Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sympathetic pathway

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Sympathetic pathway'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Sympathetic pathway"

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Philpott, Karen L., Mary Jane McCarthy, Anke Klippel, and Lee L. Rubin. "Activated Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Akt Kinase Promote Survival of Superior Cervical Neurons." Journal of Cell Biology 139, no. 3 (1997): 809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.139.3.809.

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The signaling pathways that mediate the ability of NGF to support survival of dependent neurons are not yet completely clear. However previous work has shown that the c-Jun pathway is activated after NGF withdrawal, and blocking this pathway blocks neuronal cell death. In this paper we show that over-expression in sympathetic neurons of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase or its downstream effector Akt kinase blocks cell death after NGF withdrawal, in spite of the fact that the c-Jun pathway is activated. Yet, neither the PI 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 nor a dominant negative PI 3-kinase cause
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Gabor, Alexander, and Frans H. H. Leenen. "Central neuromodulatory pathways regulating sympathetic activity in hypertension." Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 8 (2012): 1294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00553.2012.

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The classical neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, mediate fast (milliseconds) synaptic transmission and modulate its effectiveness through slow (seconds to minutes) signaling processes. Angiotensinergic pathways, from the lamina terminalis to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN)/supraoptic nucleus and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), are activated by stimuli such as circulating angiotensin type II (Ang II), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sodium ion concentration ([Na+]), and possibly plasma aldosterone, leading to sympathoexcitation, largely by decreasing GABA and increasing glutamate release.
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Nakade, Yukiomi, Daisuke Tsuchida, Hiroyuki Fukuda, Masahiro Iwa, Theodore N. Pappas, and Toku Takahashi. "Restraint stress delays solid gastric emptying via a central CRF and peripheral sympathetic neuron in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288, no. 2 (2005): R427—R432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00499.2004.

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Central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) delays gastric emptying through the autonomic nervous system. CRF plays an important role in mediating delayed gastric emptying induced by stress. However, it is not clear whether a sympathetic or parasympathetic pathway is involved in the mechanism of central CRF-induced inhibition of solid gastric emptying. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 1) CRF inhibits solid gastric emptying via a peripheral sympathetic pathway and 2) stress-induced inhibition of solid gastric emptying is mediated via a central CRF and peripheral sympathetic
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Leenen, Frans H. H., Mordecai P. Blaustein, and John M. Hamlyn. "Update on angiotensin II: new endocrine connections between the brain, adrenal glands and the cardiovascular system." Endocrine Connections 6, no. 7 (2017): R131—R145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-17-0161.

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In the brain, angiotensinergic pathways play a major role in chronic regulation of cardiovascular and electrolyte homeostasis. Increases in plasma angiotensin II (Ang II), aldosterone, [Na+] and cytokines can directly activate these pathways. Chronically, these stimuli also activate a slow neuromodulatory pathway involving local aldosterone, mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), epithelial sodium channels and endogenous ouabain (EO). This pathway increases AT1R and NADPH oxidase subunits and maintains/further increases the activity of angiotensinergic pathways. These brain pathways not only incre
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Westcott, Katherine V., Bing S. Huang, and Frans H. H. Leenen. "Brain renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarct: a reviewThis article is one of a selection of papers published in a special issue on Advances in Cardiovascular Research." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 87, no. 12 (2009): 979–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y09-067.

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After a myocardial infarct (MI), a variety of mechanisms contribute to progressive cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Progressive activation of central sympathoexcitatory pathways appears to depend on a neuromodulatory pathway, involving local production of aldosterone and release of endogenous ouabain-like compounds (‘ouabain’) possibly from magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. ‘Ouabain’ may lower the membrane potential of neurons and thereby enhance activity of angiotensinergic pathways. These central pathways appear to coordinate progressive activation of sev
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CHOWDHARY, Saqib, and Jonathan N. TOWNEND. "Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of cardiovascular autonomic control." Clinical Science 97, no. 1 (1999): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0970005.

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Alteration in function of the cardiac autonomic nervous system has proved to be a powerful predictor of cardiac death or serious arrhythmia in patients with cardiac disease, yet little is known about the mechanisms by which this system is regulated. Recent evidence suggests that the gaseous molecule nitric oxide (NO) may act as an important mediator in this pathway. Histochemical staining techniques have identified neuronal populations that contain NO synthase within medullary cardio-regulatory sites and their peripheral autonomic pathways. Drugs that modulate the NO pathway (administered both
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Molinas, Adrien J. R., Lucie D. Desmoulins, Roslyn K. Davis, et al. "High-Fat Diet Modulates the Excitability of Neurons within the Brain–Liver Pathway." Cells 12, no. 8 (2023): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12081194.

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Stimulation of hepatic sympathetic nerves increases glucose production and glycogenolysis. Activity of pre-sympathetic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and in the ventrolateral and ventromedial medulla (VLM/VMM) largely influence the sympathetic output. Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a role in the development and progression of metabolic diseases; however, despite the importance of the central circuits, the excitability of pre-sympathetic liver-related neurons remains to be determined. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the act
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Faraci, F. M., M. G. Motley, and D. D. Heistad. "Activation of a cranial vasodilator pathway during seizures in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 251, no. 5 (1986): H969—H975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1986.251.5.h969.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether seizures, which activate sympathetic nerves, also activate a vasodilator pathway to extracranial tissues of the head. Blood flow was measured with microspheres during control conditions and seizures in anesthetized, paralyzed rats. Seizures were produced by bicuculline or pentylenetetrazole. During seizures in rats with intact sympathetic nerves, blood flow to masseter muscle decreased and blood flow to tongue did not change. Following bilateral cervical sympathetic denervation or high spinal cord section, seizure produced marked increases in
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Li, Zhixiao, Yujuan Li, Zhigang He, Zhen Li, Weiguo Xu, and HongBing Xiang. "The Preventive Effect of Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation Induced by 6-OHDA on Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury: The Changes of lncRNA/circRNAs-miRNA-mRNA Network of the Upper Thoracic Spinal Cord in Rats." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (November 29, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2492286.

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In this study, we investigated whether chemical 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) stimuli caused cardiac sympathetic denervation (SD), and we analyzed gene expression profiles to determine the changes in the lncRNA/circRNAs-miRNA-mRNA network in the affected spinal cord segments to identify putative target genes and molecular pathways in rats with myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI). Our results showed that cardiac sympathetic denervation induced by 6-OHDA alleviated MIRI. Compared with the ischemia reperfusion (IR, MIRI model) group, there were 148 upregulated and 51 downregulated mRNAs, 1
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Aloyz, Raquel S., Shernaz X. Bamji, Christine D. Pozniak, et al. "P53 Is Essential for Developmental Neuron Death as Regulated by the TrkA and p75 Neurotrophin Receptors." Journal of Cell Biology 143, no. 6 (1998): 1691–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.143.6.1691.

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Naturally occurring sympathetic neuron death is the result of two apoptotic signaling events: one normally suppressed by NGF/TrkA survival signals, and a second activated by the p75 neurotrophin receptor. Here we demonstrate that the p53 tumor suppressor protein, likely as induced by the MEKK-JNK pathway, is an essential component of both of these apoptotic signaling cascades. In cultured neonatal sympathetic neurons, p53 protein levels are elevated in response to both NGF withdrawal and p75NTR activation. NGF withdrawal also results in elevation of a known p53 target, the apoptotic protein Ba
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sympathetic pathway"

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Perrotta, Marialuisa. "A cholinergic-sympathetic pathway mediates the activation of immune system in hypertension." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/83377.

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Hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Historically, an increase of the sympathetic nerve activity represents one of the principal features of hypertension. Mounting evidence suggests that novel players also contribute to the development of the disease as the immune system. In fact, how the immunity is activated after a hypertensive stimulus is to date an intriguing question. In this dissertation, we show how hypertensive challenges activate the sympathetic nerve drive to prime immune responses in the spleen causing the onset of the disease. First, we observe t
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Cunha, Telma Fátima da. "Efeito do treinamento físico aeróbico sobre a atrofia muscular associada à insuficiência cardíaca: contribuição do sistema ubiquitina proteassoma dependente de ATP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39132/tde-18082010-150129/.

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A atrofia está associada ao aumento da degradação protéica em doenças sistêmicas, sendo o sistema proteolítico ubiquitina proteassoma (SUP) uma das principais vias envolvidas. Contudo, pouco é conhecido sobre a contribuição do SUP à atrofia desencadeada pela insuficiência cardíaca (IC). Sabendo dos benefícios do treinamento físico aeróbico (TFA) e que os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na atrofia na IC ainda não estão esclarecidos, nessa dissertação investigamos: 1) a contribuição do SUP para a atrofia associada à IC em 2 modelos experimentais: um modelo genético de camundongos com hiperativ
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Brown, Rachael Clinical School Prince of Wales Hospital Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Assessing the integrity of sympathetic pathways in human spinal cord injury." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Clinical School - Prince of Wales Hospital, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44505.

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Spinal cord injury can result in partial or complete loss of supraspinal control of sympathetic outflow below the lesion. Despite the importance of the sympathetic nervous system in autonomic dysreflexia and orthostatic hypotension, its integrity is not currently assessed in the clinical determination of lesion level - only motor and sensory pathways are examined. The aim of this thesis was to develop non-invasive means of assessing the integrity of sympathetic pathways following human spinal cord injury. Brief innocuous electrical stimuli applied to the forehead evoked cutaneous vasoconstrict
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Buharin, Vasiliy E. "Task dependent effects of baroreceptor unloading on motor cortical and corticospinal pathways." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52923.

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Corticospinal and intracortical excitability are excitability measures of the central nervous system responsible for motor generation, and are studied for their contribution to fine motor skill execution and learning. Since the need for proper execution of fine motor skills is ever-present and necessary for everyday life, identification of physiological pathways that may disrupt or enhance corticospinal and intracortical excitability is an important research topic. This thesis investigates the effects of baroreceptor unloading on corticospinal and intracortical excitability during various mo
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Setty, Nithya. "Development and damage responses of sympathetic neurons early signalilng pathways and target denervation /." Waltham, Mass. : Brandeis University, 2009. http://dcoll.brandeis.edu/handle/10192/23231.

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Park, Patricia Dong-Sook. "Chemical basis of synaptic transmission in spinal pathways regulating sympathetic output to heart and vessels." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69754.

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In the first study, the effect of intrathecal administration of substance P at T9/T2 on arterial blood pressure and heart rate was studied in acute spinal (T5/T1) transected rats. The results indicate that excitatory effects of substance P on sympathetic output can be elicited in spinal transected rats and that the neural substrate for the effects is intrinsic to the spinal cord. An opioid involvement in suppressing the response to substance P is also confirmed.<br>In the second study, the role of angiotensin (AII) receptors (AT$ sb1$ and AT$ sb2$) in mediating the effects of intrathecally adm
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Zimmerman, Amanda L. "Neuromodulation of spinal autonomic regulation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42777.

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The central nervous system is largely responsible for receiving sensory information from the environment and determining motor output. Yet, centrally-derived behavior and sensation depends on the optimal maintenance of the cells, tissues, and organs that feed and support these functions. Most of visceral regulation occurs without conscious oversight, making the spinal cord a key site for integration and control. How the spinal cord modulates output to our organs, or sensory information from them, is poorly understood. The overall aim of this dissertation was to better understand spinal pro
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Fonseca, Ana Lúcia Silva. "Sympathetic Innervation in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis: Exploring the role of alpha2C-adrenergic signaling pathway in the bone metastatic niche." Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/137929.

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Books on the topic "Sympathetic pathway"

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King, Jenny C. Sympathetic and hypocapnic pathways between the brain and the heart: Implications for healthcare. [University of Surrey], 1991.

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Mason, Peggy. Spinal Cord. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0004.

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The spinothalamic and lemniscal pathways carry somatosensory information from the periphery into the brain while the corticospinal pathway carries motor commands from the brain to motoneurons of the spinal cord. Following these pathways through the spinal cord allows the student to infer lesion location from symptoms. To exemplify the clinical importance of sympathetic outputs from thoracic segments, Horner syndrome is described. Similarly, the common problems caused by spinal cord injury on sacral parasympathetic functions are stressed. The contributions of specific spinal segments to breathi
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Colombetti, Giovanna, and Neil Harrison. From physiology to experience: Enriching existing conceptions of “arousal” in affective science. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0013.

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This chapter examines the notion of “arousal”, an influential notion in affective science referring to the degree of an individual’s “activation” or “excitement” during an emotional state. It considers this notion specifically in relation to interoception, defined broadly as “sensitivity to stimuli arising inside the organism.” “Physiological arousal” is distinguished from “experienced arousal” and it is argued that both need to be characterized more broadly than commonly done. Physiological arousal cannot be reduced to sympathetic activation, as it involves complex interactions between multip
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Kennard, Christopher. Ocular motor disorders. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0274.

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This chapter discusses motor disorders of the eye. The first part of the chapter describes the proper examination of eye movements to facilitate identification of ocular motor disorder pathology. The effects of nerve palsies on ocular motor function are then described.Eye movement disorders can also have their cause in the central nervous system; both the brainstem, and cerebellum have been implicated as causal factors in some eye movement disorders. Disorders of the pupil, which affect the pupillary light reflex, can be caused by lesions to central, afferent and efferent pupillary pathways as
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Levy, Jerrold H., and David Faraoni. Pathophysiology and causes of severe hypertension. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0162.

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Hypertension affects multiple groups of patients characterized by different clinical presentations and a spectrum of potential causes. The pathophysiology is complex and multifactorial. Although most patients are labelled ‘essential hypertension’, multiple mechanisms are involved in blood pressure regulation. Factors that influence blood pressure homeostasis include endothelial function, the renin-angiotensin system, and the sympathetic nervous system. In elderly patients, hypertension is common as the vascular system and arterial stiffness also contribute. Other important factors include infl
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Douglas, Gordon C. C. Pop-Up Planning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190691332.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 looks at the world of official urban planning and placemaking, providing different perspectives on its relationship to DIY urbanism. Through the voices of professional planners, the chapter explores their conflicted opinions on DIY approaches: criticizing their informality and emphasizing the importance of regulations and accountability for everything from basic functionality to social equity, yet sympathetic to do-it-yourselfers’ frustrations and often excited to adopt their tactics, harness their energy, and exploit their cultural value. The chapter then describes how some DIY proj
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Schaible, Hans-Georg, and Rainer H. Straub. Pain neurophysiology. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0059.

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Physiological pain is evoked by intense (noxious) stimuli acting on healthy tissue functioning as a warning signal to avoid damage of the tissue. In contrast, pathophysiological pain is present in the course of disease, and it is often elicited by low-intensity stimulation or occurs even as resting pain. Causes of pathophysiological pain are either inflammation or injury causing pathophysiological nociceptive pain or damage to nerve cells evoking neuropathic pain. The major peripheral neuronal mechanism of pathophysiological nociceptive pain is the sensitization of peripheral nociceptors for m
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Moser, Peter. Growing Community Music Through a Sense of Place. Edited by Brydie-Leigh Bartleet and Lee Higgins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219505.013.26.

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Our relationships to places, people, and our physical and metaphysical environment drive our personal journeys. Our identity develops from birth through this complex web of relationships where skills, creativity, and personality grow in unique pathways. A sense of place is about this personal development as well as the way communities grow in response to their constituents in a symbiotic process of sympathetic exchange. This chapter will examine how music and culture articulate these changes and through examining forms of practice in historic and geographic contexts I will also investigate asp
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Straub, Rainer H. Neuroendocrine system. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0022.

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Endocrine abnormalities are very common in patients with chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (CARDs) due to the systemic involvement of the central nervous system and endocrine glands. In recent years, the response of the endocrine (and also neuronal) system to peripheral inflammation has been linked to overall energy regulation of the diseased body and bioenergetics of immune cells. In CARDs, hormonal and neuronal pathways are outstandingly important in partitioning energy-rich fuels from muscle, brain, and fat tissue to the activated immune system. Neuroendocrine regulation of fuel allocat
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Straub, Rainer H. Neuroendocrine system. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0022_update_002.

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Endocrine abnormalities are very common in patients with chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (CARDs) due to the systemic involvement of the central nervous system and endocrine glands. In recent years, the response of the endocrine (and also neuronal) system to peripheral inflammation has been linked to overall energy regulation of the diseased body and bioenergetics of immune cells. In CARDs, hormonal and neuronal pathways are outstandingly important in partitioning energy-rich fuels from muscle, brain, and fat tissue to the activated immune system. Neuroendocrine regulation of fuel allocat
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Book chapters on the topic "Sympathetic pathway"

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Marlow, Elizabeth, and Gary Joseph Lelli. "Sympathetic Nerves/Pathway Orbit Supplied By." In Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35951-4_1332-1.

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Marlow, Elizabeth, and Gary Joseph Lelli. "Sympathetic Nerves/Pathway, Orbit Supplied by." In Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69000-9_1332.

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Scherrer, U. "Insulin and the Regulation of the Cardiovascular System: Role of the l-arginine Nitric Oxide Pathway and the Sympathetic Nervous System." In The Endothelium in Cardiovascular Disease. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79803-0_10.

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Lorton, D., C. Lubahn, and D. Bellinger. "Drugs that Target Sympathetic–Immune Pathways for Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases." In Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30398-7_5.

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Cabot, J. B. "Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons: Cytoarchitecture, Ultrastructure, and Biophysical Properties." In Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195051063.003.0004.

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Abstract Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are found exclusively within spinal cord. They are the central nervous systems final common pathway responsible for the peripheral regulation of sympathetic function. Specifically, they are the last neuronal link contained within the central nervous system for the peripheral activation of sympathetic postganglionic neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells.
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Cheshire, William P. "Autonomic Physiology." In Clinical Neurophysiology. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195385113.003.0035.

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The autonomic nervous system consists of three divisions: the sympathetic (thoracolumbar), parasympathetic (craniosacral), and enteric nervous systems. The sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic outflows involve a two-neuron pathway with a synapse in an autonomic ganglion. Preganglionic sympathetic neurons are organized into various functional units that control specific targets and include skin vasomotor, muscle vasomotor, visceromotor, pilomotor, and sudomotor units. Microneurographic techniques allow recording of postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity in humans. Skin sympathetic activ
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Daly, M. de Burgh. "Central integration of respiratory and autonomic functions." In Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptors and Respiratory-Cardiovascular Integration. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198576754.003.0008.

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Abstract Tissue respiration depends on the maintenance of appropriate diffusion gradients for oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood, controlled by the respiratory system, and between arterial blood and the tissues, which is dependent on cardiovascular adjustments. Integration between the two systems through neural networks within the brain stem and spinal cord is therefore essential for proper function of the tissues. This chapter outlines the distribution of respiratory neurones, the distribution of cardiac vagal preganglionic motoneurones in the nucleus ambiguus and dorsal vagal mo
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Low, Phillip A., and Elizabeth A. Coon. "Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex and Related Tests." In Clinical Neurophysiology, 5th ed., edited by Devon I. Rubin. Oxford University PressNew York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190067854.003.0043.

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Abstract Small-fiber nerves may be selectively involved in various disorders. The function of the postganglionic sympathetic sudomotor C fibers can be assessed using the quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART), noninvasively and reproducibly, to define the severity and distribution of sudomotor failure. The neural pathway evaluated by QSART consists of an axon reflex mediated by the postganglionic sympathetic sudomotor axon. The axon terminal is activated by iontophoresis of acetylcholine, which leads to an impulse that travels antidromically to the branch point, then orthodromically t
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Nayak, Suraj Kumar, Utkarsh Srivastava, D. N. Tibarewala, Goutam Thakur, Biswajit Mohapatra, and Kunal Pal. "Effect of Odia and Tamil Music on the ANS and the Conduction Pathway of Heart of Odia Volunteers." In Pattern and Data Analysis in Healthcare Settings. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0536-5.ch012.

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The current study delineates the effect of Odia and Tamil music on the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and cardiac conduction pathway of Odia volunteers. The analysis of the ECG signals using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the features obtained from the HRV domain, time-domain and wavelet transform domain were statistically insignificant. But non-linear classifiers like Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Boosted Tree (BT) and Random Forest (RF) indicated the presence of important features. A classification efficiency of more than 85% was achieved when the important features, o
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Aulinas, Anna, Cristina Colom, and Susan M. Webb. "Pineal physiology and pathophysiology, including pineal tumours." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.2222.

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The pineal gland is innervated mainly by sympathetic nerve fibres that inform the gland of the prevailing light-dark cycle and acts as a neuroendocrine transducer. The gland is located behind the third ventricle in the centre of the brain and is a highly vascular organ formed by neuroglial cells and parenchymal cells or pinealocytes. The latter synthesize melatonin as well as other indoleamines and peptides. The main pineal hormone melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryp-tamine) exhibits an endogenous circadian rhythm, reflecting signals originating in the suprachiasmatic nucleus; environmental ligh
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Conference papers on the topic "Sympathetic pathway"

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Ho, Amic. "Enhancing Creativity in Design Education through Emotional Engagement: A Study on Junior Designers." In Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2025). AHFE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1006752.

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Emotional Design Principles are increasingly incorporated into the curriculum for junior design students, recognised as essential for fostering innovation and enhancing user-centred solutions. This study identifies a pathway to address the misalignment between the plurality of art and junior designers in the design course. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, utilising action research, surveys, and focus groups to evaluate the impact of emotional design on students' creativity, empathy, and decision-making. Throughout three terms, workshops will present concepts associated with emotiona
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Bates, Melissa L., Joseph E. Jacobson, Tiffany L. Akins, Gary M. Diffee, and Marlowe W. Eldridge. "Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Shunt Pathways Are Recruited By Sympathetic Mediators." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a5756.

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Alves, Pedro Vinicius Brito, Coralia Gabrielle Vieira Silveira, Jorge Fernando de Miranda Pereira, et al. "Horner`s Syndrome after internal jugular vein catheterization: a case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.322.

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Context: Central venous catheterization of the internal jugular vein is a common procedure that can be complicated with Horner`s Syndrome, caused by a direct lesion of cervical sympathetic pathways, pneumothorax compression, or carotid dissection. This entity should be considered when assessing new anisocoria in intensive care scenarios. Case Report: We report the case of a 64-year-old woman, who presented anisocoria during an intensive care unit hospitalization. She had been admitted with severe COVID-19 and need for mechanical ventilation. Her anisocoria was more evident in the dark, with ri
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