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1
International Symposium on Symmetries and Nuclear Structure (1986 Dubrovnik, Croatia). Symmetries and nuclear structure: Proceedings from the International Symposium on Symmetries and Nuclear Structure held at the Inter-University Centre, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, 5-14 June 1986. Harwood Academic, 1987.
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2
István, Hargittai, Laurent T. C, and Wenner-Grenska samfundet, eds. Symmetry 2000: Proceedings from a symposium held at the Wenner-Gren Centre, Stockholm, in September 2000. Portland Press, 2002.
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3
Sarkar, Rumu. A Fearful Symmetry. Praeger, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216968054.
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This title provides a new and original framework for analysis of global terrorism, with a view to understanding and resolving Islamic-based, fundamentalist jihadism. InA Fearful Symmetry: The New Soldier in the Age of Asymmetric ConflictProfessor Rumu Sarkar deploys a new set of analytical techniques to frame the phenomenon of global terrorism in a way that is both illuminating and fruitful in its practical applications for NATO, UN, and AU forces. With innovative conceptual tools developed in her essay, "Une Symétrie de la Peur," which was the Prix Fondation Saint-Cyr 2007 essay award winner, Sarkar uses the dialectic method to construct inA Fearful Symmetrya new critical paradigm to resolve the underlying tensions leading to global terrorism. Integral to this paradigm is Sarkar's transformational model of the New Soldier: a warrior who uses compassion, empathy, and cultural understanding as strategic weapons of war in order to definitively end the Fearful Symmetry. These intellectual skills and emotional capabilities must be inculcated in the New Soldier, not as moral imperatives, but as key operational assets for combating global jihadism and resolving the conflicts and tensions that lead to global conflict.A Fearful Symmetrytests its paradigm against case studies of the dialectics of terrorism in failed states (e.g., Somalia, Sudan, Afghanistan, Sierra Leone) and non-failed states (including Pakistan, Indonesia, and the Philippines), the stalemates blocking state-centered solutions of zero-sum counterclaims, as in Palestine, Western Sahara, and Kashmir, and the promise of new forms of multilateral, multinational, multicultural, and multilingual task force cooperation exemplified by the experimental partnership between NATO and AU Standby Forces.
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Zabell, Sandy. Symmetry Arguments in Probability. Edited by Alan Hájek and Christopher Hitchcock. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607617.013.15.
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The history of the use of symmetry arguments in probability theory is traced. After a brief consideration of why these did not occur in ancient Greece, the use of symmetry in probability, starting in the 17th century, is considered. Some of the contributions of Bernoulli, Bayes, Laplace, W. E. Johnson, and Bruno de Finetti are described. One important thread here is the progressive move from using symmetry to identify a single, unique probability function to using it instead to narrow the possibilities to a family of candidate functions via the qualitative concept of exchangeability. A number of modern developments are then discussed: partial exchangeability, the sampling of species problem, and Jeffrey conditioning. Finally, the use or misuse of seemingly innocent symmetry assumptions is illustrated, using a number of apparent paradoxes that have been widely discussed.
5
Greenberg, Mitchell. Corneille, Classicism and the Ruses of Symmetry. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
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6
Greenberg, Mitchell. Corneille, Classicism and the Ruses of Symmetry. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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7
Červeň, Ivan. SYMETRIA KRYŠTÁLOV - Historický vývoj predstáv o symetrii od začiatku XVII. storočia do polovice XX. storočia Autori, ich publikácie a názory. SPEKTRUM Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.61544/bnyb8047.
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Much effort has been devoted in the past to the description of the symmetry of crystals, i.e., to the description of the relevant set of symmetry operations and methods for their determination. This has led to the development of the theory of crystal symmetry. This text was written with the intention of conveying the development of this theory - from the first scientific experiments already in the XVII. century until its completion in the middle of the XX. century, when this was done by purely mathematical methods. It was sometimes interesting to go back to the past and find out the genesis of crystallographic terms. In this context, it was primarily the thoughts of Fyodorov and Schoenflies, but they also followed on from important predecessors. That's why it was interesting to look deeper into the past, when and where considerations about the laws of crystal symmetry arose.
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Symmetry 2000: Proceedings from a symposium held at the Wenner-Gren Centre, Stockholm, in September 2000. Portland Press, 2002.
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9
Boss, Jack. Schoenberg's Twelve-Tone Music: Symmetry and the Musical Idea. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
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10
Boss, Jack. Schoenberg's Twelve-Tone Music: Symmetry and the Musical Idea. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
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11
Wright, Aaron Sidney. More than Nothing. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190062804.001.0001.
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Abstract This book is a history of how it came to be that our best physical theories of particles, gravity, and spacetime are theories of the vacuum, of empty space. Today, physicists calculate “vacuum expectation values,” predict the influence of “vacuum fluctuations,” and describe universes and black holes composed of dynamic, yet empty, spacetime. More than this, vacuum physics seems paradoxical. Physicists depict the vacuum as by turns placid and roiling; as a rippling sheet and a crashing sea. More than Nothing provides new interpretations of seminal advances in the history of relativistic quantum theory, including Paul Dirac’s positron theory and Richard Feynman’s and Julian Schwinger’s Quantum Electrodynamics. It provides sustained analysis of understudied figures, including John Wheeler’s geometrodynamics, Roger Penrose’s diagrammatic methods, and Sidney Coleman’s false vacuum. These studies analyze physicists’ diverse interests. This reveals surprising connections between positron theory and mathematical beauty; between fluctuations and Marxian philosophy; between the psychology of “impossible objects” and drawings of black holes; and between symmetry breaking and science fiction. The development of the physics of the vacuum was inseparable from the development of aesthetics, art, psychology, fiction—from culture. By analyzing scientific practice—as documented in notes, correspondence, drawings, laboratory notebooks, and published material—this book shows that physicists chose to center the vacuum because of its utility. Over and again, theorists found the vacuum useful.
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Motta, M., A. V. Silhanek, and W. A. Ortiz. Magnetic Flux Avalanches in Superconducting Films with Mesoscopic Artificial Patterns. Edited by A. V. Narlikar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198738169.013.13.
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This article examines the practical problem of thermally driven high-speed flux avalanches occurring in superconducting thin films with mesoscopic artificial patterns. The thin films are synthesized with artificial pins in the form of sub-micrometric antidots (ADs). The article first provides an overview of magnetic flux avalanches in superconductors, with particular emphasis on thermally driven avalanches, before discussing the occurrence and morphology of flux avalanches in superconducting thin films comprised of AD arrays. It analyses the influence of lattice symmetry and different AD geometries on the guidance and consequently the branching of flux avalanches. It also explores how artificial pinning centers inserted in superconducting films affect vortex dynamics.
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Vigdor, Steven E. Signatures of the Artist. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814825.001.0001.
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This book provides a nonmathematical survey of the past half-century of research in particle physics, nuclear physics, and cosmology bearing on the physical conditions that allow our universe to support the development of structure and the origins of life. These conditions rely on a surprising number of tiny imperfections—deviations from perfect symmetry (i.e., symmetry violations), homogeneity, or predictability—that seem mysteriously fine-tuned. The emphasis here is on the intricate tapestry of elegant experiments that have revealed and quantified these imperfections, as well as on theoretical efforts to understand how the imperfections arose in the infant universe. Among the topics covered are: the dominance of matter over antimatter (i.e., matter–antimatter asymmetry); the existence and intermixing of three generations of quarks and leptons; the stability of hydrogen and synthesis of other elements essential for life; the longevity and energy budget of the universe; the remaining mysteries surrounding dark matter, dark energy, and the postulated inflationary expansion of space in the infant universe; the fundamental role of randomness in quantum mechanics, in generating the first biomolecules and in biological evolution; the apparent perching of the vacuum state in our universe on the edge between stability and meta-stability; and philosophical questions, including the possibility of a multiverse, surrounding the interpretation of a universe that exhibits such fine-tuning. On all of these issues, the book clarifies what we know and how we know it, as distinct from what we speculate and how we might test it.
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Li, Wai-Kee, Hung Kay Lee, Dennis Kee Pui Ng, Yu-San Cheung, Kendrew Kin Wah Mak, and Thomas Chung Wai Mak. Problems in Structural Inorganic Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823902.001.0001.
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The First Edition of this book, which appeared in 2013, serves as a problem text for Part I (Fundamentals of Chemical Bonding) and Part II (Symmetry in Chemistry) of the book Advanced Structural Inorganic Chemistry published by Oxford University Press in 2008. A Chinese edition was published by Peking University Press in August in the same year. Since then the authors have received much feedback from users and reviewers, which prompted them to prepare a Second Edition for students ranging from freshmen to senior undergraduates who aspire to attend graduate school after finishing their first degree in Chemistry. Four new chapters are added to this expanded Second Edition, which now contains over 400 problems and their solutions. The topics covered in 13 chapters follow the sequence: electronic states and configurations of atoms and molecules, introductory quantum chemistry, atomic orbitals, hybrid orbitals, molecular symmetry, molecular geometry and bonding, crystal field theory, molecular orbital theory, vibrational spectroscopy, crystal structure, transition metal chemistry, metal clusters: bonding and reactivity, and bioinorganic chemistry. The problems collected in this volume originate from examination papers and take-home assignments that have been part of the teaching program conducted by senior authors at The Chinese University of Hong Kong over nearly a half-century. Whenever appropriate, source references in the chemical literature are given for readers who wish to delve deeper into the subject. Eight Appendices and a Bibliography listing 157 reference books are provided to students and teachers who wish to look up comprehensive presentations of specific topics.
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Edmunds, D. E., and W. D. Evans. Sesquilinear Forms in Hilbert Spaces. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812050.003.0004.
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The centre-pieces of this chapter are the Lax–Milgram Theorem and the existence of weak or variational solutions to problems involving sesquilinear forms. An important application is to Kato’s First Representation Theorem, which associates a unique m-sectorial operator with a closed, densely defined sesquilinear form, thus extending the Friedrichs extension for a lower bounded symmetric operator. Stampacchia’s generalization of the Lax–Milgram Theorem to variational inequalities is also discussed.
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Coopersmith, Jennifer. Antecedents. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743040.003.0002.
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Early ideas about optimization principles were brought in by an eclectic group of extraordinary thinkers: the Ancients (Hero, and Princess Dido), Fermat with his Principle of Least Time, the Bernoullis, Leibniz, Maupertuis, Euler, and d’Alembert. Also, Stevin was the first to invoke the impossibility of perpetual motion in a proof, and Huygens was the first to put Galilean Relativity to a quantitative test. The Swiss family of mathematical geniuses, the Bernoullis, tackled isoperimetric problems, such as the brachystochrone, and Johann Bernoulli discovered the Principle of Virtual Velocities. The flavour of the eighteenth century is shown in the evocative tale of the König affair, and the correspondence between Daniel Bernoulli and Euler. It is shown how symmetry arguments, leading ultimately to an energy-analysis, were competing with Newton’s force-analysis. The Principle of Least Action and Variational Mechanics, proper, were developed by Lagrange, Hamilton, and Jacobi.
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Krotz, Ulrich, and Katerina Wright. CSDP Military Operations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0051.
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Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) operations, while still novel, are rapidly becoming a vital means through which Europe projects physical power and influence beyond its borders. This chapter analyses the EU’s multilateral, intergovernmental military operations, examining where and how the EU has pursued its emerging strategic interests around the globe. It first surveys the history and politics of the thirteen CSDP mweilitary operations launched since 2003. It then dissects the nature and diversity of military missions. While the EU has deployed, on average, some 3,000 military troops around the world each day, operations have varied widely in their mandate, the number of troops involved, the number of participating member states, and the symmetry with which states support and staff these missions. The analysis underscores that CSDP operations will remain an integral part of European politics and Europe’s search for its role and place in twenty-first-century world politics.
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Zur Nieden, Gesa. Symmetries in Spaces, Symmetries in Listening. Edited by Christian Thorau and Hansjakob Ziemer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466961.013.16.
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Based on the importance of the concept of symmetry in French sociological aesthetics circa 1900, this chapter analyzes the convergence of theaters, musical form, and musical understanding. The analysis focuses on architectural shape, audience response, and the musical repertoire in the new theaters built in Barcelona (1847), Paris (1862), and Rome (1880). While these theaters were fashioned after the baroque form of the “teatro all’italiana” that prevailed in Italy, France, and Spain during the late nineteenth century, they provided huge spaces accommodating a socially mixed audience within an architecturally symmetrical form. Music critics often aligned acoustic sound waves with actual visibility in the auditorium, and semicircular structures in the scenography on stage may have affected the reception of the musical performance. The newly built theaters arrived at a time when the “classical” music scene and a certain canon was developed, opposing the more “intellectual” audiences and repertories of contemporary music.
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Laver, Michael, and Ernest Sergenti. Benchmarking the Baseline Model. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691139036.003.0005.
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This chapter begins the investigation of multiparty competition using the baseline model specified in Chapter 3 and methods and procedures specified in Chapter 4. The most significant results concern the representativeness of evolved configurations of party policy positions. In symmetric populations, the ideal points of voters are not best represented by a set of (Hunter) parties who compete for their support by trying to find popular policy positions. Instead, voter preferences are better represented by a set of (Aggregator) parties that do not compete with each other on policy at all but instead seek to represent the policy preferences only of their current supporters. This happens because the dynamics of vote-seeking competition in this setting cause parties to set policy positions closer to the center of the policy space than would be needed for optimal representation—while at the same time avoiding the dead center of the space.
22
Farwig, Reinhard, Patrick Penel, Jiri Neustupa, and Raphaël Danchin. Mathematical Analysis in Fluid Mechanics : Selected Recent Results : International Conference on Vorticity, Rotation, and Symmetry : Complex Fluids and the Issue of Regularity: May 8-12, 2017, Centre International de Rencontres Mathematiques , Luminy, Marseille, France. American Mathematical Society, 2018.
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23
Mann, Peter. Energy and Work. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822370.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses the work–energy theorem, which is developed from Newton’s second law, and defines the kinetic and potential energies of the system. While there is some vector calculus involved, it has been kept to the bare minimum and the reader should not require in-depth knowledge to understand the salient points. If there is a net force on the particle, it accelerates in the direction of the unbalanced force. The force is a central force if it depends only on the distance between the point on which the force acts and the coordinate origin. Using Stokes’s theorem, potential energies are thoroughly discussed. The chapter also discusses spherically symmetric potentials, isotropic force, force on systems of particles, centre of mass coordinates and rigid bodies.
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Zangwill, Andrew. A Mind Over Matter. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869108.001.0001.
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Philip W. Anderson (1923–2020) is widely regarded as one of the most accomplished and influential physicists of the second half of the twentieth century. Educated at Harvard, he served during World War II as a radar engineer, and began a thirty-five year career at Bell Laboratories in 1949. He was soon recognized as one of the pre-eminent theoretical physicists in the world, specializing in understanding the collective behavior of the vast number of atoms and electrons in a sample of solid matter. He won a one-third share of the 1977 Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery of a phenomenon common to all waves in disordered matter called Anderson localization and the development of the Anderson impurity model to study magnetism. At Cambridge and Princeton Universities, Anderson led the way in transforming solid-state physics into the deep, subtle, and coherent discipline known today as condensed matter physics. He developed the concepts of broken symmetry and emergence and championed the concept of complexity as an organizing principle to attack difficult problems inside and outside physics. In 1971, Anderson was the first scientist to challenge the claim of high-energy particle physicists that their work was the most deserving of federal funding. Later, he testified before Congress opposing the Superconducting Super Collider particle accelerator. Anderson was a dominant figure in his field for almost fifty years. At an age when most scientists think about retirement, he made a brilliant contribution to many-electron theory and applied it to a novel class of high-temperature superconductors.
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Goswami, B. N., and Soumi Chakravorty. Dynamics of the Indian Summer Monsoon Climate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.613.
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Lifeline for about one-sixth of the world’s population in the subcontinent, the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is an integral part of the annual cycle of the winds (reversal of winds with seasons), coupled with a strong annual cycle of precipitation (wet summer and dry winter). For over a century, high socioeconomic impacts of ISM rainfall (ISMR) in the region have driven scientists to attempt to predict the year-to-year variations of ISM rainfall. A remarkably stable phenomenon, making its appearance every year without fail, the ISM climate exhibits a rather small year-to-year variation (the standard deviation of the seasonal mean being 10% of the long-term mean), but it has proven to be an extremely challenging system to predict. Even the most skillful, sophisticated models are barely useful with skill significantly below the potential limit on predictability. Understanding what drives the mean ISM climate and its variability on different timescales is, therefore, critical to advancing skills in predicting the monsoon. A conceptual ISM model helps explain what maintains not only the mean ISM but also its variability on interannual and longer timescales.The annual ISM precipitation cycle can be described as a manifestation of the seasonal migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) or the zonally oriented cloud (rain) band characterized by a sudden “onset.” The other important feature of ISM is the deep overturning meridional (regional Hadley circulation) that is associated with it, driven primarily by the latent heat release associated with the ISM (ITCZ) precipitation. The dynamics of the monsoon climate, therefore, is an extension of the dynamics of the ITCZ. The classical land–sea surface temperature gradient model of ISM may explain the seasonal reversal of the surface winds, but it fails to explain the onset and the deep vertical structure of the ISM circulation. While the surface temperature over land cools after the onset, reversing the north–south surface temperature gradient and making it inadequate to sustain the monsoon after onset, it is the tropospheric temperature gradient that becomes positive at the time of onset and remains strongly positive thereafter, maintaining the monsoon. The change in sign of the tropospheric temperature (TT) gradient is dynamically responsible for a symmetric instability, leading to the onset and subsequent northward progression of the ITCZ. The unified ISM model in terms of the TT gradient provides a platform to understand the drivers of ISM variability by identifying processes that affect TT in the north and the south and influence the gradient.The predictability of the seasonal mean ISM is limited by interactions of the annual cycle and higher frequency monsoon variability within the season. The monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO) has a seminal role in influencing the seasonal mean and its interannual variability. While ISM climate on long timescales (e.g., multimillennium) largely follows the solar forcing, on shorter timescales the ISM variability is governed by the internal dynamics arising from ocean–atmosphere–land interactions, regional as well as remote, together with teleconnections with other climate modes. Also important is the role of anthropogenic forcing, such as the greenhouse gases and aerosols versus the natural multidecadal variability in the context of the recent six-decade long decreasing trend of ISM rainfall.