Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Syndrome de sevrage (Toxicomanie)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Syndrome de sevrage (Toxicomanie).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Dos, Santos Ana-Maria. "Syndrome de sevrage néonatal après exposition fœtale à des drogues : à propos de 41 observations." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23079.
Full textRoszak, Muriel. "Toxicomanie, modes de traitements et trajectoires d'usagers (1970-200)." Rennes 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN20015.
Full textThe first part of this research concerns the diversity of the discussions about the addiction phenomena. The purpose is to illustrate the importance of the representations, the explanatory theories and the various discussions that evolve and influence themselves permanently. The second part is consecrated to the way of taking charge the illicit psychotropic substances' users which is influenced by discussions and common representations that affect the way to orientate these persons at the justice's level as well as the developed therapeutics' level. In the last part, trajectories of psychotropic substances' users who have given up without an institutional help are described. The trajectories' commentaries do not form a diagnosis but they allow noting some psychopathological elements which punctuate these trajectories
Faveron, Pascal. "Mise au point sur les echelles d'évaluation du syndrome de sevrage aux opiacés." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25182.
Full textGosselin, Patrick. "Sevrage des benzodiazépines des patients souffrant du trouble d'anxiété généralisée." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43592.
Full textGuay, Catherine. "Perception d'efficacité personnelle et observance au sevrage des hypnotiques chez des personnes souffrant d'insomnie chronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24127/24127.pdf.
Full textLoustauneau, Anne. "Etude du suivi de 16 grossesses chez des femmes héroi͏̈nomanes traitées par buprénorphine par des médecins généralistes, en Aquitaine, France." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M063.
Full textFievet, Catherine. "Sevrage des opiacés : héroi͏̈ne-morphine." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2P006.
Full textBonneau, Nicolas. "Substrats neuronaux impliqués dans le sevrage des opiacés et dans le rappel des mémoires affectives associées." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21791/document.
Full textAddiction is a psychobiological disorder that is characterized by repeated drug intakes, inability to control its consumption and a chronic tendency to relapse. Concerning opiate addiction (heroin, morphine), cessation of drug consumption induces a withdrawal syndrome, which can be strongly and persistently associated with the environment in which it is experimented. This association is so tight that a single re-exposure to this specific environment is enough to provoke a negative emotional state, which may promote drug relapse. In opiate dependence, it becomes clearer and clearer that reactivation of the affective memories associated with drug withdrawal play a major role in drug seeking. In terms of neurobiological processes, previous works conducted in the lab have shown that synaptic plasticity takes place during the conditioning of stimuli to opiate withdrawal, in limbic structures known to be involved in associative learning. It has been suggested that the consequences of the re-exposition to withdrawal conditioned stimuli are due to the reactivation of these specific limbic regions. In theses studies, environmental stimuli were both associated to the early aversive state of withdrawal and to somatic symptoms. This represents a first step in the understanding of the cellular processes involved in the formation and retrieval of withdrawal memories. However, in order to better understand how these memories could play a role in relapse, it is necessary to analyze the neuronal substrates involved in the conditioned effects of the sole early aversive motivational component of opiate withdrawal. Indeed, this motivational component is considered as exerting a strong influence on the maintaining of drug consumption, and eventually on the vulnerability to relapse in abstinent addicts. The aim of my work was to specify the neurobiological substrates involved in opiate withdrawal and in the retrieval of the aversive memories especially the memories associated with the motivational component of withdrawal. We first developed an in situ hybridization approach (catFISH) whose main advantage is to add a dynamical dimension to the neuronal activations induced by a stimulation. We validated the use of the catFISH method by studying the dynamics of neuronal activations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the nucleus accumbens (Nac), the central (CeA) and basolateral (BLA) nucleus of the amygdala as a consequence of the precipitation of opiate withdrawal. Our results show that catFISH allows determining persistent neuronal activations and that the CeA and the Nac have a different dynamics of activation in response to opiate withdrawal. In the second part, we studied the neuronal substrates involved when the retrieval of opiate withdrawal memories modifies an operant goal-directed behaviour, according to the withdrawal intensity. The use of catFISH allowed us to differentiate the neuronal activations induced by the re-exposition to the withdrawal context or to the conditioned stimuli. Our results show that the PFC and the Nac shell are involved in the retrieval of contextual memories of withdrawal and that PFC, Nac core and BLA are activated by the retrieval of more specific conditioned stimuli.Lastly, we analysed, using a conditioned place aversion protocol, the neuronal structures recruited by the retrieval of the memories associated with the motivational component of opiate withdrawal. Our results suggest that the Nac shell and the BLA are the brain structures that are the most sensible to the retrieval of the memories of opiate withdrawal.Overall, our work emphasized the crucial role played by the Nac shell and the BLA within a network of neuronal substrates involved in the processing of aversive emotional memories associated with opiate withdrawal. These structures could be considered as the common substrates to the processing of emotional memories associated with the effects of drugs of abuse. These results will be compared with an in vivo electrophysiology on behaving animals’ approach that we initiated during my PhD. This study will consist of detailing longitudinally the dynamics of the PFC/Nac/BLA network during the formation and the retrieval of the memories of opiate withdrawal. This study will also provide more details on the specific functions of the previously studied neuronal substrates in the processing of opiate withdrawal memories
BAUDOIN, PATRICE. "Apport des benzodiazepines dans le sevrage des toxicomanies opiacees." Angers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ANGE1106.
Full textLANTA, MARIE-THERESE. "La fonction respiratoire chez le polytoxicomane en cours de sevrage : a propos de 127 cas." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31174.
Full textBACHERT, BLANC CATHY. "Pharmacodependance aux benzodiazepines et syndrome de sevrage." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2P069.
Full textRoussel, Emmanuel. "Les drogues opiacées ou histoire d' une pharmacodépendance." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P274.
Full textMAGNIEN, MAGOT ELISABETH. "Traitement du sevrage des toxicomanes aux opiaces par la clonidine : a propos de 36 cas en milieu carceral." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25355.
Full textLemoine, Patrick. "Sevrage des benzodiazépines : pourquoi et comment ?" Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T158.
Full textChapelain, Pascal. "Syndrome de sevrage aux corticoides : a propos de quatre observations." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR1M207.
Full textGUILLEMOT, FRANCOISE. "Le syndrome de sevrage en benzodiazepines : a propos de 21 observations." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M173.
Full textLunardi, Marie-Hélène Lambert Henri. "Les cures de sevrages des dépendances aux opiacés bilan d' activité du CHU Nancy de 1994 à 1998 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2002_LUNARDI_MARIE_HELENE.pdf.
Full textRiotte, Chantal. "Traitements de substitution des opiacées : étude auprès de 40 patients traités par méthadone au C:H:U de Toulouse." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P061.
Full textGHARBI, KALTHOUM. "Reactualisation de la prevention et du traitement precoce du delirium tremens." Reims, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REIMM079.
Full textBONNEFOY, BLEHAUT MARYSE. "La clonidine et son utilisation en psychiatrie." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M289.
Full textTHINUS, GUY Bollaert Pierre-Edouard. "REFLEXIONS A PROPOS DU SYNDROME MALIN DES NEUROLEPTIQUES DANS LES SITUATIONS DE SEVRAGE ALCOOLIQUE." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2000_THINUS_GUY.pdf.
Full textPelletier, Stéphanie. "Intérêt de la transferrine disialylée (CDT) dans l'évaluation de la consommation d'alcool et la prévention du risque de syndrome de sevrage." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11060.
Full textRamdani, Mohamed. "Induction des cytochromes P450 chez l'alcoolique chronique et effet du sevrage." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11216.
Full textSoubie, Ariane. "Deux traitements atypiques du sevrage à l'héroi͏̈ne : la clonidine et le courant de Limoge." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P042.
Full textAmoureux, Patricia. "Héroi͏̈ne et grossesse : évolution prise en charge et prévention." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL21944.
Full textSchue, Patrick. "Essai de mise en évidence d'une réaction biologique centrale de sevrage à l'arrêt de la neurosédation prolongée avec des morphinomimétiques chez des traumatisés craniens en état de coma." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25048.
Full textGourmelon, Nathalie Trépos Jean-Yves. "Nouvelles populations limites et changements institutionnels histoire d'une mutation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2001/Gourmelon.Nathalie.LMZ0101.pdf.
Full textGourmelon, Nathalie. "Nouvelles populations limites et changements institutionnels : histoire d'une mutation." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Gourmelon.Nathalie.LMZ0101.pdf.
Full textThe history developped in this thesis which brings together diverse empirical research, is that of a transition : transition from a model of care of specific populations to another model which is called risk management. In this movement, this transformation, the place and the treatment which is given to certain social groups which are here called marginal or non-classifiable populations situated on the frontiers of different domains of care, is redefined. The principal objective is to show, using the analysis of R. Castel as a model, how starting with AIDES and its links with drug addiction (our first object), a process which has been taking place here and there for several years and in a fairly diffuse manner has suddenly speeded up obliging a domain of care, a particular type of institution founded on a particular historical model to change to another model, that of the management risk. Revealed in this unusual way, integrated into discourse and practice (under the auspices of "risk reduction policy") as never before, this second model became the dominant model and the base of thenormal functioning of our society, causing other areas of transformation which had been hesitant and developing more slowly to take the same path. The debates ans changes taking place particularly in the domain of the treatment of juvenile delinquents which have a proeminent place in the media, in social policy and in politics, which is the second object of our analysis, bear witness of this. Taking this change, its form and its mechanisms as a starting point, this thesis sets out to trace its origins. It is based on diverse evidence from the past and accords an important role to individual stories ; account of individual actors (professionals, in institutions or associations) caught up willingly or unwillingly in this vast movement
Lucas, Morgan. "Sustrats neuronaux des mémoires émotionnelles associées au sevrage des opiacés : analyse des réseaux de l'amygdale et des structures associées." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21470.
Full textIn opiate addiction, a withdrawal syndrome emerges when stopping drug consumption, and the aversive properties of the withdrawal state can be conditioned to the environment. Indeed, environmental stimuli associated with drug taking or withdrawal are known to influence addictive behaviours, via associative learning and long term memory processes. The processes involved neural networks that must be characterized to better understand the persistence of this pathology. Our work intended to analyze, by using anatomo-functional approaches, the neuronal processes underlying opiate withdrawal conditioning within amygdala nuclei and associated stuctures. For this, we used a conditioned place aversion model induced by opiate withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats that allowed the study of withdrawal aversive state memory by reexposure to the conditioned environment, in both dependent and abstinent rats. During morphine withdrawal conditioning, our data reveal neuronal plasticity processes in the amygdala nuclei which could underlie withdrawal memory formation, but also the retrieval of this memory in dependent rats during reexposure to the conditioned stimuli. We also show a dopaminergic activation in such processes, although it seems not necessary in the amygdala for withdrawal memory formation. Finally, the retrieval aversive memories in abstinent ats involves neuronal networks partly different from those in dependent rats. This suggests an anatomo-functional reorganization of the networks underlying the retrieval memories associated with morphine withdrawal depending on the dependance state
Jousse, Agnès. "Le buproprion, antidépresseur efficace dans le sevrage tabagique : étude de sa pharmacocinétique chez les sujets insuffisants hépatiques." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P161.
Full textGUERINEAU, DE LAMERIE GUILLAUME. "Interet de la mesure des recepteurs gaba-benzodiazepines en tomographie par emission de positons dans les pathologies psychiatriques." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M268.
Full textFabre, Brigitte. "La dépression au sevrage alcoolique : étude comparative des échelles de Hamilton, Carroll et Beck à partir de 32 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25232.
Full textEl, Hage Cynthia. "L'anxiété liée au sevrage à la cocaïne : étude comportementale et neuroanatomique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10101/document.
Full textAnxiety is one of the prevailing symptoms observed during the initial period of abstinence in cocaine abusersand is considered as an important factor of relapse. The aim of this study was to provide further insight into thecerebral dysregulations that might contribute to this pathological state in rats.Rats were treated chronically with cocaine and anxiety-behaviors were assessed in different paradigms duringwithdrawal (elevated plus maze, open arm and shock probe burying tests). Our results demonstrated that cocainewithdrawal induced persistent heightened levels of anxiety that last for at least 28 days. We then used Fosimmunohistochemistry to map neuronal activation patterns in withdrawn rats confined to one open arm (OA) ofan elevated plus maze. Our data showed that the exacerbated anxiety observed in cocaine treated rats exposed toan OA was accompanied by an altered reactivity of the dorsal part of the medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC)glutamatergic neurons and some sub-cortical regions (anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas and theparaventricular nucleus of the thalamus). Finally, we showed that pharmacological inactivation of the dmPFCwith muscimol considerably attenuated anxiety-related behaviors in cocaine withdrawn rats suggesting anexaggerated response of this cortical area during the processing of anxiogenic stimuli. The present studyprovides new data on the neural substrate underlying pathological anxiety observed during cocaine withdrawaland highlights the importance of the dmPFC in the regulation of this pathological anxiety state
Dejour, Franck. "Evaluation des troubles anxieux et dépressifs dans une population de patients hospitalises pour sevrage alcoolique : validation du général health questionnaire." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M161.
Full textCaillé-Garnier, Stéphanie. "Implication des systèmes monoaminergiques centraux dans l'expression de la dépendance aux opiacés." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28763.
Full textSambron-Di, Prizio Anne-Catherine Rat Cédric. "La prescription d'hypnotiques par le médecin généraliste en dehors d'une consultation étude rétrospective à partir des données de remboursement des CPAM de Loire Atlantique et de Vendée /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=48071.
Full textJavelle, Nathalie. "Influence du monoxyde d'azote sur les modifications du métabolisme monoaminergique dans le locus coeruleus associées au syndrome comportemental du sevrage à la morphine : étude in vivo par microdialyse intracérébrale." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T251.
Full textPineau, Thierry. "Ontogénèse des cytochromes P450 microsomaux hépatiques chez le lapin : étude de l'expression des gènes CYP1A1, CYP1A2 et CYP3A7 ; effet de la Rifampicine et du sevrage." Tours, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOUR3804.
Full textProuveur, Thierry. "Les dangers du tabac et la désintoxication du fumeur." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOP002.
Full textDarcq, Emmanuel. "Réponses à la morphine in vivo : adaptations moléculaires et implications de la kinase RSK2." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6155.
Full textDrug addiction is a chronic disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking, a loss of control over drug consumption and an important risk of relapse. Morphine is used to treat pain, and is also a drug of abuse. Morphine acts via the mu opioid receptor. In our laboratory, we are studying molecular and behavioral adaptations developing after chronic activation of the mu receptor. The aim of this thesis was to study the regulation of gene expression and intracellular pathways associated with activation of the mu receptor in vivo. A first part of my thesis addressed the transcriptional adaptations consecutive to chronic activation of the mu receptor in vivo. We used a genome-wide microarray approach to study modifications of gene expression in two brain structures (central extended amygdala and lateral hypothalamus). These brain areas have been poorly studied in the context of drug abuse, and are known to be involved in the emotional aspects of addiction. In a second set of experiments, I contributed to the molecular characterization of an abstinent state. In the second part of my thesis, I studied the implication of RSK2 kinase in behavioral responses to morphine since, a role that had never been investigated before. In order to examine the implication of RSK2 in both acute and adaptative responses to morphine, we compared several morphine effects in RSK2 deficient mice and wild-type controls. We tested morphine analgesia and tolerance, morphine locomotor sensitization, morphine physical dependence and morphine reward. Our data reveal a role of RSK2 in morphine analgesia and withdrawal
Notz, Nicolas. "Synthèse des données de la littérature médicale : une évidence qui pose problème. Présentation de la collaboration Cochrane et application : un exemple de préparation d'une revue systématique sur la stimulation neuroélectrique pour le traitement du sevrage aux opiacés." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23059.
Full textMonjauze, Michèle, and Marie-Madeleine Jacquet. "L'alcoolique, son corps et l'autre : contribution à l'étiologie de la dépendance psychique à l'alcool, étude psychopathologique comparative de trois populations alcooliques et d'un groupe témoin." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100137.
Full textThe « haut Comité d’Étude et d’Information sur l’Alcoolisme » granted funds to achieve this Ph. D. Thesis (Contrats 1982-42). We had to precise the possible specificity of the alcoholic psychic organization through the main line of the Body Image. In this purpose, the Three Persons Test (verbal) was combined with the Village Test (construction) and with interviews. Eighty-eight alcoholics, divided into three groups (drinkers, in-patients, abstinents) were compared to a control-group. A statistic analysis pointed out a great number of statistic features common to all the alcoholics as well as differencies between each alcoholic group. An inter-tests comparison was done statistically and alcoholic group. An inter-tests comparison was done statistically and qualitatively. Interviews let to describe common characteristics in the alcoholics’ anamnesis, their relationship to their parents and traumatic scenes in childhood. Does this clinical investigation, in the theorical psychoanalytical field, allow to consider a new psycho pathological approach of the alcoholics’ psychic organization? Does it open a new psychogenesis of Alcoholism?
Frenois, François. "Caractérisation des propriétés motivationnelles du sevrage des opiacés - analyse comparative des substrats neurobiologiques des effets inconditionnés et conditionnés." Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006055.
Full textLaniepce, Alice. "Modifications du sommeil associées à la consommation chronique et excessive d'alcool : liens avec les altérations cérébrales structurales et les troubles cognitifs Neuropsychological and neuroimaging examinations of self‐reported sleep quality in alcohol use disorder with and without Korsakoff's syndrome Sleep architecture and episodic memory performance in alcohol use disorder with and without Korsakoff syndrome The effect of alcohol withdrawal severity on sleep, brain and cognition Dissociating thalamic alterations in alcohol use disorder defines specificity of Korsakoff's syndrome Cerebellar hypermetabolism in alcohol use disorder: compensatory mechanism or maladaptive plasticity ? Alcohol use disorder : permanent and transient effects on the brain and neuropsychological functions Effects of sleep and age on prospective memory consolidation Troubles cognitifs dans l'alcoolodépendance Repérage des troubles cognitifs liés à l’alcool." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC039.
Full textWell before the development of severe alcohol-related neurological complications such as Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS), patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) exhibit variable brain damage and cognitive deficits, as well as sleep disturbances. Although it is well established that sleep contributes to brain and cognitive functioning, its involvement in brain damage and cognitive deficits in AUD remains poorly understood. The objective of this thesis was to investigate subjective and objective sleep quality in AUD and KS patients, and its relationships with brain structure and function. Our results show that sleep complaint must be interpreted with regard to the severity of brain alterations and cognitive impairments in AUD and KS patients. Moreover, we showed a high prevalence of sleep apnea in these patients. REM sleep abnormalities are specifically observed in KS patients and related to the severity of memory deficits. Regarding AUD patients, we highlight the contribution of the severity of withdrawal syndrome in slow wave sleep decrease, and its effects on brain and cognitive functioning. Hence, similarities and differences of sleep architecture have been found in the two clinical forms (AUD and KS). These sleep modifications could depend on the severity of alcohol withdrawal and be involved in the pathophysiology of alcohol-related structural brain damage and cognitive impairment. These results encourage evaluating and managing both alcohol withdrawal and sleep modifications to improve patients’ prognosis at discharge from Addiction department
Barbier, Estelle. "Exposition précoce à l'alcool : facteur de risque dans l'addiction ? : Etude comportementale et moléculaire." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIED011.
Full textSeveral clinical studies have shown that early alcohol exposure is a risk factor for the development of drug dependence. Our research focused on the long-term effects of pre- and postnatal alcohol exposure on both brain function and drugs of abuse response in adulthood. This work has been done using two rat strains to take into account for the genetic influence: Sprague Dawley (SD) and Long Evans (LE) rats. The main result of this study indicated that adult offspring exposed to early ethanol displayed an increase in consumption and preference to both ethanol and morphine solutions, in sensitivity to the rewarding effects of cocaine in SD rats and of ethanol in LE rats. Indeed, this study has shown some differential alterations induced by early alcohol exposure between SD and LE rats that may be due to interindividual differences between these two strains. The sensitization to psychostimulants was facilitated after early ethanol exposure in both strains. In addition, early ethanol exposure induced an increase in the anxiolytic effects of ethanol and the HPA axis response to ethanol that may be implicated in the increase in ethanol preference induced by early life ethanol exposure. In parallel, gene expression analysis revealed that expression of a large number of genes was altered in brain regions involved in reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. Dopaminergic receptors and transporter binding sites were also down-regulated in the striatum of ethanolexposed offspring. Such long-term neurochemical alterations in transmitter systems and in the behavioral responses to drugs of abuse may confer an increase in vulnerability to addiction
Denti, Elisabetta. "Habitudes et addiction à internet chez les adolescents italiens : impact sur la fonction visuelle d'un protocole de dramathérapie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB018.
Full textIn 2017, there is no longer a need to remember a phone number by heart, wait for the right time to taste seasonal fruit or vegetables, or wait for someone at the station without having news briefly before hugging him on the train quay Emotions are more closely related to much more immediate communication flows. The natural rhythm of time flowing in our lives seems to be synonymous for the man (and the woman) of the new millennium of a frantic and constant acceleration against time, in the illusion of a flashy world, super-fast, super-efficient: a smart world. In this way, instead of listening to and respecting the natural rhythm of our breath, our body, we choose at any time to run faster and faster, in the omnipotent illusion of winning the race against time, the unreliable guardian of our existence. We express the desire to be constantly connected, creating the illusion of hyper-presence. Technological development has radically changed our lifestyle, our way of communicating, our human and emotional, individual and collective experience. On the one hand, the technological revolution has allowed the global transformation of the mass communication process and is an inexhaustible source of knowledge and discovery; not to be demonized but to be explored with intelligence and curiosity; it has at the same time led to the emergence of new vulnerabilities and manifestations of Internet-related psychopathological discomfort. It is through the consultation of over 240 international scientific articles and data on the prevalence of these new forms of dependence in Asia (the continent most technologically advanced and involved in this regard), that the American Psychiatric Association (APA) decided to introduce the Internet Gaming Disorder in its latest version of the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) in May 2013. The field of Internet addiction is an extremely tangled and complex border that represents a nerve node discussion in part of the international scientific community. Voracious consumers and clever users of new technologies, that is the new generations, seem to be particularly at risk of developing these dependencies. This is why it is important to develop research projects and it is urgent to propose psycho-educational prevention projects for the adolescent population. This thesis describes an emergency problem and the proposal of a possible approach facing these new addiction forms through arts therapies, more precisely through dramatherapy. The experimental part of this thesis is articulated in two parts: the first one corresponds to the study of physiological repercussion on variations of visual skills related to the use or abuse of screen use.This study, that represents the psycho pedagogical and prevention experience of this thesis, was addressed to 250 Italian sound teenagers. The second part consists of a clinical experience of cure of Internet addiction addressed to 13 video games addicted adolescents and young adults with Asperger syndrome. A further project of dramatherapy addressed to drugs addicted adolescents and young adults represents a clinical perspective in front of possible comorbidities that characterize the clinical practice in our field of study. The dramatherapy approach in the field of prevention and cure of web related addictions is considered regarding two important aspects: the recovery and reclamation of the body and sensory experience (size altered in the virtual experience facing the monitors) and the possibility to expose the person to a gaming experience through a shared transitional space. The body dimension, completely abandoned or altered in the virtual experience, is recovered and exalted through dramatherapy. The therapeutical approach is born, grows and develops in the body. In our view the stage represents the appropriate mediation between the virtual space of the abuse and real space of existence. (...)
Rouibi, Khalil Adnane. "Dépendance aux drogues opiacées : focus sur le système corticotropin-releasing factor." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14434/document.
Full textOpiate illicit use represents one of the most severe sanitary problems throughout the world. Among humans, the emergence of the opiate withdrawal (OW) syndrome after cessation of opiate intake is considered as one of the key motivational elements that lead to the vulnerability to opiates relapse. Therefore, the OW is characterized by a various alterations of the behavioral and neurobiological homeostasis responses to stress which are determinants in opiate dependence. The Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system is the major coordinator of stress-responsive circuitry. Through its two receptors CRF1 and CRF2, the CRF system has recently emerged as major contributor in the development of components of the OW syndrome. The aim of this thesis is to determine the role of CRF2 receptor in the negative affective states and motivational disorders implicated in opiate relapse during OW.Behavioral and biological experiments were conducted in CRF2 receptor-deficient mice (CRF2-/-). We reported that genetic deletion of the CRF2 receptor eliminates dysphoria and molecular alterations elicited by OW without impairing brain, neuroendocrine and autonomic stress-coping responses to withdrawal. Using behavioral approaches of operant responding to highly palatable food (HPF) we found that CRF2-/- reduces motivational disorders induced by intermittent morphine injections and withdrawal. Finally, we described a mouse model of stress-induced food reinstatement seeking behavior during prolonged OW. Furthermore, we reported a gender dimorphism in the role of the CRF2 receptor in the stress-induced reinstatement of HPF seeking behavior long-lasing after opiate treatment.These findings underscore the importance of CRF2 receptor as possible effective treatment of the critical problem of opiate dependence
Nicolas, Céline. "Étude des modifications à long terme induites par la prise chronique de cocaïne : approches anatomique, métabolique et comportementale." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2334/document.
Full textDrugs addiction is a chronic brain disorder representing a major public health problem. Although important advances allowed a better understanding of the cerebral modifications induced by chronic exposure to drugs, the therapies still nowadays limited. Therefore the investigation of cerebral processes that underlie the persistent risks of relapse, seem to be crucial to offer new therapeutic strategies. A part of this thesis aims at investigating the cerebral modifications induced in a long term during the withdrawal, due to a chronic voluntary intake of cocaine. In our first study we found a reduction of the density of cerebral vessels during the early withdrawal selectively localized in the cingular cortex. In our second study we found that cocaine intake leads to modifications of cerebral metabolism that evolve during the withdrawal. After one month of withdrawal, at a time when the phenomenon of incubation of craving is found, we found a decrease in cortical and striatal metabolism and a hyperactivation of the amygdala which demonstrates a persistent disregulation of brain functioning. Finally, in our third study, we tried to dissect the mechanism underlying the anti-craving effect of the enriched environment (EE). We hypothesized that the EE acts as an alternative reward to decrease the cocaine seeking behavior. Thus we tested the effects of exposure to sucrose or the physical exercise on relapse to cocaine. We demonstrated that the access to an alternative reward during the withdrawal does not allow reducing cocaine seeking which suggests that the EE does not act exclusively as an alternative reward
Ayranci, Gülebru. "Mood disruption in heroin abstinence : mechanisms and gene discovery." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ047.
Full textAddiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder and is mainly described as compulsive craving and consumption of a drug in spite of adverse consequences. Individuals who have achieved to refrain from such compulsive behaviour are considered abstinent, but present symptoms reminiscent of depression. Epidemiological studies report that abstinence, particularly from opiates, strongly associates with higher prevalence of depression. Aim of my thesis was to specifically address the co-occurrence of opiate addiction and major depression in preclinical research. Thus, I have contributed to develop a mouse model of opiate abstinence, and in particular extend our model of morphine abstinence to heroin. Following exposure to escalating doses of heroin, abstinent mice progressively exhibit a depressive-like phenotype, revealed by low sociability., and show altered serotonergic and kappa opioid receptor signaling (Published article: Distinct mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor mechanisms underlie low sociability and depressive-like behaviors during heroin abstinence).Importantly, these behavioural deficits can be both prevented and reversed by antidepressant treatment targeting serotonergic signaling, or inhibiting the activity of the kappa opioid receptor withan antagonist, with similar efficacy (Submitted article: Kappa opioid receptor antagonism prevents and reverses heroin abstinence-induced social deficit with similar efficacy compared to chronic antidepressant treatment). Altogether, our results allow us to propose the kappa opioid receptor is a major player at the interface of addiction and depression (Published review: The kappa opioid receptor: from addiction to depression, and back)
Gentile, Gaëtan. "Le mésusage des substances psychoactives en médecine générale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0670/document.
Full textThe high level of psychotropic drugs consumption in France, the extent of the medical and societal challenges of neurological and psychiatric diseases, and population projections in terms of aging, emphasize the importance of mobilizing health care stakeholders. The French healthcare system is also characterized by the key role of the general practitioner(GP), particularly in the treatment of patients under opioid substitution treatment(OST) or vulnerable elderly people, the reason why this thesis work specifically focused on these two aspects. During the first part of the study, the characteristics of subjects under OST observed in general medicine have been analyzed according to a national survey(OPEMA). The importance of a precise analysis about the consumption through urine drug screening test, led to a cluster randomized study ESUB-MG in progress. In these two studies, a synthesis approach was initiated to look for the contribution of the GP to the identification of the substance use disorder and Addictovigilance. Secondly, the intervention of the GP in the management of a vulnerable elderly PACA-Alzheimer cohort has been analyzed. The exposure to antipsychotics has been studied, then the prevalence of long-term use of antipsychotics. Finally, patterns of adherence to antidepressant treatments in patients over 65 years old have been identified. The whole of this thesis work allowed: to confirm the key role of the GP in the French health system (including health vigilance systems); to highlight its involvement in the misuse of psychoactive drugs and their consequences within the two populations that were studied; to emphasize the its contribution to their prevention