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Journal articles on the topic 'Sympetaly'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Erbar, Claudia, and P. Leins. "Distribution of the Character States “Early Sympetaly” and “Late Sympetaly” Within the “Sympetalae Tetracyclicae” and Presumably Allied Groups*." Botanica Acta 109, no. 5 (1996): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1996.tb00593.x.

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Erbar, C., P. Leins, B. E. van Wyk, and P. M. Tilney. "Sympetaly in Apiales (Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Pittosporaceae)." South African Journal of Botany 70, no. 3 (2004): 458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(15)30230-1.

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3

Sokoloff, Galina V. Degtjareva Dmitry D. "Inflorescence morphology and flower development in Pinguicula alpina and P. vulgaris (Lentibulariaceae: Lamiales): monosymmetric flowers are always lateral and occurrence of early sympetaly." Organisms Diversity & Evolution 12, no. 2 (2012): 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-012-0074-6.

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Sokoloff, Galina V. Degtjareva Dmitry D. (2012): Inflorescence morphology and flower development in Pinguicula alpina and P. vulgaris (Lentibulariaceae: Lamiales): monosymmetric flowers are always lateral and occurrence of early sympetaly. Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N.Y.) 12 (2): 99-111, DOI: 10.1007/s13127-012-0074-6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-012-0074-6

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VISLOBOKOV, N. A., D. D. SOKOLOFF та A. S. KORYAKIN. "FLOWER DEVELOPMENT OF EMPETRUM HERMAPHRODITUM (ERICACEAE), "БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ"". Ботанический журнал, № 4 (2012): 475a—486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1234567812040040.

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Flowers of most Ericaceae are characterized by pentamery and sympetaly. Empetrum is one of the members of Ericaceae that deviate from this flower groundplan. Due to differences in floral morphology, earlier classifications places Empetrum in a distinct family, Empetraceae belonging to various orders. Perianth of Empetrum is composed by two trimerous whorls of free phyllomes. Different authors interpret it as either simple (with tepals) or double (with sepias and petals). The paper presents scanning electron microscopic data on flower development in Empetrum hermaphroditum. Developmental data s

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5

Decraene, Louis P. Ronse, and Erik F. Smets. "Floral Development of Galopina tomentosa with a Discussion of Sympetaly and Placentation in the Rubiaceae." Systematics and Geography of Plants 70, no. 1 (2000): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3668619.

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6

Hart, Henk ’t, Roeland D. H. J. van Ham, Jan F. Stevens, Elizabeth T. Elema, Herman van der Klis, and Theo W. J. Gadella. "Biosystematic, molecular and phytochemical evidence for the multiple origin of sympetaly in Eurasian Sedoideae (Crassulaceae)." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 27, no. 4 (1999): 407–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-1978(98)00098-2.

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7

Erbar, Claudia, and Peter Leins. "Synopsis of some important, non-DNA character states in the asterids with special reference to sympetaly." Plant Diversity and Evolution 129, no. 2 (2011): 93–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1869-6155/2011/0129-0031.

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8

Erbar, Claudia. "Floral development of two species of Stylidium (Stylidiaceae) and some remarks on the systematic position of the family Stylidiaceae." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 2 (1992): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-036.

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The early floral development of Stylidium adnatum and Stylidium graminifolium is characterized by an initial circular primordium whose areas in the transversal plane of the floral primordium show enhanced growth. The spiral inception of the five sepals starts before the differentiation of the initial circular primordium into two stamen primordia in transversal position (in relation to the floral diagram) and the corolla ring primordium below the stamen primordia. Then five petal primordia, which alternate with the sepals, arise on the corolla ring primordium (early sympetaly). Peculiar to the

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9

Kato, Makoto, and Atsushi Kawakita. "Novel brood-site pollination mutualism between sympetalous Heterosmilax (Smilacaceae, Liliales) and a cecidomyiid gall midge (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) breeding in fallen male flowers." ZooKeys 1234 (April 22, 2025): 397–416. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1234.146453.

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<i>Heterosmilax</i> is a unique dioecious genus of Smilacaceae (Liliales, Monocotyledon) in that both male and female flowers are sympetalous, ellipsoid, and almost closed. Our field observations in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan showed that <i>H. japonica</i> flowers are visited and pollinated exclusively by females of one cecidomyiid gall midge species, whose larvae breed in fallen male flowers and feed initially on pollen and later on floral tissue. This is the first example of obligate gall midge-associated brood-site pollination mutualism in which the pollinator brood site is fallen male flo

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Crepet, William L., L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Kevin C. Nixon, L. H. Bailey Hortorium, and Gilbert J. Brenner. "Mid to Late Cretaceous diversity of angiosperm floral structure and implications for the history of pollination mechanisms." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006341.

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For most of the Twentieth Century the angiosperm archetypal flower has been viewed as relatively large, multiparted, with spirally arranged fleshy appendages, and as being probably beetle pollinated as in some extant Magnoliales. However, the preponderance of fossil evidence indicates that flowers with such characters do not appear until the mid-Cretaceous, well after smaller simpler fossil flowers such as platanoids and chloranthoids. Winteraceous and Chloranthaceous pollen appears more or less simultaneously in the Lower Cretaceous, but rapidly mounting evidence for mosaicism in Cretaceous t

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11

Degtjareva, Galina V., and Dmitry D. Sokoloff. "Inflorescence morphology and flower development in Pinguicula alpina and P. vulgaris (Lentibulariaceae: Lamiales): monosymmetric flowers are always lateral and occurrence of early sympetaly." Organisms Diversity & Evolution 12, no. 2 (2012): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-012-0074-6.

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12

Mullally, Martha, Christian Cayer, Kari Kramp, et al. "Souroubea sympetala (Marcgraviaceae): a medicinal plant that exerts anxiolysis through interaction with the GABAA benzodiazepine receptor." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 92, no. 9 (2014): 758–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2014-0213.

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The mode of action of the anxiolytic medicinal plant Souroubea sympetala was investigated to test the hypothesis that extracts and the active principle act at the pharmacologically important GABAA–benzodiazepine (GABAA–BZD) receptor. Leaf extracts prepared by ethyl acetate extraction or supercritical extraction, previously determined to have 5.54 mg/g and 6.78 mg/g of the active principle, betulinic acid, respectively, reduced behavioural parameters associated with anxiety in a rat model. When animals were pretreated with the GABAA–BZD receptor antagonist flumazenil, followed by the plant extr

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13

Liu, Rui, Ana-Francis Carballo-Arce, Ranpreet Singh, et al. "A Selective Ion HPLC-APCI-MS Method for the Quantification of Pentacyclic Triterpenes in an Anxiolytic Botanical Dietary Supplement for the Animal Health Market." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 1 (2019): 1934578X1901400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1901400104.

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A new anti-anxiety dietary supplement was developed for the animal health market, by combining 2 triterpene containing botanicals, Souroubea sympetala (Marcgraviaceae) with Platanus occidentalis (Platanaceae) A validated method for a quality control of the botanical blend was achieved using HPLC-APCI-MS. The method resulted in the detection and quantitative determination of betulinic acid (1), and ursolic acid (2) in P. occidentalis and 1, 2, lupeol (3), β-amyrin (4) and α-amyrin (5) in S. sympetala and the finished product ZentrolTM. Detections were at low ng on column for 1 and 2 and in low

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14

Puniani, Eva, Christian Cayer, Pamela Kent, et al. "Ethnopharmacology of Souroubea sympetala and Souroubea gilgii (Marcgraviaceae) and identification of betulinic acid as an anxiolytic principle." Phytochemistry 113 (March 15, 2014): 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.02.017.

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Puniani, Eva, Cayer, Christian, Kent, Pamela, Mullally, Martha, Sánchez-Vindas, Pablo, Álvarez, Luis Poveda, Cal, Victor, Merali, Zul, Arnason, John T., Durst, Tony (2015): Ethnopharmacology of Souroubea sympetala and Souroubea gilgii (Marcgraviaceae) and identification of betulinic acid as an anxiolytic principle. Phytochemistry 113: 73-78, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.02.017, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.02.017

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15

Vargas, Alejandra Rojas, Ana Hine Gómez, Rui Liu, et al. "In Vitro Culture of the Anxiolytic Plant, Souroubea Sympetala." Journal of Natural Health Product Research 2, no. 1 (2020): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1515/jnhpr-2020-020101.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION: A protocol for the in vitro culture of the anxiolytic medicinal plant Souroubea sympetala (Marcgraviaceae) was developed, representing one of the first in vitro cultures for the family. This species was previously very difficult to cultivate from seed or cuttings. METHODS: Methods included (1) the improvement of seed germination by axenic culture (2) development of regenerative cultures in vitro, then cultivation under greenhouse and finally field conditions and (3) creation of cell suspensions. Phytochemical analysis was undertaken by liquid chromatography coupled to ma

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16

Mullally, Martha, Kari Kramp, Ammar Saleem, et al. "Characterization and Quantification of Triterpenes in the Neotropical Medicinal Plant Souroubea sympetala (Marcgraviaceae) by HPLC-APCI-MS." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 11 (2008): 1934578X0800301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800301118.

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A rapid, two-solvent, HPLC-APCI-MS method was developed to identify and quantify four pentacyclic triterpenes (betulinic acid, ursolic acid, α-amyrin and β-amyrin) in extracts of the neotropical medicinal plant Souroubea sympetala. Analysis of plant organs, wood, bark, leaves, immature fruit and flowers, indicated that the phytochemical distribution and quantity of triterpenes varies across the plant, with betulinic acid and ursolic acid the major constituents in the bark, wood, fruit and flowers and the amyrins the major constituents of the leaves.

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17

Vargas, Alejandra Rojas, Ana Hine Gomez, Rui Liu, et al. "In Vitro Culture of the New Anxiolytic Plant, Souroubea Sympetala." Journal of Natural Health Product Research 2, no. 1 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33211/jnhpr.7.

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18

Puniani, Eva, Christian Cayer, Pamela Kent, et al. "Ethnopharmacology of Souroubea sympetala and Souroubea gilgii (Marcgraviaceae) and identification of betulinic acid as an anxiolytic principle." Phytochemistry 113 (May 2015): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.02.017.

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19

Liu, Rui, Corrine C. Dobson, Brian C. Foster, et al. "Effect of an anxiolytic botanical containing Souroubea sympetala and Platanus occidentalis on in-vitro diazepam human cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 71, no. 3 (2018): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphp.13045.

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20

Kusumadewi, Yulita, R. M. Wiwied Widodo, Kusuma Rahmawati, et al. "Rescuing the rare monotypic Aetoxylon sympetalum from remnant forests in Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan." Oryx 58, no. 1 (2024): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605323001357.

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21

Likhitwitayawuid, Kittisak. "Oxyresveratrol: Sources, Productions, Biological Activities, Pharmacokinetics, and Delivery Systems." Molecules 26, no. 14 (2021): 4212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144212.

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Oxyresveratrol has recently attracted much research attention due to its simple chemical structure and diverse therapeutic potentials. Previous reviews describe the chemistry and biological activities of this phytoalexin, but additional coverage and greater accessibility are still needed. The current review provides a more comprehensive summary, covering research from 1955 to the present year. Oxyresveratrol occurs in both gymnosperms and angiosperms. However, it has never been reported in plants in the subclass Sympetalae, and this point might be of both chemotaxonomic and biosynthetic import

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22

Yuniar, Risa, Afghani Jayuska, Andi Hairil Alimuddin, Muhamad Agus Wibowo, and Puji Ardiningsih. "Anti-Termite Activities of The Bioactive Compounds of Gaharu Culture (Aetoxylon sympetalum) From Maceration Results Using Acetone Solvent." BERKALA SAINSTEK 11, no. 2 (2023): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bst.v11i2.38015.

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Agarwood is a plant known for its aromatic resin, which is one of the most widely distributed species in Indonesia. This research was carried out in several stages, namely maceration, partitioning, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and termites activity. The test was carried out for 3 days with variations in the concentration of 0% (negative control), 0.1%, 0.2%. 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% (w/v), and 0.25% fipronil reagent as positive controls. The crude extract yield of sapwood gaharu aloe acetone obtained was 23,4321% and the partition result of 233,789 grams of crude extract of acetone consisted of n-

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23

Mullally, Martha, Caroline Mimeault, Marco Otárola Rojas, et al. "A botanical extract of Souroubea sympetala and its active principle, betulinic acid, attenuate the cortisol response to a stressor in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss." Aquaculture 468 (February 2017): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.09.040.

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24

Pedersoli, G. D., V. F. Mansano, T. C. de Barros, J. V. Paulino, and S. P. Teixeira. "Sympetaly in the mimosoid clade (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae): an unusual trait in the rosid group." Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, June 2023, 125747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2023.125747.

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25

Mander, Luke, Adele C. M. Julier, and Carlos Jaramillo. "The architecture of floral diversity: a bipartite network of flower morphology in the Neotropical rainforest of Barro Colorado Island, Panama." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, May 29, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boaf032.

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Abstract Flower morphology varies greatly between different plant taxa, and the variety of flower types has stimulated a number of different approaches to the analysis of floral form. In this paper we have thought of flower morphology as a network, with individual morphological characters and taxa linked as a system. We scored the flowers of 951 species of plants in a Neotropical rainforest (Barro Colorado Island, Panama) for nine discrete characters that have a total of 35 character states and constructed a bipartite network connecting nodes representing species to nodes representing morpholo

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26

"Woodiellantha sympetala." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.56834.

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27

"Aetoxylon sympetalum." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.3466.

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28

Wilson, Sarah D., Teresa Terrazas, and Peter E. Gasson. "Unveiling the wood anatomy of the overlooked agarwood Aetoxylon sympetalum (Steenis & Domke) Airy Shaw (Thymelaeaceae Juss.)." IAWA Journal, February 10, 2025, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-bja10178.

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Summary Agarwood is one of the most valuable non-timber forest products due to its gratifying aroma. This has led to overexploitation of agarwood produced by species from Thymelaeaceae such as Aquilaria spp., Gyrinops spp., Gonystylus spp. and a mostly unnoticed species, Aetoxylon sympetalum. Although a candidate, A. sympetalum has not been included in CITES, in contrast with other agarwoods. This could be due to the difficulty in identifying this species because of a lack of information regarding its wood anatomy. The aim of this study is to elucidate the wood anatomy of A. sympetalum and the

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29

Primadina, Nova, Nilam Sari, Yelvi Levani, and Nur Aisah Ibrahimiyah. "The Effect of Aetoxylon sympetalum Essential Oil Treatment on Focus Endurance Level of First-Year Medical Students." Qanun Medika - Medical Journal Faculty of Medicine Muhammadiyah Surabaya 9, no. 01 (2025). https://doi.org/10.30651/jqm.v9i01.23675.

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First-year medical students tend to experience stress, which can affect how they maintain focus on their work. One alternative treatment that can be done is through relaxation techniques using aromatherapy in the form of essential oils. Crocodile agarwood (Aetoxylon sympetalum) is one of the plants that can provide anxiolytic and antidepressant effects that can be associated with these problems. This study aims to determine the effect of giving Aetoxylon sympetalum essential oil on the level of ability to maintain the focus of first-year students of the medical faculty. This quasi-experiment r

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30

Mullally, Martha, Kari Kramp, Chris Cayer, et al. "Anxiolytic activity of a supercritical carbon dioxide extract of Souroubea sympetala (Marcgraviaceae)." Phytotherapy Research, July 21, 2010, n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3246.

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31

Haydarov, Mavlonjon Mashrabovich Sayramov Fayzullo Baratjon o`g`li Rahmonova Ozoda Mansurbek qizi Eshnorova Jasmina Nizomiddin qizi. "ESSENTIAL OILS AND MEDICINAL PLANTS CONTAINING MONOCYCLIC MONOTERPENES." November 5, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7294869.

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<em>All flowering plants common on earth belong to 300 families, of which 2500 species of 87 families have essential oils. In the flora of the CIS countries, there are more than 1100 species of essential oil plants belonging to 77 families. In Uzbekistan, 607 species of essential oil plants are known, they belong to 261 genera and 56 families. The mint family (Lamiaceae) ranks third among the Sympetalae in terms of size and species diversity after Asteraceae and Rubiaceae. This family contains about 170 genera and about 3400 species on Earth.</em>

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32

Murkar, Anthony, Christian Cayer, Jon James, et al. "Extract and Active Principal of the Neotropical Vine Souroubea sympetala Gilg. Block Fear Memory Reconsolidation." Frontiers in Pharmacology 10 (December 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01496.

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33

Asyari, Khairunnisa, Afghani Jayuska, Muhamad Agus Wibowo, and Puji Ardiningsih. "AKTIVITAS ANTIRAYAP DARI EKSTRAK METANOL GUBAL KAYU GAHARU BUAYA (Aetoxylon sympetalum) TERHADAP RAYAP TANAH (Coptotermes sp.) (ANTITERMITE ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT AGARWOOD BUAYA (Aetoxylon sympetalum) ON SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Coptotermes sp.))." Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 6, no. 2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/indonesian.v6i2.62269.

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Agarwood buaya (Aetoxylon sympetalum) is a Kalimantan endemic plant whose utilization has not been optimal. This plant has potential as an anti-termite, one of which is sapwood. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites from the results of phytochemical screening, components of agarwood buaya sapwood based on GC-MS analysis fraction n-hexane and anti-termite activity against subterranean termites (Coptotermes sp.). Research that has been done is divided into four steps, maceration and fractionation, phytochemical screening, GC-MS analysis, and testing the activity of te

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34

Carballo-Arce, Ana Francis, Luis Roberto Villegas-Peñaranda, Raúl Esteban Garro-Álvarez, et al. "Mini review: Ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of the tropical American family Marcgraviaceae." Frontiers in Pharmacology 16 (July 21, 2025). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1622814.

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The Marcgraviaceae is a neotropical family of lianas and shrubs that has received limited investigation for its medicinal properties. Characterized by prominent, nectar-rich terminal inflorescences, the family comprises 7 genera and 136 species. Traditional uses among Indigenous communities in the Americas include treatments for anxiety, sleep disorders, mental health conditions, and various dermatological ailments. Pharmacological and phytochemical studies have confirmed that extracts from the genus Marcgravia, traditionally used for dermatological conditions, inhibit bacterial quorum sensing

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35

Bhattacharyya, P. K., and Kaustuv Bhattacharyya. "A Comparison of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Classification (2003) with System of Takhtajan (1997) and Cronquist (1988)." Nelumbo, May 22, 2024, 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v49/2007/73999.

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A tabular comparison of the classification of the superordinal groups, orders and families of angiosperms by the APG II (2003), Takhtajan (1997) and Cronquist (1988) is presented. The linear sequence of the orders (45) and families (453) is that of the APG. The APG provided a new model of phylogenetic classification. The framework of Superordinal groups such as Magnoliids, Monocots. Cornmelinids, Eudicots, Rosids and Asterids is fully resolved. But many details for understanding the relationships between many of the basal clades of angiosperms, among major eudicot lineages, and many orders suc

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36

Almukarramah, Almukarramah, Ibrahim Ibrahim, and Sufriadi Sufriadi. "Tanaman Berkhasiat Obat dari Sub Kelas Sympetaleae yang digunakan Masyarakat." Serambi Saintia : Jurnal Sains dan Aplikasi 7, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/jss.v7i1.988.

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Tumbuhan ini sebagian besar tumbuh di perkarangan rumah atau kebun masyarakat di kawasan Pagar air Aceh Besar baik dibudidaya atau secara liar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan lokasi penelitiannya adalah seluruh perkarangan rumah dan kebun yang terdapat di Gampong Tanjong Pagar Air Aceh Besar, Pengambilan data dengan cara observasi di lapangan dan mencatat jenis tanaman berkhasiat obat serta wawancara dengan ibu rumah tangga cara penggunaan sebagai obat. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 16 jenis tanaman dari sub kelas Sympetaleae yang terdapat di perkampungan dan ber

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