Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Syndrome métabolique – Aspect génétique'
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Vigé, Alexandre. "Epigénomique nutritionnelle du syndrome métabolique." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P602.
Full textEpigenetic changes associated with DNA methylation and histone modifications leading to chromatin remodeling and regulation of gene expression underlie the developmental programming of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. This review focuses on converging data supporting the hypothesis that, in addition to "thrifty genotype" inheritance, individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases have suffered improper "epigenetic programming" during their fetal/postnatal development due to maternal inadequate nutrition and metabolic disturbances and also during their lifetime, that could even be transmitted to the next generation(s). We highlight the susceptibility of epigenetic mechanisms controlling gene expression to environmental influences due to their inherent malleability, emphasizing the participation of transposable elements and the potential role of imprinted genes during critical time windows in epigenetic programming, from the very beginning of development, throughout life. Increasing our understanding on epigenetic patterns significance and their role in development, evolution and adaptation and on small molecules (nutrients, drugs) that reverse epigenetic (in)activation should provide us with the means to "unlock" silenced (enhanced) genes, and to "convert" the obsolete human thrifty genotype into a "squandering" phenotype
Turcot, Valérie. "Génétique et épigénétique du syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29169/29169.pdf.
Full textBossé, Yohan. "Genetic Susceptibility to the Metabolic Syndrome." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22151/22151.pdf.
Full textThe metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated cardiovascular risk factors co-occurring in the same individual. People with this syndrome are at increased risk for developing diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Accordingly, it is important to elucidate the genetic aetiology governing this trait in order to better comprehend its pathogenesis. In the present thesis, heritability and complex segregation analyses as well as candidate gene and genome-wide scan approaches have been applied to shed some lights on the genetic architecture of the metabolic syndrome and its individual components. A total of three candidate genes have been investigated including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and PPARγ as well as phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). It has been shown that polymorphisms in both PPARα and PLTP genes are significantly associated with several indices of adiposity. In addition, significant gene-gene interactions have been observed between PPARα and PPARγ on glucose/insulin parameters. It has also been shown that the HDL2-cholesterol response to gemfibrozil therapy is modulated by the PPARα L162V polymorphism. Genome-wide linkage scans have been performed on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Many chromosome regions harbouring lipoprotein/lipid genes have been identified including 1q43, 11q13 q24, 15q26.1, and 19q13.32 for LDL-cholesterol, 12q14.1 for HDL-cholesterol, 2p14, 11p13, and 11q24.1 for triglycerides, 18q21.32 for LDL-apolipoprotein (apo) B, and 3p25.2 for apoAI. The genetic contribution of the variation in LDL peak particle diameter (LDL-PPD) has been also investigated. Overall, the results indicate: 1) that LDL-PPD strongly aggregates within families with heritability estimate above 50%; 2) the existence of a major gene effect affecting the phenotype; and 3) the presence of a major quantitative trait locus located on chromosome 17q. The apo H gene, a positional candidate gene, was then significantly associated with LDL-PPD, suggesting that this gene is responsible for the linkage signal observed on 17q. Finally, factor analyses have been used to construct a quantitative metabolic syndrome variable and a genome-wide linkage scan has been conducted to identify the genomic regions underlying this trait. A major quantitative trait locus has been observed on chromosome 15q suggesting a gene within this region contributing to the clustering of the metabolic syndrome-related phenotypes. Many of these findings must go through independent replication, while others produced new leads that deserve follow-up.
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Bégin, Stéphanie. "Étude de variations génétiques et épigénétiques de gènes candidats des complications métaboliques de l'obésité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26948.
Full textObesity is now a major problem worldwide. Its associated morbidity is mostly related to the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidemia (low HDL-C concentration and high concentration of TG), hyperglycemia and obesity. However, some obese subjects remain metabolically healthy. Genetic has thus been established as playing a major role in the development of obesity and its complications. Epigenetic factors may also be involved. The analysis of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was thus done and led to the discovery of several differentially expressed and methylated genes between groups of obese affected and unaffected with MetS. The two candidate genes NMT1 and DGKZ were part of these and their associations with components of MetS were tested, as well as their methylation and expression levels.
Laroche, Mélissa. "Lien entre la prééclampsie et les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire : étude de gènes impliqués dans le processus inflammatoire et associés au syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26217/26217.pdf.
Full textPreeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy complication characterized by increased blood pressure and proteinuria, is associated with significant maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Recent studies suggest that women who suffered from PE are at increased risk of long term cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and that the link between these two entities could be explained by the metabolic syndrome (MS). As inflammation appears to be a major element involved as much in PE than in MS and CVD, our research aimed to investigate the potential association between genetic variations in candidate genes involved in the inflammatory process and PE risk in a study sample that included 307 women who suffered from PE and 603 matched controls. In this regard, we analysed known polymorphisms of interleukin-1α (IL-1α; 4845G>T), interleukin-6 (IL-6; -174C>G), interleukin-10 (IL-10; -1082A>G, -2849G>A), TNF-α (TNF-α; -308G>A, -857C>T) and TNF-α receptors (TNFRІ 36A>G, TNFRІІ 676T>G) genes. Our results suggest the presence of a dose-effect of the combination of genes involved in the inflammatory process on the risk of PE.
Kobiita, Ahmad. "Un décalage de l'alimentation déclenche une asynchronie entre l'horloge circadienne centrale et les horloges périphériques et engendre un syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ003/document.
Full textThe sequence of molecular events through which alterations in externals cues may impinge on circadian clocks, and generate pathologies, was mostly unknown. During my thesis work, I have molecularly deciphered, how switching feeding in mice, from the “active” to the "rest" phase [Restricted Feeding (RF)] , alters the metabolism through hypoinsulinemia during the “active” phase, leading to increased PPARα activity, thereby reprograming both metabolism and RevErbα expression and leads to a 12h circadian clock-shift in peripheral tissues.Most notably, the lack of PPARα expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) prevents a shift of the central clock. Therefore, the “active” and “rest” phases controlled by the SCN clock and gene expression controlled by the peripheral circadian clocks are misaligned. Most interestingly, this misalignment generates a metabolic syndrome-like pathology, similar to that associated with shiftwork schedules
Mellaoui, Samia. "Rôle de la protéine FMRP dans la formation et le dynamisme des granules à ARN." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29529/29529.pdf.
Full textLegry, Vanessa. "Recherche de déterminants génétiques des phénotypes associés au syndrome métabolique en population." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426888.
Full textHéritier, Anne. "Génétique et physiopathologie du syndrome de Lowe, analyse des aspects neurologiques." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4397&f=28947.
Full textLowe's syndrome is a rare X-linked recessive genetic disorder associated with loss of function mutations in the OCRL gene. It is characterized by congenital cataract, proximal renal tubulopathy and neurological signs. Currently, the pathophysiology of neurological signs is still unclear. My thesis focuses on the study of cellular and molecular bases of neurological signs of Lowe's syndrome.We began by mimicking the pathology in vitro using neurons from the mouse hippocampus where we inhibited OCRL expression. We investigated the consequences of this loss on neuronal phenotypes reported in various models of intellectual disability. We also explored primary cilia formation during in vitro differentiation. We then analyzed the role of OCRL1 in mouse cortical brain formation using in utero electroporation of shRNA in the brain of mouse embryos.We identified different phenotypes disrupted by the loss of OCRL expression in Lowe's syndrome. Neurons inhibited for OCRL are on average smaller with fewer branches and a less complex arborization. This lack of dendritogenesis suggests that OCRL plays a role in dendritogenesis. By studying precisely the dendrites, we observe a dysregulation of the formation of dendritic spines associated with a defect of synaptogenesis.When OCRL is inhibited, there is a defect in ciliogenesis. This primary cilia defect is also reflected in vivo by a delay in the cortical migration of neurons inhibited for OCRL. Thus OCRL also has a role in neurons ciliogenesis.These abnormalities thus constitute cellular and molecular bases of the pathophysiology of the neurological signs of the disease.OCRL mutations were observed not only in patients with classic Lowe's syndrome, but also in patients with more moderate disease (almost no neurological and ocular signs), classified as Dent-2. Other patients present an intermediate symptomatology between the two pathologies showing the existence of a clinical continuum between Dent-2 disease and Lowe's syndrome. This situation suggests that there are individual differences in the ability to compensate for the loss of enzymatic function. Despite numerous studies, the mechanisms leading to restricted clinical manifestations are still poorly understood.The second part of my thesis explores the compensation mechanisms existing between Lowe and Dent-2 patients.Studies in the laboratory have shown that fibroblasts from Lowe and Dent-2 patients have different phenotypes and identified a gene, PLCβ1, as being differently expressed in Lowe and Dent patients. PLCβ1 being involved in the same metabolic pathways as OCRL. We therefore investigated phenotypes of Lowe patient’s fibroblasts that were less severe in Dent-2 patient’s fibroblasts. Inhibition of PLCβ1 in Lowe patient’s fibroblasts allowed us to observe that the fibroblasts have a "Dent-2 type phenotype". Reciprocally, when overexpressing PLCβ1 in Dent-2 fibroblasts, we found that the fibroblasts exhibit a "Lowe-like phenotype".This work suggests that PLCβ1 is a modifier gene of Lowe's syndrome, and that it has a role in the heterogeneity of the neurological signs associated with OCRL mutations. My project was to evaluate PLCβ1 as a modifier gene of Lowe's syndrome. We tested this hypothesis, by modulating PLCβ1 in neurons downregulated for OCRL. Neurons both inhibited for OCRL and PLCβ1, have phenotypes almost similar to controls for all the parameters we studied previously. The modulated neurons for both OCRL and PLCβ1 are on average larger with more branches and a more complex arborization than the neurons KO for OCRL. We observe a restoration of the density of the dendritic spines and synapses, a denser actin network and an improvement of the ciliogenesis defect.All these results confirm the hypothesis of the involvement of PLCβ1 in the phenotypic variability of neurological signs between Lowe syndrome and Dent-2 disease, and that PLCβ1 is a modifier gene of Lowe's syndrome
Grootenboer, Sabine. "Nouveau syndrome pléi͏̈otropique : stomatocytose +/-, oedèmes +/-, pseudohyperkaliémie." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA114811.
Full textGagnon, Josée. "Consommation de lait et syndrome métabolique chez la femme ménopausée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24248/24248.pdf.
Full textMaumus, Sandy. "Approche de la complexité du syndrome métabolique et de ses indicateurs de risuqe par la mise en œuvre de méthodes numériques et symboliques de fouille de données." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN12506.
Full textHaydar, Sara. "Rôle des aminoacides ramifiés dans le déterminisme génétique de la résistance à l’insuline." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT054.
Full textInsulin resistance (IR) is a fundamental biological process involved in majority of complex disorders with high impact on mortality of human populations and with a strong genetic component in interaction with nutritional factors. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential components of human diet and recognized as new actors in pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes mellitus either as biomarkers or regulators at the peripheral systemic and nervous system. This work was proposed in the frame of the European project MEDIGENE (FP7-279171) studying the metabolic syndrome in several Mediterranean populations. In this context, we have used a genetic approach combining SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) and fine scale haplotype mapping. We identified new genes in the later steps of BCAA catabolism responsible for IR, albeit displaying a complex signal in relation with BCAA plasma levels and in vivo IR measured by minimal model. With a similar approach, we identified equally a new locus of Chromosome 4p14 for IR in cooperation with the cerebral rewarding system involving fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 regulation. These data roused particular interest in estimating BCAA intake leading to the development of a novel database of BCAA content in food. This database is embedded in a new computer program for collecting dietary records (24HDR) and can be used securely by practitioners around Mediterranean countries and opening new perspectives in the nutrigenomic field
Huang, Hai. "Biophysical Characterization of Three SCN5A Mutations Linked to Long QT Syndrome Type 3, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, and Atrial Fibrillation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27250/27250.pdf.
Full textGaudreault, Valérie. "L'hypertension d'effort chez les patients avec syndrome métabolique : le rôle du système nerveux autonome." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24344/24344.pdf.
Full textHuang, Hai. "Biophysical Characterisation of Two Mutations Causing Long QT Syndrome and Brugada Syndrome." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23724/23724.pdf.
Full textMurati, Anne. "Les protéines tyrosine kinases dans les syndromes myéloprolifératifs." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20686.
Full textTibaut, Rémi. "Etude chez le poisson et les organismes aquatiques du devenir métabolique d'un composé œstrogénique : le nonylphénol : conséquences écotoxicologiques et aspects biochimiques." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12358.
Full textAlmeida, Gonçalves Sara de. "Identification of new genes involved in hereditary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome using next generation sequencing and in vivo functional characterization in drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB030/document.
Full textNephrotic syndrome (NS) is a kidney disease characterized by disruption of the glomerular filtration barrier and the massive loss of proteins into the urine. Although in the majority of cases treatment with steroids leads to remission of the disease, in 15-20% of cases the disease is not responsive to this therapy and is classified as steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). SRNS is a clinical condition with high morbidity leading to progressive renal failure as well as multiple metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Extensive research over the last 20 years has identified more than 40 SRNS causing genes that are crucial for function of the podocyte, a highly specialized kidney epithelial cell. However, the mutated gene is still unknown in about half of the familial cases. We have used exome sequencing to identify new genes mutated in SRNS. In order to prove the pathogenicity of the identified mutations we used the Drosophila model, assessing defects of fly viability and the structure and function of nephrocytes, podocyte like-cells. My thesis work consists of two projects. Firstly, we identified biallelic mutations in a new candidate gene, SGPL1, encoding the sphingosine 1- phosphate lyase, in individuals presenting SRNS with facultative adrenal insufficiency, ichthyosis, neurological defects and immunodeficiency. SGPL1 is the main catabolic enzyme of sphingolipids, irreversibly degrading sphingosine 1-phosphate into phosphoethanolamine and hexadecenal. In flies, these mutations were shown to decrease viability, induce nephrocyte defects and lead to the accumulation of sphingoid bases due to the loss of SGPL1 catabolic activity. Together, these results indicate that the identified SGPL1 mutations are pathogenic and cause a new syndromic form of SRNS. Moreover, in a second project, we defined the contribution of homozygous mutations found in two different genes, ADD3 and KAT2B, to a complex phenotype found in affected individuals from one consanguineous family. These individuals presented with neurological defects, cataracts, mild skeletal defects, cardiomyopathy and SRNS. ADD3 encodes adduciny, an F-actin capping protein that also links the actin cytoskeleton to the spectrin based membrane skeleton, while KAT2B encodes the lysine acetyltransferase 2B, mainly known for acetylation of histones and modulation of transcriptional programs. We found additional nonrelated patients carrying only biallelic ADD3 mutations that presented a partially overlapping syndrome but with no cardiac or renal manifestations. In the Drosophila model we found that both ADD3 and KAT2B mutations impaired fly viability and that the ADD3 mutation also impaired fly motor function. However, only the KAT2B mutation induced functional defects in Drosophila heart and nephrocytes. Altogether, these results suggest that ADD3 mutations are responsible for a neurological phenotype with facultative cataracts and skeletal defects while the KAT2B mutation induces heart and kidney defects. These results highlight the Drosophila as a good in vivo model to test the pathogenicity of the mutations found in SRNS candidate genes
Leclerc, Jacinthe. "Impact d'un programme modifiant les habitudes de vie sur la fonction diastolique ventriculaire gauche dans le syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30437/30437.pdf.
Full textIt is known that lifestyle changes have positive impact on cardiovascular risk factors. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is certainly the most prevalent cardiovascular disease. Not a lot is found in the literature regarding the reversibility of this dysfunction. During this project, it was observed that diastolic dysfunction is reversible following a 1-year lifestyle modification program. Baseline characteristics of participants who improved their diastolic function were an impaired glucose tolerance, a higher systolic blood pressure at maximal effort as well as a better performance at maximal effort test. Changes in adiposity measures, insulin resistance and exercise tolerance induced by this program did not correlate with improvements in diastolic function.
Decherf, Stéphanie. "Répression des gènes hypothalamiques Trh et Mc4r par les hormones thyroïdiennes : << de la régulation transcriptionnelle à l'intégration métabolique >>." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066398.
Full textDury, Alain. "Étude de la compartimentalisation de sous-populations de la Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein au sein de la cellule." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27704.
Full textFragile X syndrome, a monogenic disease linked to the chromosome X, is the first cause of inherited mental retardation. The syndrome affects about one out of 4000 man, and one out of 6000 woman. Fragile X is caused by the inactivation of the Fragile X Mental retardation (FMR1) gene, leading to the absence of its product, the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). The absence of FMRP, an RNA binding protein, is believed to cause translation dysregulation and defects in mRNA transport essential for local protein synthesis and for synaptic development and maturation. It is accepted that FMRP possesses a nuclear localisation signal (NLS), and a nuclear export signal (NES), allowing the protein to enter the nucleus, and possibly to exit from it as well. However, available antibodies do not allow to study the nuclear localisation of FMRP. Thanks to a new generation of monospecific antibodies developed in our laboratory, we were able to study the cytoplasmic and the nuclear distribution of FMRP. I will therefore shortly develop the fate of cytoplasmic FMRP (cFMRP) in neurons, and I will characterise the nuclear FMRP (nFMRP) that has been sought after for many years. nFMRP consists in particular nuclear FMRP isoforms that localize to Cajal bodies, structures described more than a century ago by the famous neuroscientist Santiago Ramon y Cajal. Data presented here also raise doubts on the nucleocytoplasmic traficking model, which relies on very few evidence. The discovery of nFMRP could have great implication in the Fragile X domain, opening a whole new field of investigation on the role of FMRP in the cell nucleus, and therefore on the consequences of its absence in patients.
Storaï, Julien. "Analyse métabolique et transcriptomique de S. Pneumoniae en lien avec la production de polysaccharide capsulaire." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000260/.
Full textThe kinetic behaviour of S. Pneumoniae during vaccine production was studied using a dynamic systemic approach. Quantification of key intracellular glycolytic metabolites coupled to global transcriptomic analysis led to an improved knowledge of pneumococcal physiology. In controlled growth conditions, a direct correlation between the accumulation of key glycolytic intermediates and the expression of capsular polysaccharide genes (cps operon encoding the main pneumococcal antigen) was established. Interestingly, the same correlation was confirmed for the genes involved in the assimilation and the modification of choline, an indispensable nutritional requirement for both growth and virulence of S. Pneumoniae. Such a correlation suggests a direct or indirect control of the expression of these genes by the global transcriptional regulator CcpA (catabolite control protein A) since putative cre sites upstream of the promoter were identified, even though the exact nature of this regulation remains to be confirmed. Preliminary results indicate that a ccpA mutation provokes a significant decrease in the expression of these genes. The global transcriptomic analysis coupled with motif research has revealed an extended CcpA regulon in S. Pneumoniae including genes involved in diverse metabolic functions. In addition the rational adjustment of key nutritional parameters of the growth medium, based upon the physiological data obtained in this study, led to significant improvements in both polysaccharide yields and quality thereby the improving vaccine production process
Barc, Julien. "Génétique des troubles de la repolarisation ventriculaire : nouveaux concepts." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=f1bba90a-8592-47d3-8bee-6af0f6c6d4e6.
Full textSudden cardiac death (SD) without structural heart disease affects about 12 to 20000 individuals each year in Europe. These sudden deaths concern mostly young population who died of a primary cardiac arrhythmia. Several studies have been lead on mendelian forms at high risk of SD such as long QT syndrome (LQTS), short QT syndrome (SQTS) and Brugada syndrome (BrS). The identification of genes in LQTS allowed us to explain arrhythmia pathophysiology and a better management for patients. However molecular diagnosis stay lacking within 25% of LQTS patients. A pangenomic approach by CGH array shows 3 deletions in KCNQ1 and KCNH2 genes, two of them concern KCNH2 gene, one take all of gene, the second is partial and was inherited in 6 patients on 3 generations. The SQTS is a rare and heterogeneous cardiopathy, 5 genes explain all of 8 cases reported today. A clinic and molecular study of new families affected by SQTS lead to identification of mutation in CACNA1C and SLC22A5 genes, suggesting a new molecular mechanism. Conversely of LQTS, a main gene (SCN5A) is associated with BrS. However SCN5A dot not constitute discerning marker for risk-stratification of SD. We evaluate the real implication of SCN5A gene in Brugada syndrome by 5 large families study in which the phenotype do not correlate with genotype. Our new molecular results suggest rather oligogenic model
Royer, Marie-Michelle. "Effets de l'alimentation méditerranéenne sur les comportements alimentaires et la régulation de l'appétit chez des hommes atteints du syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28380/28380.pdf.
Full textAury-Landas, Juliette. "Déterminisme génétique du syndrome de Li-Fraumeni : impact des mutations du gène TP53 et contribution des variations du nombre de copies d'ADN." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES003.
Full textBesnard, Thomas. "Syndrome de Usher : outils innovants pour une exploration moléculaire exhaustive." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13512/document.
Full textUsher syndrome is a genetic disorder combining sensorineural hearing loss (HL) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Some patients will also exhibit vestibular areflexia (VA). Clinical and genetic heterogeneity is recognized as the 3 clinical subgroups, defined mainly on the degree of HL and VA, can be caused by mutations in one of the 10 known genes. It is important to use all accessible genetic tools to identify and characterize molecular origin in order to improve the knowledge of the physiopathological mechanisms causing Usher Syndrome.In this context, we have developed an exhaustive approach. In a first step, we have implemented the analysis and established the mutational spectrum of the 2 minor USH2 genes (GPR98 and DFNB31). In addition, we have developed several tools, in particular to study variants susceptible to alter splicing or lying in the promoter regions of the USH2 genes.Thanks to this work, the USH2 mutation detection rate has now been raised to 90%, similar to that of USH1.We have then designed a targeted exome of the Usher genes to be sequenced using the GS Junior system (Roche 454). The aim of the study was to test the feasibility of this new technics for a possible transfer to diagnostic facilities. Quality criteria and variant priorization were set up on a control cohort (previously studied in one of the USH gene). The study has then been extended on a patient cohort. Our results indicate that NGS Usher-exome can be used in molecular diagnostics but improvement of the reliability of the sequencing technology, bioinformatics tools and dedicated databases is essential
Dumanchin-Njock, Cécile. "Les Formes autosomiques dominantes de la maladie d'Alzheimer et des démences frontotemporales associées à un syndrome parkinsonien : analyse moléculaire et fonctionnelle des gènes PS1 et tau." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES063.
Full textAdel, Kathryn. "Indice et charge glycémiques de l'alimentation et relations avec l'obésité et le syndrome métabolique au sein de l'étude des familles de Québec (QFS)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25199.
Full textMany high-carbohydrate foods common to Western diets have been shown to produce a high glycemic response, which may favor weight gain and metabolic syndrome (MetS), but associations between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and obesity and MetS remain inconsistent. These associations were examined in the Quebec Family Study. GI and GL were positively associated with obesity, and an increase in GL over time was associated with gains in adiposity in women only. However, some associations were no longer significant when subjects with implausible reported energy intake (rEI) were excluded. GI and GL were generally not associated with MetS or its risk factors. Results suggest that GI and GL are associated with obesity in women, and that an increase in the GL of their diet is associated with gains in adiposity over time. They also reinforce the importance of considering implausible rEI in dietary surveys in relation to metabolic disease.
Perron, Patrice. "Influence des polymorphismes de l'apolipoprotéine E et de la lipoprotéine lipase sur le phénotype de l'hypertriglycéridémie / hyperapobêtalipoprotéinémie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23952/23952.pdf.
Full textDelépine, Chloé. "Les microtubules, cibles potentielles pour le traitement du syndrome de Rett." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC153.
Full textRett syndrome (Ri I) is a severe neurodevelopmental encephalopathy affecting almost exclusively girls with an incidence of 1/15000 female birth. In more than 95% of the typical cases, Rett syndrome is associated with a mutation in the MECP2 gene (methyl-CpG binding protein 2) coding for a modulator of gene expression. Here we show that alteration of microtubule network stability in astrocytes and skin fibroblasts is a cellular phenotype associated with Mecp2/MECP2 deficiency. This alteration of microtubule dynamics triggers cellular dysfunctions in Mecp2-deficient astrocytes such as disorganization of microtubule dependent vesicular transport. Disturbances of microtubule dynamics and vesicular transport have been corrected in vitro in human and mouse astrocytes by a treatment with low level of epothilone D, a microtubule stabilizer. Moreover, a first try of in vivo epothilone D treatment was realized and indicated a beneficial effet of this molecule on Mecp2-deficient mite exploratory behavior
Blauvac, Denis. "Ataxie cérébelleuse familiale à forme autosomique dominante : discussion à propos d'une famille." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11155.
Full textTextoris, Julien. "Réponse à l'infection : apport du transcriptome." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00723077.
Full textGuis, Sandrine. "Hyperthermies malignes et pathologies du muscle strié squelettique associées à la dérégulation de l'homéostasie calcique : une étude combinant les explorations électrophysiologique, métabolique et génétique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX20652.
Full textGutierrez, Robledo Luis Miguel Francisco. "Détérioration cognitive et syndrome métabolique au Mexique : une origine commune dans des facteurs synergiques, agissant depuis la première enfance." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21223.
Full textFour characteristics define the specificities of the Mexican aging process : It high speed, the absence of relationship between an improvement of the economic situation and population aging, a difficult socio-political context and unique health status, in a sense that cohorts aged 60 years or more survived into old age thanks to medical support rather than because of the standards of living. A potential consequence is an increased frailty of the health status expressed in a greater tendency to develop chronic and degenerative diseases. Data was obtained from 4 health surveys in Mexico. We present the prevalence rates for dementia, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and their associated factors. Our results constitute preliminary evidence about the influence of early childhood health and wellbeing on the future emergence of chronic diseases related to the metabolic syndrome. Our results also suggest an association between the metabolic syndrome and dementia's prevalence and nature. The development of cognitive reserve is limited by factors related to malnutrition in childhood and this is reflected in anthropometric markers and this underdevelopment predisposes to cognitive impairment
Dombrowski, Christian. "Génération et caractérisation d'anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre la protéine FMR1 et leur utilisation pour le diagnostic du syndrome X-fragile." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/21058/21058.pdf.
Full textMeeus, Anne de. "Génétique des troubles de conduction cardiaque." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11044.
Full textMênard, Jean-Christophe. "Le syndrome de Lynch : aspects génétiques du cancer colorectal : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M003.
Full textAït, El Mkadem Samira. "Déterminisme génétique de la résistance à l'insuline : identification de défauts moléculaires dans le syndrome des ovaires polykistiques, l'obésité et le diabète sucré." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STET004T.
Full textMacari, Françoise. "Déterminisme génétique de la résistance à l'insuline : identification de défauts moléculaires dans les syndromes de type A, d'Alström et des ovaires polykystiques." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON13505.
Full textAngers, Martin. "Les facteurs de transcription impliqués dans la régulation de l'expression du gène du retard mental lié à l'X fragile-1 et du gène du récepteur B1 des bradykinines." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17873.
Full textNshimyumukiza, Léon. "Cell-free DNA-based noninvasive prenatal screening for Down syndrome in the Quebec healthcare system : health economic aspects." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27889.
Full textIntroduction: In the Province of Quebec, about 110,000 pregnant women are eligible to voluntary prenatal screening for trisomy 21(T21). Conventional screening strategies select about 4% of women for invasive fetal chromosome testing. Noninvasive prenatal testing using maternal blood cell-free DNA (NIPT) is a new highly accurate screening strategy that could reduce these invasive procedures but evidence about its health economic aspects (cost-effectiveness and affordability) is still lacking. Objectives: The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the expected health economic aspects of introducing NIPT into the Quebec trisomy 21 screening program. The first study systematically reviewed the literature of full economic evaluation studies on NIPT. The second study evaluated the expected cost-effectiveness of screening strategies incorporating NIPT, as well as conventional screening strategies. The third study evaluated the expected budget impact of implementing NIPT into the Quebec trisomy 21 screening program. Methodology: A systematic review of literature was performed for the first study. For the second and third studies, semi-Markov decision-analytic models were built to simulate the cost-effectiveness and the budget impact of NIPT for a virtual cohort of pregnant women similar to that of Quebec in terms of age and pregnancy rate by age. The main outcome for the cost-effectiveness analysis was the incremental cost per additional trisomy 21 detected. The main outcome for the budget impact analysis was the difference in the overall costs between the two alternatives: the current screening strategy vs. the most cost-effective strategy incorporating NIPT). Results: The first study included 16 studies. Results show that compared to current screening practice a universal NIPT screening program is not cost-effective. A program that offers NIPT to high risk pregnant women was found to be the most cost-effective option in the majority of studies included. The second study showed that NIPT as a second-tier test for high-risk women is cost-effective compared to screening algorithms not including NIPT. Out of 13 strategies compared, the integrated serum screening strategy followed by NIPT was the most cost-effective strategy. Other strategies can improve the number of T21 cases identified, but with increasing incremental costs per case (from $ 61,623 to $1,553,615). Results were sensitive to NIPT cost and cut-offs considered to determine high risk pregnant women. The third study found that NIPT as a second-tier test offered to high-risk women identified by the current screening program is affordable for the Quebec health care system. Compared to the current screening program, this strategy could be implemented at a neutral cost considering a modest yearly saving of $80,432 (95% CI: $79,874-$81,462). Results were sensitive to the NIPT costs and the uptake-rate of invasive diagnostic tests. Conclusion: NIPT as a second-tier test offered to high-risk women identified by the current screening program is cost-effective and affordable for the Quebec health care system. Decision makers should consider its introduction after considerations of others aspects such as ethical issues.
Gérard, Aude. "Profils psychologiques de personnes porteuses d'une maladie génétique et présentant des déficits cognitifs." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10017.
Full textGuillaudat, Edith. "Encéphalopathie familiale, progressive avec calcifications intra-craniennes. Syndrome de Fahr ?" Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2MO75.
Full textAkintayo, Ayodélé. "Caractérisation de mutations ponctuelles dans les domaines KH de la protéine FMRP." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27110/27110.pdf.
Full textProslier, Dominique. "L'atteinte rénale dans le syndrone branchio-oto-rénal." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11145.
Full textKaddoum, Lara. "La protéine MeCP2 : étude de son implication dans la réponse aux dommages à l'ADN et développement de nouveaux outils pour sa détection." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1683/.
Full textRett syndrome is a severe and progressive X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 1/10000 female birth. RTT is caused by mutations in the mecp2 gene, encoding the Methyl CpG binding Protein 2. MeCP2 binds to methylated DNA and has several roles in: transcription activation or repression, chromatin remodeling, alternative splicing of mRNA. . . Initially, my thesis project was to explore the hypothesis that MeCP2 may be able to transfer between cells. My results suggest that this phenomenon appears after cell fixation with acetone and doesn't occur in vivo. This work, however, allowed us to develop a new staining method to detect and localize proteins in mammalian cells using the split-GFP system. Within the frame of this project, I have also produced antibodies specific for each of the two MeCP2 isoforms. These novel antibodies should prove to be interesting tools to understand the role of each isoform in the pathology of Rett syndrome. More recently, my work was focalized on the relationship between MeCP2 and DNA damage. I was able to show that MeCP2 accumulates on DNA damage. Future work will be aimed at understanding the mechanisms involved in this newly uncovered function of MeCP2, and will hopefully improve our understanding of Rett syndrome pathogenesis
Moncoucy, Florence. "Le syndrome de Rett : à propos de trois cas." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M113.
Full textNicolas, Elsa. "Identification du gène responsable du syndrome CAMOS, une forme autosomique récessive d'ataxie cérébelleuse congénitale non progressive." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20707.
Full textBertrand, Clotilde. "Aspects cliniques et génétiques des cutis laxa congénitales : à propos du syndrome de Costello et du syndrome de De Barsy." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23081.
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