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1
Swanson, Kelly S., Glenn R. Gibson, Robert Hutkins, Raylene A. Reimer, Gregor Reid, Kristin Verbeke, Karen P. Scott, et al. "The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of synbiotics." Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology 17, no. 11 (August 21, 2020): 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-0344-2.
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Abstract In May 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) convened a panel of nutritionists, physiologists and microbiologists to review the definition and scope of synbiotics. The panel updated the definition of a synbiotic to “a mixture comprising live microorganisms and substrate(s) selectively utilized by host microorganisms that confers a health benefit on the host”. The panel concluded that defining synbiotics as simply a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics could suppress the innovation of synbiotics that are designed to function cooperatively. Requiring that each component must meet the evidence and dose requirements for probiotics and prebiotics individually could also present an obstacle. Rather, the panel clarified that a complementary synbiotic, which has not been designed so that its component parts function cooperatively, must be composed of a probiotic plus a prebiotic, whereas a synergistic synbiotic does not need to be so. A synergistic synbiotic is a synbiotic for which the substrate is designed to be selectively utilized by the co-administered microorganisms. This Consensus Statement further explores the levels of evidence (existing and required), safety, effects upon targets and implications for stakeholders of the synbiotic concept.
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Gewaily, Mahmoud S., Safaa E. Abdo, Eman M. Moustafa, Marwa F. AbdEl-kader, Ibrahim M. Abd El-Razek, Mohamed El-Sharnouby, Mohamed Alkafafy, et al. "Dietary Synbiotics Can Help Relieve the Impacts of Deltamethrin Toxicity of Nile Tilapia Reared at Low Temperatures." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061790.
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The optimal water temperature for the normal growth of Nile tilapia is between 26 and 28 °C, and the toxicity of pesticides is strongly related to water temperature. An alternate approach to augmenting the resistance of fish to ambient water toxicity and low water temperature via synbiotic feeding was proposed. In this study, fish were allocated into four groups with 10 fish in each replicate, where they were fed a basal diet or synbiotics (550 mg/kg) and kept at a suboptimal water temperature (21 ± 2 °C). The prepared diets were fed to Nile tilapia for 30 days with or without deltamethrin (DMT) ambient exposure (15 μg/L). The groups were named control (basal diet without DMT toxicity), DMT (basal diet with DMT toxicity), synbiotic (synbiotics without DMT toxicity), and DMT + synbiotic (synbiotics with DMT toxicity). The results displayed upregulated transcription of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and interferon (IFN-γ) genes caused by DMT exposure and synbiotic feeding when compared with the controls. Moreover, HSP70 and CASP3 genes displayed increased transcription caused by DMT exposure without synbiotic feeding. However, fish fed with synbiotics showed downregulated HSP70 and CASP3 gene expressions. The transcription of IL-1β and IL-8 genes were also decreased by DMT exposure, while fish fed synbiotics showed upregulated levels. DMT exposure resulted in irregular histopathological features in gills, intestine, spleen, and liver tissues, while fish fed synbiotics showed regular, normal, and protected histopathological images. Our results indicated that dietary synbiotics ameliorated histopathological damages in DMT-exposed tilapia through alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation as well as enhancing the immunity.
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Kim, Jina, Hyaekang Kim, Soomin Jeon, Jinchul Jo, Younghoon Kim, and Heebal Kim. "Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria with Curcuma longa Rhizome Extract as Synbiotic against Cutibacterium acnes." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 8955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248955.
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Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease induced by Cutibacterium acnes. Recently, the effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics have been researched for the treatment of skin diseases in humans. However, the synbiotic effect of probiotics and prebiotic Curcuma longa rhizome extract (CLE) on C. acnes remains ambiguous. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic antibacterial activities of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with CLE as a synbiotic against C. acnes. Agar well diffusion assays were performed to determine the inhibitory effects of each combination of one of five Lactobacillus sp. with CLE as synbiotics against C. acnes KCTC 3314. Among them, the comparison between the average diameters of inhibition zones showed that the synbiotic combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus A001F8 and CLE significantly increased the inhibition zone diameters against C. acnes, compared to the use of Lactobacillus acidophilus A001F8 or CLE alone (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the synbiotics of probiotic LAB and CLE showed synergistic antibacterial effects against C. acnes, suggesting therapeutic potential for this synbiotic combination in the development of cosmetics or medicine against C. acnes.
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Villagrán-de la Mora, Zuamí, Karla Nuño, Olga Vázquez-Paulino, Hugo Avalos, Javier Castro-Rosas, Carlos Gómez-Aldapa, Carlos Angulo, Felipe Ascencio, and Angélica Villarruel-López. "Effect of a Synbiotic Mix on Intestinal Structural Changes, and Salmonella Typhimurium and Clostridium Perfringens Colonization in Broiler Chickens." Animals 9, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100777.
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Synbiotics can prevent gastrointestinal infections in broilers. This work studies the effect of a Synbiotic on broilers. One-day-old male broilers were divided into groups: Control; Synbiotic; Synbiotic + S. Typhimurium; Synbiotic + C. perfringens; Synbiotic + S. Typhimurium + C. perfringens; S. Typhimurium; C. perfringens; and S. Typhimurium + C. perfringens. Histopathological analysis revealed that the Synbiotic promoted longer villi, less deep crypts, and better villi-crypt ratio. Broilers treated with the Synbiotic, infected with pathogens or not, had healthier mucosa. In groups infected with pathogens, the frequency and intensity of histopathologic lesions were lessened often in groups treated with the Synbiotic. The Synbiotic group had higher lactic acid bacteria counts than the Control group on day 39, and the isolation frequency of S. Typhimurium was lower (p < 0.05) in the Synbiotic-treated groups. On day 18, mucosa, villi, villi-crypt ratio, crypt, and feed intake were influenced by Enterobacteriaceae. However, on day 39 (end of the trial), those parameters were influenced by lactic acid bacteria. The Synbiotic influenced morphological modifications in the duodenal mucosa, which in turn gave the broilers the ability to resist infections caused by S. Typhimurium and C. perfringens, by inhibiting their growth and decreasing the intensity and frequency of histopathological injuries.
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Widhani, Alvina, Samsuridjal Djauzi, Franciscus Dhyanagiri Suyatna, and Beti Ernawati Dewi. "Changes in Gut Microbiota and Systemic Inflammation after Synbiotic Supplementation in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial." Cells 11, no. 21 (October 29, 2022): 3419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11213419.
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Gut dysbiosis has a role in the pathogenesis of lupus. Synbiotic supplementation may restore the balance of gut microbiota. This study investigated whether synbiotics could improve gut microbiota and systemic inflammation in lupus patients. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Subjects were randomized to receive either synbiotics or a placebo. Fecal microbiota, hs-CRP, IL-6, and IL-17 were measured at baseline and after 60 days. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomized into synbiotic (n = 23) and placebo groups (n = 23). In the synbiotic group, hs-CRP was not significantly increased (1.8 [0.9; 4.85] vs. 2.1 [0.9; 4.25] mg/L; pre vs. post; p = 0.23), whereas in the placebo group hs-CRP was increased significantly (1.75 [0.4; 4.45] vs. 3.75 [0.58; 7.05] mg/L; pre vs. post; p = 0.005). In the synbiotic group, IL-6 decreased significantly (8.76 [6.62; 11.39] vs. 6.59 [4.96; 8.01]; pre vs. post; p = 0.02), while there was no significant change in IL-17 level. In the placebo group, there was no significant change in IL-6 and IL-17. Synbiotic supplementation increased the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio (0.05 ± 0.60 vs. −0.08 ± 0.63, synbiotic vs. placebo p = 0.48) and butyrate metabolism (p = 0.037) and decreased amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (p = 0.040). There was improvement in the SLE disease activity index 2K (SLEDAI-2K) score in the synbiotic group (14 [9; 16] vs. 8 [2; 12]; pre vs. post; p < 0.001), while no change in the placebo group (9 [8; 18.25] vs. 9 [5.5; 15]; pre vs. post; p = 0.31). Synbiotic supplementation could reduce systemic inflammation and SLE disease activity and alter the composition and functions of gut microbiota.
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Jung, Susie, Kwang-Min Kim, Sung-Min Youn, and Kyu-Nam Kim. "A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Multi-Strain Synbiotic in Patients with Functional Diarrhea and High Fecal Calprotectin Levels: A Pilot Study." Nutrients 14, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 5017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14235017.
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Synbiotics, including probiotics and prebiotics, are useful for patients with functional bowel disorders. However, which synbiotics are beneficial for patients with which diseases, especially those with functional diarrhea (FDr) with high fecal calprotectin levels, is currently unknown. FDr is an extension of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D). Although fewer studies have been conducted on FDr compared to IBS-D, its importance is increasing as its prevalence increases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a synbiotic containing a mixture of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and its substrate, fructooligosaccharide, on bowel symptoms, fecal calprotectin levels, fecal microbiota, and safety in FDr patients with high fecal calprotectin levels. Forty patients were randomly assigned to either a synbiotic group or a placebo group. A total of 20 subjects in the synbiotic group and 19 subjects in the placebo group completed the study (8 weeks). Changes in FDr symptoms, fecal calprotectin levels, and gut microbiota were assessed during the intervention period. At 4 and 8 weeks, the number of bowel movements tended to increase in the synbiotic group, with a significant increase in the number of formed stools rather than loose stools (p < 0.05). Bowel movement satisfaction was significantly increased in the synbiotic group, but not in the placebo group. Intestinal flora analysis revealed that Lactobacillales at the order level was increased only in the synbiotic group at the end of the intervention. In contrast, at week 8 of the intervention, log-transformed fecal calprotectin levels were significantly decreased in the synbiotic group, although the change was not significantly different from that of the placebo group. These findings suggest that the intake of a multi-strain-containing synbiotic for 8 weeks could improve gut symptoms and the intestinal microenvironment of FDr patients with high fecal calprotectin levels.
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Gunawan, Delima Citra Dewi, Mohammad Juffrie, Siti Helmyati Siti Helmyati, and Endang Sutriswati Rahayu. "Synbiotic (L. plantarum Dad-13 and Fructo-oligosaccharide) Powder on Gut Microbiota (L. plantarum, Bifidobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae) on Stunting Children in Yogyakarta, Indonesia." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 371–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.10.1.31.
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Synbiotics have a positive effect on the composition of the gut microbiota. They will increase the production of short-chain fatty acid that has modulating effect on gastrointestinal epithelial cell integrity, appetite regulation, and immune function. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of synbiotics (L. plantarum Dad-13 and fructo-oligosaccharide) on gut microbiota composition (L. plantarum, Bifidobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae) in stunting children under five in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research methods used double blind randomized controlled trials with parallel design. The sample consisted of 39 stunting children under five which was divided into 19 subjects as a synbiotic group given synbiotic (L. plantarum Dad-13 1x1010 CFU and fructo-oligosaccharide 700 mg) powder and 20 subjects as a placebo group given skim milk. The intervention was carried out for 90 days. The result showed that, statistically, there were significant differences in synbiotic group on gut microbiota (increased in L. plantarum and Bifidobacterium, while decreased in Enterobacteriaceae). Protein and carbohydrate were significantly increasing (p=0.000; p=0.001) in synbiotic group compared to placebo group. Body weight and height were significantly different (p=0.000) in both groups. Bodyweight and height of children on synbiotic group was increasing 1.02 and 1.6 times higher than placebo group. Neither morbidity nor weight loss was recorded throughout consumption period. Synbiotic powder has significantly positive effect on gut microbiota that can induce nutrient intake, height and weight gain of stunting children.
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RAI, S., S. MANDAL, R. BEHERA, J. SAHU, T. K. DUTTA, R. JAS, A. CHATTERJEE, D. K. MANDAL, M. KARUNAKARAN, and M. K. GHOSH. "Effect of feeding fermentable synbiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus NCDC 298 and fructo-oligosaccharide) to Jersey crossbred calves up to 3 months of age." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, no. 4 (September 1, 2020): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i4.104215.
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The synbiotic combination of L. rhamnosus NCDC 298 and fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) is known to be effective against diarrhoea by preventing the adhesion of pathogens to the gutt, hereby, preventing infection and pathology. Such synergistic effect of the combination has emerged as a favourable alternative to antibiotic use against diseases and growth promoters in the livestock industry. The present study assessed the health and growth performance of the calves supplemented fermentable synbiotic fortified milk from 4 to 90 days and observed its performance till 120th day of age. Body temperature and passive immunity (IgG) were significantly better in calves fed synbiotics with notable increase in body weight and heart girth post synbiotic feeding period. These calves had increased dry matter intake per animal/day when compared to the control animals. The populations of Lactobacillus sp. elevated with decreased pathogenic bacteria (Coliform) in faeces on feeding synbiotics and it continued even after 90 days of age indicating colonization of beneficial bacteria. Therefore, feeding of fermentable synbiotics had observable beneficial effects on health, immunity and growth of the Jersey crossbred calves. The findings encourage further verification of fermentable synbiotics fortified milk as a potential growth promoter to young dairy calves.
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Frece, Jadranka, Blaženka Kos, Ivan Krešimir Svetec, Zoran Zgaga, Jasna Beganović, Andreja Leboš, and Jagoda Šušković. "Synbiotic effect of Lactobacillus helveticus M92 and prebiotics on the intestinal microflora and immune system of mice." Journal of Dairy Research 76, no. 1 (January 5, 2009): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029908003737.
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The synbiotic effect of the oral treatment of Swiss albino mice with milk-based diets supplemented with Lactobacillus helveticus M92 and various kinds of prebiotics was investigated. Survival, competition, adhesion and colonization, as well as, immunomodulating capability of Lb. helveticus M92, in synbiotic combination, in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of mice, were monitored. After the mice were fed with synbiotics, the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in faeces were increased and reduction of enterobacteria and sulphite-reducing clostridia was observed. Similar results were obtained in homogenates of small and large intestine of mice on the 1st and 14th day, after feeding with synbiotics. After the mice were orally given viable Lb. helveticus M92 cells, alone or in combination with prebiotic, the concentration of faecal SIgA and total serum IgA antibodies from all immunized mice were higher compared with the control. The specific humoral immune response was not evoked after oral administration, therefore their synbiotic application is suitable. Among inulin, lactulose and raffinose, Lb. helveticus M92 in combination with inulin, has shown the best synbiotic effect on intestinal and faecal microflora and immune system of mice.
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Kahbazi, Manijeh, Marzieh Ebrahimi, Nader Zarinfar, Mohammad Arjomandzadegan, Taha Fereydouni, Fatemeh Karimi, and Amir Reza Najmi. "Efficacy of Synbiotics for Treatment of Bacillary Dysentery in Children: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study." Advances in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3194010.
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Bacillary dysentery is a major cause of children’s admission to hospitals. To assess the probiotic and prebiotic (synbiotics) effects in children with dysentery in a randomized clinical trial, 200 children with dysentery were studied in 2 groups: the synbiotic group received 1 tablet/day of synbiotic for 3–5 days and the placebo group received placebo tablets (identical tablet form like probiotics). The standard treatment was administered for all patients. Duration of hospitalization, dysentery, fever, and the weight loss were assessed in each group. It was concluded that there was no significant difference in both groups in the baseline characteristics. The mean duration of dysentery reduced (P<0.05). The mean duration of fever has been significantly reduced in the synbiotic group (1.64±0.87days) in comparison to the placebo group (2.13±0.94days) (P<0.001). Average amount of weight loss was significantly lower in the synbiotic group in comparison to that in the placebo group (129.5±23.388grams and278±28.385grams, resp.;P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean duration of hospitalization in both groups (P>0.05). The use of synbiotics as an adjuvant therapy to the standard treatment of dysentery significantly reduces the duration of dysentery, fever, and rate of weight losses. The trial is registered withIRCT201109267647N1.
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Sergeev, Igor N., Thamer Aljutaily, Gemma Walton, and Eduardo Huarte. "Effects of Synbiotic Supplement on Human Gut Microbiota, Body Composition and Weight Loss in Obesity." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010222.
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Targeting gut microbiota with synbiotics (probiotic supplements containing prebiotic components) is emerging as a promising intervention in the comprehensive nutritional approach to reducing obesity. Weight loss resulting from low-carbohydrate high-protein diets can be significant but has also been linked to potentially negative health effects due to increased bacterial fermentation of undigested protein within the colon and subsequent changes in gut microbiota composition. Correcting obesity-induced disruption of gut microbiota with synbiotics can be more effective than supplementation with probiotics alone because prebiotic components of synbiotics support the growth and survival of positive bacteria therein. The purpose of this placebo-controlled intervention clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of a synbiotic supplement on the composition, richness and diversity of gut microbiota and associations of microbial species with body composition parameters and biomarkers of obesity in human subjects participating in a weight loss program. The probiotic component of the synbiotic used in the study contained Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium bifidum and the prebiotic component was a galactooligosaccharide mixture. The results showed no statistically significant differences in body composition (body mass, BMI, body fat mass, body fat percentage, body lean mass, and bone mineral content) between the placebo and synbiotic groups at the end of the clinical trial (3-month intervention, 20 human subjects participating in weight loss intervention based on a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, reduced energy diet). Synbiotic supplementation increased the abundance of gut bacteria associated with positive health effects, especially Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and it also appeared to increase the gut microbiota richness. A decreasing trend in the gut microbiota diversity in the placebo and synbiotic groups was observed at the end of trial, which may imply the effect of the high-protein low-carbohydrate diet used in the weight loss program. Regression analysis performed to correlate abundance of species following supplementation with body composition parameters and biomarkers of obesity found an association between a decrease over time in blood glucose and an increase in Lactobacillus abundance, particularly in the synbiotic group. However, the decrease over time in body mass, BMI, waist circumstance, and body fat mass was associated with a decrease in Bifidobacterium abundance. The results obtained support the conclusion that synbiotic supplement used in this clinical trial modulates human gut microbiota by increasing abundance of potentially beneficial microbial species.
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McFarlane, Catherine, Rathika Krishnasamy, Tony Stanton, Emma Savill, Matthew Snelson, Gabor Mihala, Jaimon T. Kelly, Mark Morrison, David W. Johnson, and Katrina L. Campbell. "Synbiotics Easing Renal Failure by Improving Gut Microbiology II (SYNERGY II): A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial." Nutrients 13, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 4481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124481.
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Synbiotics have emerged as a therapeutic strategy for modulating the gut microbiome and targeting novel cardiovascular risk factors, including uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS). This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a trial of long-term synbiotic supplementation in adults with stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease (CKD). Adult participants with CKD and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 15–60 mL/min/1.73 m2) were recruited between April 2017 and August 2018 to a feasibility, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of synbiotic therapy or matched identical placebo for 12 months. The primary outcomes were recruitment and retention rates as well as acceptability of the intervention. Secondary outcomes were treatment adherence and dietary intake. Exploratory outcomes were evaluation of the cardiovascular structure and function, serum IS and PCS, stool microbiota profile, kidney function, blood pressure, and lipid profile. Of 166 potentially eligible patients, 68 (41%) were recruited into the trial (synbiotic n = 35, placebo n = 33). Synbiotic and placebo groups had acceptable and comparable 12-month retention rates (80% versus 85%, respectively, p = 0.60). Synbiotic supplementation altered the stool microbiome with an enrichment of Bifidobacterium and Blautia spp., resulting in a 3.14 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% confidence interval (CI), −6.23 to −0.06 mL/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.01) reduction in eGFR and a 20.8 µmol/L (95% CI, 2.97 to 38.5 µmol/L, p < 0.01) increase in serum creatinine concentration. No between-group differences were observed in any of the other secondary or exploratory outcomes. Long-term synbiotic supplementation was feasible and acceptable to patients with CKD, and it modified the gastrointestinal microbiome. However, the reduction in kidney function with synbiotics warrants further investigation.
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Kleniewska, Paulina, and Rafał Pawliczak. "Influence of Synbiotics on Selected Oxidative Stress Parameters." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9315375.
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The aim of the present study was to assess synbiotic (Lactobacillus casei+ inulin) influence on oxidative stress parameters such as concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glutathione, and free sulfhydryl groups content. Experiments were carried out on healthy volunteers (n=32). The subjects were divided into women group (n=16) and men group (n=16) and randomly assigned to synbiotic and control groups. Blood samples were collected before synbiotic supplementation and after 7 wks, at the end of the study. The administration of synbiotic resulted in a significant decrease in MDA (p<0.01), H2O2(p<0.01), and GSSG concentrations (p<0.05) as compared with the control groups and significant increase in the concentrations of GSHt (p<0.001), GSH (p<0.01), and -SH group content (p<0.05) versus control. Synbiotics containingL. caseiplus inulin may have positive influence on selected oxidative stress markers.
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Patel, Dhara, Chirayu Desai, Deepmala Singh, Virupakshi Soppina, Kirti Parwani, Farhin Patel, and Palash Mandal. "Synbiotic Intervention Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Gut Permeability in an In Vitro and In Vivo Model of Ethanol-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis." Biomedicines 10, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 3285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10123285.
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Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) alters gut microbiota and tight junctions, causing bacterial components to enter the portal vein and induce oxidative stress-induced inflammation in the liver. Only corticosteroids and liver transplants are treatment options for severe alcoholic hepatitis. ALD’s pathophysiology is unknown. However, acetaldehyde’s toxic effects cause oxidative stress and intestinal permeability. This study investigates the influence of a synbiotic (a combination of aged garlic extract (AGE) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus MTCC1423) on colonic oxidative stress and inflammation in ALD male Wistar rats and Caco2 cells. MDA measurement by HPLC in CaCo2 cells, blood serum, and colon tissue demonstrated that synbiotic treatment in the ALD model reduces oxidative stress. Further, fecal high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the microbiome’s shift towards Firmicutes in the synbiotic group compared to ethanol. In addition, DCFDA labeling and H/E staining demonstrate that the synbiotic is beneficial in inhibiting the development of ALD. In the colon, the synbiotic reduces the activation of CYP2E1 and the inflammatory markers TNF-a and IL-6 while elevating the mRNA expression of ZO-1, occludin, and IL-10. Synbiotics colonize Lactobacillus to restore barrier function and microbiota and reduce colon oxidative stress. Thus, a synbiotic combination can be used in ALD treatment.
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Ipar, N., S. Durmus Aydogdu, G. Kilic Yildirim, M. Inal, I. Gies, Y. Vandenplas, and E. C. Dinleyici. "Effects of synbiotic on anthropometry, lipid profile and oxidative stress in obese children." Beneficial Microbes 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2015.0011.
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Recent studies have suggested some beneficial effects of probiotics and/or prebiotics on obesity in adults; such experience is limited in children and adolescents. This study was an open-label, randomised, controlled study including children with primary obesity. The first group was treated with a standard method with a reduced calorie intake and increased physical activity. The second group received add-on daily synbiotic supplementation during one month. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential effects of a synbiotic on anthropometric measurements, lipid profile and oxidative stress parameters. One month of supplementation of the synbiotic resulted in a significant reduction of weight (P<0.001) and body mass index (P<0.01). Changes (% reduction comparing to baseline) in anthropometric measurements, were significantly higher in the children receiving the additional synbiotic supplement (P<0.05). The percentage of children with weight loss was higher in the synbiotic group, but not statistically significant (71.4 vs 64.2%, P>0.05). At the 30th day of synbiotic intervention, serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total oxidative stress levels significantly declined (P<0.05). Changes in serum lipid levels were significantly higher in the synbiotic group (P<0.05). Changes in serum total oxidative stress levels before and after the intervention period, were significant in synbiotic group (P<0.01). In our study, changes in weight, body mass index, and triceps skinfold thickness were higher in the group receiving the one month synbiotic supplement thin in the standard method group. The supplement tested also had a beneficial effect on lipid profile and total oxidative stress. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing the effects of synbiotics on oxidative stress in obese patients with an additional effect on weight loss regarding to previous studies.
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Qatan, Ghada A. "Preparing of saccharomyces cereviciae Synbiotic for Reducing Expermental Infection of salmonella typhimurium in Broiler 2–advanced age ( 16 -30 days)." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 32, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v32i1.767.
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This study aimed to prepare a synbiotic of Sacch. cerevisiae and used as 0.1 and 0.2 % in feed (T2,T3) for reducing the experimental infection of Salmonella typhimurium to broiler chicks ( -6103days) by using 40 birds divided into four treatments , T1 was negative control with 0.1 % synbiotics and T4 was positive control with experimental infection only , production
and blood parameters were studied , and the results showed the following: A synbiotic of Sacch. cerevisiae was made which have 10 7 cfu of
Sacch. cerevisiae and 10 mg Mannan Oligosaccharide per gram .Using 0.1 and 0.2 % of Sacch. cerevisiae synbiotic reduced experimental infection of Salmonella typhimurium via increase body weight and feed conversion and
decrease mortality and physiological stress of experimental infection.
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Rokhmawati, Ani Isti, Wahyu Damayanti, and Madarina Julia. "Efficacy of synbiotic and probiotic treatments on acute watery diarrhea in children." Paediatrica Indonesiana 52, no. 4 (August 31, 2012): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi52.4.2012.209-12.
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Background In developing countries, acute watery diarrhea isa common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Givingsynbiotics or probiotics may decrease the severity of diarrhea.Objective To compare the efficacy of synbiotics and probioticsin decreasing the frequency of diarrhea, shortening the duration,and increasing patient body weight.Methods This was a doubleblind, randomized clinical trial tocompare the effects of synbiotic vs probiotic treatment in childrenaged 659 months v.ith acute watery diarrhea. This study wasperformed from October to December 2010 in two hospitals inCentral Java. Subjects received either synbiotics or probioticstv.ice daily for five days. The measured outcomes were durationof diarrhea, daily frequency of diarrhea, and increase in bodyweight.Results There was no significant difference in the mean durationof the diarrhea in the synbiotic and probiotic groups, 3.92 days(SD 0.79) vs 3.80 days (SD 0.82) ,(P0.35), respectively. Nor didwe observe a significant difference in the mean increase in bodyweight in the synbiotic and probiotic groups, 150 g (SD 49.7) vs160 g (SD 48.9), (P 0.67), respectively.Conclusion We observed no significant differences in efficacy ofsynbiotic and probiotic treatment for management of acute waterydiarrhea. [Paediatr Indones. 2012;52:209,12].
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Chiou, Wei-Chung, Bei-Hau Chang, Hsiao-Hsuan Tien, Yu-Lin Cai, Ya-Chi Fan, Wei-Jen Chen, Hui-Fang Chu, Yu-Hsin Chen, and Cheng Huang. "Synbiotic Intervention with an Adlay-Based Prebiotic and Probiotics Improved Diet-Induced Metabolic Disturbance in Mice by Modulation of the Gut Microbiota." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 3161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093161.
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Metabolic syndrome and its associated conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are a major public health issue in modern societies. Dietary interventions, including microbiota-directed foods which effectively modulate the gut microbiome, may influence the regulation of obesity and associated comorbidities. Although research on probiotics and prebiotics has been conducted extensively in recent years, diets with the use of synbiotics remain relatively unexplored. Here, we investigated the effects of a novel synbiotic intervention, consisting of an adlay seed extrusion cooked (ASEC)-based prebiotic and probiotic (Lactobacillus paracasei and Bacillus coagulans) on metabolic disorders and microbial dysbiosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The ASEC-based synbiotic intervention helped improve HFD-induced body weight gain, hyperlipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and inflammation of the adipose and liver tissues. In addition, data from fecal metagenomics indicated that the ASEC-based synbiotic intervention fostered reconstitution of gut bacterial diversity and composition in HFD-induced obese mice. In particular, the ASEC-based synbiotic intervention increased the relative abundance of families Ruminococcaceae and Muribaculaceae and order Bacteroidales and reduced that of families Lactobacillaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Streptococcaceae in HFD-induced obese mice. Collectively, our results suggest that delayed dietary intervention with the novel ASEC-based synbiotic ameliorates HFD-induced obesity, metabolic disorders, and dysbiosis.
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Prentza, Zoi, Francesco Castellone, Matteo Legnardi, Birgit Antlinger, Maia Segura-Wang, Giorgos Kefalas, Nikolaos Papaioannou, et al. "Administration of a Multi-Genus Synbiotic to Broilers: Effects on Gut Health, Microbial Composition and Performance." Animals 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13010113.
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In recent years, the applicability of prebiotics, probiotics and their mixtures, defined as synbiotics, in poultry production has received considerable attention. Following the increasing regulation of antibiotic use, these nutraceuticals are seen as an alternative way to sustain production efficiency and resistance to pathogens and stressors by modulating birds’ gut health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits provided under field conditions by administering the multi-species synbiotic PoultryStar® sol to broilers in drinking water. To this purpose, three Ross 308 broiler flocks, representing separate progenies of a breeder flock which was treated with the same synbiotic, were housed in separate farms, divided into treatment and control groups, and followed throughout the productive cycle. Synbiotic administration was shown to improve gut health even in absence of a challenge, with limited changes in terms of macroscopic intestinal lesions and more overt differences related to histopathological scores and villi length. Synbiotic-fed chickens performed consistently better in terms of body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and survivability. Lastly, the evaluation of the caecal microbiome through next-generation sequencing highlighted the effects of synbiotic supplementation on the composition of the bacterial population, the implications of which will, however, require further studies to be better comprehended.
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Pasinetti, Giulio. "Synbiotic-Derived Metabolites Reduce Neuroinflammatory Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac064.023.
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Abstract Objectives Synbiotics, the combination of probiotics and prebiotics, can be designed to produce specific bioavailable metabolites that penetrate the blood-brain-barrier and reduce neuropathologies associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We designed an in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal tract that can be used to optimize the production of metabolites from synbiotic formulations using machine learning algorithms that can then be tested in animal models of AD. Our objective is to optimize/characterize a synbiotic's metabolite production using an in vitro bioreactor as a therapeutic tool against AD. We hypothesize that a synbiotic designed towards the production of specific brain-bioactive metabolites will synergistically mitigate the neuro- and systemic-pathologies associated with AD. Methods Using the in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal tract, we have used this optimized combination of polyphenols and tested 15 combinations of 6 probiotic bacteria as a synbiotic to optimize metabolite production using a multivariate regression algorithm (MARS) and found that three probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium infantis and L. salivarius together synergistically improve the production of brain bioavailable metabolites including quercetin, kamferin, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. Results We have found that two polyphenolic metabolites 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3-(3′-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid derived from a grapeseed polyphenolic extract (GSPE) can penetrate the blood-brain-barrier and in vitro, inhibit the aggregation of amyloid plaques and tau fibrils. By increasing the diversity of the polyphenolic pool by adding a concord grape extract and resveratrol to the GSPE, we provided greater protection against cognitive impairment and amyloid aggregation in an AD mouse model than the components alone. Conclusions In vitro studies have confirmed that these metabolites have potent anti-inflammatory activity. This synbiotic combining potent grape-derived polyphenolic precursors with bioactive probiotic bacteria has the potential to slow the progression and treat AD by synergistically targeting multiple of its neuropathologies including inflammation, amyloid aggregation and tau fibril formation. Funding Sources These studies were funded by the NCCIH.
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Pasinetti, Giulio. "Synbiotic-Derived Metabolites Reduce Neuroinflammatory Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa062_035.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives Synbiotics, the combination of probiotics and prebiotics, can be designed to produce specific bioavailable metabolites that penetrate the blood-brain-barrier and reduce neuropathologies associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We designed an in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal tract that can be used to optimize the production of metabolites from synbiotic formulations using machine learning algorithms that can then be tested in animal models of AD. Our objective is to optimize/characterize a synbiotic's metabolite production using an in vitro bioreactor as a therapeutic tool against AD. We hypothesize that a synbiotic designed towards the production of specific brain-bioactive metabolites will synergistically mitigate the neuro- and systemic-pathologies associated with AD. Methods Using the in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal tract, we have used this optimized combination of polyphenols and tested 15 combinations of 6 probiotic bacteria as a synbiotic to optimize metabolite production using a multivariate regression algorithm (MARS) and found that three probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium infantis and L. salivarius together synergistically improve the production of brain bioavailable metabolites including quercetin, kamferin, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. Results We have found that two polyphenolic metabolites 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3-(3’-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid derived from a grapeseed polyphenolic extract (GSPE) can penetrate the blood-brain-barrier and in vitro, inhibit the aggregation of amyloid plaques and tau fibrils. Increasing the diversity of the polyphenolic pool by adding a concord grape extract and resveratrol to the GSPE, we provided greater protection against cognitive impairment and amyloid aggregation in an AD mouse model than the components alone. Conclusions In vitro studies have confirmed that these metabolites have potent anti-inflammatory activity. This synbiotic combining potent grape-derived polyphenolic precursors with bioactive probiotic bacteria has the potential to slow the progression and treat AD by synergistically targeting multiple of its neuropathologies including inflammation, amyloid aggregation and tau fibril formation. Funding Sources These studies were funded by the NCCIH P50 AT008661 Center.
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Li, Po-Hsien, Wen-Chien Lu, Yung-Jia Chan, Yu-Ping Zhao, Xiao-Bao Nie, Chang-Xing Jiang, and Yu-Xiang Ji. "Feasibility of Using Seaweed (Gracilaria coronopifolia) Synbiotic as a Bioactive Material for Intestinal Health." Foods 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8120623.
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The market contains only limited health care products that combine prebiotics and probiotics. In this study, we developed a seaweed-based Gracilaria coronopifolia synbiotic and verified the efficacy by small intestinal cells (Caco-2). We also developed a functional material that promotes intestinal health and prevents intestinal inflammation. G. coronopifolia was used as a red seaweed prebiotic, and Bifidobacterium bifidums, B. longum subsp. infantis, B. longum subsp. longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus were mixed for the seaweed’s synbiotics. G. coronopifolia synbiotics were nontoxic to Caco-2 cells, and the survival rate was 101% to 117% for a multiplicative effect on cell survival. After cells were induced by H2O2, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased to 151.5%, but after G. coronopifolia synbiotic treatment, decreased to a range between 101.8% and 109.6%. After cells were induced by tumor necrosis factor α, the ROS levels increased to 124.5%, but decreased to 57.7% with G. coronopifolia symbiotic treatment. G. coronopifolia synbiotics could effectively inhibit the production of ROS intestinal cells under oxidative stress (induced by H2O2 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)), which can reduce the damage of cells under oxidative stress. Functioning of intestinal cells could be improved by inhibiting the production of inflammatory factor substances (interleukin 8) with G. coronopifolia symbiotic treatment. Also, gastrointestinal diseases may be retarded by a synbiotic developed from G. coronopifolia to promote intestinal health and prevent intestinal inflammation.
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D’Onofrio, Valentina, Federica Del Chierico, Paola Belci, Pamela Vernocchi, Andrea Quagliariello, Sofia Reddel, Giorgia Conta, et al. "Effects of a Synbiotic Formula on Functional Bowel Disorders and Gut Microbiota Profile during Long-Term Home Enteral Nutrition (LTHEN): A Pilot Study." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010087.
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Long-term enteral nutrition (LTEN) can induce gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis and gastrointestinal related symptoms, such as constipation or diarrhoea. To date, the treatment of constipation is based on the use of laxatives and prebiotics. Only recently have probiotics and synbiotics been considered, the latter modulating the GM and regulating intestinal functions. This randomized open-label intervention study evaluated the effects of synbiotic treatment on the GM profile, its functional activity and on intestinal functions in long-term home EN (LTHEN) patients. Twenty LTHEN patients were recruited to take enteral formula plus one sachet/day of synbiotic (intervention group, IG) or enteral formula (control group, CG) for four months and evaluated for constipation, stool consistency, and GM and metabolite profiles. In IG patients, statistically significant reduction of constipation and increase of stool consistency were observed after four months (T1), compared to CG subjects. GM ecology analyses revealed a decrease in the microbial diversity of both IC and CG groups. Biodiversity increased at T1 for 5/11 IG patients and Methanobrevibacter was identified as the biomarker correlated to the richness increase. Moreover, the increase of short chain fatty acids and the reduction of harmful molecules have been correlated to synbiotic administration. Synbiotics improve constipation symptoms and influences Methanobrevibacter growth in LTHEN patients.
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Chundakkattumalayil, Honey Chandran, Sreelekshmi Kumar, Rakhie Narayanan, and Keerthi Thalakattil Raghavan. "Role of L. plantarum KX519413 as Probiotic and Acacia Gum as Prebiotic in Gastrointestinal Tract Strengthening." Microorganisms 7, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120659.
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Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are potential mediators to maintaining healthy intestinal flora and have garnered an area of wide research in the past few years. The current study assesses the in vivo effects of probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum MBTU-HK1), prebiotic (acacia gum) (either singly or in combination as a synbiotic on growth performance), biochemical, hematological, physiological, and immunological effects and their role in the reduction of procarcinogen enzyme activities in male Balb/c mice. The absence of treatment-related toxicity and a normal physiological range of biochemical and hematological parameters ensure their safe consumption. The synbiotic group was found to possess lowered cholesterol levels and enhanced protein and mineral content. The probiotic and synbiotic groups reinforced immunoglobulin levels and had a modulatory effect on phagocytosis. A lymphocyte proliferation pattern suggested the stimulatory effect of synbiotic combination on splenocyte viability and proliferation. Total antioxidant capability in the liver was determined by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and all the treatment groups were found to possess increased scavenging activity. Synbiotic and prebiotic treatment was observed to lead to reduced tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels. Bacterial procarcinogenic fecal enzyme activities were found to be decreased, proving their role in the prevention of colon cancer incidence. This study proves the potency and safety of oral administration of L. plantarum MBTU-HK1 and acacia gum either individually or in combination.
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Kwon, Ayeon, and Young-Seo Park. "Immunostimulatory Activity of Synbiotics Using Lactococcus lactis SG-030 and Glucooligosaccharides from Weissella cibaria YRK005." Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122437.
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Much attention has been recently paid to the health benefits of synbiotics, a combination of probiotics and prebiotics. In this study, synbiotics were prepared by combining lactic acid bacteria with potential as probiotics and purified glucooligosaccharides, and their immunostimulatory activity was evaluated using RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. A lactic acid bacteria strain with high antioxidant activity, acid and bile salt tolerance, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, and nitric oxide (NO) production was selected as a potential probiotic strain. The selected strain, isolated from forsythia, was identified as Lactococcus lactis SG-030. The purified glucooligosaccharides produced from Weissella cibaria YRK005 were used as prebiotics. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with synbiotics in two ways. One way was a simultaneous treatment with lactic acid bacteria and glucooligosaccharides. The other way was to pre-culture the lactic acid bacteria with glucooligosaccharides followed by treatment with synbiotic culture broth or synbiotic culture supernatant. In both cases, synbiotics synergistically increased NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, synbiotics treatment increased the expression of tissue necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase genes. Synbiotics also increased the expression of P38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and Akt proteins. The results confirmed that the synbiotics prepared in this study exhibited synergistic immunostimulatory activity.
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Gundogdu, Z. "Effect of a synbiotic on infantile acute gastroenteritis." Beneficial Microbes 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2013.0005.
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Acute gastroenteritis is still a common disease worldwide. Synbiotics are being used to alleviate the effects of acute gastroenteritis-related diarrhoea. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a synbiotic in reducing the duration of diarrhoea in children with acute gastroenteritis. The study has been carried out on data gathered from children with acute gastroenteritis between the age of three months and 14 years seen in paediatric polyclinics between August 2009 and April 2010. While synbiotic group patients got a sachet containing Bifidobacterium lactis 2211 with a minimum of 5×106 cfu active bacteria and 900 mg chicory inulin twice daily for five days together with an oral rehydration solution, the control group only received an oral rehydration solution. Therapy with synbiotic plus an oral rehydration solution shortened the duration of acute diarrhoea in children by approximately one day compared to oral rehydration solution only.
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Mofidi, Fatemeh, Hossein Poustchi, Zahra Yari, Babak Nourinayyer, Shahin Merat, Maryam Sharafkhah, Reza Malekzadeh, and Azita Hekmatdoost. "Synbiotic supplementation in lean patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a pilot, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial." British Journal of Nutrition 117, no. 5 (March 14, 2017): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517000204.
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AbstractAlthough non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading aetiology of liver disorders in the world, there is no proven treatment for NAFLD patients with normal or low BMI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of synbiotics supplementation in NAFLD patients with normal or low BMI. In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial, fifty patients with NAFLD were assigned to take either a synbiotic supplement or a placebo capsule for 28 weeks. Both groups were advised to follow a healthy lifestyle. At the end of the study, hepatic steatosis and fibrosis reduced in both groups; however, the mean reduction was significantly greater in the synbiotic group rather than in the placebo group (P<0·001). Furthermore, serum levels of fasting blood sugar, TAG and most of the inflammatory mediators reduced in the synbiotic group significantly compared with the placebo group (P<0·05). Our results provide evidence that synbiotic supplementation improves the main features of NAFLD in patients with normal and low BMI, at least partially through reduction in inflammatory indices. Further studies are needed to address the exact mechanism of action of these effects.
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Loo, Jan Van, Yvonne Clune, Mary Bennett, and John Kevin Collins. "The SYNCAN project: goals, set-up, first results and settings of the human intervention study." British Journal of Nutrition 93, S1 (April 2005): S91—S98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041353.
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Experimental evidence on the anticancer properties of dietary prebiotics such as chicory inulin and oligofructose and dietary probiotics has accumulated in recent years. Various experimental models ranging from chemoprevention studies, tumour implantation models to genetically modified mice models, etc. have systematically shown the protective effects of these food ingredients. In some studies it appeared that synbiotics (combination of pre- and probiotics) exerted synergistic activity against processes of carcinogenesis. The logical next step in research was to find out if these observations also would be valid for human volunteers. This was the principal goal of the EU-sponsored SYNCAN project (QLK1-1999-346) which involved the integration of an in vitro study to select the most suitable synbiotic preparation, the application of this synbiotic in an in vivo rat model of chemically induced colon cancer, and, as the heart of the project, the investigation of the synbiotic effects in a human intervention study. The in vitro tests consisted of fermentation studies where the interaction of pre- and probiotics was studied. Cell-free supernatants were generated from various synbiotic combinations fermented by faecal slurry, which were then used to optimise a series of bioassays. In the rat study the anticarcinogenic effect of prebiotics and synbiotics but not of probiotics was demonstrated. Using tissue samples generated in this model, attempts were made to gain a better insight into the mechanisms underlying cancer development. The human intervention study consisted of two groups of volunteers. One group was composed of people at high risk (polypectomised subjects) for colon cancer and the other of volunteers (colon cancer subjects) who had previously undergone ‘curative resection‘ for colon cancer but were not currently receiving treatment. The present paper describes the experimental design of the SYNCAN study, and demonstrates a functional effect of the synbiotic preparation (probiotic survival during gastrointestinal transit and modification of the intestinal flora). Detailed experimental outcome of the human intervention study will be reported elsewhere.
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Al-Obaidi, Faris A. "PREPARING OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVICIAE SYNBIOTIC FOR REDUCING EXPERMENTAL INFECTION OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN BROILER 1 –EARLY AGE ( 1 –15 DAYS )." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 32, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v32i1.766.
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This study was conducted at the College of Veterinary Medicine ,University of Baghdad to prepare synbiotic of Sacch. cerevisiae and used as 0.1 and 0 .2 % of feed (T2,T3) for reducing the experimental infection of Salmonella typhimurium to broiler chicks ( 1-15 days) by using 40 birds
divided into four treatments , T1 was negative control with 0.1 % synbiotics and T4 was positive control with experimental infection only , production and blood parameters were studed , and the results showed the following: A synbiotic of Sacch. cerevisiae was prepared at the first time locally which have 10 7 cfu of Sacch. cerevisiae and 10 mg Mannan Oligosaccharide per gram . Using 0.1 and 0.2 % of Sacch. cerevisiae synbiotic improved production parameters and reduced experimental infection via increase body weight and feed conversion and decrease mortality and physiological stress of experimental infection by rebalance of some studied blood parameters
which inclued PCV , RBCs , WBCs and Hb.
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Chan, Carty K. Y., Jun Tao, Olivia S. Chan, Hua-Bin Li, and Herbert Pang. "Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections by Synbiotic Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Advances in Nutrition 11, no. 4 (January 29, 2020): 979–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa003.
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ABSTRACT Dysbiosis of the human gut microbiome has been linked to various health conditions, including respiratory tract infections (RTIs) through the gut–lung axis. Several trials have reported that synbiotic therapy could help prevent RTIs or relieve symptoms of some diseases. This meta-analysis comprehensively evaluates the clinical effects of synbiotic supplements for preventing RTIs. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched by keywords for eligible clinical trials until April 2019. Sixty-two studies were retrieved, and 16 studies were selected for meta-analysis. The primary outcomes were defined as the proportion of participants with RTIs at least once or the times of RTI episodes during follow-up based on the intention-to-treat approach. Overall, synbiotic interventions reduced the incidence rate of RTIs by 16% (95% CI: 4%, 27%) and the proportion of participants experiencing RTIs by 16% (95% CI: 5%, 26%). There was no significant evidence of publication bias. A subgroup analysis suggested more prominent effects of synbiotics among adults than infants and children for RTI prevention. The sensitivity analysis excluding trials with prebiotics or probiotics as controls was consistent with our primary analysis. This meta-analysis of clinical trials involving >10,000 individuals showed that synbiotic interventions could be an alternative nutrition strategy for conferring human health and preventing RTIs. Future investigations on the clinical efficacy and safety of synbiotic interventions are warranted with strain-specific and dose-specific approaches.
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Jerez-Morales, Alonso, José S. Merino, Sindy T. Díaz-Castillo, Carlos T. Smith, Jorge Fuentealba, Humberto Bernasconi, Gerson Echeverría, and Apolinaria García-Cancino. "The Administration of the Synbiotic Lactobacillus bulgaricus 6c3 Strain, Inulin and Fructooligosaccharide Decreases the Concentrations of Indoxyl Sulfate and Kidney Damage in a Rat Model." Toxins 13, no. 3 (March 7, 2021): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13030192.
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Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in its cardiovascular complications. One of the approaches proposed to decrease IS is the administration of synbiotics. This work aimed to search for a probiotic strain capable to decrease serum IS levels and mix it with two prebiotics (inulin and fructooligosaccharide (FOS)) to produce a putative synbiotic and test it in a rat CKD model. Two groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were nephrectomized. One group (Lac) received the mixture for 16 weeks in drinking water and the other no (Nef). A control group (C) included sham-nephrectomized rats. Serum creatinine and IS concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Optical microscopy and two-photon excitation microscopy was used to study kidney and heart samples. The Lac group, which received the synbiotic, reduced IS by 0.8% while the Nef group increased it by 38.8%. Histological analysis of kidneys showed that the Lac group increased fibrotic areas by 12% and the Nef group did it by 25%. The synbiotic did not reduce cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, the putative synbiotic showed that function reducing IS and the progression of CKD in a rat model, but no heart protection was observed.
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Kleniewska, Paulina, Arkadiusz Hoffmann, Ewa Pniewska, and Rafał Pawliczak. "The Influence of ProbioticLactobacillus caseiin Combination with Prebiotic Inulin on the Antioxidant Capacity of Human Plasma." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1340903.
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The aim of the present study was to assess whether probiotic bacteriaLactobacillus casei(4 × 108 CFU) influences the antioxidant properties of human plasma when combined with prebiotic Inulin (400 mg). Experiments were carried out on healthy volunteers (n=32). Volunteers were divided according to sex (16 male and 16 female) and randomly assigned to synbiotic and control groups. Blood samples were collected before synbiotic supplementation and after 7 weeks, at the end of the study. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in human plasma were examined. The administration of synbiotics containingL. caseiplus Inulin resulted in a significant increase in FRAP values (p=0.00008) and CAT activity (p=0.02) and an insignificant increase in SOD and GPx activity compared to controls. Synbiotics containingL. casei(4 × 108 CFU) with prebiotic Inulin (400 mg) may have a positive influence on human plasma antioxidant capacity and the activity of selected antioxidant enzymes.
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Skrzydło-Radomańska, Barbara, Beata Prozorow-Król, Halina Cichoż-Lach, Emilia Majsiak, Joanna B. Bierła, Wojciech Kosikowski, Mariusz Szczerbiński, Jesper Gantzel, and Bożena Cukrowska. "The Effectiveness of Synbiotic Preparation Containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Probiotic Strains and Short Chain Fructooligosaccharides in Patients with Diarrhea Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome—A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study." Nutrients 12, no. 7 (July 5, 2020): 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12071999.
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The purpose of the randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was to assess the effectiveness of synbiotic preparation containing probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus FloraActive™ 19070-2, Lactobacillus acidophilus DSMZ 32418, Bifidobacterium lactis DSMZ 32269, Bifidobacterium longum DSMZ 32946, Bifidobacterium bifidum DSMZ 32403 and fructooligosaccharides in adult patients with diarrhea-dominant IBS (IBS-D). The study included eighty patients with moderate and severe IBS-D who were randomized to receive synbiotics or placebo for eight weeks. Finally, a total of sixty-eight patients finished the study. The primary endpoints included the assessment of the symptoms’ severity with IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS), an improvement of IBS global symptoms with Global Improvement Scale (IBS-GIS) and adequate relief of symptoms after four and eight weeks of therapy. Secondary endpoints, which were collected by telephone interviewers three times a week included the assessment of individual IBS symptoms and adverse events. Synbiotic treatment in comparison to placebo significantly improved IBS-GIS (p = 0.043), and IBS-SSS score inducing a decrease in the total IBS-SSS (p = 0.042) and in domain-specific scores related to flatulence (p = 0.028) and bowel habit (p = 0.028) after four and eight weeks. Patients treated with synbiotics reported in weekly observations a significant amelioration in a feeling of incomplete bowel movements, flatulence, pain, stool pressure and diarrheal stools compared to those receiving placebo. There were no differences in adverse events between both groups. Concluding, the multi-strain synbiotic preparation was associated with a significant improvement in symptoms in IBS-D patients and was well-tolerated. These results suggest that the use of synbiotics offers a benefit for IBS-D patients. [Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04206410 registered 20 December 2019].
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Pasinetti, Giulio. "Sensitization to Chronic Stress-Induced Depression and Anxiety Modulated by Gut-Brain-Axis Immunity." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab054_029.
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Abstract Objectives Chronic stress manifests as depressive- and anxiety-like impairments while recurrent stress elicits disproportionate psychiatric responses linked to stress-induced immunological priming. The microbiota-gut-brain-axis is a promising therapeutic target for stress-induced behavioral impairment as it simultaneous alters the immunological landscape of the periphery and brain by modulating innate and adaptive immune cells’ activity at barrier sites. Methods Immunophenotyping of the ileum, spleen and PBMCs verified that the synbiotic's impact on ileal barrier immunity, and not inflammatory or microglial activation in limbic brain regions, best associated to stress- and synbiotic-induced behavioral responses via the microbiota-ILC3-Treg axis. A multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) analysis predicted that immune responses in the brain and periphery create a cross-tissue biological signature of stress-induced behavior. Ileal and splenic IL-1 and IL-6 release and the ileal Treg/Th17 cell ratio associated to limbic chemotactic chemokine and prefrontal cortex IL-1 release, which associated to behavioral deficits. Results In this study, a combination of probiotics and prebiotics (i.e., synbiotic) promoted behavioral resilience to chronic and recurrent stress by promoting regulatory T cell (Treg) activation and reducing the T helper (Th)17 to Treg ratio by modulating ileal innate lymphoid cell (ILC)3 activity. Synbiotics also normalized gut microbiome diversity and composition in response to stress while interactions of the genera Lactobacillus with Faecalibaculum, Blautia or Bifidobacterium spp. best associated to depressive-like behavior during the stress protocol. Conclusions This analysis shows how resilience to stress-induced behavioral impairment depends on the gut-brain-axis and that synbiotics indiscriminately attenuate peripheral- and neuro-inflammation associated with chronic and recurrent stress-induced depression and anxiety. Funding Sources Grant AT008661 from the NIH's ODS and the NCCIH.
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Lesmanawati, Wida, Widanarni, and Sukenda. "Aplikasi Sinbiotik Untuk Meningkatkan Performa Pertumbuhan Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei)." Jurnal Sains Terapan 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jstsv.6.1.83-93.
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Synbiotic application shows better results compared to the single use of probiotics or prebiotics. SKT-b bacteria have been shown to act as probiotics for aquatic animals, as well as sweet potatoes that are known to act as prebiotics. This study aims to examine the synbiotic potential of SKT-b probiotic bacteria and oligosaccharide extract from sweet potato in improving the growth performance of vaname shrimp. Shrimp were treated with synbiotic feed with different prebiotic concentrations of 1% (Pro + Pre 1%), 2% (Pro + Pre 2%) and 3% (Pro + Pre 3%). The treated food was given to shrimp (weight ± 1.9 g) for 30 days. Oligosaccharides extracted from sweet potato can act as a prebiotic which increases the bacterial population in vaname shrimp’s intestine. The application of synbiotics can improve the growth performance of vaname shrimp including the addition of body weight, feed efficiency, digestive enzyme activity, protein retention and body fat of shrimp. The treatment of Pro + Pre 2% and Pro + Pre 3% shows better growth performance of vaname shrimp.
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Mato (Gheorghiță), Mihaela, Grațiela Grădişteanu Pîrcălăbioru, and Dragoș V. Teodoru. "THE INFLUENCE OF SYNBIOTICS ON PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUKOCYTE OXIDATIVE BURST IN PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC DISEASES." Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology 80, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.03.03.
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Modulation of the gut microbiota with probiotics, living microorganisms with immunomodulatory effects, or prebiotics, nondigestible food ingredients that promote the growth and/or activity of beneficial microorganisms or a combination of both (synbiotics) may enable a new way of prevention or treatment for allergic disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the ROS release from the peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with type I hypersensitivity reactions. To this end, we evaluated the basophil degranulation in the presence of specific allergens and analysed the influence of a synbiotic on neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The tested synbiotic, directly or in combination with E. coli, decreased the ROS production in peripheral blood neutrophils of allergic patients. Taking into account that intensive ROS release is responsible for various damages of cells and tissues, the decrease of the oxidative stress induced by the tested synbiotic may have an essential role for cell protection and viability. Therefore, therapeutic interventions that enhance endogenous antioxidant defenses might be beneficial as adjunctive therapies for allergic disorders.
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Bardosono, Saptawati, and Dian Novita Chandra. "Benefit of synbiotic intervention in Caesarean section born infants and children: A nutritional perspective." World Nutrition Journal 4, no. 1-2 (October 1, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25220/wnj.v04.s2.0006.
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The benefit to have infants being delivered physiologically through vagina is amongst others to get maternal microbes transmission that will affect host immunity and metabolic development. However this mode of delivery is not always the choice to infants for several reasons. Therefore, it raises questions whether there is a need to give specific intervention to the caesarean section (C-section) born infants and children for their optimal growth and development, i.e. provision of nutrients with or without pre-, pro- or synbiotics. Nutritional intervention is certainly important to support growth and development of all children, especially those born by C-section. However, in addition, to anticipate perturbation in the gut microbiota there is a need to prepare the C-section born infant through translocation from the mother’s intestinal microbiota, early initiation of breastfeeding and/or synbiotic supplementation formula. The superiority of synbiotic compare to prebiotic or probiotic alone is that synbiotic thought to have synergistic beneficial effects on the immune and metabolic systems in which it compensates the delayed Bifidobacterium colonization in C-section delivered infants and modulates the production of acetate and the acidification of the gut. However we still need to find consistent evidence & recommendation in the world on synbiotic for children in general and specifically for the C-section born infant & children that may have an impact on healthy young children’s gut microbiota.
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Miao, Chenyun, Qingge Guo, Xiaojie Fang, Yun Chen, Ying Zhao, and Qin Zhang. "Effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 7 (July 2021): 030006052110317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211031758.
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Objective This meta-analysis evaluated the effect of probiotics and synbiotics on insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods A systematic search was performed to identify all relevant publications listed on the electronic databases (PubMed®, Web of Science, Embase® and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) between inception and 30 October 2020. All statistical analyses were performed on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using RevMan version 5.3 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. Results A total of 486 patients from seven RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation appeared to improve levels of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (mean difference = –0.37; 95% confidence interval –0.69, –0.05) and serum insulin (standardized mean difference = –0.66; 95% confidence interval –1.19, –0.12). The results failed to show any influence of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference and fasting blood sugar. Conclusions Probiotics and synbiotics appear to have a partially beneficial effect on indices of insulin resistance in patients with PCOS.
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Mangisah, I., and N. Suthama. "The effect of synbiotic through feed and drinking water on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Tegal duck." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 951, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012017.
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Abstract Synbiotics are a combination of probiotics and prebiotics that have a positive effect on livestock performance. The method of giving synbiotics as a growth supplement needs to be studied to get the best results. This study aimed to investigate the effect of administering synbiotic (a mixture of Lactobacillus casei and porang tuber extracts (LCPE) in water or as feed supplement on performance and nutrient digestibility of Tegal duck. The research used a total number of 240-day old ducks with an average body weight of 47.84 ± 6.32 g. The ducks were weighed and distributed into 24 groups. Two experiments (I and II) were carried out simultaneously in the same cage and time. Each experiment used 120 ducks. Ducks were adapted from the age of 1 to 14 days. Parameter data were measure in ducks aged 15 to 42 days. Trial I included 3 groups of dietary synbiotic (0, 10, 20 ml/kg) through feed, while In trial II, the ducks were fed synbiotics (0; 10; 20 ml/L) through water drinking for four weeks. The observed variables included growth performance and nutrient digestibility. The mixture of Lactobacillus casei and glucomannan from porang tuber extract improved nutrient digestibility and duck performance. The best performance and nutrient digestibility is LCPE 20 ml/L drinking water.
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Dewi, Made Ratna, Yati Soenarto, and I. Putu Gede Karyana. "Efficacy of synbiotic treatment in children with acute rotavirus diarrhea." Paediatrica Indonesiana 55, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi55.2.2015.74-8.
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Background Diarrhea is one of the major causes of morbidityand mortality in children throughout the world, mostly due torotavirus infection. In daily practice, we routinely use the WorldHealth Organization Five steps for managing acute diarrhea.Thispractice has shown great success in diarrhea management, butconcerns remain on reducing the duration of diarrhea to preventcomplications. Synbiotics can reduce the severity of diarrhea.However, there has been limited data on synbiotic therapy fortreating acute rotavirus diarrhea in children.Objective To compare the durations of acute rotavirus diarrheatreated with synbiotics vs. placebo.Methods This study was a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial,performed at the Pediatric Gastrohepatology Division, Sanglahand Wangaya Hospitals in Denpasar. Subjects were children aged6 to 59 months with acute rotavirus diarrhea. Rotavirus wasdiagnosed by immune chromatography assay. The synbiotic groupreceived probiotic comprised of Lactobacillus sp., Streptococcus sp.,Bifidobacterium sp. (total viable count 1.00x109 CFU per dose), andprebiotic consisted of 990.00 mg fructooligosacharide (FOS). Theplacebo consisted of lactose monohydrate packaged similarly as thesynbiotics. Subjects orally ingested 1 pack per day for 5 days.Results Seventy children with acute rotavirus diarrhea wasinvolved in this study. The median duration of diarrhea in thesynbiotic group was 50.0 (SE 1.1); 95%CI 47.9 to 52.1 hours, whilethat of the placebo group was 63.0 (SE 5.9); 95%CI 51.4 to 74.6hours. Based on Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the duration ofdiarrhea in the synbiotic group was significantly shorter than thatof the placebo group (log-rank test P <0.0001).Conclusion In children with acute rotaviral diarrhea, synbioticreduces the duration of diarrhea compared to placebo.
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Тарасюк, А. В., and С. В. Коньков. "Synbiotic in Comprehensive Treatment Critically Ill Patients." Рецепт, no. 6 (December 14, 2022): 857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2022.25.6.002.
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Цель. Изучить клинический эффект использования синбиотиков в комплексной терапии пациентов с инфекцией COVID-19, получавших антибактериальную терапию. Материалы и методы. Проспективное рандомизированное исследование проводилось на базе ОАРИТ ГУЗ «ГГКБСМП» (Гомель, Беларусь). В исследование включены 78 пациентов с инфекцией COVID-19, получавших антибактериальную терапию на догоспитальном этапе. В первой группе пациентов (опытной) в комплексное лечение были добавлены синбиотики, вторая группа пациентов (контрольная) получала такое же лечение без использования синбиотиков. Результаты. Продемонстрирована роль синбиотиков в качестве надежного компонента комплексного лечения пациентов с инфекцией COVID-19 для профилактики и лечения дисбиоза (за исключением тяжелых форм). Заключение. Полученные результаты указывают на необходимость включения синбиотиков в комплексное лечение пациентов с инфекцией COVID-19, получающих антибактериальную терапию. Purpose. Evaluate clinical effect of synbiotic in comprehensive treatment critically ill COVID-19 patients who received antibacterial therapy. Materials and methods. We performed single prospective randomized controlled trial in Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, State Healthcare Institution Gomel Emergency Hospital Gomel, Republic of Belarus. 78 COVID-19 patients who were given antibiotics in pre-hospital care were examined. All patients were divided into two groups that compared enteral synbiotics to no enteral synbiotics in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Synbiotics were administered for first group (study group) of patients. Second group (control group) of patients was treated without synbiotics. Results. The role of synbiotics as reliable component comprehensive treatment COVID-19 patients who received antibiotics has been demonstrated; with the exception of severe forms of dysbiosis. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the need to include synbiotics in the comprehensive treatment of patients with COVID-19 infection receiving antibacterial therapy.
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Alli, Sauliha R., Ilona Gorbovskaya, Jonathan C. W. Liu, Nathan J. Kolla, Lisa Brown, and Daniel J. Müller. "The Gut Microbiome in Depression and Potential Benefit of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Synbiotics: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Observational Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (April 19, 2022): 4494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094494.
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An emerging body of literature demonstrates differences in the gut microbiome (GMB) of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to healthy controls (HC), as well as the potential benefits of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic treatment. We conducted a systematic review of 24 observational studies (n = 2817), and 19 interventional trials (n = 1119). We assessed alpha diversity, beta diversity, and taxa abundance changes in patients with MDD relative to HC, as well as the effect of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on depressive symptoms in individuals with clinical or subclinical depression. We observed no significant differences in alpha diversity but a significant difference in beta diversity between patients with MDD and HC. There were fluctuations in the abundance of specific taxa in patients with MDD relative to HC. Probiotic and synbiotic, but not prebiotic, treatment showed a modest benefit in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with MDD over four to nine weeks. The GMB profiles of patients with MDD differ significantly from HC, but further studies are needed to elucidate the benefits of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic treatments relative to antidepressants and over longer follow-up before these therapies are implemented into clinical practice.
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Salsabila, Dhea Marliana, Taufik Maryusman, and Iin Fatmawati. "PENGARUH SINBIOTIK KEFIR TEPUNG PISANG BATU (Musa balbisiana) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS SINDROM METABOLIK." Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v7i1.3730.
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Metabolic syndrome begins with insulin resistance characterized by hyperglycemia. Synbiotic kefir banana (Musa balbisiana Colla) flour reduces blood glucose level. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of synbiotic kefir banana (M. balbisiana) flour on blood glucose level of metabolic syndrome rats. This study used 24 Sprague Dawley.rats which were divided into four groups, i.e. negative control was given standard diet, positive control was given high fat fructose diet (HFFD), treatment I (PI) and treatment II (PII) were given HFFD and synbiotic kefir banana (M. balbisiana) flour 1.8 mL 200 g־¹ rat BW per day (PI) and 3.6 mL 200 g־¹ rat BW per day (PII), respectively, for three weeks. The result showed a significant difference (p=0.000) in blood glucose after giving synbiotic kefir banana (M. balbisiana) flour. Synbiotic kefir banana (M. balbisiana) flour reduced blood glucose level in metabolic syndrome rats.Keywords: banana flour, blood glucose level, kefir, metabolic syndrome, synbiotic ABSTRAKSindrom metabolik diawali resistensi insulin yang ditandai hiperglikemia. Sinbiotik kefir tepung pisang batu (M. balbisiana) menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sinbiotik kefir tepung pisang batu (M. balbisiana) terhadap kadar glukosa darah tikus sindrom metabolik. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 tikus Sprague Dawley yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif yang diberi pakan standar, kontrol positif yang diberi high fat fructose diet (HFFD), dan perlakuan I (PI) serta perlakuan II (PII) yang masing-masing diberi HFFD dan sinbiotik kefir tepung pisang batu (M. balbisiana) 1,8 mL 200 g־¹ BB tikus per hari (PI) dan 3,6 mL 200 g־¹ BB tikus per hari (PII) selama tiga minggu. Hasil menunjukkan perbedaan kadar glukosa darah setelah pemberian sinbiotik kefir tepung pisang batu (M. balbisiana) secara signifikan (p=0,000). Sinbiotik kefir tepung pisang batu (M. balbisiana) menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus sindrom metabolik.
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Wierzbicka, Adrianna, Dorota Mańkowska-Wierzbicka, Marcin Mardas, and Marta Stelmach-Mardas. "Role of Probiotics in Modulating Human Gut Microbiota Populations and Activities in Patients with Colorectal Cancer—A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041160.
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Background: Growing attention has been given to the role of nutrition and alterations of microbial diversity of the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. It has been suggested that probiotics and synbiotics modulate enteric microbiota and therefore may be used as an intervention to reduce the risk of CRC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of probiotics/synbiotics administration on gut microbiota in patients with CRC. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched between December 2020 and January 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) recruiting adults with CRC, who have taken probiotics/synbiotics for at least 6 days were included. Changes in gut microbiota and selected biochemical and inflammatory parameters (i.e., hsCRP, IL-2, hemoglobin) were retrieved. Results: The search resulted in 198 original research articles and a final 6 were selected as being eligible, including 457 subjects. The median age of patients was 65.4 years old and they were characterized by the median BMI value: 23.8 kg/m2. The literature search revealed that probiotic/synbiotic administration improved enteric microbiota by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Bacillus and Bifidobacterium, and decreased the abundance of potentially harmful bacteria such as Fusobacterium, Porhyromonas, Pseudomonas and Enterococcus. Additionally, probiotic/synbiotic intervention improved release of antimicrobials, intestinal permeability, tight junction function in CRC patients. Conclusions: The use of probiotics/synbiotics positively modulates enteric microbiota, improves postoperative outcomes, gut barrier function and reduces inflammatory parameters in patients suffering from CRC.
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Chaluvadi, S., A. T. Hotchkiss Jr., J. E. Call, J. B. Luchansky, J. G. Phillips, LS Liu, and K. L. Yam. "Protection of probiotic bacteria in a synbiotic matrix following aerobic storage at 4 °C." Beneficial Microbes 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2012.0005.
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The survival of single strains of Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus reuteri was investigated in synbiotics that included 10 mg/ml of fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin and pectic-oligosaccharides in an alginate matrix under refrigerated (4 °C) aerobic storage conditions. When the matrices were cross-linked with calcium (45 mM), 102-103 cfu/ml of L. acidophilus and L. reuteri, and 0-103 cfu/ml of B. breve and B. longum survived refrigerated aerobic storage for 28 days. Following refrigerated storage, acetic (3-9 mM), butyric (0-2 mM), propionic (5-16 mM) and lactic acids (1-48 mM) were produced during the growth of probiotics in BHI broth at 37 °C, suggesting their metabolic activity after storage was stressed. When calcium cross-linking was not used in synbiotics, the matrix remained more gel-like after inoculation when compared to the calcium cross-linked matrix. At least 107 cfu/ml of probiotic bacteria survived after 21 days of storage within these gel-like alginate matrices. Significantly higher levels of B. breve, L. acidophilus and L. reuteri were obtained from the synbiotic matrices supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin and pectic-oligosaccharides compared to alginate alone. B. longum survival was the same (~7 logs) in all gel-like synbiotic matrices. These results show that synbiotics protected probiotic bacteria and extended their shelf-life under refrigerated aerobic conditions. Synbiotics represent a viable delivery vehicle for health-promoting bacteria.
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Tang, Gang, Wang Huang, Jie Tao, and Zhengqiang Wei. "Prophylactic effects of probiotics or synbiotics on postoperative ileus after gastrointestinal cancer surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): e0264759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264759.
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Background Postoperative ileus is a major problem following gastrointestinal cancers surgery, several randomized controlled trials have been conducted investigating the use of probiotics or synbiotics to reduce postoperative ileus, but their findings are controversial. Objective We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effect of probiotics or synbiotics on early postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Methods The Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of probiotics or synbiotics on postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function as of April 27, 2021. Outcomes included the time to first flatus, time to first defecation, days to first solid diet, days to first fluid diet, length of postoperative hospital stay, incidence of abdominal distension and incidence of postoperative ileus. The results were reported as the mean difference (MD) and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results A total of 21 RCTs, involving 1776 participants, were included. Compared with the control group, probiotic and synbiotic supplementation resulted in a shorter first flatus (MD, -0.53 days), first defecation (MD, -0.78 days), first solid diet (MD, -0.25 days), first fluid diet (MD, -0.29 days) and postoperative hospital stay (MD, -1.43 days). Furthermore, Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation reduced the incidence of abdominal distension (RR, 0.62) and incidence of postoperative ileus (RR, 0.47). Conclusion Perioperative supplementation of probiotics or synbiotics can effectively promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function after gastrointestinal cancer surgery.
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Leite, P. R. S. C., H. B. Oliveira, V. B. L. Souza, F. O. Rocha, and T. H. Oliveira. "Probiotic and synbiotic in broiler diet: performance and Enterobacteriaceae." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 72, no. 6 (December 2020): 2365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12035.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotics and synbiotics on the performance and Enterobacteriaceae count of broiler chickens. A total of 640 one-day-old male broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight replicates with 20 birds each. The treatments were: ration with performance enhancer (zinc bacitracin; positive control); ration without performance enhancer and probiotic/synbiotic (negative control); ration with probiotics; and ration with synbiotics. At 35 days, five birds from each treatment were euthanized and intestinal contents were harvested for determining the Enterobacteriaceae count. The performance data and average colony-forming units (CFUs) transformed as log CFU/g were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. The effects of probiotics and synbiotics were observed in the initial phase, with supplemented birds exhibiting comparable weight gain to those supplemented with bacitracin. No effect of the treatment on broiler performance was observed after 42 days. The enterobacterial count was comparable among all experimental treatments. Supplementation with probiotics and synbiotics did not compromise the performance of broilers and did not alter the Enterobacteriaceae count.
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Hedayati Ch, Mojtaba, Mahmood Abedinzade, Zahra Bostani khalesi, Behrooz Khakpour Taleghani, Seiyedeh Narjes Naseran, and Tahere Pourmirzaee. "Effect of Synbiotics on Lipid Profile and Serum Levels of Gonadotropins, Insulin and Glucose in Rats with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Induced by Lipopolysaccharide." Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences 31, no. 01 (April 1, 2022): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jgums.31.1.1737.1.
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Background: In women of childbearing age, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder. The cause of PCOS is still unknown and several factors may be involved. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of synbiotics on serum parameters such as Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, and insulin in rats with PCOS. Methods: In this study, 40 adult female Wistar rats weighing approximately 180-200 g were randomly divided into five groups of control, PCOS, PCOS+LPS, PCOS+Synbiotic, PCOS+LPS+Synbiotic. To induce PCOS, rats were treated with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 21 days. At the end, serum levels of LH, FSH, and insulin were measured by the ELISA method, and blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured by the enzymatic method. The results were analyzed in SPSS v. 22 software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Post Hoc test. Results: The levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, glucose, FSH, and LH in the PCOS and PCOS+LPS groups were significantly higher compared to the control group (P<0.05). Treatment with synbiotics in the intervention groups caused a significant reduction in all variables (P<0.05). Conclusion: Synbiotics have beneficial effects on the improvement of lipid profile, gonadotropins, insulin, and glucose levels in PCOS rats induced by LPS.
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Wawryk-Gawda, Ewelina, Ewa Markut-Miotła, and Andrzej Emeryk. "Postnatal probiotics administration does not prevent asthma in children, but using prebiotics or synbiotics may be effective potential strategies to decrease the frequency of asthma in high-risk children – a meta-analysis of clinical trials." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 49, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v49i4.69.
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Background: The role of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in preventing asthma and other allergic diseases has been widely explored via many randomized controlled trials. However, the results on the effect of their supplementation during infancy to the incidence of allergic rhinitis or asthma, are conflicting.The study was designed to bring to light the potential effects of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics supplementation in early childhood with regard to the future occurrence of allergic diseases.Method: The results of randomized controlled trials were searched for in several medical data bases. The study protocol was prepared in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and applied a Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Two writers were designed to perform studies selection.Results: Eleven randomized controlled trials, among 1659 children (525 in the probiotic group, 342 in prebiotic group, 128 in synbiotic group and 833 in control groups) were analyzed. There was no difference in asthma risk development between the groups that received probiotics or placebo. We observed lower risk of asthma in children receiving prebiotic and synbiotic than in control groups.Conclusion: The current study indicates that probiotics supplementation in the first months after birth does not decrease the risk of asthma development in the first years of life in high-risk children, although prebiotics and synbiotics may be the potential preventive factors that reduce the incidence of asthma in children.
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G., Sasikala, Malar Sivaraman, Trayambak Dutta, and Dhanasekar K. R. "Comparative prospective randomized open label trial of synbiotic (bifilac) as an add on therapy with standard treatment in patients with aphthous ulcer." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 5 (April 23, 2018): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20181628.
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Background: To trial the safety, efficacy and rapidity of response to a lozenges containing synbiotic in patients with minor aphthous ulcer.Methods: A total of 60 patients were enrolled for the trial after obtaining IEC approval and randomly allocated into two groups. Control “Group A” was administered with conventional treatment i.e., zytee and B complex for 2 weeks and trial “Group B” was administered with Bifilac along with conventional treatment for 2 weeks. The results of this trial were analyzed both subjectively and objectively.Results: Comparing with control group, where standard treatment was used with analgesics and B-complex, the trial group showed a quick relief of pain and helped in reducing mean size of ulcer.Conclusions: This trial was done with synbiotic lozenges in minor aphthous ulcers and it proved to be better alternative for them. Moreover, synbiotics have no adverse effects.