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1
Feghiu, Iuliana, Sergiu Cobilețchi, Galina Frunza, Sergiu Șandru, and Anatol Scripnic. "Changes of autonomic tonus of the heart during induction of general anesthesia with two intravenous anaesthetics." Moldovan Medical Journal 62(4) (November 28, 2019): 3–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3556445.
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<strong>Background:</strong> Induction of general anesthesia with midazolam or thiopental is often associated with cardiovascular changes. <strong>Material and methods:</strong> The study group involved 94 patients. The analysis of heart rate variability and the changes in cardiac vegetative tonus was performed after premedication with fentanyl solution and after induction of general anesthesia with midazolam combined with fentanyl (midazolam group) or thiopental combined with fentanyl (thiopental group). <strong>Results:</strong> After administration of fentanyl in doses of 1.0 mkg/kg for premedication there were no significant changes of heart rate variability and vegetative heart tonus in both groups. Administration of midazolam 0.2-0.3 mg/kg combined with fentanyl 1.0 mkg/kg for induction of general anesthesia leads to a significant reduction of heart rate variability. The LFun (marker of sympathetic heart tonus) reduced by 24.2% (69.1 (95%CI 65.9-72.3) vs 52.4 (95%CI 42.9-70.0) (p=0,02), meantime the HFun (marker of parasympathetic cardiac tonus) enhanced by 34,9% (30,9 (95%CI 27.6-34.1) vs 47.5(95% CI 30.4-57.4) (p=0.01). Administration of thiopental 6.0-7.0 mg/kg combined with fentanyl 1.0 mkg/kg for induction of general anesthesia leads to a significant reduction of heart rate variability. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Administration of fentanyl solution in doses 1.0 mkg/kg for premedication is not associated with significant changes of vegetative tonus of the heart. Administration of midazolam in combination with fentanyl for induction of general anesthesia leads to significant decrease of heart rate variability and enhanced parasympathetic cardiac tonus. Induction of general anesthesia with thiopental and fentanyl leads to enhanced sympathetic tonus of the heart and reduced parasympathetic tonus of the heart.
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Feghiu, Iuliana, Sergiu Cobiletchi, and Sergiu Sandru. "Sympathetic-parasympathetic cardiac autonomic tonus during induction of anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl." Moldovan Medical Journal 62 (2) (June 15, 2019): 20–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3233910.
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<strong>Background: </strong>Administration of propofol and fentanyl for induction of general anesthesia is often associated with cardiovascular instability. This effect can be caused by changes in the cardiac autonomic tonus induced by the drugs. In the literature there is no consensus regarding the effect of propofol and fentanyl on sympathetic or parasympathetic balance of the heart. <strong>Material and methods:</strong> There was performed a randomized prospective study which was approved by the Ethic Committee. Written informed consent was signed by all patients. The study group involved 47 patients scheduled for surgical intervention, anesthetic risk ASA I-II. The analysis of heart rate variability and the changes in cardiac autonomic tonus was performed with Holter ECG at rest, after premedication with fentanyl solution and after induction of general anesthesia with propofol and fentanyl. <strong>Results:</strong> After administration of fentanyl in doses of 1.0 mkg/kg for premedication there were not significant changes of heart rate variability and autonomic heart tonus. Administration of propofol 2.5 mg/kg combined with fentanyl 1.0 mkg/kg for induction of general anesthesia leads to significant changes in heart rate variability. There was a considerable reduction of heart rate variability. The LFun (marker of sympathetic heart tonus) has enhanced by 6.8% compared with previous stage (67.1 (95% CI 63.1-71.1) vs 72.0 (95% CI 67.9-76.1) (p=0.004). The HFun (marker of parasympathetic cardiac tonus) has reduced by 19.8% (32.9 (95% CI 28.9-36.8) vs 26.4 (95% CI 20.4-34.3) (p=0.007). After administration of propofol and fentanyl for induction of general anesthesia the LFun/HFun ratio has enhanced by 30.8% (2.7 (95%CI 2.1-3.4) vs 3.9 (95%CI9 2.9-4.8) (p=0.003), signaling an enhanced sympathetic heart tonus. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Administration of fentanyl solution in doses 1.0 mkg/kg for premedication is not associated with significant changes of autonomic tonus of the heart. Administration of propofol 2.5 mg/kg in combination with fentanyl 1.0 mkg/kg for induction of general anesthesia leads to significant enhanced sympathetic cardiac tonus.
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Lujan, Heidi L., Gurunanthan Palani, Ying Chen, Jean D. Peduzzi, and Stephen E. DiCarlo. "Targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons reduces resting, reflex and exercise-induced sympathetic activation in conscious rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 296, no. 5 (2009): H1305—H1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00095.2009.
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Cholera toxin B subunit conjugated to saporin (SAP, a ribosomal inactivating protein that binds to and inactivates ribosomes) was injected in both stellate ganglia to evaluate the physiological response to targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons. Resting cardiac sympathetic activity (cardiac sympathetic tonus), exercise-induced sympathetic activity (heart rate responses to graded exercise), and reflex sympathetic activity (heart rate responses to graded doses of sodium nitroprusside, SNP) were determined in 18 adult conscious Sprague-Dawley male rats. Rats were randomly divided into the following three groups ( n = 6/group): 1) control (no injection), 2) bilateral stellate ganglia injection of unconjugated cholera toxin B (CTB), and 3) bilateral stellate ganglia injection of cholera toxin B conjugated to SAP (CTB-SAP). CTB-SAP rats, compared with control and CTB rats, had reduced cardiac sympathetic tonus and reduced heart rate responses to graded exercise and graded doses of SNP. Furthermore, the number of stained neurons in the stellate ganglia and spinal cord (segments T1–T4) was reduced in CTB-SAP rats. Thus CTB-SAP retrogradely transported from the stellate ganglia is effective at ablating cardiac sympathetic neurons and reducing resting, exercise, and reflex sympathetic activity. Additional studies are required to further characterize the physiological responses to this procedure as well as determine if this new approach is safe and efficacious for the treatment of conditions associated with excess sympathetic activity (e.g., autonomic dysreflexia, hypertension, heart failure, and ventricular arrhythmias).
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Khasanova, D. R., V. N. Medvedev, N. L. Nikulin, and E. A. Vergasov. "Vegetative disorders in children with congenital heart diseases of pale type." Kazan medical journal 79, no. 1 (1998): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj63449.
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The tendency to increase the sympathetic tonus in rest in all age groups especially in 4 children under school age and girls in pubertal period is revealed during the investigation of vegetative egulation by the mathematical analysis of the heart rhythm variability in children with congenital heart diseases of pale type.
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Lujan, Heidi L., Anne Tonson, Robert W. Wiseman, and Stephen E. DiCarlo. "Chronic, complete cervical6–7 cord transection: distinct autonomic and cardiac deficits." Journal of Applied Physiology 124, no. 6 (2018): 1471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01104.2017.
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) resulting in tetraplegia is a devastating, life-changing insult causing paralysis and sensory impairment as well as distinct autonomic dysfunction that triggers compromised cardiovascular, bowel, bladder, and sexual activity. Life becomes a battle for independence as even routine bodily functions and the smallest activity of daily living become major challenges. Accordingly, there is a critical need for a chronic preclinical model of tetraplegia. This report addresses this critical need by comparing, for the first time, resting-, reflex-, and stress-induced cardiovascular, autonomic, and hormonal responses each week for 4 wk in 12 sham-operated intact rats and 12 rats with chronic, complete C6–7 spinal cord transection. Loss of supraspinal control to all sympathetic preganglionic neurons projecting to the heart and vasculature resulted in a profound bradycardia and hypotension, reduced cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic tonus, reduced reflex- and stress-induced sympathetic responses, and reduced sympathetic support of blood pressure as well as enhanced reliance on angiotensin to maintain arterial blood pressure. Histological examination of the nucleus ambiguus and stellate ganglia supports the profound and distinct autonomic and cardiac deficits and reliance on angiotensin to maintain cardiovascular stability following chronic, complete cervical6–7 cord transection. NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, resting-, reflex-, and stress-induced cardiovascular, autonomic, and hormonal responses were studied in rats with chronic, complete C6–7 cord transection. Loss of supraspinal control of all sympathetic preganglionic neurons reduced cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic tonus, reflex and stress-induced sympathetic responses, and sympathetic support of blood pressure as well as enhanced reliance on angiotensin to maintain arterial blood pressure. Histological examination supports the distinct deficits associated with cervical cord injury.
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Grebenyuk, O. V., N. G. Katayeva, N. S. Novikova, and M. V. Svetlic. "Heart rate variability with orhtoclinostatic load in patients with neuroreflex syncopal states." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 9, no. 4 (2010): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2010-4-44-48.
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The initial vegetative tonus and vegetative reactivity were studied in patients with neuroreflectory syncopal states (NSS) during passive orthostatic testing in the orthostatic and clinical phases. The variability of the heart rhythm was estimated on the Neiron-spektr device. During the orthostatic testing, the insufficient activity of the sympathetic part of the nervous system in NSS patients was observed compared to the control group. During the clinostatic testing, the indices of NSS patients approached the normal values.
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STORY, GINA M., STEPHEN E. DICARLO, DAVID W. RODENBAUGH, et al. "Inactivation of one copy of the mouse neurotrophin-3 gene induces cardiac sympathetic deficits." Physiological Genomics 2, no. 3 (2000): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.2000.2.3.129.
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Story, Gina M., Stephen E. DiCarlo, David W. Rodenbaugh, Dean E. Dluzen, Jan Kucera, Michael B. Maron, and Jon M. Walro. Inactivation of one copy of the mouse neurotrophin-3 gene induces cardiac sympathetic deficits. Physiol Genomics 2: 129–136, 2000.—Whether two copies of the neurotrophin-3 (NT3) gene are necessary for proper development of cardiac sympathetic innervation was investigated in mice carrying a targeted inactivation of the NT3 gene. Heterozygous (+/−) and null (−/−) mutant mice had fewer stellate ganglion neurons than did wild-type (+/+) mice at postnatal day 0 ( P0 or birth), and this deficit was maintained between adult ( P60) +/− and +/+ mice. The sympathetic innervation of the heart matured postnatally in +/+ and +/− mice. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive axons were restricted largely to the epicardium at P0, were concentrated around large blood vessels in the myocardium at P21, and were present among cardiac myocytes at P60. Cardiac norepinephrine (NE) concentrations paralleled the growth of the sympathetic axons into the heart. NE concentrations were equivalent among +/+, +/−, and −/− mice at birth, but differences between +/− and +/+ mice increased with age. Adult +/− mice also exhibited lower resting heart rates and sympathetic tonus than +/+ mice. Thus deletion of one copy of the NT3 gene translates into anatomical, biochemical, and functional deficits in cardiac sympathetic innervation of postnatal mice, thereby indicating a gene-dosage effect for the NT3 gene.
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Apor, Péter, Máté Petrekanich, and Júlianna Számadó. "Heart rate variability analysis in sports." Orvosi Hetilap 150, no. 18 (2009): 847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2009.28605.
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Differences in the duration of the cycles reflects the balance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic influence on the heart. Variancy in the heart rate correlates to the breathing cycle, to baroreflex sensitivity, to day and night alternations and to changes in the vegetative tone evoked by physical exercises. Analysis of the time and/or frequency power domain of the heart rate variancy is expected to have diagnostic value in physiological and pathological situations as adaptation to training, overtraining, heart disease etc. Both time- and frequency domains reflect the same physiological phenomenon but from different point of view. Vagus tonus is reflected in the high frequency part of the range of variancy, while an increased sympathetic tone enriches the low frequency part of the variations of the duration of the consecutive heart cycles. This technically simple and relatively inexpensive method has inspired a couple of clinical and sports medical studies. Certain tendencies seem to be clear, but for individual diagnosis or for prognosis the data must be treated very carefully.
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Lujan, Heidi L., and Stephen E. DiCarlo. "Direct comparison of cervical and high thoracic spinal cord injury reveals distinct autonomic and cardiovascular consequences." Journal of Applied Physiology 128, no. 3 (2020): 554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00721.2019.
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A wide range of spinal cord levels (cervical 8–thoracic 6) project to the stellate ganglia (which provides >90% of sympathetic supply to the heart), with a peak at the thoracic 2 (T2) level. We hypothesize that despite the proximity of the lesions, high thoracic spinal cord injuries (i.e., T2–3 SCI) do not closely mimic the hemodynamic responses recorded with cervical SCI (i.e., C6–7 SCI). To test this hypothesis, rats were instrumented with an intra-arterial telemetry device (Data Sciences International PA-C40) for recording arterial pressure, heart rate, and locomotor activity as well as a catheter within the intraperitoneal space. After recovery, rats were subjected to complete C6–7 spinal cord transection ( n = 8), sham transection ( n = 4), or T2–3 spinal cord transection ( n = 7). After the spinal cord transection or sham transection, arterial pressure, heart rate, and activity counts were recorded in conscious animals, in a thermoneutral environment, for 20 s every minute, 24 h/day for 12 consecutive weeks. After 12 wk, chronic reflex- and stress-induced cardiovascular and hormonal responses were compared in all groups. C6–7 rats had hypotension, bradycardia, and reduced physical activity. In contrast, T2–3 rats were tachycardic. C6–7 rats compared with T2–3 and spinal intact rats also had reduced cardiac sympathetic tonus, reduced reflex- and stress induced cardiovascular responses, and reduced sympathetic support of blood pressure as well as enhanced reliance on angiotensin to maintain arterial blood pressure. Thus injuries above and below the peak level (T2) of spinal cord projections to the stellate ganglia have remarkably different outcomes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Twelve consecutive weeks of resting hemodynamic data as well as chronic reflex- and stress-induced cardiovascular, autonomic, and hormonal responses were compared in spinal intact and C6–7 and T2–3 spinal cord-transected rats. C6–7 rats compared with T2–3 and spinal intact rats had reduced cardiac sympathetic tonus, reduced reflex- and stress-induced cardiovascular responses, and reduced sympathetic support of blood pressure as well as enhanced reliance on angiotensin to maintain arterial blood pressure. Thus injuries above and below the peak level (T2) of spinal cord projections to the stellate ganglia have remarkably different outcomes.
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Sforza, Roche, and Pichot. "Determinants of Nocturnal Cardiovascular Variability and Heart Rate Arousal Response in Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)/Periodic Limb Movements (PLMS)." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 10 (2019): 1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101619.
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Recent studies have suggested that restless legs syndrome is associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases mediated by sympathetic activation occurring during periodic limb movements. The aim of this study was to establish which factors affect the degree of sympathetic activation during the basal condition and during periodic limb movements that may contribute to increased vascular risk. Fifty untreated restless legs syndrome patients aged 62.6 ± 11.1 y, free of cardiovascular diseases, were examined. Heart rate variability was calculated during wakefulness and all sleep stages, during periods with and without periodic limb movements. Heart rate changes before and after periodic limb movement onset were analyzed to assess the arousal response to periodic limb movements. Both analyses took into account the effects of age, gender, periodic limb movement duration, periodic limb movement index, periodic limb movement interval and periodicity, and magnitude of muscular activity (electromyogram power). Compared to periods without periodic limb movements, a significant increase in sympathetic activity occurred in periods with periodic limb movements, independent of age, sex and periodic limb movement characteristics. Data obtained from the cardiac arousal response to periodic limb movements showed that electromyogram power is the factor affecting sympathetic tonus. These results suggest that other factors, such as electromyogram power and individual susceptibility, should be considered in the assessment of the vascular risk related to restless legs syndrome.
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Chandler, Margaret P., and Stephen E. Dicarlo. "Sinoaortic denervation prevents postexercise reductions in arterial pressure and cardiac sympathetic tonus." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 273, no. 6 (1997): H2738—H2745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.6.h2738.
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Arterial pressure, cardiac sympathetic tonus (ST), and heart rate (HR) are reduced after a single bout of dynamic exercise in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). To test if the arterial baroreflex is required for these postexercise responses, intact ( n = 9) and sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) rats ( n = 5) were chronically instrumented with an arterial catheter for the measurement of arterial pressure and HR and for the infusion of cardiac autonomic antagonists. Five days after instrumentation, cardiac ST and parasympathetic tonus (PT) were determined under two experimental conditions (no exercise and postexercise). SAD rats did not alter no-exercise cardiac ST (intact 47 ± 3 vs. SAD 50 ± 3 beats/min); however, no-exercise PT was reduced (intact −24 ± 2 vs. SAD −4 ± 4 beats/min, P < 0.05). Acute exercise reduced arterial pressure (postexertional hypotension, −20 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05), cardiac ST (no exercise 47 ± 3 vs. postexercise 24 ± 3 beats/min, P < 0.05), and PT (no exercise −24 ± 2 vs. postexercise −11 ± 2 beats/min, P < 0.05) in intact SHR. In contrast, SAD prevented postexercise reductions in arterial pressure and cardiac ST (no exercise 50 ± 3 vs. postexercise 59 ± 7 beats/min). Furthermore, SAD had no effect on postexercise PT (no exercise −4 ± 4 vs. postexercise −7 ± 4 beats/min). These results demonstrate that the arterial baroreflex is required for the reduction in arterial pressure and cardiac ST that occurs in SHR after a single bout of dynamic exercise.
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Çeliktas, M., H. Birbiçer, K. Aikimbaev, H. Özbek, E. Akgül, and F. Binokay. "Utility of color duplex sonography in the assessment of efficacy of the stellate ganglion blockade." Acta Radiologica 44, no. 5 (2003): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1600-0455.2003.00106.x.
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Purpose: To assess the hemodynamic changes in the upper extremity arteries after sympathetic ganglion blockade (SGB) by using spectral Doppler parameters and to determine the applicability of these parameters for the evaluation of SGB efficacy. Material and Methods: Spectral Doppler parameters (peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), mean velocity (mean V), flow volume, resistive and pulsatility indices (RI, PI), inner arterial diameters (intima to intima) (D) with simultaneous recordings of heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressures and upper extremity surface temperature changes) were recorded before and 5 min after during the first, fifth and tenth SGB procedures. Results: SGB induced an increase in skin temperature in the ipsilateral hand and persistent dilatation of the radial diameter accompanied by reduction of RI and PI in the radial and third digital arteries in all patients. Conclusion: Hemodynamic changes assessed by spectral Doppler parameters could be used as sensitive and objective measurements of peripheral sympathetic nervous activity and vascular tonus, and may confirm a successfully performed SGB.
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Mitiuriaeva-Korniyko, І. О., O. V. Kuleshov, Ya A. Medrazhevska, L. O. Fik, and T. D. Klets. "The state of response of autonomic nervous system in children with mitral valve prolapse." Medicni perspektivi 26, no. 4 (2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2021.4.248154.
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The article presents summarized materials on connective tissue dysplasia of the heart, primary mitral valve prolapse, dysfunction of the autonomic system. Aim of research: to estimate the condition of autonomic nervous system in children with primary mitral valve prolapse. We examined 106 children with mitral valve prolapse aged from 13 to 17 years old on the clinical base of city hospital “Center of mother and child” in Vinnitsya. Research included time and frequency domain (evaluation with cardiointervalography. Final results were compared with the control group records. The results showed no statistical significance among time domain parameters in the main group of children. All these indices displayed tendency to sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system tonus increase in boys. However, sympathicotonia tendency was noted in girls only. Frequency domain parameters showed similar results, compared with the previous. Nevertheless, very low frequency parameters had statistically significant difference in both subgroups of patience with mitral valve prolapse, including males (3205.8±190.9 against 1717±154, р<0.05) and females (3280±220.1 against 1433±811, р<0.05). There were no statistically significant difference among other frequency domain parameters. Conclusions: we estimated that children with mitral valve prolapse have imbalanced autonomic homeostasis manifested by tone disturbances of both autonomic vegetative system branches with sympathetic predominance. Patients with primary mitral valve prolapse generally have increased sympathetic tone - both boys and girls - according to spectral analysis of heart rate variability indices, heart rate oscillation power of a very low frequency in particular (p<0.05). In children with mitral valve prolapse, the tone of parasympathetic nervous system is generally normal; there is a tendency to its increase in boys and decrease in girls. These children should be under close medical supervision by pediatricians and cardiologists.
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McMullen, Michael K., Julie M. Whitehouse, and Anthony Towell. "Bitters: Time for a New Paradigm." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/670504.
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In plant-based medical systems, bitter tasting plants play a key role in managing dyspepsia. Yet when it comes to defining their mechanism of activity, herbalists and pharmacologists are split between two theories: one involves cephalic elicited vagal responses while the other comprises purely local responses. Recent studies indicate that bitters elicit a range of cephalic responses which alter postprandial gastric phase haemodynamics. Caffeine and regular coffee (Coffea arabica semen, L.) increase heart rate whereas gentian (Gentiana lutea radix, L.) and wormwood (Artemisia absinthium herbaL.) increase tonus in the vascular resistance vessels. Following meals increased cardiac activity acts to support postprandial hyperaemia and maintain systemic blood pressure. The increased vascular tonus acts in parallel with the increased cardiac activity and in normal adults this additional pressor effect results in a reduced cardiac workload. The vascular response is a sympathetic reflex, evident after 5 minutes and dose dependent. Thus gentian and wormwood elicit cephalic responses which facilitate rather than stimulate digestive activity when postprandial hyperaemia is inadequate. Encapsulated caffeine elicits cardiovascular responses indicating that gastrointestinal bitter receptors are functionally active in humans. However, neither encapsulated gentian nor wormwood elicited cardiovascular responses during the gastric phase. These findings provide the platform for a new evidence-based paradigm.
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Chandler, Margaret P., and Stephen E. Dicarlo. "Acute exercise and gender alter cardiac autonomic tonus differently in hypertensive and normotensive rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 2 (1998): R510—R516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.2.r510.
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Arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), cardiac sympathetic tonus (ST), and parasympathetic tonus (PT) were determined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, 8 male and 8 female) and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY, 8 male and 12 female) before and after acute exercise. Before exercise, hypertensive rats (regardless of gender) had an increased ST (+15 beats/min), increased resting HR (+12 beats/min), and decreased PT (−11 beats/min). Similarly, female rats (regardless of strain) also had an increased ST (+15 beats/min), increased resting HR (+39 beats/min), and decreased PT (−14 beats/min). Hypertensive rats had a significant reduction in AP (−17 ± 3 mmHg), ST (−26 beats/min), PT (−7 beats/min), and HR (−14 beats/min) after exercise. In contrast, AP was not reduced in normotensive rats and ST (+18 beats/min) and HR (+42 beats/min) were increased in female normotensive rats after exercise. However, male normotensive rats had a postexercise reduction in ST (−14 beats/min) and HR (−19 beats/min). In summary, AP, ST, and resting HR were higher whereas PT was lower in hypertensive vs. normotensive rats. Furthermore, females had a higher resting HR, intrinsic HR, and ST and lower PT than male rats. These data demonstrate that gender and the resting level of AP influence cardiac autonomic regulation.
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Martynov, A. I., and E. V. Akatova. "Longterm experience of magnerot administration in patients with mitral valve prolapse." Eurasian heart journal, no. 1 (March 30, 2011): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.38109/2225-1685-2011-1-13-20.
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Within 15 years observation 31 patients with prolaps the mitral valve, regularly accepting magnerot, in a dose of 1500 mg a day during all period of observation by 3-month's courses 2 times a year was spent. Features of dynamics of a clinical picture, their interrelation with phenotypic expression of a dysplasia of a connecting tissue, changes of an electrocardiogram, a structure of the valves apparatus of heart, a condition of a vegetative homeostasis, change of level and a daily profile of arterial pressure, a tonus of sympathetic and parasympathetic departments of vegetative nervous system are taped. Against treatment according to the retrospective analysis significant improvement of clinic-tool indicators at all surveyed patients isn't. After regular application of magnesium salt orotate acids authentic improvement of quality of life at patients with prolepses the mitral valve is established.
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Naumov, M. M., E. E. Stepura, and N. M. Naumov. "ANALYSIS OF A.YA. KAPLAN HRV PARAMETRES OF JERSEY BREED COWS WITH DIFFERENT VEGETATIVE STATUS." Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy 212 (March 22, 2021): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2021-1-130-136.
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The article reveals the possibilities of cardiointervalometry using the modern complex electrophysiological laboratory “CONAN - 4.5”. In modern economic conditions, the intensification of animal breeding requires deep and all-sided knowledge of many sciences, especially biology and physiology. The body of an animal consistently undergoes interrelated morphological, biochemical and functional changes that provide functional reserves such as energy, metabolic and informational resources. The adaptation mechanisms and cattle economic use duration in modern conditions of industrial production of livestock products depend on the nature and severity of these reserves. The estimation of slow and fast-wave components of variability of the cardiointervals is carried out - the numerical values of A. Kaplan’s parametres of heart rate variability (respiratory modulation index (RMD), sympathoadrenal tonus index (SATI), slow wave arrhythmia index (SWAI)) of Jersey cows, which reflect the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic vegetative nerve system. Mathematical processing of heart rate variability with application of R.M. Baevsky’s method was used in the study. The test group of Jersey cows was divided into subgroups based on the tension index, and initial vegetative statuses were established on its basis. The distribution of the studied group of Jersey cows based on the tension index of regulatory systems was confirmed by statistical processing using the classification matrix, which was 91.26% and with the square degree of Mahalonobis distance D2 between the groups. The obtained statistically processed data in the course of the scientific research have true meaning. In this work, the analysis of the obtained numerical values of of A.Ya. Kaplan’s parametres was carried out and the relationship between the initial vegetative tonus of Jersey cows and the obtained values was considered.
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KOCH, LAUREN GERARD, STEVEN L. BRITTON, JOHN C. BARBATO, DAVID W. RODENBAUGH, and STEPHEN E. DiCARLO. "Phenotypic differences in cardiovascular regulation in inbred rat models of aerobic capacity." Physiological Genomics 1, no. 2 (1999): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.1999.1.2.63.
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Koch, Lauren Gerard, Steven L. Britton, John C. Barbato, David W. Rodenbaugh, and Stephen E. DiCarlo. Phenotypic differences in cardiovascular regulation in inbred rat models of aerobic capacity. Physiol. Genomics 63–69, 1999.—The Dark Aouti (DA) inbred strain of rats has superior aerobic treadmill running capacity compared with the Copenhagen (COP) strain of inbred rats. This difference in aerobic capacity provides a model to explore the genetic basis of variation in this trait. The present study evaluated intermediate phenotypic differences between 10 male COP inbred rats and 10 male DA inbred rats that might contribute to the difference in aerobic capacity between the strains. Five autonomically regulated cardiovascular variables were evaluated during rest or exercise by measuring the response to autonomic antagonists. The DA rat had enhanced autonomic function for the regulation of peripheral blood flow and cardiac output. Specifically, at rest the DA rats had significantly more sympathetic (123 ± 8 vs. 99 ± 7 beats/min) and parasympathetic (35 ± 5 vs. 12 ± 3 beats/min) tonus for heart rate control and more sympathetic support of blood pressure (70 ± 7 vs. 38 ± 6 mmHg) compared with the COP rats. During three graded levels of treadmill exercise the DA rats had higher blood pressures (16% on average) and higher heart rates (4% on average) relative to the COP rats. In addition, the DA rats had a 27% greater heart weight-to-body weight ratio compared with the COP strain of rats (3.63 ± 0.08 vs. 2.85 ± 0.07 g/kg). All five of these intermediate phenotypes could participate as variables causative of the difference in treadmill running capacity between the DA and COP strains of rats.
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Negrao, C. E., E. D. Moreira, M. C. Santos, V. M. Farah, and E. M. Krieger. "Vagal function impairment after exercise training." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 5 (1992): 1749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.5.1749.
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The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the vagal function of trained (T) and sedentary (S) rats by use of different approaches in the same animal. After 13 wk of exercise training (treadmill for 1 h 5 times/wk at 26.8 m/min and 15% grade), T rats had a resting heart rate (HR) slightly but significantly lower than S rats (299 +/- 3 vs. 308 +/- 3 beats/min). T rats had marked reduction of the intrinsic HR (329 +/- 4 vs. 369 +/- 5 beats/min) after blockade by methylatropine and propranolol. They also exhibited depressed vagal and sympathetic tonus. Baroreflex bradycardia (phenylephrine injections) was reduced, bradycardic responses produced by electrical stimulation of the vagus were depressed, and responses to methacholine injection were decreased in T rats. Therefore several evidences of vagal function impairment were observed in T rats. The resting bradycardia after exercise training is more likely to be dependent on alterations of the pacemaker cells, inasmuch as the intrinsic HR was markedly reduced.
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Erkan, Melih Engin, Mustafa Yıldırım, and Ahmet Semih Doğan. "The Relationship Between GATED Myocardial Perfusion SPECT Findings and Heart Rate Recovery After Exercise Test." Nile Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 1 (2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20321/nilejms.v1i1.5.
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<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Coronary artery disease has been thought that autonomic nervous system dysfunction especially increased sympathetic tonus and relatively decreased parasympathetic activity is related to coronary artery disease. Abnormal heart rate recovery after exercise test, is a simple available parameter, that reflects autonomic nervous system disfunction. GATED myocardial perfusion SPECT is used in the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. In this study we compared heart rate recovery with myocardial perfusion scintigraphy findings.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> In our study there were 50 subjects (27 female, 23 male). Multiple lineer regression analysis was used to determine relationship between heart rate recovery and GATED myocardial perfusion SPECT parameters, age, gender, and history.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Multiple lineer regresion revealed strong independent negative assosiation between heart rate recovery and myocardial defect severity on stress images (β= -0.957; SE= 0.650; p= 0.043). Age was also an independent predictor of heart rate recovery with negative assosiation (β= -0.473; SE= 0.250; p= 0.022). Correlation coefficient (R) and R square (R<sup>2</sup>) of the model were 0.604, and 0.365 respectively.</p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> On stresss protocol, myocardial damage is more severe in patients who have decreased heart rate recovery. Since the severity of myocardial damage on stresss is a strong predictor of cardiac events and prognosis, heart rate recovery was also have prognostic value on future cardiac events.
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Landulpho, Carlos Daniel Almeida Pitanga, Ana Carolina Rodrigues Dias, and Eduardo Colombari. "Cardiovascular mechanisms activated by microinjection of baclofen into NTS of conscious rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 284, no. 3 (2003): H987—H993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00447.2002.
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The peripheral mechanisms responsible for pressor response produced by microinjections of baclofen (GABAB agonist) into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) of conscious rats were studied. Bilateral microinjections of baclofen (10–1,000 pmol/100 nl) produced a dose-related increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate. The maximal response was observed after 15 min. Intravenous injection of prazosin decreased MAP to control levels. Subsequent treatment with Manning compound (vasopressin receptor antagonist; iv) produced an additional decrease in MAP. In a different group of rats, vasopressin antagonist was injected first and MAP was significantly decreased; however, it remained elevated compared with prebaclofen injection levels. Subsequent treatment with prazosin abolished the baclofen-induced pressor response. Reductions in baclofen-induced pressor response with prazosin treatment were followed by a reflex tachycardia in animals that received a 100 pmol/100 nl dose of baclofen. The tachycardia was not observed with a dose of 1,000 pmol/100 nl. The pressor response induced by microinjection of baclofen into the NTS of conscious rats may be produced by both increases in sympathetic tonus and vasopressin release.
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Smith, D. G., S. Nilsson, I. Wahlqvist, and B. M. Eriksson. "Nervous control of the blood pressure in the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua." Journal of Experimental Biology 117, no. 1 (1985): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.117.1.335.
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Dorsal (PDA) and ventral aortic blood pressure (PVA) and heart rate (HR) were measured in conscious resting cod, Gadus morhua L., which has been allowed 24 h recovery from surgery. Plasma adrenalin and nonadrenalin concentrations in these fish were 3.4 and 2.2 nmoll-1 respectively, and thus lower than previously reported values from partially recovered cod. Twenty-four hours after treatment with the adrenergic neurone blocking agent bretylium, PDA was significantly reduced by 17% compared to sham-injected controls, although PVA and heart rate were unaltered. Subsequent alpha-adrenoceptor blockade by phentolamine produced no further fall in PDA and no changes in PVA or HR, provided a 5-h period was allowed to overcome the acute toxic side effects of phentolamine. The effectiveness of the bretylium or phentolamine blockade was confirmed by noting the absence of any vasoconstrictor response during sympathetic nerve stimulation in perfused tails from fish used in the in vivo experiments. Bretylium had no significant effect on the sensitivity of the isolated coeliac artery to adrenalin, but effectively blocked the adrenergic innervation of this artery or the vasculature of the tail. Evidence for a non-selective blockade of non-adrenergic nerves to the heart was also obtained. It is concluded that the adrenergic tonus affecting the dorsal aortic blood pressure in resting cod that have recovered for 24 h following surgery is due solely to an adrenergic nervous tone.
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Henriksen, Mikael Johannes Vuokko, Troels Wienecke, Jesper Kristiansen, Yoon Soo Park, Charlotte Ringsted, and Lars Konge. "Opinion and Special Articles: Stress when performing the first lumbar puncture may compromise patient safety." Neurology 90, no. 21 (2018): 981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000005556.
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ObjectiveTo quantify physician stress levels when performing lumbar puncture (LP) and explore operator stress effect on patient outcomes.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, multicenter study. Novices, intermediates, and experts in performing LP were recruited from 4 departments of neurology and emergency medicine. Stress was measured before and during performance of the LP using cognitive appraisal (CA), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory–Short (STAI-S) questionnaire, and the heart rate variability measure low frequency/high frequency index (LF/HF ratio). Patient-related outcomes were pain, confidence in the operator, and postdural puncture headache (PDPH).ResultsForty-six physicians were included in the study: 22 novices, 12 intermediates, and 12 experts. Novices had the highest stress level and experts the lowest measured by cognitive appraisal and STAI-S before and during LP performance (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Novices had the highest sympathetic tonus indicated by the highest LF/HF ratio before (p = 0.004) and during (p = 0.056) LP performance. Physician stress level was not significantly related to patients' pain. However, there was a significant relationship between STAI-S during the procedure and patient confidence in the operator (regression coefficient = −0.034, p = 0.008). High physician heart rate during the procedure significantly increased the odds of PDPH (odds ratio = 1.17, p = 0.036).ConclusionNovice stress levels were high before and during performance of LP. Stress was significantly related to patient confidence in the operator and risk of PDPH. Simulation-based training should be considered to reduce novice residents' stress levels and increase patient safety.
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Zada, Freshta Samandari Malik, Korshid Naseri, and Mohammad Rasool Zalmai. "Effects of exercise training on blood circulation system." Sprin Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 5 (2024): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55559/sjahss.v3i5.326.
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Background: Numerous studies have examined how exercise training affects the blood circulation system and have shown that it can prevent or lessen the harmful effects of a number of pathological conditions, including osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. It is well established that exercise training alters the autonomic nervous system by raising parasympathetic tone and decreasing sympathetic activity. In both normotensive and hypertensive people, these changes are correlated with lower blood pressure and heart rates. Methods: Studies have focused on identifying the fundamental processes by which physical activity causes bradycardia and lowers blood pressure. emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate these mechanisms. Research has utilized data from both animal models and human studies to investigate the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system, aiming to shed light on the physiological and molecular changes induced by exercise training on the blood circulation system. Goals: The primary goal of the research is to explore how exercise training impacts the cardiovascular system, particularly in terms of reducing sympathetic activity, increasing parasympathetic tonus, and improving cardiovascular health to prevent or mitigate various pathological conditions. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular benefits of exercise is crucial for developing effective strategies to enhance cardiovascular function and overall health through physical activity. Findings: The findings from the research underscore the significant positive effects of exercise training on the blood circulation system, highlighting its role in promoting beneficial health outcomes and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and other related conditions. The studies reviewed demonstrate that exercise training leads to physiological and molecular changes that contribute to improved cardiovascular function, emphasizing the importance of regular physical activity for cardiovascular health and overall well-being.
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Dolgova, E. V., A. A. Fedorovich, T. V. Martynyuk, A. N. Rogoza, and I. E. Chazova. "Features of cutaneous microcirculatory blood flow in patients with pulmonary hypertension of different etiology." Systemic Hypertension 13, no. 3 (2016): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/sg29143.
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Aim: to evaluate features of the functional state of microvascular bed of the skin in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated to congenital cardiac disease (PAH-CCD) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods. In study included 25 patients (41.6±15.8) with PAH-CCD, 25 patients (48.8±14.2) with CTEPH and 25 healthy volunteers (39.3±10.1 years). All the patients underwent a six-minute walking test (6-MWT), transthoracic echocardiography, thorax organs radiography, right heart catheterization (RHC) and Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) with amplitude and frequency wavelet analysis of blood flow oscillations and evaluation of constrictory and dilatatoryskin resistive microvesselsfunctions. Results. In the PAH-CCD in relation to the CTEPH groupaccording to the RHC were noted significantly higher values of systolic pressure in pulmonary artery (93.2 and 77.8 mm Hg respectively) and venous mixted blood saturation(63 and 57% Hg respectively). On this background 6- MWT distance was 356 and 325 m, the Borg dyspnea scale index was on average 3.12 and 3.76 respectively. According to the LDF pulseoximetry PAH-CCD and CTEPH patients had 90.1 and 94.7% respectively. According to the LDF with amplitude and frequency wavelet analysis the PAH-CCD patients had sig-nificantly higher values of the amplitude of myogenic, respiratory and pulse sectionof blood flow modulation, and also increased constrictory activity smooth muscle cells of skin precapillary arterioles in response to the stretching at venous occlusion and decreased dilatatory reserve at post-occlusi-ve reactive hyperemia. According to the LDF the CTEPH patients had elongationof time development of microvessel constriction in response to acti-vation of sympathetic nervous systemin respiratory and cold tests. Conclusion. According to the LDF functional state of skin microvessels in systemic circulation of the CTEPH patients was comparable with control groupexcept for elongation of time development of microvessel reactions for sympathetic vasoconstrictor stimulations. The PAH-CCD patients demonstrated basal tonus decreasing of smooth muscle cells of skin precapillary arterioles in systemic circulation, which can be regarded as a manifestation of autoregulatory response to systemic hypoxia.
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Chen, Y., M. P. Chandler, and S. E. DiCarlo. "Daily exercise and gender influence postexercise cardiac autonomic responses in hypertensive rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 272, no. 3 (1997): H1412—H1418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.272.3.h1412.
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The influence of daily spontaneous running (DSR) and gender on postexercise cardiac autonomic responses was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Rats were weaned at 4-5 wk of age and were randomly assigned to a sedentary (7 males and 6 females) or DSR (7 males and 8 females) group. After 8 weeks of DSR or sedentary control, rats were chronically instrumented with arterial and venous catheters. After 5 days of recovery, cardiac sympathetic (ST) and parasympathetic tonus (PT) were determined (by the response of heart rate to receptor antagonists) on alternate days under two experimental conditions: no exercise and postexercise. After a single bout of dynamic treadmill exercise (12 m/min, 10% grade for 40 min) ST was reduced (P < 0.05) (male sedentary: no exercise 45 +/- 4 vs. postexercise 28 +/- 3 beats/min; female sedentary: no exercise 69 +/- 10 vs. postexercise 37 +/- 7 beats/ min). PT was also altered after exercise (male sedentary: no exercise -31 +/- 4 vs. postexercise -11 +/- 2 beats/min; female sedentary: no exercise -5 +/- 4 vs. postexercise 7 +/- 4 beats/min). After DSR, ST was reduced (male sedentary 45 +/- 4 vs. DSR 22 +/- 3 beats/min; female sedentary 69 +/- 10 vs. DSR 36 +/- 4 beats/min) (P < 0.05). Finally, male rats had a lower ST and higher PT than female rats. These results demonstrate that 1) ST was reduced after a single bout of dynamic exercise; 2) ST was reduced after DSR; 3) the autonomic response to acute exercise was attenuated after DSR; and 4) there was a gender influence on the cardiac autonomic function.
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Babiychuk, L. V., V. G. Babiychuk, LA A. Sirotenko, N. G. Malova, and S. N. Koval. "Effect of cryopreserved nucleated cord blood cells on homeostasis state in animals of different age groups under stress-induced arterial hypertension." Genes & Cells 9, no. 4 (2014): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.23868/gc120396.
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Arterial hypertension (AH) might be entirely referred to the socially important pathologies by its prevalence, impact on quality of life and contribution to mortality rate. Nowadays there is accumulated a great number of data testifying to a positive therapeutic effect of cord blood-derived preparations on both different organs and systems, and the whole body as well. This research was aimed to study the dynamics of changes in the indices of heart rate variability (HRV) spectral analysis and lipid homeostasis in blood serum of animals from different age groups under neurogenic stress-induced AH prior to and after administering cryopreserved preparation of cord blood nucleated cells (CB NCs). Neurogenic stress-induced AH caused by emotional and painful stresses was established to be accompanied by a significant decrease in all the studied HRV parameters, as well as disorders in lipid composition of blood serum in rats irrespective of their age. There was observed a decreased activity of autonomic regulation of cardiac rhythm, as well as the tendency to reduction of humoral and metabolic effects. Administration of CB NCs cryopreserved preparation was shown to result in an increased tonus of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of autonomic nervous system, as well as humoral link of regulation, that testified to the presence in experimental animals of developed balanced autonomic regulation. In addition the application of CB NCs preparation leveled the state of lipid profile indices, observed at the background of stress-induced AH, and the preparation itself had an antiatherogenic effect and might significantly improve blood rheology.
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Mitiuriaieva-Korniiko, I. O., O. V. Kuleshov, K. V. Pivtorak, Ya A. Medrazhevska, and L. O. Fik. "Response of autonomic nervous system in children with mitral valve prolapse to physical exercises." Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, no. 3(131) (April 28, 2023): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2023.131.46.
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The problem of cardiovascular diseases diagnosing is topical. The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) has been increasing over the past decades, which requires a differentiated study to prevent its complications in children. Purpose - to explore the reaction of the autonomic nervous system to physical exercises in children with MVP, taking into account the mitral regurgitation (MR). Materials and methods. 44 children with MVP were examined and divided into two groups considering MR aged from 13 to 17 years old. The Group 1 consisted from 20 (45.5%) children with MVP without MR, the Group 2 - 24 (54.5%) children with MVP without MR. It were studied the influence of physical activity on the state of vegetative homeostasis in these children. The estimation of autonomic system state and heart rhythm variability parameters, including spectral and frequency analyses were conducted by cardiointervalography. Estimation of these parameters was performed after physical exercises and compared with primary results. Results. Increasing of VLf (Very low frequency) and Lf (Low frequency) data parameters on 32.7% and 65.6% in children with MVP without MR was noted which shows the prevalence of sympathetic part of autonomic nervous system (ANS), while in children with MR - on 40.5% and 85%, respectively, that is 7.8 and 19.5% more than in children without MR. This can be associated with increased sympathicotonia against the background of the MR presence. Among the parameters which describe the parasympathetic part of the ANS, there was an increase in Hf (High frequency) by 67.0% in children without MR, when it appears, this parameter decreases by 9,1% - we observe an increase in relative sympathicotonia. Increase of sympathetic tonus was also noted in Lf/Hf elevation by 3.8% (without MR) and by 28% (with MR). The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) time parameters expectedly had changes within reducing of SDNN (Standard deviation of the NN (R-R) intervals) by almost half (p<0.05) in children of both subgroups and the increase of rMSSD (root mean square of successive R-R interval differences) by 23.2% in children without MR (р<0.05), and with the appearance of MR decrease of this parameter by 24.3% was noted. Therefore, in children with MVP, with the appearance of MR, changes in the parameters that characterize the state of ANS with sympathicotonia increasing and parasympathicotonia weakening. Conclusions. In children with MVP, against the background of physical exertion, there is an increase in changes in the balance of the ANS, regardless to the presence or absence of MR. In children with MVP, against the background of MR, the influence of the sympathetic division of the ANS increases almost twice after physical exertion. These children should be under the close supervision of pediatricians, pediatric cardiologists and family doctors. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
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Shevchuk, Sergii, and Володимир Корчинський. "HORMONAL AND VEGETATIVE FACTORS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION." Problems of Endocrine Pathology 77, no. 3 (2021): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21856/j-pep.2021.3.13.
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The combination of arterial hypertension (AH) and insulin resistance (IR) significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. Research objective: Studying indices of carbohydrate metabolism, activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, calcium-regulating hormones, adrenal glucocorticoid function, the condition of the autonomic nervous system and their possible interrelation with hemodynamic parameters in AH patients with different insulin sensitivity. A comprehensive study of hormonal profile was held with use of radio immune method and that of central hemodynamics with use of echocardiography in 72 patients with arterial hypertension stage II, 1-2 degrees, male (mean age – 54.1±3.4 years), with a body mass index up to 30 kg / mІ and verified insulin resistance (IR), in 32 patients of which insulin resistance (IR) was revealed, and in 40 patients its absence was fixed. Insulin resistance was verified by the value of HOMA-IR in excess of 2,77. To assess the condition of the autonomic nervous system, studies of heart rate variability were performed. It is established that patients with hypertension with IR had increased level of plasma renin activity, levels of angiotensin II, cortisol, insulin, parathyroid hormone, decreased parasympathetic and increased sympathetic tonus. According to the results of factor analysis, AH with insulin resistance has a distinctive structure of neurohumoral regulation of the main indicators of central hemodynamics and interhormonal interactions; the direct regulatory effects of angiotensin II, insulin, progesterone, parathyroid hormone on the indicators of central hemodynamics, modulation of presorption action increases. The study not only revealed peculiarities of neurohumoral profiles in patients with hypertension depending on insulin resistance, but also determined distinctive features in structure of the regulatory process of central hemodynamics and interhormonal interactions. This should be taken into account when prescribing antihypertensive therapy.
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Shevchuk, Sergii, and Володимир Корчинський. "HORMONAL AND VEGETATIVE FACTORS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION." Problems of Endocrine Pathology 77, no. 3 (2021): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21856/j-pep.2021.3.13.
Full textAbstract:
The combination of arterial hypertension (AH) and insulin resistance (IR) significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. Research objective: Studying indices of carbohydrate metabolism, activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, calcium-regulating hormones, adrenal glucocorticoid function, the condition of the autonomic nervous system and their possible interrelation with hemodynamic parameters in AH patients with different insulin sensitivity. A comprehensive study of hormonal profile was held with use of radio immune method and that of central hemodynamics with use of echocardiography in 72 patients with arterial hypertension stage II, 1-2 degrees, male (mean age – 54.1±3.4 years), with a body mass index up to 30 kg / mІ and verified insulin resistance (IR), in 32 patients of which insulin resistance (IR) was revealed, and in 40 patients its absence was fixed. Insulin resistance was verified by the value of HOMA-IR in excess of 2,77. To assess the condition of the autonomic nervous system, studies of heart rate variability were performed. It is established that patients with hypertension with IR had increased level of plasma renin activity, levels of angiotensin II, cortisol, insulin, parathyroid hormone, decreased parasympathetic and increased sympathetic tonus. According to the results of factor analysis, AH with insulin resistance has a distinctive structure of neurohumoral regulation of the main indicators of central hemodynamics and interhormonal interactions; the direct regulatory effects of angiotensin II, insulin, progesterone, parathyroid hormone on the indicators of central hemodynamics, modulation of presorption action increases. The study not only revealed peculiarities of neurohumoral profiles in patients with hypertension depending on insulin resistance, but also determined distinctive features in structure of the regulatory process of central hemodynamics and interhormonal interactions. This should be taken into account when prescribing antihypertensive therapy.
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Baranova, Tatyana, Ekaterina Podyacheva, Tatyana Zemlyanukhina, et al. "Vascular Reactions of the Diving Reflex in Men and Women Carrying Different ADRA1A Genotypes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 16 (2022): 9433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169433.
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The diving reflex is an oxygen-saving mechanism which is accompanied by apnea, reflex bradycardia development, peripheral vasoconstriction, spleen erythrocyte release, and selective redistribution of blood flow to the organs most vulnerable to lack of oxygen, such as the brain, heart, and lungs. However, this is a poorly studied form of hypoxia, with a knowledge gap on physiological and biochemical adaptation mechanisms. The reflective sympathetic constriction of the resistive vessels is realized via ADRA1A. It has been shown that ADRA1A SNP (p.Arg347Cys; rs1048101) is associated with changes in tonus in vessel walls. Moreover, the Cys347 allele has been shown to regulate systolic blood pressure. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the ADRA1A polymorphism affected the pulmonary vascular reactions in men and women in response to the diving reflex. Men (n = 52) and women (n = 50) untrained in diving aged 18 to 25 were recruited into the study. The vascular reactions and blood flow were examined by integrated rheography and rheography of the pulmonary artery. Peripheral blood circulation was registered by plethysmography. The ADRA1A gene polymorphism (p.Arg347Cys; rs1048101) was determined by PCR-RFLP. In both men and women, reflective pulmonary vasodilation did occur in response to the diving reflex, but in women this vasodilation was more pronounced and was accompanied by a higher filling of the lungs with blood.. Additionally, ADRA1A SNP (p.Arg347Cys; rs1048101) is associated with sex. Interestingly, women with the Arg347 allele demonstrated the highest vasodilation of the lung vessels. Therefore, our data may help to indicate women with the most prominent adaptive reactions to the diving reflex. Our data also indicate that women and men with the Cys allele of the ADRA1A gene polymorphism have the highest risk of developing lung hypertension in response to the diving reflex. The diving reflex is an oxygen-saving mechanism which is accompanied by apnea, reflex bradycardia development, peripheral vasoconstriction, spleen erythrocyte release, and selective redistribution of blood flow to the organs most vulnerable to lack of oxygen, such as the brain, heart, and lungs. However, this is a poorly studied form of hypoxia, with a knowledge gap on physiological and biochemical adaptation mechanisms.
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Iacovelli, F., M. Napolitano, A. Federici, and G. Sorrentino. "A Model for the Relationship Between the Arterial Pressure and the Heart Period." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 111, no. 4 (1989): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3168388.
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This paper provides a simple model for predicting the relationship between steadystate heart rate and arterial blood pressure. Two current state-of-the-art models of the cardiovascular system as a pump operating in its circuit are reformulated and combined in order to highlight the role of the duration of the heart cycle. The proposed model establishes that the cardiac cycle lengthens linearly with the inverse of the average blood pressure. Experimental data are reported for sixteen preoperated conscious dogs resting quietly on their sides. Vagal and sympathetic blocks have been produced in four dogs in order to obtain a wide range of sympathetic and parasympathetic tones, namely, to cover the entire range of physiological values of the heart rate. For these dogs a comparison between the experimental values and the theoretical predictions shows a good agreement, the results of the linear regression model being statistically significant at the p = 0.001 level for three dogs and at the p = 0.01 level for the fourth dog.
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Posokhova, K. A., та I. P. Stechyshyn. "Зміни реакції автономної нервової системи та біометричних показників при експериментальному цукровому діабеті типу 1 та за участі різних форм кверцетину = Changes in the reactions of the autonomic nervous system and biometrical indices in experimental diabetes mellitus type 1 and under the influence of different forms of quercetinum". Journal of Health Sciences 4, № 12 (2014): 167–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13127.
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<strong>Posokhova K. A., Stechyshyn I. P. </strong><strong>Зміни реакції автономної нервової системи та біометричних показників при експериментальному цукровому діабеті типу 1 та за участі різних </strong><strong>форм кверцетину</strong><strong> = </strong><strong>Changes in the reactions of the autonomic nervous system and biometrical indices in experimental diabetes mellitus type 1 and under the influence of different forms of quercetinum. </strong><strong>Journal of Health Sciences. 2014;4(12):167-174. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X.</strong> <strong>http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/article/view/2014%3B4%2812%29%3A167-174</strong> <strong>https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/491366</strong> <strong>DOI: </strong><strong>10.5281/zenodo.13127</strong> <strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13127</strong> <strong>The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1107. (17.12.2013).</strong> <strong>© The Author (s) 2014;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Radom University in Radom, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, </strong> <strong>provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License </strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial </strong> <strong>use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>Conflict of interest: None declared. Received: 10.11.2014. Revised 05.12.2014. Accepted: 06.12.2014.</strong> <strong>УДК</strong> 616.839-008.6-02:616.379-008.64-085.356:547.814.5]-092.9 <strong>UDC </strong>616.839-008.6-02:616.379-008.64-085.356:547.814.5]-092.9 <strong>Зміни реакції автономної нервової системи та біометричних показників при експериментальному цукровому діабеті типу 1 та за участі різних </strong><strong>форм кверцетину</strong> <strong>Changes in the reactions of the autonomic nervous system and biometrical indices in experimental diabetes mellitus type 1 and under the influence of different forms of quercetinum</strong> <strong>Катерина Посохова</strong><strong>, </strong><strong>Ірина Стечишин</strong> <strong>K</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>A</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>Posokhova</strong><strong>, </strong><strong>I</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>P</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>Stechyshyn</strong> <strong>I. Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine</strong> <strong>Abstract</strong> Diabetic cardiomyopathy is common in patients with diabetes type I with the labile course, tendency to ketoacidosis, reduced body weight and affection of small blood vessels. The aim of the research was to determine the nature of reaction of the autonomic nervous system and changes of biometrical indices in experimental diabetes type 1 and under the influence of different forms of quercetinum. White outbred mature male rats were used in experiments. For diabetes type 1 modelling single intraperitoneal STZ injection (50 mg/kg) was used. In 14 days after the injection animals were divided into 3 groups: animals with diabetes without treatment; rats which were injected water-soluble form of quercetin (WQ); rats which were injected liposomal form of the bioflavonoid (LQ). Body weight, heart weight, heart mass ratio, tolerance of animals to physical activity (swimming test), level of glucose in blood were defined. The state of the autonomic nervous system was estimated according to the indices of cardiointervalography (CIG). Quercetin preparations at the experimental diabetes I type contributed to the improvement of the mass metrical parameters and functional state of the autonomic regulation of heart activity, causing normalization the majority of its indices and as a result, increased the tolerance of animals to physical activity (duration of swimming). Under the influence of the preparations vagal influence on the heart has been progressively reduced and the restoration of balance between the tonus of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system and centralization of control of heart rhythm were observed. It is important to mention that for the most of biometrical indices and indices of heart rhythm variability the activity of liposomal form of quercetin was more pronounced as compared to its water soluble form. It is possible that this effect was due to liposomes. <strong>Key words: diabetes, heart, autonomous nervous system, quercetin.</strong> <strong>Анотація</strong> Діабетична кардіоміопатія часто зустрічається у хворих на ЦД 1 типу з лабільним перебігом, схильністю до кетоацидозу, зниженою масою тіла й ураженням дрібних судин. Метою дослідження стало встановлення характеру реакції автономної нервової системи та змін біометричних показників при експериментальному цукровому діабеті типу 1 та за участі різних форм кверцетину. У досліді використовувались білі аутбредні статевозрілі щури–самці, які поділено на групи. Для відтворення ЦД 1 одноразово вводили STZ внутрішньоочеревинно в дозі 50 мг/кг. Після 14 днів тварин з патологією розділяли знову. Частині вводили водорозчинну форму кверцетину (Корвітин), частині – ліпосомальну (Ліпофлавон). Визначали масу тварин, масу серця, масовий коефіцієнт серця, толерантність тварин до навантаження (проба плавання), визначали рівень глюкози у крові. Стан автономної нервової системи оцінювали за показниками кардіоінтервалограми (КІГ). Препарати кверцетину при експериментальному цукровому діабеті типу 1 сприяли покращанню масометричних показників та функціонального стану автономної регуляції діяльності серця, викликаючи нормалізацію більшості показників останньої, і, як наслідок, збільшували толерантність тварин до фізичного навантаження. Під впливом препаратів прогресивно слабшав вагусний вплив на серце і відбувалось відновлення співвідношення між тонусом симпатичного та парасимпатичного відділів автономної нервової системи та централізації керування серцевим ритмом. Варто зазначити, що саме Ліпофлавон проявляв кращу активність стосовно більшості біометричних показників та показників варіабельності серцевого ритму. Можливо, даний ефект крім кверцетину також зумовлений саме наявністю ліпосом у ліпосомальній формі. <strong>Ключові слова: автономна нервова система, серце, антиоксиданти, кверцетин.</strong>
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Bai, Yan, Nandakumar Selvaraj, Kyle Petersen, et al. "The autonomic effects of cardiopulmonary decompression sickness in swine using principal dynamic mode analysis." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 305, no. 7 (2013): R748—R758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00150.2012.
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Methods to predict onset of cardiopulmonary (CP) decompression sickness (DCS) would be of great benefit to clinicians caring for stricken divers. Principal dynamic mode (PDM) analysis of the electrocardiogram has been shown to provide accurate separation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic tone dynamics. Nine swine (Sus scrofa) underwent a 15-h saturation dive at 184 kPa (60 ft. of saltwater) in a hyperbaric chamber followed by dropout decompression, whereas six swine, used as a control, underwent a 15-h saturation dive at 15 kPa (5 ft. of saltwater). Noninvasive electrocardiograms were recorded throughout the experiment and autonomic nervous system dynamics were evaluated by heart rate series analysis using power spectral density (PSD) and PDM methods. We observed a significant increase in the sympathetic and parasympathetic tones using the PDM method on average 20 min before DCS onset following a sudden induction of decompression. Parasympathetic activities remained elevated, but the sympathetic modulation was significantly reduced at onset of cutis and CP DCS signs, as reported by a trained observer. Similar nonsignificant observations occurred during PSD analysis. PDM observations contrast with previous work showing that neurological DCS resulted in a >50% reduction in both sympathetic and parasympathetic tone. Therefore, tracking dynamics of the parasympathetic tones via the PDM method may allow discrimination between CP DCS and neurological DCS, and this significant increase in parasympathetic tone has potential use as a marker for early diagnosis of CP DCS.
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Bayguzhin, P. A., D. Z. Shibkova, A. E. Batueva, A. A. Kudryashov, and O. V. Bayguzhina. "RESPONSIVENESS OF AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM UNDER EMOTIOGENIC VIDEO CONTENT IN STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT INITIAL VEGETATIVE TONES." Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/2227-1848-2019-4-124-135.
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The goal of the paper is to reveal the peculiarities of the autonomous nervous system responsiveness under emotiogenic video content in students with different initial vegetative tones. Materials and Methods. The authors examined 33 volunteers, their average age was 21.4±1.5. According to the stress index (SI), the subjects were divided into two groups: in the 1st group (n=14) a sympathetic tone of the autonomic nervous system prevailed (SI>140); in the 2nd group (n=19) initially, there dominated a parasympathetic tone (SI<140). Viewing video content with emotiogenic fragments served as a model for emotion induction. The responsibility of the autonomic nervous system was determined according to the change of indicators in temporal (RRNN, SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50) and mathematical analysis (heart rate, M, Mo, AMo, index of vegetative balance, vegetative rhythm indicator, tension index) of the cardiac rhythmogram. The cardiac rhythmogram was divided into successive analysis steps, which lasted 100 cardiac cycles synchronized with each episode of the stimulus video. Results. Regardless of the video valency, the indicators of a temporary RMSSD and pNN50 analysis are sensitive indicators of heart rate variability under emotiogenic video content in individuals with initial parasympathetic tone; in individuals with initial sympathetic tone these are the indicators of mathematical analysis – the index of vegetative balance and index of tension while watching a video evoking negative emotions. The revealed peculiarities of the vegetative body support at the stages following the exposure to the emotiogenic factors characterize stress-reactive thinking or rumination. The authors registered significant increase in heart rate in individuals with initial parasympathetic tone, whereas in individuals with initial sympathetic tone, there was a certain increase in vagal activity associated with SDNN and pNN50 increase. Conclusion. While evaluating the emotiogenic factor influence on the organism, evident in the autonomic nervous system responsiveness, one should consider the initial autonomic tone of the subjects, the degree of variability, the intensity of changes, and the sensitivity of heart rate variability. Keywords: reactivity, autonomic nervous system, heart rate variability, emotiogenic factor, video content, rumination, students. Цель работы. Выявить особенности реактивности автономной нервной системы при воздействии эмоциогенного видеоконтента у студентов с различным исходным вегетативным тонусом. Материалы и методы. На основании добровольного согласия обследовано 33 чел., средний возраст которых составил 21,4±1,5 года. В зависимости от величины индекса напряжения (ИН) обследуемые были разделены на две группы: 1-я группа (n=14) – с преобладанием симпатического тонуса автономной нервной системы (ИН>140 ед.); 2-я группа (n=19) – с исходным преобладанием парасимпатического тонуса (ИН<140 ед.). Моделью индукции эмоций являлся просмотр видеоконтента, содержащего эмоциогенные фрагменты. Реактивность автономной нервной системы определялась по степени изменения показателей временного (RRNN, SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50) и математического анализа (ЧСС, M, Mo, AMo, ИВР, ВПР, ИН) кардиоритмограммы. Кардиоритмограмма делилась на последовательные этапы анализа, длительность которых составляла 100 кардиоциклов, синхронизированных с каждым фрагментом стимульного видеоряда. Результаты. Чувствительными показателями вариабельности сердечного ритма при воздействии эмоциогенного видеоконтента у лиц с исходным парасимпатическим тонусом являются показатели временного анализа RMSSD и pNN50, независимо от валентности видеоролика; у лиц с исходным симпатическим тонусом – показатели математического анализа – индекс вегетативного равновесия (ИВР) и ИН при восприятии видеоролика, индуцирующего отрицательные эмоции. Выявленные особенности вегетативного обеспечения организма на этапах, следующих после воздействия эмоциогенного фактора, характерны для состояния стресс-реактивного размышления, или руминации. У лиц с исходным парасимпатическим тонусом регистрировалось значимое увеличение ЧСС, у лиц с исходным симпатическим тонусом – характерное увеличение вагусной активности на фоне увеличения показателей SDNN и pNN50. Выводы. Эффекты воздействия эмоциогенного фактора на организм, выраженные в особенностях реактивности автономной нервной системы, должны оцениваться с учетом исходного вегетативного тонуса обследуемых, степени вариативности, интенсивности изменений, а также чувствительности показателей вариабельности сердечного ритма. Ключевые слова: реактивность, автономная нервная система, вариабельность сердечного ритма, эмоциогенный фактор, видеоконтент, руминация, студенты.
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Hsu, Chih-Neng, Chin-Feng Hsuan, Daniel Liao, et al. "Anti-Diabetic Therapy and Heart Failure: Recent Advances in Clinical Evidence and Molecular Mechanism." Life 13, no. 4 (2023): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13041024.
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Diabetic patients have a two- to four-fold increase in the risk of heart failure (HF), and the co-existence of diabetes and HF is associated with poor prognosis. In randomized clinical trials (RCTs), compelling evidence has demonstrated the beneficial effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on HF. The mechanism includes increased glucosuria, restored tubular glomerular feedback with attenuated renin–angiotensin II–aldosterone activation, improved energy utilization, decreased sympathetic tone, improved mitochondria calcium homeostasis, enhanced autophagy, and reduced cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. The RCTs demonstrated a neutral effect of the glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist on HF despite its weight-reducing effect, probably due to it possibly increasing the heart rate via increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Observational studies supported the markedly beneficial effects of bariatric and metabolic surgery on HF despite no current supporting evidence from RCTs. Bromocriptine can be used to treat peripartum cardiomyopathy by reducing the harmful cleaved prolactin fragments during late pregnancy. Preclinical studies suggest the possible beneficial effect of imeglimin on HF through improving mitochondrial function, but further clinical evidence is needed. Although abundant preclinical and observational studies support the beneficial effects of metformin on HF, there is limited evidence from RCTs. Thiazolidinediones increase the risk of hospitalized HF through increasing renal tubular sodium reabsorption mediated via both the genomic and non-genomic action of PPARγ. RCTs suggest that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, including saxagliptin and possibly alogliptin, may increase the risk of hospitalized HF, probably owing to increased circulating vasoactive peptides, which impair endothelial function, activate sympathetic tones, and cause cardiac remodeling. Observational studies and RCTs have demonstrated the neutral effects of insulin, sulfonylureas, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, and lifestyle interventions on HF in diabetic patients.
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Tran, Thi Phuoc Yen, Philippe Pouliot, Elie Bou Assi, et al. "Heart Rate Variability in Insulo-Opercular Epilepsy." Brain Sciences 11, no. 11 (2021): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111505.
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Background: We aimed to evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) changes in insulo-opercular epilepsy (IOE) and after insulo-opercular surgery. Methods: We analyzed 5-min resting HRV of IOE patients before and after surgery. Patients’ SUDEP-7 risk inventory scores were also calculated. Results were compared with age- and sex-matched patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and healthy individuals. Results: There were no differences in HRV measurements between IOE, TLE, and healthy control groups (and within each IOE group and TLE group) in preoperative and postoperative periods. In IOE patients, the SUDEP-7 score was positively correlated with pNN50 (percentage of successive RR intervals that differ by more than 50 ms) (p = 0.008) and RMSSD (root mean square of successive RR interval differences) (p = 0.019). We stratified IOE patients into those whose preoperative RMSSD values were below (Group 1a = 7) versus above (Group 1b = 9) a cut-off threshold of 31 ms (median value of a healthy population from a previous study). In group 1a, all HRV values significantly increased after surgery. In group 1b, time-domain parameters significantly decreased postoperatively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in IOE, HRV may be either decreased in parasympathetic tone or increased globally in both sympathetic and parasympathetic tones. We found no evidence that insulo-opercular surgeries lead to major autonomic dysfunction when a good seizure outcome is reached. The increase in parasympathetic tone observed preoperatively may be of clinical concern, as it was positively correlated with the SUDEP-7 score.
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Mongue-Din, H., A. Salmon, M. Y. Fiszman, and Y. Fromes. "Periodic variation in R-R intervals and cardiovascular autonomic regulation in young adult Syrian hamsters." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 296, no. 3 (2009): R610—R617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90376.2008.
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Several hamster strains are commonly used as models for cardiomyopathic phenotypes evolving toward heart failure. However, little is known about heart rate variability (HRV) in this species. Prolonged surface ECG recording, a prerequisite to HRV studies, can be obtained either by telemetry or by restraints. Here, we performed long time ECG recording using telemetry on young adult Syrian hamsters and we analyzed time series of interbeat intervals. Standard statistics showed that the mean of normal R-R intervals slightly increased with age, with standard deviation of normal R-R intervals remaining stable over time. However, time domain analysis using Poincaré plots revealed dynamic changes in the HRV. Analysis of frequency domains revealed that the ratio of spectral components (low frequency/high frequency) exhibited a maturation pattern. Thus refined analysis of HRV revealed a more complex pattern than common statistical analysis would translate. Unlike other rodents, hamsters display a great spontaneous variability of their heart rate. As the complexity canvas of HRV might be the consequence of extracardiac regulation factors, we assessed the sympathovagal balance in both time and frequency domain of heart rate. Pharmacological tests revealed that both sympathetic and vagal tones contribute to HRV in Syrian hamsters. Thus Syrian hamsters have a broad intrinsic HRV with large influences of the neurovegetative system. However, the influence of the previous beat seems to prevail over the autonomic oscillators. These animals present a high sensitivity to artificially altered cardiac regulation and might be great models for the diagnosis of early alterations in the HRV related to pathology. Therefore, Syrian hamsters represent a unique model for HRV studies.
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Ippolitova, T., and E. Stepura. "Macruse index for assessing the functional state of the heart activity of the Jersey breed cows." Genetics and breeding of animals, no. 2 (August 5, 2023): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-107-113.
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Purpose: to determine the values of the macruse index in the clinically healthy cows of the Jersey breed with different vegetative tones. Materials and methods. The characteristics of the ECG and the variability of the rhythm of the heart were learned in 103 goals of the Jersey breed. For the analysis and record of the Jersey cattle ECG, the Conan-4.5 program was used on the frontal diverting system according to the method of M. P. Roshchevsky. ECG was recorded two to three hours before eating. Clinical studies included palpation, percussion and auscultation in strict accordance with the methodology of clinical examination of animals according to B. V. The work was calculated in the work of the macrose index, it is the ratio of the duration of the tooth P to the duration of the PQ segment (the difference between the duration of the Ruz P and the PQ interval) or is the fraction of the time of the cardiopulse by atrium to the total time of the atrioventricular conduct Results. The obtained electrophysiological indicator of the Jersey breed cows - the macruse index in a state of relative rest, characterizes the normal functioning of cardiac activity, and when they change their pathological conditions. This indicator was 0,29-0,81, its change is associated with an increase in the time of atrioventricular conduction and the expansion of the P-Q interval as a result of this interval. On the ECG, the clinically healthy cows of the Jersey breed with the alleged initial vegetative tone of “Varoidony” the Macruse index was 0.29 ± 0.01. In this group, the parasympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system prevails. For healthy studied animals with the proposed initial vegetative tone of Normotonia, the macruse index was 0.38 ± 0.01. This group is characterized by the equilibrium state of homeostasis between CO and the autonomic nervous system. For animals with the alleged initial vegetative tone of the “sympathycotony”, the macruse index was 0,59±0,01. In this group, the vegetative balance takes place towards the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system. And for "hypercimpaticotonics" the macruse index was 0,81±0,01. In this group there is a “goature” of the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system.
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Króliczewska, Bożena, Ihor Hryshchuk, Valentyn Karpovskyi, Olena Zhurenko, and Vasyl Todoryuk. "Influence of autonomic nervous system tone on the content of cholesterol and lipoproteins of different density in the blood of cows." Ukrainian journal of veterinary sciences 14, no. 3 (2023): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/veterinary3.2023.85.
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The relevance of the study lies in the investigation of the influence of the autonomic nervous system tone on the content of lipids in the body of cows, which is important to consider in order to ensure the high productivity of the dairy herd and balance diets in animal feeding. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the tone of the ganglion nervous system on the content of cholesterol and lipoproteins of various densities in the blood of dairy cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White breed. To determine heart rate variability, an electrocardiograph was used with subsequent measurement of the main indicators according to the Baevsky stress index, which included determining the mode, its amplitude, variation range, autonomous equilibrium index, autonomous rhythm indicator, and stress index. Three experimental groups were formed from experimental cows: normotonics, vagotonics, and sympathotonics. The content of lipoproteins in blood plasma was determined using a Sinnova BS-3000 biochemical analyser (China). According to the results of biochemical analysis, differences in the obtained indicators were established among experimental groups of cows with different tones of the autonomic nervous system. This is due to the fact that activation of the sympathetic nerve branch leads to changes in liver function, which affects the production of glucose in the body. This can lead to increased cholesterol production. In addition, an increased tone of the sympathetic branch can stimulate the activity of enzymes responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol, and lead to a decrease in the level of hormones that regulate its synthesis and transport in the body. In particular, vagotonic animals had the highest blood content of total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins. Sympathotonics showed the lowest blood values for total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins. Normotonics occupied an intermediate place among the experimental groups of cows. A detailed study of this issue reveals the features of the influence of the autonomic nervous system tone on the indicators of lipid metabolism in the blood of cows, which is important to consider in production to effectively solve issues related to maintaining their productivity and improving the quality of milk
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Souček, M., T. Kára, P. Jurák, et al. "Heart rate and increased intravascular volume." Physiological Research, 2003, 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.930259.
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The objective was to establish whether an intravascular volume increase leads to a heart rate (HR) increase without increased sympathetic tonus. HR changes at rest and at deep breathing (6/min - simulated increase of atrial filling pressure) were measured in patients after heart transplantation. Evaluation of dependency of HR changes on breathing depth was done through a new time series methodology. The data was evaluated through graphs displaying a significant increase in the graph area at deep breathing, when compared with breathing at rest (p<0.01). We presume that an increase in HR corresponds to increased intravascular volume and malfunctioning kidneys.
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Tybinka, Аndrii, Marta Zakrevska, and Olga Shchebentovska. "Morphometric and Histochemical Features of the Harderian Gland in Rabbits with Different Types of Autonomous Regulation." Macedonian Veterinary Review, September 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/macvetrev-2022-0024.
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Abstract The tonus of autonomous centers reflected in the morpho-functional features of the organs in mammals. The study aimed to establish the influence of the autonomous regulation and its’ typological peculiarities on the structural features of the rabbits’ Harderian gland. Clinically healthy male rabbits, four months old, weighing 3.6-3.9 kg, were selected for the research. Based on the study of heart rate variability, three types of autonomous regulation were outlined, according to which three groups of rabbits were formed: ST rabbits (sympathetic dominant regulation), PS rabbits (parasympathetic dominant regulation), and NT rabbits (combined sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation). After euthanasia, the Harderian gland was dissected in all animals. Histological specimens were prepared and a morphometric examination was performed. ST rabbits corresponded to the minimal indicators in the tubular alveoli in both parts of the gland, as well as the maximum indicators of capsule thickness. NT rabbits corresponded to the maximum values of the acini area in the pink lobe, and in the white lobe - the maximal values of the cross-sectional area of the tubular alveoli, its wall area, and the epithelium height. The maximum acini area corresponded to PS rabbits in the white lobe, and in the pink lobe - the maximum indicators of the tubular alveoli cross-sectional area, and epithelial height. The pink and white lobes’ structure of the rabbit’s Harderian gland was affected by the combined tonus of the sympathetic and parasympathetic centers. The findings elucidate the regulatory and trophic effects on the Harderian gland in rabbits.
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Blanco-Rivero, Javier, Gisele Kruger Couto, Suliana Mesquita Paula, Milene Tavares Fontes, and Luciana Venturini Rossoni. "Enhanced sympathetic neurotransduction in the superior mesenteric artery in a rat model of heart failure: role of noradrenaline and ATP." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, November 8, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00444.2020.
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Heart failure (HF) is associated with neurohumoral activation, which in turn leads to an increased peripheral resistance. In mesenteric vasculature, perivascular innervation plays relevant role maintaining vascular tonus and resistance. Therefore, we aimed to determine the possible alterations in superior mesenteric artery (SMA) perivascular innervation function in HF rats. HF was induced by coronary artery occlusion in male Wistar rats, and sham-operated (SO) rats were used as controls. After 12 weeks, a greater vasoconstrictor response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) was observed in endothelium-intact and -denuded SMA of HF rats. Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine diminished this response in a higher magnitude in HF than in SO animals. However, the noradrenaline (NA) reuptake inhibitor desipramine increased EFS-induced vasoconstriction more in segments from HF rats. Besides, EFS-induced NA release was greater in HF animals, due to a higher tyrosine hydroxylase expression and activity. P2 purinoceptor antagonist suramin reduced EFS-induced vasoconstriction only in segments from SO rats, and ATP release was lower in HF than in SO. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor L-NAME enhanced EFS-induced vasoconstriction in a similar extent in both groups. HF was not associated with changes in EFS-induced NO release or the vasodilator response to NO donor sodium nitroprusside. In conclusion, HF post myocardial infarction enhanced noradrenergic function and diminished purinergic co-transmission in SMA and did not change nitrergic innervation. The net effect was an increased sympathetic participation on the EFS-induced vasoconstriction, that could help to understand the neurotransduction involved on the control of vascular tonus in HF.
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Wanner, S. P., J. B. Guimarães, W. Pires, et al. "Physical Exercise-Induced Cardiovascular Adjustments Are Modulated by Muscarinic Cholinoceptors within the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus." Physiological Research, 2010, 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.931649.
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The effects of blocking ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) muscarinic cholinoceptors on cardiovascular responses were investigated in running rats. Animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and fitted with bilateral cannulae into the VMH. After recovering from surgery, the rats were familiarized to running on a treadmill. The animals then had a polyethylene catheter implanted into the left carotid artery to measure blood pressure. Tail skin temperature (Ttail), heart rate, and systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure were measured after bilateral injections of 0.2 μl of 5 × 10−9 mol methylatropine or 0.15 M NaCl solution into the hypothalamus. Cholinergic blockade of the VMH reduced time to fatigue by 31% and modified the temporal profile of cardiovascular and Ttail adjustments without altering their maximal responses. Mean arterial pressure peak was achieved earlier in methylatropine-treated rats, which also showed a 2-min delay in induction of tail skin vasodilation, suggesting a higher sympathetic tonus to peripheral vessels. In conclusion, muscarinic cholinoceptors within the VMH are involved in a neuronal pathway that controls exercise-induced cardiovascular adjustments. Furthermore, blocking of cholinergic transmission increases sympathetic outflow during the initial minutes of exercise, and this higher sympathetic activity may be responsible for the decreased performance.
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Correia Costa, Paula Priscila, Danilo Galvão Rocha, Thaís Aparecida Kazimoto, et al. "Dysautonomia in a Bitch with Hypothyroidism." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 47 (February 7, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.90025.
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Background: Thyroid hormones have important effects on the cardiovascular system, of which the main ones are the increase in the heart response to the autonomic sympathetic nervous system. Heart rate variability is a non-invasive method of assessing autonomic heart modulation, thus being an important form of evaluation in patients with thyroid dysfunctions. This study aimed to report electrocardiographic and heart rate variability data of a dog with hypothyroidism that presented a parasympathetic dysfunction.Case: A 7-year-old female Dalmatian dog was admitted for clinical evaluation in Fortaleza, Brazil. According to the owner, she had been apathetic for a year, had gained weight, always had a sad expression, and her hair was generally brittle and opaque. On physical examination, skin lesions were observed at the end of the spine, extending to the tail region, with the latter showing total alopecia. Low T4 levels confirmed the diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism. Then, a 24-h Holter monitoring was performed, which showed that the animal had sinus arrhythmia associated with moments of second-degree sinoatrial block and rare moments of sinus tachycardia. In addition, moments of premature multifocal ventricular extrasystoles and 1st-degree atrioventricular block were observed. Based on the Holter results, heart rate variability (HRV) was calculated. Regarding the HRV in the frequency domain, 32.16 was obtained in the low frequency (LF) band, 67.84 in the high frequency (HF) band, and the LF / HF ratio was 0.46, with a total power of 5205. As for the HRV in the time domain, RMSSD was 117, pNN50 was 62.64 and SDNN was 384. This showed an increase in the parasympathetic activity of the heart and, due to this increased activity, a second-degree sinoatrial block occurred, which is a sinus function disturbance resulting from the exacerbated parasympathetic activity.Discussion: Beta-adrenergic receptors have their expression and activity altered by thyroid hormones. The sympathetic stimulation on the heart through the activation of these receptors originates a positive inotropic, lusitropic, dromotropic and chronotropic effect. Therefore, in the absence of thyroid hormones, there is a decrease in this stimulation, thus allowing a preponderant parasympathetic tone. In the present report, the increase in the parasympathetic tonus, observed in hypothyroidism, resulted in a reduction in the frequency of sinus firing, slowing of intranodal and sinoatrial conduction, and shortening of the effective refractory period, a combination of factors that led to decreased HR observed in the Holter monitoring. Previous studies have shown that thyroid hormones increase sympathetic activity, mainly in the heart, since they do not act by increasing the production or release of catecholamines, but rather increasing catecholamine response on the heart, due to a positive regulation of Ca2+-ATPase channels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and beta1-adrenergic receptors. Thus, the observed result was already expected, because in hypothyroidism there is a decrease in these hormones that increase the sympathetic activity on the heart and so, the parasympathetic tone was very evident. The study of heart rate variability allows the simple assessment of the autonomic nervous system imbalance, and may be extremely important in the follow-up of diseases that affect this balance, such as hypothyroidism. Hence, more studies are required to verify the effect of such diseases on heart rate variability, aiming to define associations between the diseases and the alterations, as well as to define parameters of normality for such examinations.
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Lujan, Heidi L., Rebecca A. Mulder, and Stephen E. DiCarlo. "Chronic, complete cervical6‐7 cord injury: distinct autonomic, cardiac and vascular deficits." FASEB Journal 31, S1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.1077.6.
Full textAbstract:
Spinal cord injury (SCI) resulting in tetraplegia is a devastating, life‐changing injury causing paralysis and sensory impairment as well as autonomic dysfunction that triggers compromised cardiovascular, bowel, bladder and sexual activity. Life becomes a battle for independence as even routine bodily functions and the smallest activity of daily living become a major challenge. The human physiology, mind and spirit are wonderfully adaptable as individuals with tetraplegia find ways to adjust. However, addressing autonomic losses and cardiovascular consequences would greatly improve the quality of life for individuals living with tetraplegia. Virtually all pre‐clinical investigations of autonomic losses and cardiovascular consequences following SCI induce lesions in the thoracic region. However, cervical lesions produce distinct autonomic, cardiac and vascular deficits and result in the most dramatic autonomic outcomes and cardiovascular consequences. Specifically, although cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for individuals living with SCI, the magnitude of CVD risk is dependent on the level of SCI, whereby individuals with tetraplegia have a 16% greater risk of all‐cause CVD than individuals with paraplegia. Accordingly, there is a critical need for a chronic pre‐clinical model of tetraplegia. In this report, we compare resting cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic tonus, reflex sympathetic effects (heart rate responses to sodium nitroprusside), tonic autonomic effects (responses to autonomic ganglionic blockade), cardiac responses to beta‐adrenergic stimulation and the response to angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition in 6 rats with chronic (4 week) complete C6‐7 transection and 6 intact sham‐transected rats. Histological examination of the heart and stellate ganglia support the profound and distinct autonomic and cardiac deficits and reliance on angiotensin to maintain cardiovascular stability following chronic, complete cervical6‐7 cord transection.Support or Funding InformationR01HL122223
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Toyama, Yuichi, Manabu Yonekura, Chong Han, Hirofumi Tomita, Hiroshi Takeshima, and Manabu Murakami. "Abstract 327: Attenuated Beta-Adrenergic Response in the Tric-a Knock Out Mice." Circulation 138, Suppl_2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.138.suppl_2.327.
Full textAbstract:
Trimeric intracellular cation (TRIC) channels are expressed on the surface of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and regulate calcium release from ryanodine receptors (RyRs). In a previous study, Tric-a knock out (KO) mice showed diminished calcium release from RyRs following increased calcium-influx via L-type calcium channels, which results in enhanced vascular resistance and non-dipper type hypertension. Decreased activation of RyR1 by PKA in skeletal myocytes in Tric-a KO mice is also known. However, physiological importance of TRIC channels on cardiac rhythm formation and its importance on the sympathetic nerve regulation are still obscure. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the effects of Tric-a ablation on cardiac pace making using Tric-a KO mice. We measured systolic blood pressure (SBP) with tail-cuff method, ECG and spontaneous action potential with microelectrode in the Tric-a KO and wild type (WT) mice. Isoproterenol or propranolol was used for sympathetic nerve manipulation. Furthermore, we evaluated heart rate variability (HRV). Tric-a KO mice tended to show limited responses to isoproterenol (0.3 mg/kg) than the WT mice (-27 ± 6 and -32 ± 6 mmHg, n = 10, p =0.70), and to propranolol (4 ± 6 and 13 ± 7 mmHg, n = 5~6, p =0.48). In ECG analysis, ablation of Tric-a gene resulted in significantly decreased heart rate changes to isoproterenol (23 ± 6 and 99 ± 15 bpm, Tric-a KO and WT mice, respectively, n = 9~10, p <0.001). Response to propranolol was also significantly decreased in the Tric-a KO mice (-28 ± 20 and -122 ± 14 bpm, Tric-a KO and WT mice, respectively, n = 9~10, p <0.001). In the action potential recordings, Tric-a KO mice showed significantly decreased sinus rate changes to 1 microM isoproterenol (35 ± 9 and 71 ± 10 bpm, Tric-a KO and WT mice, respectively, n = 6~8, p <0.05). In HRV analysis, low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio tended to be lower in the Tric-a KO mice than the WT mice under the administration of isoproterenol (0.22 ± 0.31 and 0.65 ± 0.16 bpm, Tric-a KO and WT mice, respectively, n = 9~11, p =0.16), suggesting lower sympathetic nerve tonus in the Tric-a KO mice. In conclusion, our data indicates that Tric-a KO mice showed attenuated responses to beta-adrenergic stimulus, which indicates involvement of TRIC-A channels in sympathetic nerve regulation.
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da Silva, Odair Alves, Glória Pinto Duarte, and Saad Lahlou. "Maternal Hyperglycemia Induces Autonomic Dysfunction and Heart Failure in Older Adult Offspring." Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, September 27, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2159-6468.
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Abstract Aims Offspring exposed to an adverse fetal environment, such as gestational diabetes, may manifest increased susceptibility to several chronic diseases later in life. In the present study, the cardiovascular function of three different ages of offspring from diabetic rats was evaluated. Methods and results Diabetes mellitus was induced in pregnant rats by a single dose of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The offspring from diabetic (OD) and control rats (OC) were evaluated at three different ages: 6, 12 or 18 months. In the corresponding OC groups, fasting glycemia, baseline mean arterial pressure, and sympathetic tonus increased in the OD rats at 12 (OD12) and 18 (OD18) months of age, while cardiac hypertrophy was observed in all OD groups. Cardiac function evaluation in vivo showed low left ventricular systolic pressure and+dP/dt in the OD18 rats, suggesting a systolic dysfunction. OD12 and OD18 groups showed high left ventricle end-diastolic pressure, suggesting a diastolic dysfunction. OD groups showed an age-related impairment of both baroreflex-mediated tachycardia and baroreflex-mediated bradycardia in OD12 and OD18 rats. In isolated hearts from OD18 rats, both inotropic and tachycardiac responses to increasing isoproterenol were significantly reduced compared to the corresponding OC group. Conclusion These results suggest that gestational diabetes triggers the onset of hyperglycemia hypertension with impaired baroreflex sensitivity and heart failure in older age of offspring, representing important risk factors for death. Therefore, ensuring optimal glycemic control in diabetic pregnancy is important and serves as a key to preventing cardiovascular disease in the offspring in their older age.
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Vieira, Thayane Cristine Santos, Manuella Oliveira Sampaio, Bruna Cristina Brüler, Gil Ben-Shlomo, Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira, and Juan Duque. "The effect of eye stimulation using graded external weights on the oculocardiac reflex in beagle dogs." Archives of Veterinary Science 1, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/avs.v1i1.85932.
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The objective of this study was to determine to what extent the oculocardiac reflex (OCR) progressively rises with increasing external pressures over the superior eyelid. Controlled external weights were applied to the left eyelid of ten conscious healthy adult beagle dogs, using an electronic von Frey aesthesiometer with a modified probe. Four different weights (200 g, 300 g, 400 g and 800 g) were applied on four different non-consecutive days (with one-week intervals). Pressure was applied by pushing the device against the superior eyelid. The baseline heart rate was primarily recorded using an electrocardiograph (ECG). Then, indices of heart rate variability such as R-R intervals and vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) were calculated from the ECG tracings using twenty consecutive QRS complexes from each dog, before and after a selected set of graded weights were applied to the eye. Median R-R interval significantly increased when an external weight of 200 g was applied and peaked at 300 g. VVTI values peaked at 400 g. With higher pressures, the proportional increase was smaller in both R-R intervals and VVTI. We concluded that external eye pressure using a weight of 200 g or more is sufficient to elicit an OCR response in conscious dogs. Pressures above 400 g started to activate compensatory mechanisms that counteracted with the OCR, probably linked to an adrenergic response induced by the animal’s discomfort. Changes in R-R intervals might be used as an early OCR marker, while VVTI apparently was less influenced by potential sympathetic responses.
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Belyayeva, Victoria. "HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND BASIC HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS IN SEASONS WITH DIFFERENT PHOTOPERIOD." Archiv Euromedica 12, no. 6 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/6.14.
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One of the main external factors that contributes to the seasonal functional reorganization of the organism in the process of adaptation is seasonal photoperiodic variability. Day length is affecting not only visual function, but also all physiological and behavioural processes controlled by the circadian rhythm system. The person's ability to adapt to changes in external factors is especially important for medical students who experience significant mental overload in the process of studying at a university. The study goal was to investigate the features of the main hemodynamic parameters and heart rate variability in medical students in the spring and autumn periods, with taking into account gender differences. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study of 304 students of the North-Ossetian State Medical Academy (Russia) comprising 233 female and 71 male subjects was performed during periods of elongation (spring) and shortening (autumn) of the photoperiod. Blood pressure (BP), pulse rate (HR), parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) were measured. Results: The students showed an increase in DBP and MBP rates within the normal range in autumn. Hemodynamic parameters of SBP, DBP, PBP, MBP in males were significantly higher than in females group, regardless of the season. Interseasonal differences in HRV parameters (LF, THF, PHF, PLF, LF/HF, IC) were revealed. From spring to autumn period, LF decreases from 980.22 (590.30; 1445.83) to 690.68 (438.81; 1170.15) ms2 against the background of a decrease in the dominant period of the high-frequency component of the spectrum (THF) from 5.40 (3 .77; 6.10) to 3.71 (3.08; 5.54) s. The contribution of the high-frequency component (PHF) to the total power of HRV fluctuations increases by 10.4%, and the low-frequency component (PLF) decreases by 6.45% as the photoperiod shortens. The centralization index (IC) also declines from 2.58 (1.42; 3.90) to 1.61 (0.97; 2.98); p=0.0076. Parameters of Mean, Mo, RMSSD, pNN50, SDNN, TP, HF, PHF in spring are lower in males in comparison with females, while parameters of HR, SI, PLF, LF/HF, VLF/HF, IC, PARS are higher in males. Conclusions: It was indicated that the change in the photoperiod trend is an important mediator of heart rate variability in the annual cycle. The lengthening of the photoperiod in the spring season is accompanied by a shift in the vegetative balance of students towards an increase in the tonus of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) together with the involvement of the central circuit of the heart rhythm regulation. In autumn, on the background of shorter daylight duration hours, parasympathetic influences are intensified and autonomic regulation circuit is most active. In the common trend of increased sympathetic activity of the ANS and activation of the central regulatory circuit in the spring, in young males these changes are indicated at greater extent.