Z(A) of the symmetric fusion category. We show that Z(A) admits an additional symmetric tensor structure, which makes it into a 2-fold monoidal category. ByTannaka duality, A= Rep(G) (or Rep(G; w)) for a finite group G (or finite super-group (G,w)). Under this identication Z(A) = VectG[G], the category of G-equivariant vector bundles over G, and we show that the symmetric tensor product corresponds to (a super version of) to the brewise tensor product. We use the additional symmetric tensor product on Z(A) to define the composition in Z(A)-crossed braided categories, whereas the usual tensor product is used for the monoidal structure. We further require this monoidal structure to be braided for the switch map that uses the braiding in Z(A). We show that the 2-category Z(A)-XBF is equivalent to both BFC=A and the 2-category of (super)-G-crossed braided categories. Using the former equivalence, the reduced tensor product on BFC-A is dened in terms of the enriched Cartesian product of Z(A)-enriched categories on Z(A)-XBF. The reduced tensor product obtained in this way has as unit Z(A). It induces a pairing between minimal modular extensions of categories having A as their Mueger centre.
7
Comes, Jonathan 1981. "Blocks in Deligne's category Rep(St)." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10867.
Full textAbstract:
x, 81 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.We give an exposition of Deligne's tensor category Rep(St) where t is not necessarily an integer. Thereafter, we give a complete description of the blocks in Rep(St) for arbitrary t. Finally, we use our result on blocks to decompose tensor products and classify tensor ideals in Rep(St).
Committee in charge: Victor Ostrik, Chairperson, Mathematics; Daniel Dugger, Member, Mathematics; Jonathan Brundan, Member, Mathematics; Alexander Kleshchev, Member, Mathematics; Michael Kellman, Outside Member, Chemistry
8
Vasilev, Stefan [Verfasser], and Ilka [Akademischer Betreuer] Agricola. "On metric connections with totally skew-symmetric torsion tensor / Stefan Vasilev ; Betreuer: Ilka Agricola." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205879722/34.
Full text
9
Gong, Xue. "Dynamical Systems in Cell Division Cycle, Winnerless Competition Models, and Tensor Approximations." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1458303716.
Full text
10
Ernst, Moritz Fabian [Verfasser], and Rochus [Akademischer Betreuer] Klesse. "Symmetric Functionals over Tensor Product Spaces in the Context of Quantum Information Theory / Moritz Fabian Ernst. Gutachter: Rochus Klesse." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1064693377/34.
Full text
11
Nguyen, Viet anh. "Contributions to tensor models, Hurwitz numbers and Macdonald-Koornwinder polynomials." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0052/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans cette thèse, j’étudie trois sujets reliés : les modèles de tenseurs, les nombres de Hurwitz et les polynômes de Macdonald-Koornwinder. Les modèles de tenseurs généralisent les modèles de matrices en tant qu’une approche à la gravité quantique en dimension arbitraire (les modèles de matrices donnent une version bidimensionnelle). J’étudie un modèle particulier qui s’appelle le modèle quartique mélonique. Sa spécialité est qu’il s’écrit en termes d’un modèle de matrices qui est lui-même aussi intéressant. En utilisant les outils bien établis, je calcule les deux premiers ordres de leur 1=N expansion. Parmi plusieurs interprétations, les nombres de Hurwitz comptent le nombre de revêtements ramifiés de surfaces de Riemann. Ils sont connectés avec de nombreux sujets en mathématiques contemporaines telles que les modèles de matrices, les équations intégrables et les espaces de modules. Ma contribution principale est une formule explicite pour les nombres doubles avec 3-cycles complétées d’une part. Cette formule me permet de prouver plusieurs propriétés intéressantes de ces nombres. Le dernier sujet de mon étude est les polynôme de Macdonald et Koornwinder, plus précisément les identités de Littlewood. Ces polynômes forment les bases importantes de l’algèbre des polynômes symétriques. Un des problèmes intrinsèques dans la théorie des fonctions symétriques est la décomposition d’un polynôme symétrique dans la base de Macdonald. La décomposition obtenue (notamment si les coefficients sont raisonnablement explicites et compacts) est nommée une identité de Littlewood. Dans cette thèse, j’étudie les identités démontrées récemment par Rains et Warnaar. Mes contributions incluent une preuve d’une extension d’une telle identité et quelques progrès partiels vers la généralisation d’une autreIn this thesis, I study three related subjects: tensor models, Hurwitz numbers and Macdonald-Koornwinder polynomials. Tensor models are generalizations of matrix models as an approach to quantum gravity in arbitrary dimensions (matrix models give a 2D version). I study a specific model called the quartic melonic tensor model. Its specialty is that it can be transformed into a multi-matrix model which is very interesting by itself. With the help of well-established tools, I am able to compute the first two leading orders of their 1=N expansion. Among many interpretations, Hurwitz numbers count the number of weighted ramified coverings of Riemann surfaces. They are connected to many subjects of contemporary mathematics such as matrix models, integrable equations and moduli spaces of complex curves. My main contribution is an explicit formula for one-part double Hurwitz numbers with completed 3-cycles. This explicit formula also allows me to prove many interesting properties of these numbers. The final subject of my study is Macdonald-Koornwinder polynomials, in particular their Littlewood identities. These polynomials form important bases of the algebra of symmetric polynomials. One of the most important problems in symmetric function theory is to decompose a symmetric polynomial into the Macdonald basis. The obtained decomposition (in particular, if the coefficients are explicit and reasonably compact) is called a Littlewood identity. In this thesis, I study many recent Littlewood identities of Rains and Warnaar. My own contributions include a proof of an extension of one of their identities and partial progress towards generalization of one another
12
Harmouch, Jouhayna. "Décomposition de petit rang, problèmes de complétion et applications : décomposition de matrices de Hankel et des tenseurs de rang faible." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4236/document.
Full textAbstract:
On étudie la décomposition de matrice de Hankel comme une somme des matrices de Hankel de rang faible en corrélation avec la décomposition de son symbole σ comme une somme des séries exponentielles polynomiales. On présente un nouvel algorithme qui calcule la décomposition d’un opérateur de Hankel de petit rang et sa décomposition de son symbole en exploitant les propriétés de l’algèbre quotient de Gorenstein . La base de est calculée à partir la décomposition en valeurs singuliers d’une sous-matrice de matrice de Hankel . Les fréquences et les poids se déduisent des vecteurs propres généralisés des sous matrices de Hankel déplacés de . On présente une formule pour calculer les poids en fonction des vecteurs propres généralisés au lieu de résoudre un système de Vandermonde. Cette nouvelle méthode est une généralisation de Pencil méthode déjà utilisée pour résoudre un problème de décomposition de type de Prony. On analyse son comportement numérique en présence des moments contaminés et on décrit une technique de redimensionnement qui améliore la qualité numérique des fréquences d’une grande amplitude. On présente une nouvelle technique de Newton qui converge localement vers la matrice de Hankel de rang faible la plus proche au matrice initiale et on montre son effet à corriger les erreurs sur les moments. On étudie la décomposition d’un tenseur multi-symétrique T comme une somme des puissances de produit des formes linéaires en corrélation avec la décomposition de son dual comme une somme pondérée des évaluations. On utilise les propriétés de l’algèbre de Gorenstein associée pour calculer la décomposition de son dual qui est définie à partir d’une série formelle τ. On utilise la décomposition d’un opérateur de Hankel de rang faible associé au symbole τ comme une somme des opérateurs indécomposables de rang faible. La base d’ est choisie de façon que la multiplication par certains variables soit possible. On calcule les coordonnées des points et leurs poids correspondants à partir la structure propre des matrices de multiplication. Ce nouvel algorithme qu’on propose marche bien pour les matrices de Hankel de rang faible. On propose une approche théorique de la méthode dans un espace de dimension n. On donne un exemple numérique de la décomposition d’un tenseur multilinéaire de rang 3 en dimension 3 et un autre exemple de la décomposition d’un tenseur multi-symétrique de rang 3 en dimension 3. On étudie le problème de complétion de matrice de Hankel comme un problème de minimisation. On utilise la relaxation du problème basé sur la minimisation de la norme nucléaire de la matrice de Hankel. On adapte le SVT algorithme pour le cas d’une matrice de Hankel et on calcule l’opérateur linéaire qui décrit les contraintes du problème de minimisation de norme nucléaire. On montre l’utilité du problème de décomposition à dissocier un modèle statistique ou biologiqueWe study the decomposition of a multivariate Hankel matrix as a sum of Hankel matrices of small rank in correlation with the decomposition of its symbol σ as a sum of polynomialexponential series. We present a new algorithm to compute the low rank decomposition of the Hankel operator and the decomposition of its symbol exploiting the properties of the associated Artinian Gorenstein quotient algebra . A basis of is computed from the Singular Value Decomposition of a sub-matrix of the Hankel matrix . The frequencies and the weights are deduced from the generalized eigenvectors of pencils of shifted sub-matrices of Explicit formula for the weights in terms of the eigenvectors avoid us to solve a Vandermonde system. This new method is a multivariate generalization of the so-called Pencil method for solving Pronytype decomposition problems. We analyse its numerical behaviour in the presence of noisy input moments, and describe a rescaling technique which improves the numerical quality of the reconstruction for frequencies of high amplitudes. We also present a new Newton iteration, which converges locally to the closest multivariate Hankel matrix of low rank and show its impact for correcting errors on input moments. We study the decomposition of a multi-symmetric tensor T as a sum of powers of product of linear forms in correlation with the decomposition of its dual as a weighted sum of evaluations. We use the properties of the associated Artinian Gorenstein Algebra to compute the decomposition of its dual which is defined via a formal power series τ. We use the low rank decomposition of the Hankel operator associated to the symbol τ into a sum of indecomposable operators of low rank. A basis of is chosen such that the multiplication by some variables is possible. We compute the sub-coordinates of the evaluation points and their weights using the eigen-structure of multiplication matrices. The new algorithm that we propose works for small rank. We give a theoretical generalized approach of the method in n dimensional space. We show a numerical example of the decomposition of a multi-linear tensor of rank 3 in 3 dimensional space. We show a numerical example of the decomposition of a multi-symmetric tensor of rank 3 in 3 dimensional space. We study the completion problem of the low rank Hankel matrix as a minimization problem. We use the relaxation of it as a minimization problem of the nuclear norm of Hankel matrix. We adapt the SVT algorithm to the case of Hankel matrix and we compute the linear operator which describes the constraints of the problem and its adjoint. We try to show the utility of the decomposition algorithm in some applications such that the LDA model and the ODF model
13
Vasconcelos, Rosa Tayane de. "O tensor de Ricci e campos de killing de espaços simétricos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/25968.
Full textAbstract:
VASCONCELOS, Rosa Tayane de. O tensor de Ricci e campos de killing de espaços simétricos. 2017. 81 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Matemática)- Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017.Submitted by Andrea Dantas (pgmat@mat.ufc.br) on 2017-09-18T13:45:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rtvasconcelos.pdf: 555452 bytes, checksum: 4ff6c8fb7950682913acabed03e9d3d7 (MD5)
Rejected by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br), reason: Boa tarde, A Dissertação de ROSA TAYANE DE VASCONCELOS apresenta a alguns erros que devem corrigidos, os mesmos seguem listados abaixo: 1- EPÍGRAFE (coloque o nome do autor da epígrafe todo em letra maiúscula) 2- RESUMO/ ABSTRACT (retire o recuo dos parágrafos do resumo e do abstract) 3- PALAVRAS-CHAVE/ KEYWORDS (coloque a letra inicial do primeiro elemento das palavras- -chave e das Keywords em maiúscula) 4- CITAÇÕES (as citações a autores, que aparecem em todo o trabalho, não estão no padrão ABNT: se for apenas uma referência geral a uma obra, deve se colocar o último sobrenome do autor em letra maiúscula e o ano da publicação, ex.: EBERLEIN (2005). Caso seja a citação de um trecho particular da obra deve acrescentar o número da página, ex.: EBERLEIN (2005, p. 30). OBS.: as citações não devem estar entre colchetes. 5- TÍTULOS DOS CAPÍTULOS E SEÇÕES (coloque os títulos dos capítulos e seções em negrito) 6- REFERÊNCIAS (as referências bibliográficas não estão no padrão ABNT: apenas o último sobrenome do autor, que inicia a referência, deve estar em letra maiúscula, o restante do nome deve estar em letra minúscula. EX.: BROCKER, Theodor; TOM DIECK, Tammo. Representations of compact Lie groups, v. 98. Springer Science & Business Media, 2013. Atenciosamente, on 2017-09-18T15:04:06Z (GMT)
Submitted by Andrea Dantas (pgmat@mat.ufc.br) on 2017-09-19T13:33:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rtvasconcelos.pdf: 522079 bytes, checksum: ff99004fbe22e922f704a6a87365d3b6 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2017-09-21T12:18:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rtvasconcelos.pdf: 522079 bytes, checksum: ff99004fbe22e922f704a6a87365d3b6 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-21T12:18:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_rtvasconcelos.pdf: 522079 bytes, checksum: ff99004fbe22e922f704a6a87365d3b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-13
This work brings a smooth and self-contained introduction to the study of the most basic aspects of symmetric spaces, having as its nal goal the characterization of the Killing vector fields and of the Ricci tensor of such riemannian manifolds. Several of the results presented in the initial chapter are not easily found, in the Diferential Geometry literature, in a way as accessible and self-contained as here. This being said, we believe that this work embodies some didactic relevance, for it others students interested in symmetric spaces a relatively smooth first contact. We shall generally look at symmetric spaces as homogeneous manifolds G=H, where G is a Lie group and H is a closed Lie subgroup of G, such that the natural mapping : G ! G=H is a riemannian submersion. Ultimately, this map allows us to describe the relationships between the curvature, the Ricci tensor and the geodesics of G and G=H. For our purposes, the crucial remark is that, under appropriate circumstances, one guarantees the existence, in G=H, of a metric for which left translations are isometries. Hence, a one-parameter family of such isometries gives rise to a Killing vector field, which turn into a Jacobi vector eld when restricted to a geodesic. We present explicit expressions for such Jacobi vector elds, showing that they only depend on the eigenvalues of the linear operator TX : g ! g given by TX = (adX)2, for certain vector elds X 2 g.
Este trabalho traz uma introdução suave e autocontida ao estudo dos aspectos mais básicos de espaços simétricos, tendo como objetivo final a caracterização dos campos de Killing e do tensor de Ricci de tais variedades riemannianas. Vários dos resultados obtidos nos capítulos iniciais não são encontrados, na literatura de Geometria Diferencial, de maneira tão acessível e autocontida como apresentados aqui. Com isso, acreditamos que o trabalho reveste-se de alguma relevância didática, por oferecer aos alunos interessados no estudo de espaços simétricos um primeiro contato relativamente suave. Em linhas gerais, veremos espaços simétricos como variedades homogêneas G=H, onde G e um grupo de Lie e H um subgrupo de Lie fechado de G, tais que a aplicação natural: G ! G=H seja uma submersão riemanniana. Através dela, descrevemos relações entre a curvatura, o tensor de Ricci e as geodésicas de G e G=H. Para nossos propósitos, a observação crucial e que, sob certas hipóteses, garantimos a existência, em G=H, de uma métrica cujas translações a esquerda são isometrias. Portanto, uma família a um parâmetro de tais isometrias d a origem a um campo de Killing que, por sua vez, restrito a geodésicas torna-se um campo de Jacobi. Apresentamos expressões para esses campos de Jacobi, mostrando que os mesmos só dependem dos autovalores do operador linear TX : g ! g dado por TX = (adX)2, para certos campos X 2 g.
14
Savas, Berkant. "Algorithms in data mining using matrix and tensor methods." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Beräkningsvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11597.
Full textAbstract:
In many fields of science, engineering, and economics large amounts of data are stored and there is a need to analyze these data in order to extract information for various purposes. Data mining is a general concept involving different tools for performing this kind of analysis. The development of mathematical models and efficient algorithms is of key importance. In this thesis we discuss algorithms for the reduced rank regression problem and algorithms for the computation of the best multilinear rank approximation of tensors. The first two papers deal with the reduced rank regression problem, which is encountered in the field of state-space subspace system identification. More specifically the problem is \[ \min_{\rank(X) = k} \det (B - X A)(B - X A)\tp, \] where $A$ and $B$ are given matrices and we want to find $X$ under a certain rank condition that minimizes the determinant. This problem is not properly stated since it involves implicit assumptions on $A$ and $B$ so that $(B - X A)(B - X A)\tp$ is never singular. This deficiency of the determinant criterion is fixed by generalizing the minimization criterion to rank reduction and volume minimization of the objective matrix. The volume of a matrix is defined as the product of its nonzero singular values. We give an algorithm that solves the generalized problem and identify properties of the input and output signals causing a singular objective matrix. Classification problems occur in many applications. The task is to determine the label or class of an unknown object. The third paper concerns with classification of handwritten digits in the context of tensors or multidimensional data arrays. Tensor and multilinear algebra is an area that attracts more and more attention because of the multidimensional structure of the collected data in various applications. Two classification algorithms are given based on the higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD). The main algorithm makes a data reduction using HOSVD of 98--99 \% prior the construction of the class models. The models are computed as a set of orthonormal bases spanning the dominant subspaces for the different classes. An unknown digit is expressed as a linear combination of the basis vectors. The resulting algorithm achieves 5\% in classification error with fairly low amount of computations. The remaining two papers discuss computational methods for the best multilinear rank approximation problem \[ \min_{\cB} \| \cA - \cB\| \] where $\cA$ is a given tensor and we seek the best low multilinear rank approximation tensor $\cB$. This is a generalization of the best low rank matrix approximation problem. It is well known that for matrices the solution is given by truncating the singular values in the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the matrix. But for tensors in general the truncated HOSVD does not give an optimal approximation. For example, a third order tensor $\cB \in \RR^{I \x J \x K}$ with rank$(\cB) = (r_1,r_2,r_3)$ can be written as the product \[ \cB = \tml{X,Y,Z}{\cC}, \qquad b_{ijk}=\sum_{\lambda,\mu,\nu} x_{i\lambda} y_{j\mu} z_{k\nu} c_{\lambda\mu\nu}, \] where $\cC \in \RR^{r_1 \x r_2 \x r_3}$ and $X \in \RR^{I \times r_1}$, $Y \in \RR^{J \times r_2}$, and $Z \in \RR^{K \times r_3}$ are matrices of full column rank. Since it is no restriction to assume that $X$, $Y$, and $Z$ have orthonormal columns and due to these constraints, the approximation problem can be considered as a nonlinear optimization problem defined on a product of Grassmann manifolds. We introduce novel techniques for multilinear algebraic manipulations enabling means for theoretical analysis and algorithmic implementation. These techniques are used to solve the approximation problem using Newton and Quasi-Newton methods specifically adapted to operate on products of Grassmann manifolds. The presented algorithms are suited for small, large and sparse problems and, when applied on difficult problems, they clearly outperform alternating least squares methods, which are standard in the field.
15
Juršėnas, Rytis. "Algebraic development of many-body perturbation theory in theoretical atomic spectroscopy." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101223_153004-84982.
Full textAbstract:
The principal goals of the thesis are subjected to general methods and forms of effective operators by the nowadays demands of theoretical application of many-body perturbation theory to atomic physics. The present theoretical research follows up step by step by systematic observation of various possibilities to restrict the Fock space operators to their irreducible subspaces and the classification of irreducible tensor operators which represent the physical as well as the effective interactions. To ground the results of the thesis, the symbolic preparation of obtained expressions is strictly proved mathematically. Most of the main results are listed in theorems. The doctoral dissertation contains 101 pages, 5 sections, 4 appendices, 40 tables and 9 figures. The main results described in the present dissertation have been published in journals of physical and mathematical sciences.Šis darbas yra skirtas šiuolaikinės atomo trikdžių teorijos matematinio aparato, paremto efektinių operatorių formalizmu, plėtojimui. Darbe nuosekliai ir sistemingai, pradedant nuo pačių bendriausių principų, nagrinėjami Foko erdvės apribojimo į redukavimo grupių neredukuotinus poerdvius metodai bei pateikiama neredukuotinų tenzorinių operatorių, charakterizuojančių fizikines ir efektines sąveikas, klasifikacija bendrais ir tam tikrais atskirais atvejais. Gautos išraiškos ir iš jų išplaukiančios išvados yra grindžiamos matematine kalba. Dauguma esminių rezultatų yra suformuluoti teoremų pavidalu. Disertaciją sudaro 101 puslapis, 5 skyriai, 4 priedai, 40 lentelių ir 9 paveikslėliai. Pagrindiniai rezultatai, pateikti disertacijoje, yra publikuoti fizikos ir matematikos mokslų žurnaluose.
16
Juršėnas, Rytis. "Algebrinis daugiadalelės trikdžių teorijos plėtojimas teorinėje atomo spektroskopijoje." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101223_152955-40113.
Full textAbstract:
Šis darbas yra skirtas šiuolaikinės atomo trikdžių teorijos matematinio aparato, paremto efektinių operatorių formalizmu, plėtojimui. Darbe nuosekliai ir sistemingai, pradedant nuo pačių bendriausių principų, nagrinėjami Foko erdvės apribojimo į redukavimo grupių neredukuotinus poerdvius metodai bei pateikiama neredukuotinų tenzorinių operatorių, charakterizuojančių fizikines ir efektines sąveikas, klasifikacija bendrais ir tam tikrais atskirais atvejais. Gautos išraiškos ir iš jų išplaukiančios išvados yra grindžiamos matematine kalba. Dauguma esminių rezultatų yra suformuluoti teoremų pavidalu. Disertaciją sudaro 101 puslapis, 5 skyriai, 4 priedai, 40 lentelių ir 9 paveikslėliai. Pagrindiniai rezultatai, pateikti disertacijoje, yra publikuoti fizikos ir matematikos mokslų žurnaluose.The principal goals of the thesis are subjected to general methods and forms of effective operators by the nowadays demands of theoretical application of many-body perturbation theory to atomic physics. The present theoretical research follows up step by step by systematic observation of various possibilities to restrict the Fock space operators to their irreducible subspaces and the classification of irreducible tensor operators which represent the physical as well as the effective interactions. To ground the results of the thesis, the symbolic preparation of obtained expressions is strictly proved mathematically. Most of the main results are listed in theorems. The doctoral dissertation contains 101 pages, 5 sections, 4 appendices, 40 tables and 9 figures. The main results described in the present dissertation have been published in journals of physical and mathematical sciences.
17
Hjelm, Andersson Hampus. "Classification of second order symmetric tensors in the Lorentz metric." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57197.
Full textAbstract:
This bachelor thesis shows a way to classify second order symmetric tensors in the Lorentz metric. Some basic prerequisite about indefinite and definite algebra is introduced, such as the Jordan form, indefinite inner products, the Segre type, and the Minkowski space. There are also some results concerning the invariant 2-spaces of a symmetric tensor and a different approach on how to classify second order symmetric tensor.
18
Hubig, Claudius [Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Schollwöck. "Symmetry-protected tensor networks / Claudius Hubig ; Betreuer: Ulrich Schollwöck." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/114351887X/34.
Full text
19
Hubig, Claudius Verfasser], and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schollwöck. "Symmetry-protected tensor networks / Claudius Hubig ; Betreuer: Ulrich Schollwöck." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/114351887X/34.
Full text
20
Zhang, Huaijian. "Utilization of Symmetry in Optimization of Tensor Contraction Expressions." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1285047367.
Full text
21
Schmoll, Philipp [Verfasser]. "Tensor Network Simulations with Global SU(2) Symmetry / Philipp Schmoll." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230059946/34.
Full text
22
Howarth, Laura. "The existence and structure of constants of geodesic motion admitted by spherically symmetric static space-times." Thesis, University of Hull, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310318.
Full text
23
Lachaume, Xavier. "Des équations de contrainte en gravité modifiée : des théories de Lovelock à un nouveau problème de σk-Yamabe." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4018/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse est consacrée au problème d’évolution des théories de gravité modifiée : après avoir rappelé ce qu’il en est pour la Relativité Générale (RG), nous exposons le formalisme n + 1 des théories ƒ(R), Brans-Dicke et tenseur-scalaire et redémontrons un résultat connu : le problème de Cauchy est bien posé pour ces théories, et les équations de contrainte se réduisent à celles de la RG avec un champ de matière. Puis nous effectuons la même décomposition n + 1 pour les théories de Lovelock et, ce qui est nouveau, ƒ(Lovelock). Nous étudions ensuite les équations de contrainte des théories de Lovelock et montrons qu’elles sont, dans le cas conformément plat et symétrique en temps, la prescription d’une somme de σk-courbures. Afin de résoudre cette équation de prescription, nous introduisons une nouvelle famille de polynômes semi-symétriques homogènes et développons des résultats de concavité pour ces polynômes. Nous énonçons une conjecture qui, si elle était avérée, nous permettrait de résoudre l’équation de prescription dans de nombreux cas : ∀ P;Q ∈ ℝ[X], avec deg P = deg Q = p, P et Q sont scindés => p ∑ k=0 P(k) Q(p-k) est scindéThis thesis is devoted to the evolution problem for modified gravity theories. After having explained this problem for General Relativity (GR), we present the n + 1 formalism for ƒ(R) theories, Brans-Dicke and scalar-tensor theories. We recall a known result: the Cauchy problem for these theories is well-posed, and the constraint equations are reduced to those of GR with a matter field. Then we proceed to the same n+1 decomposition for Lovelock and ƒ(Lovelock) theories, the latter being an original result. We show that in the locally conformally flat timesymmetric case, they can be written as the prescription of a sum of σk-curvatures. In order to solve the prescription equation, we introduce a new family of homogeneous semisymmetric polynomials and prove some concavity results for those polynomials. We express the following conjecture: if this is true, we are able to solve the prescription equation in many cases. ∀ P;Q ∈ ℝ[X], avec deg P = deg Q = p, P and Q are real-rooted => p ∑ k=0 P(k) Q(p-k) is real-rooted:
24
Coloigner, Julie. "Line search and trust region strategies for canonical decomposition of semi-nonnegative semi-symmetric tensors." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S172.
Full textAbstract:
Several numerical methods are proposed in this thesis in order to compute the canonical polyadic decomposition of semi-nonnegative semi-symmetric three-way arrays, say with two identical nonnegative loading matrices. Such multi-way arrays are encountered in blind source separation when a set of data cumulant matrices have to be jointly diagonalized in order to identify a nonnegative mixture of independent sources. The proposed solutions belong to two fundamental strategies of optimization: line search and trust region strategies. Each optimization takes into account the semi-symmetry but also the semi-nonnegativity of the processed tensor. The latter constraint is imposed by means of square or exponentional changes of variable, leading to an unconstrained problem. A matrix computation of derivatives is performed for most of the proposed methods, allowing for a straightforward implementation in matrix programming environments. Computer results show a better behaviour of the proposed methods in comparison with the classical Levenberg-Marquardt technique, which uses no a priori information about the considered array. It appears that a joint use of semi-symmetry and semi-nonnegativity improves the performance for low signal to noise ratios but also for rank values greater than dimensions. Our algorithms are also tested, through the semi-nonnegative ICA, on simulated magnetic resonance spectroscopy data and compared to classical independent component analysis and nonnegative matrix factorization methodsPendant cette thèse, des méthodes numériques pour décomposer canoniquement des tableaux d'ordre 3 semi-nonnégatifs et semi-symétriques ont été proposées. Ces tableaux possèdent deux matrices de facteurs identiques à composantes positives. Ils apparaissent en séparation aveugle de sources lorsque l'on souhaite diagonaliser conjointement par congruence un ensemble de tranches matricielles de tableaux d'un mélange nonnégatif de sources independantes. Nous nous sommes intéressés à deux familles d'optimisation : la première est celle de la recherche linéaire, combinant le calcul d'une direction de descente basée sur des dérivées de premier et deuxième ordre à la recherche d'un pas optimal ; la seconde est celle de la région de confiance. Ces familles prennent en compte non seulement l'égalité mais aussi la nonnégativité de deux des trois matrices de facteurs par un changement de variable, carré ou exponentiel, permettant ainsi de se ramener à un problème d'optimisation sans contrainte. Le calcul des dérivées est effectué matriciellement pour la plupart des methodes proposées, ce qui permet une implémentation efficace de ces dernières dans un langage de programmation matricielle. Nos simulations sur des données aléatoires montrent un gain en performance par comparaison avec des méthodes n'exploitant aucun a priori notamment dans des contextes difficiles : faibles valeurs de rapport signal à bruit, collinearité des facteurs, et valeurs de rang excédant la plus grande des dimensions. Nos algorithmes sont aussi testés sur données simulées et semi-simulées de spectroscopie à résonance magnétique dans le cadre de l'analyse en composantes indépendantes (ICA) et comparés à des méthodes classiques d'ICA et de factorisation matricielle nonnégative
25
Kladouchou, Argyri. "Hidden symmetries in general relativity : killing tensors and ansiotropic space-times." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38070.
Full text
26
Dreyer, Henrik [Verfasser], and Jan von [Akademischer Betreuer] Delft. "Symmetries & tensor networks in two-dimensional quantum physics / Henrik Dreyer ; Betreuer: Jan von Delft." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219852384/34.
Full text
27
Câmara, Amanda Souza. "Uma transição assimétrica entre estados simétricos: o alosterismo da Glucosamina 6-fosfato Desaminase." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-18042013-101101/.
Full textAbstract:
Sistemas alostéricos são característicos de proteínas com um ou mais estados de equilíbrio. Nesse sentido, uma enzima passa por modificações de sua atividade quando um substrato cooperativo se liga a um estado ou outro (1). Estes estados são reconhecidos por possuírem uma conformação mais estável e coexistirem num ensemble. Este trabalho sustenta que tais proteínas oscilem naturalmente entre esses estados. Experimentos de difração de raios-X e RMN, que proporcionam parâmetros de deslocamento anisotrópicos e tempos de relaxação de spin nuclear, já demonstram a coexistência de ambos estados em solução e descrevem o movimento como uma mudança de equilíbrio populacional dos confórmeros (2). Também é possível desenvolver métodos numéricos, como o cálculo de modos normais e a simulação de dinâmica molecular, para associar a geometria proteica a um movimento sobre determinado potencial de campos de força. O sistema adotado para o desenvolvimento desses estudos é a enzima alostérica Glucosamina-6-fosfato Desaminase. Características que defendem seu uso são sua reversibilidade catalítica, rápido equilíbrio cinético e muito baixa afinidade do estado T por ligantes. Sua estrutura também já foi resolvida por experimentos de cristalografia, identificando ambos estados alostéricos. E a caracterização das mudanças estruturais entre os estados T e R está bem estabelecida, identificando diferentes subunidades a distintos graus de rotação e prevendo uma oscilação de baixa frequência entre eles (3). Resultados obtidos neste projeto constituem: (a) uma dinâmica de 100ns partindo do estado T de toda a proteína (hexamérica) solvatada explicitamente, formando um ensemble NVT de 92000 átomos através do programa NAMD, usando o campo de forças CHARMM; (b) análise de componentes principais aproveitando esta dinâmica e usando algoritmos do programa Gromacs; (c) e análise de modos normais, em que os cálculos de minimização de energia foram feitos pelo programa Gromacs sob o campo de forças ENCADV, no vácuo. Análises desses resultados envolvem cálculos de RMSDs e flutuações, trajetórias calculadas para os autovetores oriundos de NMA ou de PCA, fatores de Debye-Waller e a confirmação visual (e gráficos de distância entre resíduos) de aproximação a um estado ou outro. Como a prévia caracterização da movimentação alostérica, identificava duas regiões para cada monômero como representativas de corpos rígidos, também é desenvolvida uma análise por tensores de inércia. Espera-se que, ao longo do tempo, essas subunidades se comportem como corpos quase rígidos e os movimentos destas regiões rígidas correspondam a uma maior representatividade da transição alostérica. Assim, a caracterização dos tensores seria capaz de filtrar movimentos de mais alta frequência que constituem ruído em relação a movimentos funcionais da proteína. - Algoritmos para cálculos matriciais dos tensores foram escritos em Fortran e em TCl.Allosteric systems are characteristic of proteins with one or more equilibrium states. Such an enzyme experiences a modification of its activity when a cooperative substrate binds to a state or another, thus, establishing a change in population equilibrium (1). These states are recognized by having a more stable conformation, and they coexist in an ensemble. X-ray diffraction and NMR experiments already demonstrated this dynamic equilibrium, and simulation methods, as molecular dynamics and normal mode analysis, generally provide a more complete proof (2).The allosteric enzyme Glucosamine-6-Phosphate Deaminase appeared to be a good model to better understand the equilibrium dynamics as essential to the protein function, given its reversibility of the catalysis and rapid-equilibrium kinetic mechanism. It also has the structure elucidated for both its conformers (3). A computational approach would now give better perspective on how the conformational changes occur. A set of results of this latter kind were obtained: (a) a 100ns dynamic starting at the hexameric T conformer, explicitly solvated, building a NVT ensemble using NAMD program and CHARMM force field; (b) a principal components analysis making use of the calculated dynamic and of the Gromacs algorithms; (c) and normal mode analysis of the T conformer structure (pdb code 1fsf) minimized with Gromacs program using ENCADV vacuum force field. Not only the conventional analyses for these results (fluctuations and projections) were taken, but also an inertia tensor analysis was developed. As the allosteric conformational change, for this protein, was described by the displacement of only two rigid body subunits³, its description by inertia tensors should act as a filter for the high frequency and functionally uninteresting motions, which normally constitute only noise.
28
Debs, Talal Atif. "Representation and symmetry : an analysis of the tension between objectivity and conventionality in modern physics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248893.
Full text
29
Rydh, David. "Families of cycles and the Chow scheme." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Matematik, Mathematics, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4813.
Full text
30
Wang, Roy Chih Chung. "Adaptive Kernel Functions and Optimization Over a Space of Rank-One Decompositions." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36975.
Full textAbstract:
The representer theorem from the reproducing kernel Hilbert space theory is the origin of many kernel-based machine learning and signal modelling techniques that are popular today. Most kernel functions used in practical applications behave in a homogeneous manner across the domain of the signal of interest, and they are called stationary kernels. One open problem in the literature is the specification of a non-stationary kernel that is computationally tractable. Some recent works solve large-scale optimization problems to obtain such kernels, and they often suffer from non-identifiability issues in their optimization problem formulation. Many practical problems can benefit from using application-specific prior knowledge on the signal of interest. For example, if one can adequately encode the prior assumption that edge contours are smooth, one does not need to learn a finite-dimensional dictionary from a database of sampled image patches that each contains a circular object in order to up-convert images that contain circular edges.
In the first portion of this thesis, we present a novel method for constructing non-stationary kernels that incorporates prior knowledge. A theorem is presented that ensures the result of this construction yields a symmetric and positive-definite kernel function. This construction does not require one to solve any non-identifiable optimization problems. It does require one to manually design some portions of the kernel while deferring the specification of the remaining portions to when an observation of the signal is available. In this sense, the resultant kernel is adaptive to the data observed. We give two examples of this construction technique via the grayscale image up-conversion task where we chose to incorporate the prior assumption that edge contours are smooth. Both examples use a novel local analysis algorithm that summarizes the p-most dominant directions for a given grayscale image patch. The non-stationary properties of these two types of kernels are empirically demonstrated on the Kodak image database that is popular within the image processing research community.
Tensors and tensor decomposition methods are gaining popularity in the signal processing and machine learning literature, and most of the recently proposed tensor decomposition methods are based on the tensor power and alternating least-squares algorithms, which were both originally devised over a decade ago. The algebraic approach for the canonical polyadic (CP) symmetric tensor decomposition problem is an exception. This approach exploits the bijective relationship between symmetric tensors and homogeneous polynomials. The solution of a CP symmetric tensor decomposition problem is a set of p rank-one tensors, where p is fixed. In this thesis, we refer to such a set of tensors as a rank-one decomposition with cardinality p. Existing works show that the CP symmetric tensor decomposition problem is non-unique in the general case, so there is no bijective mapping between a rank-one decomposition and a symmetric tensor. However, a proposition in this thesis shows that a particular space of rank-one decompositions, SE, is isomorphic to a space of moment matrices that are called quasi-Hankel matrices in the literature.
Optimization over Riemannian manifolds is an area of optimization literature that is also gaining popularity within the signal processing and machine learning community. Under some settings, one can formulate optimization problems over differentiable manifolds where each point is an equivalence class. Such manifolds are called quotient manifolds. This type of formulation can reduce or eliminate some of the sources of non-identifiability issues for certain optimization problems. An example is the learning of a basis for a subspace by formulating the solution space as a type of quotient manifold called the Grassmann manifold, while the conventional formulation is to optimize over a space of full column rank matrices.
The second portion of this thesis is about the development of a general-purpose numerical optimization framework over SE. A general-purpose numerical optimizer can solve different approximations or regularized versions of the CP decomposition problem, and they can be applied to tensor-related applications that do not use a tensor decomposition formulation. The proposed optimizer uses many concepts from the Riemannian optimization literature. We present a novel formulation of SE as an embedded differentiable submanifold of the space of real-valued matrices with full column rank, and as a quotient manifold. Riemannian manifold structures and tangent space projectors are derived as well. The CP symmetric tensor decomposition problem is used to empirically demonstrate that the proposed scheme is indeed a numerical optimization framework over SE. Future investigations will concentrate on extending the proposed optimization framework to handle decompositions that correspond to non-symmetric tensors.
31
Le, Diffon Arnaud. "Supergravités jaugées et symétrie locale d'échelle." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0570.
Full textAbstract:
To address the problem of the unification of the four fundamental interactions, numerous works have been proposed. String theory could be a good answer. Compared to quantum field theory (QFT), describing annihilation and creation of point-particles, string theory describes the dynamics of one-dimensional strings. It has also been found that local supersymmetric field theories, known as supergravities, are low-energy limit of string theories. The use of supersymmetry, which relates bosons and fermions in the same framework, improves the quantum behaviour of field theories, and is necessary to string theory for mathematical consistency reasons. The edification of the standard model of particle physics is based on QFTs with non-abelian gauge symmetries, known as Yang- Mills theories. In the perspective of the unification of the four interactions, supergravities with nonabelian gauge interactions are relevant effective field theories. Using a systematic method to generate non-abelian gauged supergravities, this thesis completes the classification of gauged supergravities by including a local scaling symmetry. The formalism of the embedding tensor is used to build a local gauge group from the global symmetries of supergravity theory. These particular theories including a local scaling symmetry are submitted to new constraints and they do no longer possess an action. Consequently, we are led to build the gauged theory at the level of the equations of motion. An interesting consequence of gauged supergravities with local scaling symmetry is the presence of a positive contribution to the scalar potential in Einstein equations, which could lead to de Sitter vacuum solutionsPour répondre au problème de l'unification des interactions fondamentales, de nombreux travaux ont été proposés, et parmi eux la théorie des cordes. La théorie quantique des champs décrit les annihilations et créations de particules ponctuelles. En revanche, la théorie des cordes décrit la dynamique d'objets unidimensionnels. De plus, les théories des champs présentant unesupersymétrie locale (supergravités) sont des limites de basse énergie de théories de cordes. La supersymétrie, reliant bosons et fermions, améliore considérablement le comportement quantique des théories de champs, et demeure un élément essentiel de la théorie des cordes. La construction du modèle standard de la physique des particules fait appel à la théorie quantique des champs en présence de symétries de jauge non-abéliennes de type Yang-Mills. Dans la perspective d'unifier les interactions, la supergravité en présence de symétries de jauge non abélienne est une théorie effective pertinente. Dans cette thèse, nous complétons la classification des théories de supergravités jaugées en présence d'une symétrie locale d'échelle. Le formalisme de « l'Embedding Tensor » nous permet de construire un groupe de jauge local à partir des symétries globales de la supergravité. Ces théories particulières incluant une symétrie locale d'échelle sont soumises à des contraintes supplémentaires et modifiées, et ne possèdent plus d'action. Par conséquent, nous sommes contraints de travailler avec les équations du mouvement de la théorie. Une conséquence intéressante de ces théories est une contribution positive au potentiel scalaire dans les équations d'Einstein, ce qui serait le signe de solutions de Sitter
32
LIMA, NELSON B. de. "Influencia da textura em medidas de tensao residual." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1991. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10293.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:36:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 04491.pdf: 3155069 bytes, checksum: aa854e4a23f31eb334f216ec1ea726c2 (MD5)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
33
Tarpanov, Dimitar. "Single-particle and collective excitations in a Skyrme mean field approach." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112208.
Full textAbstract:
Le sujet de la thèse est une description théorique et self-consistante de propriétés de noyaux atomiques instables, ainsi que l’étude de l’influence de la structure en couches sur les états de symétrie mixte (ESM). Le but général est de rendre compte de façon microscopique de la structure et des excitations de noyaux atomiques que l’on peut produire à présent auprès des installations faisceaux radioactifs (GANIL, GSI). L’étude des ESM vise à préciser la relation entre la structure microscopique et la symétrie de F-spin dans les noyaux vibrationnels. La base de notre description est le modèle de Skyrme-Hartree-Fock avec un terme tenseur dans l’interaction. Les calculs sont faits pour les chaînes isotopiques Z=14 et Z=50, et les chaînes isotoniques N=28 et N=82. Nous montrons que la composante tenseur de la force est déterminante pour l’évolution de la fermeture de couche dans la chaîne Z=14, tandis qu’elle ne joue qu’un faible rôle dans la fermeture de couche à travers la chaîne N=28. Nous avons ensuite accompli une étude systématique des excitations dipolaires dites résonances Pygmées dans le cadre du modèle QRPA. Le phénomène de « peau de neutrons » a aussi été étudié dans les noyaux riches en neutrons. Dans la dernière partie de la thèse nous avons étudié pour la première fois les ESM dans les noyaux autour de N=80 en utilisant le modèle QPM. Nous avons réussi à décrire dans ce cadre les résultats expérimentaux récents obtenus sur le spectre à basse énergie du noyau 138CeSubject of the thesis is the theoretical description of effects in neutron rich nuclei, within a self-consistent approach, as well as the investigation of the influence of the shell structure on the Mixed Symmetry States. The scientific goal is, within a microscopic method, to describe the structure and the excitations of atomic nuclei, which are now available at the radioactive ion facilities at GANIL and GSI. The topic of the Mixed Symmetry States investigation is to specify the mechanism by which the microscopic structure influences the F-spin symmetry in vibrational nuclei. In the development of the thesis, a SHF model has been used. An additional tensor term has been explicitly included. Calculations for the isotopic chains Z=14 and Z=50 as well as for the isotonic chains N=28, 82 have been performed. It was shown that the tensor term is indeed crucial for the evolution of the shell gap with the mass number for Z=14. On the other hand, it was proved that the tensor term has no influence on the shell gap for N=28. By the means of QRPA, a systematical study of slightly collective excitations — the so called Pygmy resonance has been done. Theoretically was investigated the appearance of a structure in neutron rich nuclei known as “neutron skin”. In the framework of QPM it was done a complete survey of MSS for nuclei in the N=80 region. For a first time a microscopical description of such structures in this region has been done. In the framework of this model a description of the recent experimental data on low-lying excitations in 138Ce has been done
34
Rouvel, David. "Essai sur les symétries géométriques et les transitions de forme du noyau de l'atome." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE032/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les symétries géométriques en usage en physique nucléaire sont assez peu variées, essentiellement la symétrie de l’ellipsoïde triaxial. On propose donc une méthode rigoureuse permettant d’étudier l’évolution et la possibilité de l’existence de symétries nouvelles dont la symétrie tétraédrique. Le formalisme de l’équation de SCHRÖDINGER est replacé dans le cadre des espaces de RIEMANN. Ce formalisme est utilisé dans le contexte du noyau de l’atome où l’on applique la théorie du champ moyen alliée à l’approximation adiabatique. Le noyau est le siège de deux catégories de mouvements adiabatiquement séparés, le mouvement rapide des nucléons dans le champ moyen, et le mouvement collectif modifiant lentement le champ moyen. Le second est régi par une équation de SCHRÖDINGER collective qui prend place dans un espace dont la métrique est donnée par le tenseur de masse. L’étude de la géométrie du noyau est alors calculable à l’aide de deux grands programmes développés dans le cadre de la thèseThe geometrical symmetries used in nuclear physics are not very diversified, essentially the symmetry of the triaxial ellipsoid. One proposes therefore a rigourous method allowing to study the temporal evolution and the possibility of the existence of new symmetries among them the tetrahedral symmetry. The formalism of SCHRÖDINGER equation is reformulated in the framework of RIEMANN’s spaces. This formalism is used in the context of the atomic nucleus where one applies the mean-field theory combined with the adiabatic approximation. The nucleus is the terrain of two types of motions adiabatically separated, the quick motion of the nucleons in the mean-field and the collective motion modifying slowly the meanfield. The second one is governed by a collective SCHRÖDINGER equation written down in a space whose metric is given by the mass tensor. The study of the nucleus geometry is then computable with the help of two big programs developped within the thesis
35
Muduli, Pranaba Kishor. "Ferromagnetic thin films of Fe and Fe 3 Si on low-symmetric GaAs(113)A substrates." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15473.
Full textAbstract:
In dieser Arbeit werden das Wachstum mittels Molekularstrahlepitaxie und die Eigenschaften der Ferromagneten Fe und Fe_3Si auf niedrig-symmetirschen GaAs(113)A-Substraten studiert. Drei wichtige Aspekte werden untersucht: (i) Wachstum und strukturelle Charakterisierung, (ii) magnetische Eigenschaften und (iii) Magnetotransporteigenschaften der Fe und Fe_3Si Schichten auf GaAs(113)A-Substraten. Das Wachstum der Fe- und Fe_3Si-Schichten wurde bei einer Wachstumstemperatur von = bzw. 250 °C optimiert. Bei diesen Wachstumstemperaturen zeigen die Schichten eine hohe Kristallperfektion und glatte Grenz- und Oberflächen analog zu [001]-orientierten Schichten. Weiterhin wurde die Stabilität der Fe_(3+x)Si_(1-x) Phase über einen weiten Kompositionsbereich innerhalb der Fe_3Si-Stoichiometry demonstriert. Die Abhängigkeit der magnetischen Anisotropie innerhalb der Schichtebene von der Schichtdicke weist zwei Bereiche auf: einen Beresich mit dominanter uniaxialer Anisotropie für Fe-Schichten = 70 MLs. Weiterhin wird eine magnetische Anisotropie senkrecht zur Schichtebene in sehr dünnen Schichten gefunden. Der Grenzflächenbeitrag sowohl der uniaxialen als auch der senkrechten Anisotropiekonstanten, die aus der Dickenabhängigkeit bestimmt wurden, sind unabhängig von der [113]-Orientierung und eine inhärente Eigenschaft der Fe/GaAs-Grenzfläche. Die anisotrope Bindungskonfiguration zwischen den Fe und den As- oder Ga-Atomen an der Grenzfläche wird als Ursache für die uniaxiale magnetische Anisotropie betrachtet. Die magnetische Anisotropie der Fe_3Si-Schichten auf GaAs(113)A-Substraten zeigt ein komplexe Abhängigkeit von der Wachstumsbedingungen und der Komposition der Schichten. In den Magnetotransportuntersuchungen tritt sowohl in Fe(113)- als auch in Fe_3Si(113)-Schichten eine antisymmetrische Komponente (ASC) im planaren Hall-Effekt (PHE) auf. Ein phänomenologisches Modell, dass auf der Kristallsymmetrie basiert, liefert ein gute Beschreibung sowohl der ASC im PHE als auch des symmetrischen, anisotropen Magnetowiderstandes. Das Modell zeigt, dass die beobachtete ASC als Hall-Effekt zweiter Ordnung beschreiben werden kann.In this work, the molecular-beam epitaxial growth and properties of ferromagnets, namely Fe and Fe_3Si are studied on low-symmetric GaAs(113)A substrates. Three important aspects are investigated: (i) growth and structural characterization, (ii) magnetic properties, and (iii) magnetotransport properties of Fe and Fe_3Si films on GaAs(113)A substrates. The growth of Fe and Fe_3Si films is optimized at growth temperatures of 0 and 250 degree Celsius, respectively, where the layers exhibit high crystal quality and a smooth interface/surface similar to the [001]-oriented films. The stability of Fe_(3+x)Si_(1-x) phase over a range of composition around the Fe_3Si stoichiometry is also demonstrated. The evolution of the in-plane magnetic anisotropy with film thickness exhibits two regions: a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) for Fe film thicknesses = 70 MLs. The existence of an out-of-plane perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is also detected in ultrathin Fe films. The interfacial contribution of both the uniaxial and the perpendicular anisotropy constants, derived from the thickness-dependent study, are found to be independent of the [113] orientation and are hence an inherent property of the Fe/GaAs interface. The origin of the UMA is attributed to anisotropic bonding between Fe and As or Ga at the interface, similarly to Fe/GaAs(001). The magnetic anisotropy in Fe_3Si on GaAs(113)A exhibits a complex dependence on the growth conditions and composition. Magnetotransport measurements of both Fe(113) and Fe_3Si(113) films shows the striking appearance of an antisymmetric component (ASC) in the planar Hall effect (PHE). A phenomenological model based on the symmetry of the crystal provides a good explanation to both the ASC in the PHE as well as the symmetric anisotropic magnetoresistance. The model shows that the observed ASC component can be ascribed to a second-order Hall effect.
36
Costa, Leandro Luiz Húngaro [UNESP]. "Um estudo das componentes simétricas generalizadas em sistemas trifásicos não senoidais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87184.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2012-07-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:09:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
costa_llh_me_bauru.pdf: 1092988 bytes, checksum: 490b62551f9555ff7b869527de5680f6 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo dos fenômenos de desequilíbrio e assimetria que podem ocorrer em sistemas trifásicos, no qual foram estudadas duas abordagens. A primeira delas é a abordagem tradicional de análise de fenômenos de desequilíbrio e assimetria, proposta por Fortescue, denominadas Componentes Simétricas ou Componentes de Sequência. Essa proposta desenvolvida no domínio da frequência foi estudada também no domínio do tempo, após sua adaptação. Isso porque as componentes simétricas generalizadas, nova abordagem de análise de desequilíbrio, está desenvolvida no domínio do tempo. Ambas as propostas de análise do desequilíbrio e assimetria trifásicos são aplicadas à sistemas trifásicos periódicos não senoidais. Enquanto que as componentes simétricas de Fortescue, para serem calculadas, necessitam que o sistema trifásico não senoidal seja decomposto nas harmônicas da série de Fourier, as componentes simétricas generalizadas podem ser aplicadas diretamente ao sistema não senoidal. O desenvolvimento de ambas as abordagens para um sistema periódico não senoidal resulta em relação entre ambas as propostas de análise de desequilíbrio e assimetria As relações entre as componentes simétricas generalizadas e as componentes simétricas de Fortescue são a principal contribuição deste trabalho. Baseado nas componentes simétricas generalizadas, novos indicadores de desequilíbrio são propostos. Os novos indicadores são comparados com os indicadores de desequilíbrio clássicos, os quais foram desenvolvidos a partir da proposta de Fortescue. Por fim, uma aplicação é desenvolvida na qual foram aplicados os conceitos estudados. Nesta aplicação, uma tensão trifásica não senoidal desequilibrada alimenta um motor de indução trifásico
This work presents a study of the phenomena of unbalance and asymmetry which may occur in three-phase systems which two approaches were studied. The first one is the traditional approach of analysis of phenomena of unbalance and asymmetry, proposed by Fortescue, called Symmetrical Components or Sequence Components. This proposal developed in the frequency domain was also studied in the time domain after adaptation. This because of the generalized symmetrical components, new approach to the analysis of unbalance and asymmetry is developed in the time domain. Both proposals for analysis if the unbalance and asymmetry in three-phase systems are applied to the periodic non-sinusoidal three-phase systems. While the symmetrical components of Fortescue, to be calculated, require that the non-sinusoidal three-phase system is decomposed into harmonic Fourier series, the generalized symmetrical components can be applied directly to the non-sinusoidal system. The development of both approaches to a periodic non-sinusoidal system results in relationships between both proposals for analysis of unbalance and asymmetry. The relationships between the symmetrical components and the generalized symmetrical components of Fortescue are the main contribution of this work. Based on the generalized symmetrical components, new indicators of unbalance are proposed. The new new indicators are compared with the classical indicators of unbalance, which were developed from the proposed Fortescue. Finally, an application is developed with the concepts studied. In this application, an unbalanced non-sinusoidal three-phase voltage supplies a three-phase induction motor
37
Costa, Leandro Luiz Húngaro. "Um estudo das componentes simétricas generalizadas em sistemas trifásicos não senoidais /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87184.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Paulo José Amaral SerniBanca: Claudionor Francisco do Nascimento
Banca: Fernando Pinhabel Marafão
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo dos fenômenos de desequilíbrio e assimetria que podem ocorrer em sistemas trifásicos, no qual foram estudadas duas abordagens. A primeira delas é a abordagem tradicional de análise de fenômenos de desequilíbrio e assimetria, proposta por Fortescue, denominadas Componentes Simétricas ou Componentes de Sequência. Essa proposta desenvolvida no domínio da frequência foi estudada também no domínio do tempo, após sua adaptação. Isso porque as componentes simétricas generalizadas, nova abordagem de análise de desequilíbrio, está desenvolvida no domínio do tempo. Ambas as propostas de análise do desequilíbrio e assimetria trifásicos são aplicadas à sistemas trifásicos periódicos não senoidais. Enquanto que as componentes simétricas de Fortescue, para serem calculadas, necessitam que o sistema trifásico não senoidal seja decomposto nas harmônicas da série de Fourier, as componentes simétricas generalizadas podem ser aplicadas diretamente ao sistema não senoidal. O desenvolvimento de ambas as abordagens para um sistema periódico não senoidal resulta em relação entre ambas as propostas de análise de desequilíbrio e assimetria As relações entre as componentes simétricas generalizadas e as componentes simétricas de Fortescue são a principal contribuição deste trabalho. Baseado nas componentes simétricas generalizadas, novos indicadores de desequilíbrio são propostos. Os novos indicadores são comparados com os indicadores de desequilíbrio clássicos, os quais foram desenvolvidos a partir da proposta de Fortescue. Por fim, uma aplicação é desenvolvida na qual foram aplicados os conceitos estudados. Nesta aplicação, uma tensão trifásica não senoidal desequilibrada alimenta um motor de indução trifásico
Abstract: This work presents a study of the phenomena of unbalance and asymmetry which may occur in three-phase systems which two approaches were studied. The first one is the traditional approach of analysis of phenomena of unbalance and asymmetry, proposed by Fortescue, called Symmetrical Components or Sequence Components. This proposal developed in the frequency domain was also studied in the time domain after adaptation. This because of the generalized symmetrical components, new approach to the analysis of unbalance and asymmetry is developed in the time domain. Both proposals for analysis if the unbalance and asymmetry in three-phase systems are applied to the periodic non-sinusoidal three-phase systems. While the symmetrical components of Fortescue, to be calculated, require that the non-sinusoidal three-phase system is decomposed into harmonic Fourier series, the generalized symmetrical components can be applied directly to the non-sinusoidal system. The development of both approaches to a periodic non-sinusoidal system results in relationships between both proposals for analysis of unbalance and asymmetry. The relationships between the symmetrical components and the generalized symmetrical components of Fortescue are the main contribution of this work. Based on the generalized symmetrical components, new indicators of unbalance are proposed. The new new indicators are compared with the classical indicators of unbalance, which were developed from the proposed Fortescue. Finally, an application is developed with the concepts studied. In this application, an unbalanced non-sinusoidal three-phase voltage supplies a three-phase induction motor
Mestre
38
Wang, Xuerui, and Li Zhao. "Navigation and Automatic Ground Mapping by Rover Robot." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-6185.
Full textAbstract:
This project is mainly based on mosaicing of images and similarity measurements with different methods. The map of a floor is created from a database of small-images that have been captured by a camera-mounted robot scanning the wooden floor of a living room. We call this ground mapping. After the ground mapping, the robot can achieve self-positioning on the map by using novel small images it captures as it displaces on the ground. Similarity measurements based on the Schwartz inequality have been used to achieve the ground mapping, as well as to position the robot once the ground map is available. Because the natural light affects the gray value of images, this effect must be accounted for in the envisaged similarity measurements. A new approach to mosaicing is suggested. It uses the local texture orientation, instead of the original gray values, in ground mapping as well as in positioning. Additionally, we report on ground mapping results using other features, gray-values as features. The robot can find its position with few pixel errors by using the novel approach and similarity measurements based on the Schwartz inequality.
39
Demeaux, Julien. "Impact des phénomènes aux interfaces électrode/électrolyte sur les performances des batteries Li-ion haute tension : faiblesses et atouts des électrolytes à base de carbonates d'alkyles et de sulfones face aux électrodes LiNi0,4Mn1,6 O4 et Li4Ti5O12." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4032/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les accumulateurs LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 (LNMO)/Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), permettent d’atteindre théoriquement les densités de puissance et d’énergie fournissant une autonomie suffisante aux véhicules électriques. Cependant, deux problèmes majeurs liés à LNMO limitent leurs performances : l’oxydation prononcée des électrolytes à base de carbonates d’alkyles et la dissolution d’ions de métaux de transition (Mn2+, Ni2+). Les formulations à base de carbonate d’éthylène (EC) ont une aptitude à former des films polymères couvrant la matière active. Les cyclages galvanostatiques, faisant suite ou non à un stockage, confirment la supériorité de ces électrolytes, conduisant à des pertes de capacité réduites de l’électrode LNMO. D’autre part, les sulfones sont des composés prometteurs pour une utilisation dans les batteries LNMO/LTO. L’emploi de cellules symétriques et asymétriques démontre que les sulfones sont non-réactives vis-à-vis des interfaces LNMO/électrolyte et LTO/électrolyte. Cependant, cette non-réactivité ne permet pas le dépôt de films polymères qui auraient permis de stopper la dissolution d’ions Mn2+ et Ni2+ à partir de l’électrode positive. Ceci résulte en des performances dégradées à 30°C des accumulateurs par rapport à ceux employant EC dans les électrolytesLiNi0.4Mn1.6O4 (LNMO)/Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) accumulators should theoretically achieve the power and energy densities that provide sufficient autonomy to electric vehicles. However, two major issues related to the use of LNMO limit their performances: the pronounced oxidation of the alkylcarbonate-based electrolytes and the transition metal ion (Mn2+, Ni2+) dissolution. The ethylene carbonate (EC)-based formulations get an ability to form polymer-covering films onto the active material. The galvanostatic cycling tests, after storage or not, confirm the superiority of these electrolytes, leading to reduced capacity losses of the LNMO electrode. Furthermore, sulfones are promising compounds to be applied to LNMO/LTO batteries. The use of symmetric and asymmetric cells demonstrates that sulfones are non-reactive towards the LNMO/electrolyte and LTO/electrolyte interfaces. However, this non-reactivity does not allow the deposition of polymer films, which would have enabled to stop the Mn2+ and Ni2+ dissolution from the positive electrode. This results in degraded performances of batteries at 30°C compared to those using EC in electrolytes
40
Nicolau, González Guillermo. "Cortocircuitos en redes AT e impactos en distribución MT." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83709.
Full textAbstract:
L’extensa implantació del control digital als entorns industrials, científics, comercials, professionals i domèstics ha revelat, d’ençà dues dècades, la gran sensibilitat d’aquests dispositius davant sobtats i breus descensos de tensió al subministrament elèctric de xarxa: aturades de plantes a processos productius, re – arrancades a processadors i sistemes de telecomunicació, etc.; i la causa sol esdevenir aparentment inexplicable pels usuaris. La normalització de les conseqüències, però, pot equivaler a un dia sencer de producció nul•la.
L’ínfima correlació mostrada pels fenòmens esmentats amb anomalies al sistema elèctric proper (un client pot patir sèries conseqüències, per bé que el client veí només ha percebut una oscil•lació a l’enlluernat, i tots dos comparteixen la mateixa escomesa) sumada amb l’absència contrastada d’interrupció elèctrica suposà, al començament, un major grau d’incertesa, no només pels consumidors; també per a les empreses elèctriques.
Fou necessari analitzar el problema en les seves vessants “microscòpica” i “macroscòpica” per a determinar la causa eficient: registrar la forma d’ona al punt de subministrament afectat i fer l’inventari de tots els incidents al Sistema Elèctric del mateix moment.
La causa: els sots de tensió produïts per incidents elèctrics a xarxes remotes respecte el subministrament. Davallades sobtades (entre el 80 i el 10% del valor nominal) i ràpides (entre 10 ms i 1 s) al valor eficaç de la tensió subministrada, sense pas per “Zero”, produïdes, principalment, per curt - circuits perfectament detectats i eliminats a xarxes d’Alta Tensió (AT), molt allunyats de la conseqüència observada. A Catalunya, hom comptabilitzen afectacions davant curt - circuits a les interconnexions amb l’Aragó, Castelló i França.
La present Tesi Doctoral estableix:
• La metodologia per a modelar el Sistema Elèctric de Potència;
• La sistematització del binomi causa (curt - circuit) – efecte (sot de tensió);
• La personalització estadística de risc pel sot de tensió segons comarques;
• Un sistema de protecció eficaç per a limitar la durada dels sots.
La metodologia ha estat enfocada a la utilització sistemàtica, tal que per a cada curt - circuit esdevingut a la xarxa AT es pugui establir, en temps real, las capçaleres de subministrament afectades pel sot de tensió, així com la magnitud i la durada del mateix.
L’entorn d’aplicació triat ha estat el Sistema Elèctric de Catalunya, per bé que la metodologia i sistemàtica són exportables, de forma natural, a qualsevol altre sistema elèctric trifàsic de corrent altern.La implantación masiva del control digital en entornos industriales, científicos, comerciales, profesionales y domésticos ha puesto de manifiesto, durante los últimos veinte años, la gran sensibilidad de los mismos ante súbitos y breves descensos de tensión en la alimentación eléctrica procedente de la red: paradas de planta en procesos productivos, re – arranques en procesadores y sistemas de telecomunicación tienen lugar; y la causa de los mismos suele ser aparentemente inexplicable para los usuarios. La normalización de las consecuencias, en ocasiones, equivale a un día de producción nula. La escasa correlación mostrada por dichos fenómenos con anomalías en el sistema eléctrico cercano (un cliente padece consecuencias serias, mientras que el cliente vecino solamente ha percibido una oscilación en el alumbrado y ambos se alimentan del mismo tramo eléctrico) sumada con la ausencia contrastada de interrupción eléctrica supuso, en los inicios, un mayor grado de incertidumbre tanto para los consumidores como para las empresas eléctricas. Fue necesario analizar el problema a nivel “microscópico” y “macroscópico” para determinar la causa eficiente: registrar la forma de onda en el punto de suministro afectado y revisar todos los incidentes habidos en el Sistema Eléctrico en dicho instante. La causa: los huecos de tensión producidos por incidentes eléctricos en redes alejadas del suministro. Descensos súbitos (entre el 80 y el 10% del valor nominal) y rápidos (entre 10 ms y 1 s) en el valor eficaz de la tensión suministrada, sin paso por “cero” de la misma, producidos, principalmente, por cortocircuitos perfectamente detectados y eliminados en redes de Alta Tensión (AT), y situados muy lejos de la consecuencia observada. En el caso de Catalunya, se han contabilizado afectaciones ante cortocircuitos en interconexiones con Aragón, Castellón de la Plana y Francia. La presente Tesis Doctoral establece: • La metodología para modelar el Sistema Eléctrico de Potencia; • La sistematización para el binomio causa (cortocircuito) – efecto (hueco); • La personalización del riesgo estadístico de hueco vs. comarcas; • Un sistema protectivo eficaz para limitar duración de los huecos. Dicha metodología se ha orientado a la utilización sistemática, tal que para cada cortocircuito que tenga lugar en la red AT pueda establecerse, en tiempo real, las cabeceras de suministro afectadas por hueco de tensión, la magnitud y la duración del mismo. Como entorno de aplicación, se ha utilizado el Sistema Eléctrico de Catalunya, si bien la metodología y sistematización son exportables, de forma natural, a cualquier otro sistema eléctrico trifásico de corriente alterna.
The massive introduction of digital control in industrial, scientific, commercial, professional and domestic environments has revealed, over the last twenty years, the great sensitivity of them to sudden and short voltage dips in the electrical power grid: shutdowns of productive process plants, re - starts of processors and telecommunications systems take place, and the cause of them is often apparently inexplicable to the users. The normalization of the consequences sometimes is equivalent to a day without production. The weak correlation shown by these phenomena with anomalies in the nearby electrical system (i.e. in the same portion of a common distribution network, a customer may suffer serious consequences, while the adjacent customer has only percept a swing in the lighting) together with the absence of electrical power interruption represented, in the beginning, a great degree of uncertainty for both consumers and utilities. It was necessary to analyze the problem at the "microscopic" and "macroscopic" levels to determine the efficient cause: record the waveform at the affected plants and review all the disturbances occurred in the Power System at the same instant of time. The cause: voltage dips caused by electrical disturbances away from the supply. Sudden decreases (between 80 and 10% of the nominal value) and fast (between 10 ms and 1 s) in the supplied rms voltage, produced mainly by short-circuits perfectly detected and eliminated in High Voltage (HV) networks, and located far away from the observed consequence. In the case of Catalonia, affectations due to short-circuits in interconnects with Aragon, Castellón de la Plana and France have been recorded. This thesis provides: • A methodology useful to model the Power System; • A systematic analysis for cause – effect: from short – circuit to voltage dip; • A particularization voltage dip statistic risk for each county; • A reliable protective system to ensure time – limitation for voltage dips. The presented methodology is oriented to the systematic use, such that for every short - circuit that takes place in the HV network, the magnitude and duration of voltage dips that appear in the distribution can be established in real-time. As the application framework, the Catalan Power System is used, although the methodology and systematization are exportable, to any other alternating three-phase power system.
41
Oubrahim, Zakarya. "On electric grid power quality monitoring using parametric signal processing techniques." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0102/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse porte sur la surveillance des perturbations de la qualité de l’énergie d’un réseau électrique via des techniques paramétriques de traitement du signal. Pour élaborer nos algorithmes de traitement du signal, nous avons traité les problèmes d’estimation des différentes grandeurs du réseau électrique triphasé et de classification des perturbations de la qualité d'énergie. Pour ce qui est du problème d’estimation, nous avons développé une technique statistique basée sur le maximum de vraisemblance. La technique proposée exploite la nature multidimensionnelle des signaux électriques. Elle utilise un algorithme d’optimisation pour minimiser la fonction de vraisemblance. L’algorithme utilisé permet d’améliorer les performances d’estimation tout en étant d’une faible complexité calculatoire en comparaison aux algorithmes classiques. Une analyse plus poussée de l’estimateur proposé a été effectuée. Plus précisément, ses performances sont évaluées sous un environnement incluant entre autres la pollution harmonique et interharmonique et le bruit. Les performances sont également comparées aux exigences de la norme IEEE C37.118.2011. La problématique de classification dans les réseaux électriques triphasés a plus particulièrement concerné les perturbations que sont les creux de tension et les surtensions. La technique de classification proposée consiste globalement en deux étapes : 1) une pré-classification du signal dans l’une des 4 préclasses établis et en 2) une classification du type de perturbation à l’aide de l’estimation des composants symétriques.Les performances du classificateur proposé ont été évaluées, entre autres, pour différentes nombre de cycles, de SNR et de THD. L’estimateur et le classificateur proposés ont été validés en simulation et en utilisant les données d’un réseau électrique réel du DOE/EPRI National Database of Power System Events. Les résultats obtenus illustrent clairement l’efficacité des algorithmes proposés quand à leur utilisation comme outil de surveillance de la qualité d’énergieThis thesis deals with electric grid monitoring of power quality (PQ) disturbances using parametric signal processing techniques. The first contribution is devoted to the parametric spectral estimation approach for signal parameter extraction. The proposed approach exploits the multidimensional nature of the electrical signals.For spectral estimation, it uses an optimization algorithm to minimize the likelihood function. In particular, this algorithm allows to improve the estimation accuracy and has lower computational complexity than classical algorithms. An in-depth analysis of the proposed estimator has been performed. Specifically, the estimator performances are evaluated under noisy, harmonic, interharmonic, and off-nominal frequency environment. These performances are also compared with the requirements of the IEEE Standard C37.118.2011. The achieved results have shown that the proposed approach is an attractive choice for PQ measurement devices such as phasor measurement units (PMUs). The second contribution deals with the classification of power quality disturbances in three-phase power systems. Specifically, this approach focuses on voltage sag and swell signatures. The proposed classification approach is based on two main steps: 1) the signal pre-classification into one of 4 pre-classes and 2) the signature type classification using the estimate of the symmetrical components. The classifier performances have been evaluated for different data length, signal to noise ratio, interharmonic, and total harmonic distortion. The proposed estimator and classifier are validated using real power system data obtained from the DOE/EPRI National Database of Power System Events. The achieved simulations and experimental results clearly illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques for PQ monitoring purpose
42
Phan, Anh Tuan. "Power Systems Model Developments for Power Qality Monitoring : Application to Fundamental Frequency and Unbalance Estimation." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH8692/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les énergies renouvelables, l’énergie sous la forme électrique et son transport à l’aide de réseaux électriques intelligents représentent aujourd’hui des enjeux majeurs car ils ont de grands impacts environnementaux et sociétaux. Ainsi, la production, le transport et la gestion de l’énergie électrique, continuent toujours à susciter un intérêt croissant. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, plusieurs verrous technologiques doivent être levés. Au-delà des questions liées aux architectures des réseaux électriques, aux modèles, aux outils de dimensionnement, à la formalisation de caractéristiques et d’indicateurs, aux contraintes et aux critères, à la gestion et à la production décentralisée, la qualité de la puissance électrique est centrale pour la fiabilité de l’ensemble du système de distribution. Les perturbations affectent la qualité des signaux électriques et peuvent provoquer des conséquences graves sur les autres équipements connectés au réseau. Les travaux de cette thèse s’inscrivent dans ce contexte et de fait ils sont orientés vers le développement de modèles, d’indicateurs et de méthodes de traitement des signaux dédiés à la surveillance en temps-réel des performances des réseaux de distribution électrique.Cette thèse analyse la qualité de la puissance électrique, en prenant en compte plusieurs caractéristiques bien connues ainsi que leur pertinence. Les modèles des systèmes électriques et les méthodes de traitement du signal pour estimer leurs paramètres sont étudiés pour des applications en temps-réel de surveillance, de diagnostic et de contrôle sous diverses conditions. Parmi tous, la fréquence fondamentale est l’un des paramètres les plus importants pour caractériser un système de distribution électrique. En effet, sa valeur qui est censée être une constante, varie en permanence et reflète la dynamique de l’énergie électrique disponible. La fréquence peut également être affectée par certaines productions d’énergie renouvelable et peut être influencée par des mauvaises synchronisations de certains équipements. En outre, la puissance absorbée par les charges ou produite par des sources est généralement différente d’une phase à l’autre. Évidemment, la plupart des installations électriques existantes avec plusieurs phases, qu’elles soient résidentielles ou industrielles, travaillent dans des conditions déséquilibrées. Identifier les composantes symétriques de tension est dans ce cas un moyen pertinent pour quantifier le déséquilibre entre les phases d’un système électrique.De nouvelles représentations de type espace d’état et modélisant des systèmes électriques sont proposées pour estimer la fréquence fondamentale et pour identifier les composantes symétriques de tension des systèmes électriques triphasés et déséquilibrés. Le premier modèle d’espace d’état proposé considère la fréquence fondamentale comme connue ou obtenue par un autre estimateur. En contrepartie, il fournit les autres paramètres caractérisant le système électrique. Un second modèle d’état-espace est introduit. Il est original dans le sens où il ne nécessite aucune connaissance de la fréquence fondamentale. Une de ses variables d’état est directement reliée à la fréquence et permet donc de la déduire. En outre, ce nouvel espace d’état est parfaitement capable de représenter des systèmes électriques à trois phases équilibrés et non équilibrés. [...]Renewable energy, electricity and smart grids are core subjects as they have great environmental and societal impacts. Thus, generating, transporting and managing electric energy, i.e., power, still continue to drive a growing interest. In order to properly achieve these goals, several locks must be removed. Beyond issues related to the distribution architecture, the formalization of models, sizing tools, features and indicators, constraints and criteria, decentralized generation and energy management, power quality is central for the whole grid’s reliability. Disturbances affect the power quality and can cause serious impact on other equipment connected to the grid. The work of this thesis is part of this context and focuses on the development of models, indicators, and signal processing methods for power quality monitoring in time-varying power distribution systems.This thesis analyzes the power quality including several well-known features and their relevance. Power system models and signal processing methods for estimating their parameters are investigated for the purpose of real-time monitoring, diagnostic and control tasks under various operating conditions. Among all, the fundamental frequency is one of the most important parameters of a power distribution system. Indeed, its value which is supposed to be a constant varies continuously and reflects the dynamic availability of electric power. The fundamental frequency can also be affected by renewable energy generation and by nasty synchronization of some devices. Moreover, the power absorbed by loads or produced by sources is generally different from one phase to the other one. Obviously, most of the existing residential and industrial electrical installations with several phases work under unbalanced conditions. Identifying the symmetrical components is therefore an efficient way to quantify the imbalance between the phases of a grid. New state-space representations of power systems are proposed for estimating the fundamental frequency and for identifying the voltage symmetrical components of unbalanced three-phase power systems. A first state-space representation is developed by supposing the fundamental frequency to be known or to be calculated by another estimator. In return, it provides other parameters and characteristics from the power system. Another original state-space model is introduced which does not require the fundamental frequency. Here, one state variable is a function of the frequency which can thus be deduced. Furthermore this new state-space model is perfectly are able to represent a three-phase power system in both balanced and unbalanced conditions. This not the case of lots of existing models. The advantage of the proposed state-space representation is that it gives directly access to physical parameters of the system, like the frequency and the amplitude and phase values of the voltage symmetrical components. Power systems parameters can thus be estimated in real-time by using the new state-space with an online estimation process like an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The digital implementation of the proposed methods presents small computational requirement, elegant recursive properties, and optimal estimations with Gaussian error statistics.The methods have been implemented and validated through various tests respecting real technical constraints and operating conditions. The methods can be integrated in active power filtering schemes or load-frequency control strategies to monitor power systems and to compensate for electrical disturbances
43
Senchuk, Andrew S. M. "Collision-induced light scattering and absorption in atoms and symmetric molecules : a spherical tensor approach." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21291.
Full text
44
CHIEN-YI, MA. "Symmetric Tensors in Ortho-symplectic Lie Superalgebra of Dimension (4,4)." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-0407200517394100.
Full text
45
MA, CHIEN-YI, and 馬鑑一. "Symmetric Tensors in Ortho-symplectic Lie Superalgebra of Dimension (4,4)." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43066528074507216240.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
數學研究所
93
Ortho-symplectic Lie superalgebra osp can be realized as differential operators and homogeneous polynomial space is closed under its action, that is, homogeneous polynomial space is an osp-module. Our thesis is to study whether or not homogeneous polynomial space can be reduced to a direct sum of irreducible osp-modules. Our conclusion is for any odd homogeneous polynomial space, the answer is yes. For even, the answer is no in the case of degree 2, and therefore invalid for any even homogeneous polynomial space since it must contain a submodule isomorphic to degree 2 homogeneous polynomial space. However, a complete decomposition of arbitrary even homogeneous polynomial space has not been reached yet.
46
Schnalle, Roman. "Symmetry assisted exact and approximate determination of the energy spectra of magnetic molecules using irreducible tensor operators." Doctoral thesis, 2009. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2009102618.
Full textAbstract:
In this work a numerical approach for the determination of the energy spectra and the calculation of thermodynamic properties of magnetic molecules is presented. The work is focused on the treatment of spin systems which exhibit point-group symmetries. Ring-like and archimedean-type structures are discussed as prominent examples. In each case the underlying spin quantum system is modeled by an isotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian. Its energy spectrum is calculated either by numerical exact diagonalization or by an approximate diagonalization method introduced here. In order to implement full spin-rotational symmetry the numerical approach at hand is based on the use of irreducible tensor operators. Furthermore, it is shown how an unrestricted use of point-group symmetries in combination with the use of irreducible tensor operators leads to a reduction of the dimensionalities as well as to additional information about the physics of the systems. By exemplarily demonstrating how the theoretical foundations of the irreducible tensor operator technique can be realized within small spin systems the technical aspect of this work is covered. These considerations form the basis of the computational realization that was implemented and used in order to get insight into the investigated systems.
47
Harris, Kristopher J. "Solid-state spin-1/2 NMR studies of disorder, bonding, and symmetry." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/429.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with applications of modern solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Investigations of three quite different types are undertaken, each of which attempt to advance knowledge in the fields of chemistry and NMR. The goal of each project is to obtain insight into the effects of chemical environment, in particular bonding, on the NMR observables.
Carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance has been used to study solid samples containing the dicyanoaurate(I) anion, [Au(CN)2]-, with n-butylammonium, potassium, and thallium counterions. Differences in Au-Tl metallophilic bonding are shown to cause a difference in the isotropic cyanide carbon-13 chemical shift of up to 15.7 ppm, while differences in Au-Au aurophilic bonding are found to be responsible for a change of up to 5.9 ppm. Disordered polymeric gold(I) monocyanide was also investigated, and a range of 7+-2% to 25+-5% of the AuCN chains are found to be "slipped" instead of aligned with the neighbouring chains at the metal position.
An investigation of the chemical shift tensors of the 13C-labelled carbons in solid samples of Ph13C≡13CPh and (η2-Ph13C≡13CPh)Pt(PPh3)2·(C6H6) has also been carried out. Coordination of diphenylacetylene to platinum causes a change in the 13C chemical shift tensor orientation and a net increase in the isotropic chemical shift. The carbon chemical shift tensors in the platinum complex bear a striking similarity to those of the alkenyl-carbons in trans-Ph(H)C=C(H)Ph, and a theoretical discussion of these observations is presented.
Each of the fundamental NMR interaction tensors (σ, J, D and V) may be decomposed into isotropic, symmetric, and antisymmetric components. Observations of all theoretically allowed components other than the antisymmetric portion of J (Janti) have previously been published. Andrew and Farnell's theory (Mol. Phys. 15, 157 (1968)) for the effects of Janti on NMR spectra has been extended to powdered samples, and methods for analyzing the resultant line shapes have been determined. Finally, the first reported experimental attempts to measure Janti are presented, and experimental proof that no elements of Janti(119Sn,119Sn) in hexa(p-tolyl)ditin are larger than 2900 Hz is given.
48
Schnalle, Roman [Verfasser]. "Symmetry assisted exact and approximate determination of the energy spectra of magnetic molecules using irreducible tensor operators / vorgelegt von Roman Schnalle." 2009. http://d-nb.info/99767539X/34.
Full text
49
Srubiski, Shirley Luba. "Robotic Guidance: Velocity Profile Symmetry and Online Feedback Use during Manual Aiming." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33542.
Full textAbstract:
The current study evaluated whether robotic guidance can influence movement planning and/or the use of online proprioceptive feedback. Participants were divided into three groups wherein they practiced an aiming task unassisted or via a robotic device that led them through a trajectory with an asymmetric or symmetric velocity profile. Baseline performance was measured prior to training and a post-test included control and tendon vibration trials. Temporal, spatial, and kinematic variables were used to assess planning and online control mechanisms. Results indicated that tendon vibration altered the way individuals planned their movements and used online sensory feedback. Robotic-guided groups appeared to use online feedback to a lesser extent than the unassisted group during tendon vibration trials, based on kinematic data. Individuals may become less inclined to use erroneous proprioceptive feedback following robotic guidance, supporting the potential benefit of robotics in neuro-motor rehabilitation for those with proprioceptive deficits.
50
Knoška, Šimon. "Schwarzschildovy-Bachovy černé díry." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-448307.
Full textAbstract:
Šimon Knoška The spherically symmetric spacetimes represent one of the most important classes of solutions in general relativity. Therefore, it is very natural to study them also in the context of modified theories of gravity. We directly continue in the previous works in quadratic gravity, where the generalised solutions with the constant Ricci scalar were found in the form of power series expansion in the conformal coordinates. In this work, we have found an alternative expression of this solution in the Robinson-Trautman-like coordinates analogously in the form of power series expansion around the horizon. Al- though the prescribed recurrent power series solution is more complicated than that in the conformal-to-Kundt coordinates, it posses numerous advantages. Namely, the trans- formation to the Schwarzschild-like coordinates is considerable simple and the physical interpretation of the coordinates is more evident. These properties are demonstrated in the preliminary investigation of the geodesic motion of the test particles near the black hole with analysis of the effect of the so-called Bach parameter. In particular, we have observed that the Bach parameter together with the positive cosmological constant Λ > 0 has a significant impact on the global structure of the spacetime.