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Journal articles on the topic 'Synchrony Hypothesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

von Schantz, Torbjörn, Debora Arlt, Staffan Bensch, Dennis Hasselquist, and Bengt Hansson. "Breeding synchrony does not affect extra-pair paternity in great reed warblers." Behaviour 141, no. 7 (2004): 863–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539042265699.

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AbstractBreeding synchrony is hypothesised to influence the occurrence and frequency of extra-pair fertilisations (EPFs) in birds irrespective of the social mating system. The two proposed hypotheses make opposite predictions. (1) Synchronous breeding leads to a lower frequency of EPFs because males face a trade-off between mate guarding and obtaining additional matings via extra-pair copulations (EPCs) ('guarding constraint' hypothesis). (2) Synchronous breeding promotes EPFs because females are able to compare displaying males simultaneously, which provides them with more reliable cues for e

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Koenig, Walter D., Johannes M. H. Knops, William J. Carmen, and Ian S. Pearse. "What drives masting? The phenological synchrony hypothesis." Ecology 96, no. 1 (January 2015): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/14-0819.1.

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3

Krebs, Charles J., Alice J. Kenney, Scott Gilbert, Kjell Danell, Anders Angerbjörn, Sam Erlinge, Robert G. Bromley, Chris Shank, and Suzanne Carriere. "Synchrony in lemming and vole populations in the Canadian Arctic." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 1323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-120.

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Population fluctuations may occur in synchrony among several rodent species at a given site, and they may occur in synchrony over large geographical areas. We summarize information on synchrony in lemmings and voles from the Canadian Arctic for the past 20 years. The most detailed available information is from the central Canadian Arctic, where snap-trap samples have been taken annually at several sites for periods of up to 15 years. Geographical synchrony in the same species among different sites was strong, especially for the central and eastern Canadian Arctic. Synchrony among different spe

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4

Castelhano, João, Inês Bernardino, José Rebola, Eugenio Rodriguez, and Miguel Castelo-Branco. "Oscillations or Synchrony? Disruption of Neural Synchrony despite Enhanced Gamma Oscillations in a Model of Disrupted Perceptual Coherence." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 12 (December 2015): 2416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00863.

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It has been hypothesized that neural synchrony underlies perceptual coherence. The hypothesis of loss of central perceptual coherence has been proposed to be at the origin of abnormal cognition in autism spectrum disorders and Williams syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder linked with autism, and a clearcut model for impaired central coherence. We took advantage of this model of impaired holistic processing to test the hypothesis that loss of neural synchrony plays a separable role in visual integration using EEG and a set of experimental tasks requiring coherent integration of local element

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Domingues, W. M., L. M. Bini, and A. A. Agostinho. "Spatial synchrony of a highly endemic fish Assemblage (Segredo Reservoir, Iguaçu River, Paraná State, Brazil)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 65, no. 3 (August 2005): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842005000300009.

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In this study, patterns of spatial synchrony in population fluctuations (cross-correlation) of an endemic fish assemblage of a Neotropical reservoir (Segredo Reservoir, Iguaçu River, Paraná State, Brazil) were reported. First, the level of population synchrony for 20 species was estimated. Second, population synchrony was correlated, using the Mantel test, with geographical distances among sites (n = 11) and also environmental synchrony (temperature). Nine species presented significant correlations between spatial synchrony and geographic distances (Astyanax sp. b, Astyanax sp. c, Pimelodus sp

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Costa, Gabriel Nascimento, João Valente Duarte, Ricardo Martins, Michael Wibral, and Miguel Castelo-Branco. "Interhemispheric Binding of Ambiguous Visual Motion Is Associated with Changes in Beta Oscillatory Activity but Not with Gamma Range Synchrony." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, no. 11 (November 2017): 1829–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01158.

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In vision, perceptual features are processed in several regions distributed across the brain. Yet, the brain achieves a coherent perception of visual scenes and objects through integration of these features, which are encoded in spatially segregated brain areas. How the brain seamlessly achieves this accurate integration is currently unknown and is referred to as the “binding problem.” Among the proposed mechanisms meant to resolve the binding problem, the binding-by-synchrony hypothesis proposes that binding is carried out by the synchronization of distant neuronal assemblies. This study aime

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Swindale, Nicholas V. "Neural Synchrony, Axonal Path Lengths, and General Anesthesia: A Hypothesis." Neuroscientist 9, no. 6 (December 2003): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858403259258.

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Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio, Paul J. Johnson, and David W. MacDonald. "A Hypothesis for Breeding Synchrony in Ethiopian Wolves (Canis simensis)." Journal of Mammalogy 79, no. 3 (August 1998): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1383093.

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9

Schenkeveld, L. E., and R. C. Ydenberg. "Synchronous diving by surf scoter flocks." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 2516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-372.

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We studied the diving and surfacing synchrony of foraging flocks of wintering surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata). Our data support the hypothesis that synchronous diving is an adaptation that reduces kleptoparasitism by glaucous-winged gulls (Larus glaucescens), which frequently attend foraging flocks. We developed a statistical method for measuring and comparing synchrony between flocks, and applied it to videotape records of 30 flocks. The results show that diving and surfacing are highly synchronous, and that there is a large variation between flocks in the degree of synchrony exhibited

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10

Ellis, Lisa A., John D. Styrsky, Robert C. Dobbs, and Charles F. Thompson. "Female Condition: A Predictor of Hatching Synchrony in the House Wren?" Condor 103, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.3.587.

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Abstract The degree of hatching synchrony in clutches of passerine birds frequently varies among species and among individuals of the same species. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain why some eggs hatch several days after others in a clutch. We tested one of these hypotheses, the energetic-constraints hypothesis, which proposes that females in poor physical condition postpone initiating incubation and hatch their clutches synchronously, whereas females in good condition begin incubation early and hatch their clutches asynchronously. We tested the hypothesis using the House Wren (Tro

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11

Hamel, Lauren M., Robert Moulder, Susan Eggly, Terrance Lynn Albrecht, Steven Boker, David W. Dougherty, and Louis Penner. "Comparing nonconscious nonverbal synchrony in racially concordant and racially discordant oncology interactions." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.169.

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169 Background: Communication in racially discordant (Black patient, non-Black physician) oncology interactions, which constitute about 80% of Black patients’ interactions, is generally poorer than in racially concordant interactions, and likely contributes to treatment disparities. However, the nonverbal behaviors that contribute to this problem are largely unknown. We examined nonverbal synchrony, or the nonconscious coordination of movement, which can reflect relationship quality. We hypothesized that racially discordant interactions will have lower levels of nonverbal synchrony. Methods: D

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Hamel, Lauren M., Robert Moulder, Susan Eggly, Terrance Lynn Albrecht, Steven Boker, David W. Dougherty, and Louis Penner. "Comparing nonverbal synchrony in racially concordant and racially discordant oncology interactions." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 11525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.11525.

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11525 Background: Communication in racially discordant (Black patient, non-Black physician) oncology interactions, which constitute about 80% of Black patients’ interactions, is generally poorer than in racially concordant interactions, and likely contributes to treatment disparities. However, the nonverbal behaviors that contribute to this problem are largely unknown. We examined nonverbal synchrony, or the nonconscious coordination of movement, which can reflect relationship quality. We hypothesized that racially discordant interactions will have lower levels of nonverbal synchrony. Methods:

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13

Post, Eric, Pernille Sporon Bøving, Christian Pedersen, and Megan A. MacArthur. "Synchrony between caribou calving and plant phenology in depredated and non-depredated populations." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 1709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-172.

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Two main hypotheses have been proposed to explain reproductive synchrony exhibited by many species of large herbivores: the predation hypothesis and the seasonality hypothesis. Although examples supporting both hypotheses have been presented, no study has compared the intraseasonal progression of parturition and plant phenology in depredated and non-depredated populations of large herbivores. We monitored, on a daily or near-daily basis, the progression of the caribou (Rangifer tarandus) calving seasons in two populations: the Caribou River population in Alaska, U.S.A., where predators of cari

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14

Jones, Dylan M. "Disruption of Memory for Lip-Read Lists by Irrelevant Speech: Further Support for the Changing State Hypothesis." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 47, no. 1 (February 1994): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749408401147.

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Two experiments critically re-examine the finding of Campbell and Dodd (1984, Experiment 2), which suggests that irrelevant speech disrupts the encoding of visual material for serial recall. Support is sought for the competing view that the effect of irrelevant speech is on storage by comparing the effect of a range of acoustic conditions on memory for graphic and lip-read lists. Initially, serial short-term recall of visually presented lists was examined with irrelevant speech that was both asynchronous with the visually presented items and of varied speech content (Experiment 1a). In this ex

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15

Lindsey, B. G., K. F. Morris, R. Shannon, and G. L. Gerstein. "Repeated Patterns of Distributed Synchrony in Neuronal Assemblies." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 1714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.3.1714.

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Lindsey, B. G., K. F. Morris, R. Shannon, and G. L. Gerstein. Repeated patterns of distributed synchrony in neuronal assemblies. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1714–1719, 1997. Models of brain function predict that the recurrence of a process or state will be reflected in repeated patterns of correlated activity. Previous work on medullary raphe assembly dynamics revealed transient changes inimpulse synchrony. This study tested the hypothesis that these variations in synchrony include distributed nonrandom patterns of association. Spike trains were recorded simultaneously in the ventrolateral medulla, n

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Pratt, Maayan, Magi Singer, Yaniv Kanat-Maymon, and Ruth Feldman. "Infant negative reactivity defines the effects of parent–child synchrony on physiological and behavioral regulation of social stress." Development and Psychopathology 27, no. 4pt1 (October 6, 2015): 1191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579415000760.

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AbstractHow infants shape their own development has puzzled developmentalists for decades. Recent models suggest that infant dispositions, particularly negative reactivity and regulation, affect outcome by determining the extent of parental effects. Here, we used a microanalytic experimental approach and proposed that infants with varying levels of negative reactivity will be differentially impacted by parent–infant synchrony in predicting physiological and behavioral regulation of increasing social stress during an experimental paradigm. One hundred and twenty-two mother–infant dyads (4–6 mon

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Grant, Valerie J., and Lawrence W. Chamley. "Can mammalian mothers influence the sex of their offspring peri-conceptually?" REPRODUCTION 140, no. 3 (September 2010): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-10-0137.

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Although controversial, growing evidence from evolutionary biology suggests that the mammalian mother may have a role in influencing the sex of her offspring. However, there is competing information on the molecular mechanisms by which such influence could be manifested. The new initiatives are based on hypotheses from evolutionary biology: the ‘good condition’ hypothesis, which suggests that post conception, higher levels of maternal glucose may differentially promote the development of male embryos; and the ‘maternal dominance’ hypothesis, which proposes that before conception, higher follic

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18

Berger, Joel. "Facilitation of Reproductive Synchrony by Gestation Adjustment in Gregarious Mammals: A New Hypothesis." Ecology 73, no. 1 (February 1992): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1938743.

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19

Lotto, Andrew J., and Keith R. Kluender. "Synchrony capture hypothesis fails to account for effects of amplitude on voicing perception." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111, no. 2 (February 2002): 1056–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1433809.

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20

Preisig, Basil C., Lars Riecke, Matthias J. Sjerps, Anne Kösem, Benjamin R. Kop, Bob Bramson, Peter Hagoort, and Alexis Hervais-Adelman. "Selective modulation of interhemispheric connectivity by transcranial alternating current stimulation influences binaural integration." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 7 (February 10, 2021): e2015488118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015488118.

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Brain connectivity plays a major role in the encoding, transfer, and integration of sensory information. Interregional synchronization of neural oscillations in the γ-frequency band has been suggested as a key mechanism underlying perceptual integration. In a recent study, we found evidence for this hypothesis showing that the modulation of interhemispheric oscillatory synchrony by means of bihemispheric high-density transcranial alternating current stimulation (HD-TACS) affects binaural integration of dichotic acoustic features. Here, we aimed to establish a direct link between oscillatory sy

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Cram, Dominic L., Arne Jungwirth, Helen Spence-Jones, and Tim Clutton-Brock. "Reproductive conflict resolution in cooperative breeders." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 6 (August 29, 2019): 1743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz143.

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Abstract Female infanticide is common in animal societies where groups comprise multiple co-breeding females. To reduce the risk that their offspring are killed, mothers can synchronize breeding and pool offspring, making it hard for females to avoid killing their own young. However, female reproductive conflict does not invariably result in reproductive synchrony, and we lack a general hypothesis explaining the variation in conflict resolution strategies seen across species. Here, we investigate the fitness consequences of birth timing relative to other females and the prevalence of birth syn

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Vidal, Juan R., Maximilien Chaumon, J. Kevin O'Regan, and Catherine Tallon-Baudry. "Visual Grouping and the Focusing of Attention Induce Gamma-band Oscillations at Different Frequencies in Human Magnetoencephalogram Signals." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 11 (November 2006): 1850–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.11.1850.

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Neural oscillatory synchrony could implement grouping processes, act as an attentional filter, or foster the storage of information in short-term memory. Do these findings indicate that oscillatory synchrony is an unspecific epiphenomenon occurring in any demanding task, or that oscillatory synchrony is a fundamental mechanism involved whenever neural cooperation is requested? If the latter hypothesis is true, then oscillatory synchrony should be specific, with distinct visual processes eliciting different types of oscillations. We recorded magnetoencephalogram (MEG) signals while manipulating

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Hickey, Paige, Annie Barnett-Young, Aniruddh D. Patel, and Elizabeth Race. "Environmental rhythms orchestrate neural activity at multiple stages of processing during memory encoding: Evidence from event-related potentials." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): e0234668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234668.

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Accumulating evidence suggests that rhythmic temporal structures in the environment influence memory formation. For example, stimuli that appear in synchrony with the beat of background, environmental rhythms are better remembered than stimuli that appear out-of-synchrony with the beat. This rhythmic modulation of memory has been linked to entrained neural oscillations which are proposed to act as a mechanism of selective attention that prioritize processing of events that coincide with the beat. However, it is currently unclear whether rhythm influences memory formation by influencing early (

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Numata, Shinya, Naoki Kachi, Toshinori Okuda, and N. Manokaran. "Chemical defences of fruits and mast-fruiting of dipterocarps." Journal of Tropical Ecology 15, no. 5 (September 1999): 695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646749900111x.

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Mast-fruiting is the intermittent and synchronous production of large fruits by a population of plants at long intervals (Herrera et al. 1998, Kelly 1994). Several hypotheses have been proposed concerning the adaptive advantages of mast-fruiting (Janzen 1971, 1974; Kelly 1994), and some field observations have provided evidence for these hypotheses (Norton & Kelly 1988, Shibata et al. 1998, Sork 1993). The predator-satiation hypothesis is one well-known explanation for reproductive synchrony in plants and animals (Janzen 1971, 1974; Kelly 1994). This hypothesis claims that mast fruiting at

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Liu, Peter Y., Steven M. Pincus, Daniel M. Keenan, Ferdinand Roelfsema, and Johannes D. Veldhuis. "Joint synchrony of reciprocal hormonal signaling in human paradigms of both ACTH excess and cortisol depletion." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 289, no. 1 (July 2005): E160—E165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00007.2005.

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The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis is a stress-adaptive neuroendocrine ensemble, in which adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) drives cortisol secretion (feedforward) and cortisol restrains ACTH outflow (feedback). Quantifying direction- and pathway-specific adjustments within this and other interlinked systems by noninvasive means remains difficult. The present study tests the hypothesis that forward and reverse cross-approximate entropy (X-ApEn), a lag-, scale-, and model-independent measure of two-signal synchrony, would allow quantifiable discrimination of feedforward (ACTH → cortisol) and feedb

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Bogdziewicz, Michał, Marcos Fernández-Martínez, Raul Bonal, Jordina Belmonte, and Josep Maria Espelta. "The Moran effect and environmental vetoes: phenological synchrony and drought drive seed production in a Mediterranean oak." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1866 (November 2017): 20171784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1784.

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Masting is the highly variable production of synchronized seed crops, and is a common reproductive strategy in plants. Weather has long been recognized as centrally involved in driving seed production in masting plants. However, the theory behind mechanisms connecting weather and seeding variation has only recently been developed, and still lacks empirical evaluation. We used 12-year long seed production data for 255 holm oaks ( Quercus ilex ), as well as airborne pollen and meteorological data, and tested whether masting is driven by environmental constraints: phenological synchrony and assoc

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Descamps, Sébastien. "Breeding synchrony and predator specialization: A test of the predator swamping hypothesis in seabirds." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 3 (January 15, 2019): 1431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4863.

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Maier, Julie AK, and Robert G. White. "Timing and synchrony of activity in caribou." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 1999–2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-137.

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Activity data were analyzed to assess activity patterns of caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti). We hypothesized that equal day and night activity, termed nychthemeral activity, would be expected if food constitutes a limiting resource for a highly gregarious species. To test this hypothesis, we investigated activity patterns of two caribou populations at the same latitude: one captive with no food limitation and the other wild and free-ranging in the Alaska Range in interior Alaska known to be at the end of a 3-year low plane of nutrition. For captive caribou, activity patterns were determined

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Lang, Eric J. "GABAergic and Glutamatergic Modulation of Spontaneous and Motor-Cortex-Evoked Complex Spike Activity." Journal of Neurophysiology 87, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 1993–2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00477.2001.

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Olivocerebellar activity is organized such that synchronous complex spikes occur primarily among Purkinje cells located within the same parasagittally oriented strip of cortex. Previous findings have shown that this synchrony distribution is modulated by the release of GABA and glutamate within the inferior olive, which probably act by controlling the efficacy of the electrotonic coupling between olivary neurons. The relative strengths of these two neurotransmitters in modulating the patterns of synchrony were compared by obtaining multiple electrode recordings of spontaneous crus 2a complex s

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Wang, Xin, Daniel M. Keenan, Steven M. Pincus, Peter Y. Liu, and Johannes D. Veldhuis. "Oscillations in joint synchrony of reproductive hormones in healthy men." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 301, no. 6 (December 2011): E1163—E1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00138.2011.

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Negative-feedback (inhibitory) and positive-feedforward (stimulatory) processes regulate physiological systems. Whether such processes are themselves rhythmic is not known. Here, we apply cross-approximate entropy (cross-ApEn), a noninvasive measurement of joint (pairwise) signal synchrony, to inferentially assess hypothesized circadian and ultradian variations in feedback coupling. The data comprised simultaneous measurements of three pituitary and one peripheral hormone (LH, FSH, prolactin, and testosterone) in 12 healthy men each sampled every 10 min for 4 days (5,760 min). Ergodicity, due

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Harrison, Matthew T. "Accelerated Spike Resampling for Accurate Multiple Testing Controls." Neural Computation 25, no. 2 (February 2013): 418–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00399.

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Controlling for multiple hypothesis tests using standard spike resampling techniques often requires prohibitive amounts of computation. Importance sampling techniques can be used to accelerate the computation. The general theory is presented, along with specific examples for testing differences across conditions using permutation tests and for testing pairwise synchrony and precise lagged-correlation between many simultaneously recorded spike trains using interval jitter.

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Bouwmeester, Jessica, and Michael L. Berumen. "High reproductive synchrony of Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea." F1000Research 4 (January 5, 2015): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6004.1.

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Coral spawning in the northern Gulf of Aqaba has been reported to be asynchronous, making it almost unique when compared to other regions in the world. Here, we document the reproductive condition of Acropora corals in early June 2014 in Dahab, in the Gulf of Aqaba, 125 km south of previous studies conducted in Eilat, Israel. Seventy-eight percent of Acropora colonies from 14 species had mature eggs, indicating that most colonies will spawn on or around the June full moon, with a very high probability of multi-species synchronous spawning. Given the proximity to Eilat, we predict that a compar

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Wallis, Guy. "A spatial explanation for synchrony biases in perceptual grouping: Consequences for the temporal-binding hypothesis." Perception & Psychophysics 67, no. 2 (February 2005): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03206497.

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Barnea, Oren, Amit Huppert, Guy Katriel, and Lewi Stone. "Spatio-Temporal Synchrony of Influenza in Cities across Israel: The “Israel Is One City” Hypothesis." PLoS ONE 9, no. 3 (March 12, 2014): e91909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091909.

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Wan, Kirsty Y., and Raymond E. Goldstein. "Coordinated beating of algal flagella is mediated by basal coupling." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 20 (May 2, 2016): E2784—E2793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518527113.

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Cilia and flagella often exhibit synchronized behavior; this includes phase locking, as seen inChlamydomonas, and metachronal wave formation in the respiratory cilia of higher organisms. Since the observations by Gray and Rothschild of phase synchrony of nearby swimming spermatozoa, it has been a working hypothesis that synchrony arises from hydrodynamic interactions between beating filaments. Recent work on the dynamics of physically separated pairs of flagella isolated from the multicellular algaVolvoxhas shown that hydrodynamic coupling alone is sufficient to produce synchrony. However, the

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De Zeeuw, C. I., S. K. E. Koekkoek, D. R. W. Wylie, and J. I. Simpson. "Association Between Dendritic Lamellar Bodies and Complex Spike Synchrony in the Olivocerebellar System." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 1747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.1747.

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De Zeeuw, C. I., S.K.E. Koekkoek, D.R.W. Wylie, and J. I. Simpson. Association between dendritic lamellar bodies and complex spike synchrony in the olivocerebellar system. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1747–1758, 1997. Dendritic lamellar bodies have been reported to be associated with dendrodendritic gap junctions. In the present study we investigated this association at both the morphological and electrophysiological level in the olivocerebellar system. Because cerebellar GABAergic terminals are apposed to olivary dendrites coupled by gap junctions, and because lesions of cerebellar nuclei influence t

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Krebs, Charles J., Knut Kielland, John Bryant, Mark O’Donoghue, Frank Doyle, Carol McIntyre, Donna DiFolco, et al. "Synchrony in the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) cycle in northwestern North America, 1970–2012." Canadian Journal of Zoology 91, no. 8 (August 2013): 562–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0012.

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Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777) fluctuate in 9–10 year cycles throughout much of their North American range. Regional synchrony has been assumed to be the rule for these cycles, so that hare populations in virtually all of northwestern North America have been assumed to be in phase. We gathered qualitative and quantitative data on hare numbers and fur returns of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis Kerr, 1792) in the boreal forest regions of Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and northern British Columbia to describe synchrony in the time window of 1970–2012. Broad-scale synchrony

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McKinnon, L., M. Picotin, E. Bolduc, C. Juillet, and J. Bêty. "Timing of breeding, peak food availability, and effects of mismatch on chick growth in birds nesting in the High Arctic." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 8 (August 2012): 961–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z2012-064.

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In seasonal environments, breeding events must be synchronized with resource peaks to ensure production and growth of offspring. As changes in climate may affect trophic levels differentially, we hypothesized that a lack of synchrony between chick hatch and resource peaks could decrease growth rates in chicks of shorebirds nesting in the High Arctic. To test this hypothesis, we compared growth curves of chicks hatching in synchrony with peak periods of food abundance to those hatching outside of these peak periods. We also tested for changes in lay dates of shorebirds in the Canadian Arctic us

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Miranda, Terence T., and M. Kathleen Pichora-Fuller. "Temporally Jittered Speech Produces Performance Intensity, Phonetically Balanced Rollover in Young Normal-Hearing Listeners." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 13, no. 01 (January 2002): 050–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715947.

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This study investigates whether temporally jittered stimuli will produce performance-intensity, phonetically balanced (PI-PB) rollover in young adults with normal hearing. Although not yet explicitly stated in the literature, there is clinical and theoretical evidence to suggest that PI-PB rollover, such as that found in cases of acoustic neuroma, is caused by neural dyssynchrony in the auditory system. Sixteen participants were tested with intact and temporally jittered word lists in quiet at 40, 55, 65, and uncomfortable listening level −5 dB HL. The results show significant rollover in the

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Shain, Cory, and Judith Tonhauser. "The synchrony and diachrony of differential object marking in Paraguayan Guaraní." Language Variation and Change 22, no. 3 (October 2010): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394510000153.

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AbstractThis paper explores the synchrony and diachrony of differential object marking in Paraguayan Guaraní on the basis of a quantitative study of a corpus of naturally occurring data of the modern language and an investigation of object marking in a 17th-century catechism. We show that both animacy and topicality, but not definiteness, affect whether a direct object is marked in modern Guaraní, a finding that has implications for cross-linguistic theories of differential object marking, not all of which recognize topicality as a factor. We also find no categorical constraints on differentia

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Gasperini, Lucia. "Diachrony and Synchrony of the Latin Ablative." Diachronica 16, no. 1 (August 6, 1999): 37–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.16.1.04gas.

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SUMMARY The present work is concerned with certain aspects of the syncretistic history and synchronic function of the Latin ablative. After a review of the main results achieved and the questions still open in the comparative reconstruction of the Indo-European ablative, locative and instrumental cases, whose merger brought about the Latin ablative, the nature of the syncretism itself is investigated, by drawing some hints from the forms to shed light on the functions. In this treatment the thesis of Meiser (1992) concerning their syncretism through congruence of extensions gives rise, in fact

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Bartolomei, Fabrice, and Lionel Naccache. "The Global Workspace (GW) Theory of Consciousness and Epilepsy." Behavioural Neurology 24, no. 1 (2011): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/127864.

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The global workspace (GW) theory proposes that conscious processing results from coherent neuronal activity between widely distributed brain regions, with fronto-parietal associative cortices as key elements. In this model, transition between conscious and non conscious states are predicted to be caused by abrupt non-linear massive changes of the level of coherence within this distributed neural space. Epileptic seizures offer a unique model to explore the validity of this central hypothesis. Seizures are often characterized by the occurrence of brutal alterations of consciousness (AOC) which

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Rogers, Tanya L., and Stephan B. Munch. "Hidden similarities in the dynamics of a weakly synchronous marine metapopulation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910964117.

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Populations of many marine species are only weakly synchronous, despite coupling through larval dispersal and exposure to synchronous environmental drivers. Although this is often attributed to observation noise, factors including local environmental differences, spatially variable dynamics, and chaos might also reduce or eliminate metapopulation synchrony. To differentiate spatially variable dynamics from similar dynamics driven by spatially variable environments, we applied hierarchical delay embedding. A unique output of this approach, the “dynamic correlation,” quantifies similarity in int

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Bregman, Micah R., John R. Iversen, David Lichman, Meredith Reinhart, and Aniruddh D. Patel. "A method for testing synchronization to a musical beat in domestic horses (Equus ferus caballus)." Empirical Musicology Review 7, no. 3-4 (June 25, 2013): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/emr.v7i3-4.3745.

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According to the &ldquo;vocal learning and rhythmic synchronization hypothesis&rdquo; (Patel, 2006), only species capable of complex vocal learning, such as humans and parrots, have the capacity to synchronize their movements to a musical beat.&nbsp; While empirical research to date on a few species (e.g., parrots and monkeys) has supported this hypothesis, many species remain to be examined. Domestic horses are particularly important to study, as they are vocal non-learners who are occasionally reported to move in synchrony with a musical beat, based on informal observations. If t

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Legett, Henry D., Ikkyu Aihara, and X. E. Bernal. "The dual benefits of synchronized mating signals in a Japanese treefrog: attracting mates and manipulating predators." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1835 (August 23, 2021): 20200340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0340.

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In dense mating aggregations, such as leks and choruses, acoustic signals produced by competing male conspecifics often overlap in time. When signals overlap at a fine temporal scale the ability of females to discriminate between individual signals is reduced. Yet, despite this cost, males of some species deliberately overlap their signals with those of conspecifics, synchronizing signal production in the chorus. Here, we investigate two hypotheses of synchronized mating signals in a Japanese treefrog ( Buergeria japonica ): (1) increased female attraction to the chorus (the beacon effect hypo

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Tranchant, Pauline, Marie-Élaine Lagrois, Antoine Bellemare, Benjamin G. Schultz, and Isabelle Peretz. "Co-occurrence of Deficits in Beat Perception and Synchronization Supports Implication of Motor System in Beat Perception." Music & Science 4 (January 1, 2021): 205920432199171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059204321991713.

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The main goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that disorders in entrainment to the beat of music originate from motor deficits. To this aim, we adapted the Beat Alignment Test and tested a large pool of control subjects, as well as nine individuals who had previously showed deficits in synchronization to the beat of music. The tasks consisted of tapping (Experiment 1) and bouncing (Experiment 2) in synchrony with the beat of non-classical music that varied in genre, tempo, and groove, and then judging whether a superimposed metronome was perceived as on or off the beat of the same sel

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Kumar, D., P. D. Thompson, and D. L. Wingate. "Absence of synchrony between human small intestinal migrating motor complex and rectal motor complex." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 258, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): G171—G172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.258.1.g171.

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Both the human small intestine and rectum exhibit motor activity in which relatively brief bursts of powerful regular contractions recur with a similar periodicity. We used prolonged ambulant manometry to test the hypothesis that these activities are synchronous. Pressure activity from the duodenojejunum and the rectum was recorded continuously for 24 h in eight freely ambulant healthy adults. A total of 61 migrating motor complexes and 61 rectal motor complexes occurred in the group; the median periodicities of the two rhythms differed significantly (P = 0.025). There was no evidence of synch

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Kidd, A. D., D. Francis, and M. D. Bennett. "Replicon size, rate of DNA replication, and the cell cycle in a primary hexaploid triticale and its parents." Genome 35, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-021.

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It has been previously shown that, surprisingly, DNA synthesis in a hexaploid triticale resembled that in a hexaploid bread wheat much more than in a diploid rye cultivar with respect to (i) replicon size, (ii) rate of DNA replication fork movement, and (iii) the degree of synchrony of replicon activation. The wheat and rye cultivars were not the parents of the triticale, but it was suggested that perhaps in a triticale nucleus, DNA replication in chromosomes from rye may be governed to be similar to that of wheat chromosomes in the wheat parent. The present work aimed to test this hypothesis

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Boulanger, Yan, and Dominique Arseneault. "Spruce budworm outbreaks in eastern Quebec over the last 450 years." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 1035–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-269.

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In this study we used dendrochronology to reconstruct the history of eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks over the last 450 years in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region of southeastern Quebec. In total, 260 tree cores were sampled from 204 beams in seven historic buildings and 12 trees in a virgin forest stand. Eight previously documented outbreaks (19751992, 19471958, 19141923, 18681882, 18321845, 18051812, 17521776, 17101724) and three presumed previous outbreaks (16781690, 16421648, 15771600) were identified based on periods of growth reduction. Of these 1

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Valkeners, D., Y. Beckers, F. Piron, and A. Théwis. "Effect of imbalance between energy and nitrogen supplies on microbial protein synthesis in growing double-muscled Belgian Blue bulls." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200012825.

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Balancing the supply of nitrogen and energy-yielding substrates to rumen micro-organisms was proposed as a mechanism to maximise the capture of rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN) and to optimise microbial growth rate and efficiency. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of various time periods of imbalance between nitrogen and energy supplies for the rumen micro-organisms on the microbial protein synthesis (SPM) in growing double-muscled Belgian Blue bulls. This was realised by giving the same feedstuffs according to different meal patterns, which is one of the most robust test of

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