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Journal articles on the topic 'Synod of West Pennsylvania'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Wedgeworth, Steven. "“The Two Sons of Oil” and the Limits of American Religious Dissent." Journal of Law and Religion 27, no. 1 (January 2012): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0748081400000540.

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In the opening decades of the nineteenth century, Samuel Brown Wylie, an Irish-Presbyterian minister of a group of Scottish and Scots-Irish Presbyterians known as the Covenanters, and William Findley, a United States Congressman and also a descendant of the Covenanters, debated the Constitution's compatibility with Christianity and the proper bounds of religious uniformity in the newly founded Republic. Their respective views were diametrically opposed, yet each managed to borrow from different aspects of earlier political traditions held in common while also laying the groundwork for contrasting political positions which would more fully develop in the decades to come. And more than a few times their views seem to criss-cross, supporting contrary trajectories from what one might expect.Their narrative, in many ways strange, challenges certain “Christian” understandings of early America and the Constitution, yet it also poses a few problems for attempts at a coherent theory of secularity, natural law, and the common good in our own day.Samuel Brown Wylie is an obscure figure in American history. As a Covenanter, Wylie was forced to immigrate to America due to his involvement in the revolutionary United-Irishmen in Ulster. After finding it impossible to unite with other Presbyterians in Pennsylvania, Wylie became the first minister in the “Reformed Presbyterian Church of the United States,” which would also be called “the Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church.” According to his great-grandson, Wylie also went on to become the vice-Provost of the University of Pennsylvania.

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2

Meijer Drees, Marijke. "Tolerant, overtuigend en actueel. De Synode over gewetensvrijheid (1582) van Dirck Volkertszoon Coornhert." Neerlandica Wratislaviensia 29 (April 15, 2020): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-0716.29.13.

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In this article it is argued that the Dutch humanist Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert (1522–1590) consolidates his previous anti-dogmatic thoughts about religious tolerance in his imaginary Synod on the Freedom of Conscience (1582). In this pivotal and still relevant work, situated in a place called Freetown, leading West-European Calvinists, Roman-Catholics and biblical persons – including the sage Gamaliel, Coornhert’s alter ego – vividly discuss the absolute freedom of conscience, religion and press. Furthermore, this article argues why Coornhert’s use of the Dutch language makes the Synod still relevant today.

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3

Millar, Fergus. "Rome, Constantinople and the Near Eastern Church under Justinian: Two Synods of C.E. 536." Journal of Roman Studies 98 (November 2008): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3815/007543508786239102.

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This article surveys three important and interlinked aspects of Justinian's policy in his first decade: reconquest in the West; the establishment of a set of fundamental texts of Roman Law; and the achievement of unity of belief within the Church. In that context, it looks at the remarkable record preserved in Acta Conciliorum Oecumenicorum III, of five successive sessions of a synod held at Constantinople, and one synod in Jerusalem. Its purpose is both to illustrate contacts and influences across the Mediterranean and, more particularly, to bring out distinctive features of the Church in the Near Eastern provinces.

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4

Casello, Jeffrey M., Robert M. Wright, and Vukan R. Vuchic. "Context-Sensitive Urban Transportation Design in West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1956, no. 1 (January 2006): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198106195600121.

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5

Glenn, D. M., G. Puterka, T. Baugher, T. Unruh, and S. Drake. "Hydrophobic Particle Films Improve Tree Fruit Productivity." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 548a—548. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.548a.

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Hydrophobic particle film technology (HPF) is a developing pest control system for tree fruit production systems. Studies were established in Chile, and Washington, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia in the United States, to evaluate the effect of HPF technology on tree fruit yield and quality. Studies in Chile, Washington, and West Virginia demonstrated increased photosynthetic rate at the leaf level. Yield was increased in peaches (Chile) and apples (West Virginia), and fruit size was increased in apples (Washington and Pennsylvania). Increased red color in apple was demonstrated at all sites with reduced russetting and `Stayman' cracking in Pennsylvania. HPF technology appears to be an effective tool in reducing water and heat stress in tree fruit resulting in increased fruit quality.

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6

Fredette, Hilary, John Barnett, and Linda Blake. "Western Pennsylvania-West Virginia Chapter of ACRL Commemorates Its History." Pennsylvania Libraries: Research & Practice 1, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/palrap.2013.38.

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At its spring 2013 conference, the Western Pennsylvania-West Virginia Chapter of the Association of College and Research Libraries (WPWVC ACRL) celebrated its 60th anniversary. The organization will also commemorate its 25th anniversary this year.

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7

Lengerich, Eugene J., Thomas C. Tucker, Raymond K. Powell, Pat Colsher, Erik Lehman, Ann J. Ward, Jennifer C. Siedlecki, and Stephen W. Wyatt. "Cancer Incidence in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia: Disparities in Appalachia." Journal of Rural Health 21, no. 1 (January 2005): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2005.tb00060.x.

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8

Wegge, Simone A. "Eighteenth-century German emigrants from Hanau-Hesse: who went east and who went west." Continuity and Change 33, no. 2 (August 2018): 225–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416018000152.

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AbstractDuring the eighteenth century, Germans from the Hessian county of Hanau-Münzenberg emigrated westward to the American colonies, and east to Hungary, Russia, and other parts of Europe. Using new emigrant data, I examine their age, occupation, and emigration strategies. Those who settled in Pennsylvania were the richest of these emigrants, more likely to travel as intact families and the most networked. The poorest were the Hessians who went to Russia, mostly in 1766. A large percentage of the Hanau-Hessians settled in Pennsylvania, suggesting that eighteenth-century German emigration to Hungary and Russia has possibly been overestimated.

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9

Ramage, Joan M., Thomas W. Gardner, and Ira D. Sasowsky. "Early Pleistocene Glacial Lake Lesley, West Branch Susquehanna River valley, central Pennsylvania." Geomorphology 22, no. 1 (February 1998): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-555x(97)00053-6.

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10

Skousen, Jeff, Robert Hedin, and Ben Faulkne. "WATER QUALITY CHANGES AND COSTS OF REMINING IN PENNSYLVANIA AND WEST VIRGINIA." Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation 1997, no. 1 (1997): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21000/jasmr97010064.

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11

White, I. C. "V.-Notes on the Upper Coal Measures of West Virginia and Pennsylvania." Annals of The Lyceum of Natural History of New York 11, no. 1 (May 22, 2009): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1876.tb00061.x.

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12

Martin, Willard. "A Report on a Discussion Conference on the West Chester, Pennsylvania, Study." IALLT Journal of Language Learning Technologies 4, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/iallt.v4i1.8740.

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13

Pierce, Brenda S., Ronald W. Stanton, and Cortland F. Eble. "Facies development in the Lower Freeport coal bed, west-central Pennsylvania, U.S.A." International Journal of Coal Geology 18, no. 1-2 (July 1991): 17–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(91)90042-h.

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14

Gardner, Thomas W., Ira D. Sasowsky, and Victor A. Schmidt. "Reversed-Polarity Glacial Sediments and Revised Glacial Chronology, West Branch Susquehanna River Valley, Central Pennsylvania." Quaternary Research 42, no. 2 (September 1994): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1062.

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AbstractA new exposure of glacial and glaciolacustrine sediments at Antes Fort allows for revision of the chronology of pre-Wisconsinan glaciation in central Pennsylvania. Lacustrine sediments from a proglacial lake in the West Branch Susquehanna River valley have reversed remanent polarity with a site mean paleomagnetic declination of 193.8° and inclination of -13.1°. The magnetization is probably a true detrital remanence from the time of deposition and is not significantly affected by postdepositional diagenesis. We propose that the Antes Fort till was deposited during either pre-Illinoian glaciation F or G of G. M. Richmond and D. S. Fullerton (1986, "Quaternary Science Reviews," Vol. 5, 183-196) between 770,000 and 970,000 yr ago. We suggest that it is equivalent to the Penny Hill till in the West Branch Susquehanna River valley and tentatively correlate it westward with the reversed polarity terrace deposits and Minford Silt in western Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio; the West Lebanon till in Indiana; and the A4 tills (or possible B tills) in Iowa and Nebraska.

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15

Conzen, Michael P. "The Non‐Pennsylvania Town: Diffusion of Urban Plan Forms in the American West*." Geographical Review 96, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 183–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2006.tb00049.x.

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16

Busanus, J. W., and R. D. Hoare. "Bivalves (Mollusca) from the Mauch Chunk Group (Mississippian, Chesterian) of northern West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania." Journal of Paleontology 65, no. 03 (May 1991): 465–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000030419.

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Bivalves comprise a major component of the faunules of the Mississippian Mauch Chunk Group in northern West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania. Twenty-eight species representing 22 genera have been recognized. Of these, three new species are proposed—Limipecten greerensis, Streblochondria tiltoni, and Prothyris (Prothyris) acuticarinata.

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17

Boone, Harry N., Stacy A. Gartin, Crystal B. Wright, Layle D. Lawrence, and Kerry S. Odell. "Adult Education Philosophies Practiced By Agricultural Education Teachers In Pennsylvania, Virginia, And West Virginia." Journal of Agricultural Education 43, no. 3 (June 2002): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5032/jae.2002.03037.

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18

Hakim, Jacquelyn A., and Adenike C. Bitto. "Comprehensive Surveillance, Prevention, and Control Measures for West Nile Virus in Monroe County, Pennsylvania." Environmental Practice 6, no. 1 (March 2004): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466046604000110.

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19

Bjerstedt, Thomas W. "Latest Devonian–Earliest Mississippian nearshore trace-fossil assemblages from West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland." Journal of Paleontology 61, no. 5 (September 1987): 865–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000029279.

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Trace fossils are used in deposystem analysis of Late Devonian–Early Mississippian nearshore facies in the north-central Appalachian Basin. These nearshore facies resulted from separate transgressions during latest Devonian (Cleveland Shale) and earliest Mississippian (Sunbury Shale) time. Emphasis is placed on a well-exposed section at Rowlesburg, West Virginia, where the Oswayo, Cussewago Sandstone, and Riddlesburg Shale Members of the Price Formation are exposed.The Oswayo Member at Rowlesburg preserves an offshore-to-lower shoreface transition in a complex of euryhaline, protected-bay, lagoon, and possible estuarine facies. Cruziana is common and occurs along with Arthrophycus, Bifungites, Chondrites, Planolites, Palaeophycus, Rhizocorallium, Rosselia, Rusophycus, and Skolithos in intensely bioturbated mudstone, siltstone, and sandstone. These lithologies were deposited below fair-weather wave base and grade upsection to upper shoreface facies comprised of thick, horizontally-laminated sandstones with thinner, burrowed mudstone interbeds. Upper shoreface traces consist of Arenicolites, Cruziana, Diplocraterion, Dimorphichnus, Planolites, Thalassinoides, and Skolithos. Skolithos “pipe rock” sandstones occur at the toe of upper shoreface facies. Eastward the Oswayo Member grades into a restricted-bay facies and finally into beach and tidal flat facies near its stratigraphic wedge-out in eastern West Virginia and western Maryland. The Cussewago Sandstone Member at Rowlesburg overlies the Oswayo and is bounded at the top by a disconformity. The Cussewago contains Arenicolites, Isopodichnus, Phycodes, Planolites, and Skolithos in upper shoreface sandstones possibly related to deposition in deltaic or tidal channel systems.Regionally, the Riddlesburg Shale records a range of euryhaline environments in shallow-shelf, open-bay, and probable estuarine facies. The Riddlesburg Shale Member at Rowlesburg is comprised of dark-grey silty shales, siltstones, and hummocky cross-stratified sandstones. Trace fossils include Bergaueria, Bifungites, Fustiglyphus?, Helminthopsis, Planolites, and Skolithos. Lithofacies of the Riddlesburg Shale in West Virginia were markedly influenced by a syndepositionally active basement feature, the West Virginia Dome. Riddlesburg-age shoreface sandstones deposited on the crest of the Dome contain apparent omission surfaces with common Rhizocorallium and Arenicolites, Cruziana?, Planolites, and Skolithos.

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20

Born, Renate. "Review of Ness (1990): Changes in an obsolescing language: Pennsylvania German in West Virginia." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.7.1.22bor.

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21

Ness, Silke Van. "The Pressure of English on the Pennsylvania German Spoken in Two West Virginia Communities." American Speech 67, no. 1 (1992): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/455759.

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22

Chen, Shi, Justine I. Blanford, Shelby J. Fleischer, Michael Hutchinson, Michael C. Saunders, and Matthew B. Thomas. "Estimating West Nile Virus Transmission Period in Pennsylvania Using an Optimized Degree-Day Model." Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 13, no. 7 (July 2013): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2012.1094.

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23

Janousek, John T., Vincent A. Pellegrini, Jeffrey B. Frank, Sheldon Schlaff, Robin Rohrer, Melinda Purcell, and Therese Katzenmoyer. "Initial results of an office-based in vitro fertilization program at West Reading, Pennsylvania." Journal of In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer 5, no. 2 (April 1988): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01130671.

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24

Law, Mark D., and Gary Robson. "A Case Study For Accounting Information Systems A Business Continuity Plan For Protecting Critical Financial Information In The NYC Financial Services Industry." Review of Business Information Systems (RBIS) 18, no. 1 (April 23, 2014): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/rbis.v18i1.8539.

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This case study outlines a project launched by the Wall Street West organization, a data redundancy system in Northeastern Pennsylvania which provides backdrop for financial institutions located in New York City. The purpose of this study is threefold. First, the history on the importance of business continuity plans in a post 9/11 world is explored. Second, the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Securities and Exchange Commission recommendations regarding Disaster Recover, in addition to the requirements of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, are reviewed. Lastly, an overview of Wall Street Wests effort is provided, looking at some of the strategic advantages to locate in Northeastern Pennsylvania and demonstrating the important resources provided by Wall Street West to protect the nations national security. Conclusions and case use recommendations are presented as this case is ideally suited for use in an Accounting Information Systems course at either the undergraduate or graduate level creating an awareness of the importance of business continuity planning.

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25

Reeves, R. Marcel. "Carabodes niger Banks, C. polyporetes n.sp., and unverified records of C. areolatus Berlese (Acari: Oribatida: Carabodidae) in North America." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 2925–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-413.

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Adults and immatures of Carabodes polyporetes n.sp. are described and the adults are compared with those of Carabodes niger Banks. The distribution of C. niger is corrected, from Nova Scotia south along the Atlantic Coast to South Carolina, west from Pennsylvania to Missouri and Arkansas; the distribution of C. polyporetes is from Newfoundland west to Manitoba and south to North Carolina and Arkansas. Adults of both species are abundant in forest leaf litter, decayed wood, and polyporous fungi. The occurrence of Carabodes areolatus Berlese in North America is shown to be undocumented.

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26

Collins, Kathleen A. "Constitutional Law: U.S. Supreme Court Clarifies Procedural Requirements for Workers’ Compensation Benefits Claim." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 27, no. 2 (June 1999): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1073110500012936.

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The U.S. Supreme Court held, in American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance Co. v. Sullivan, 119 S. Ct. 988 (1999), that state workers’ compensation system insurers cannot be sued for withholding health care benefits for work-related injuries while they decide whether the treatment is “reasonable” and “necessary.” The respondents, ten employees and two organizations representing employees who received medical benefits under the Workers’ Compensation Act, brought a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action against state officials, the Pennsylvania State Workers’ Insurance Fund, private insurers, and the school district, alleging that their due process rights were violated by provisions of the Pennsylvania Workers’ Compensation Act (Act), 77 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 1 et seq. (West 1992 & Supp. 1998). The Act permits suspension of benefits without notice or opportunity to be heard pursuant to a “utilization review” process.To control costs, Pennsylvania amended its workers’ compensation system in 1993. Under the Act, an employer or its insurer must pay for all reasonable and necessary medical treatment.

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27

Kornilov, Alexandr. "Educator S. N. Bogolyubov and his remarks about the parish schools of the Russian Orthodox Church in the states of New York and Pennsylvania (1962—1968)." INTELLIGENTSIA AND THE WORLD, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46725/iw.2020.3.7.

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The article studies publications of Semyon Nikolayevich Bogolyubov, 1889—1971, an outstanding educator of Russian Abroad. These publications were devoted to his trips to parish schools of the Russian Church Abroad (ROCOR). The educator S. N. Bogolyubov served in the 1960s as Chief Clerk of the Educational Council under Synod of Bishops of the Russian Church Abroad. In order to maintain effective control over and to improve learning process the teacher visited a few parish schools in 1962—1968. In particular, he visited such famous parishes in the states of New York and Pennsylvania as the Holy Protection Church in Nyack, the Joy of All Who Sorrow Church in Philadelphia, the St. Vladimir Parish of the same city, and the Convent of New Diveyevo in Spring Valley. S. N. Bogolyubov reflected some results of his trips in reports which were published by the Orthodox Russia journal, the print organ of the ROCOR St. Trinity Monastery in Jordanville, New York. Reading and analysis of the Bogolyubov publications give researcher an opportunity to reconstruct the little-known activities of this activist of Church and community, to show the daily work of the parish schools, to identify challenges and achievements that the parish institutions of educations had, to get to know the features of the most successful school teachers. The above issues have not yet been addressed in the studies of Russian historians and specialists on history of intelligentsia. That is why this article seems relevant. The author used methods of criticism of historical source as well as methods of induction and deduction. The author came to the conclusion that the parish schools of New York and Pennsylvania performed an important function, namely, they conserved and supported Russian ethnic and religious identity among Russian youth. During the trips to schools, the teacher opened and published the most successful methods of education. Hierarchs of the Church Abroad highly appreciated the activities of the teacher and recommended that parishes make wide use of pedagogical methods of Bogolyubov.

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28

Medica, Darcy L., and Keith L. Bildstein. "Annual Variation in West Nile Virus Antibodies in American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) in Eastern Pennsylvania." Journal of Raptor Research 43, no. 4 (December 2009): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3356/jrr-08-76.1.

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29

Wallace, Matthew S., Charles R. Bartlett, Lewis L. Deitz, and Mark J. Rothschild. "New State Records of Treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) for Delaware, Maryland, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, And West Virginia." Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 111, no. 3 (July 2009): 734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797-111.3.734.

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30

Lucas, Spencer G. "Vertebrate biostratigraphy and biochronology of the upper Paleozoic Dunkard Group, Pennsylvania–West Virginia–Ohio, USA." International Journal of Coal Geology 119 (November 2013): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2013.04.007.

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31

Weedman, Mark. "Hilary and the Homoiousians: Using New Categories to Map the Trinitarian Controversy." Church History 76, no. 3 (September 2007): 491–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700500559.

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Hilary of Poitiers and Basil of Ancyra were unlikely companions. The former was a Latin bishop from a backwater part of Gaul who had only recently become immersed in the Trinitarian controversy. The latter was a leading figure in the East, schooled in classical Greek theology and a veteran in the ongoing struggle over the nature of God. It is also true that their political fortunes diverged significantly. Though both Hilary and Basil's parties “lost” at the Synod of Constantinople in 360, Basil thereafter slipped into obscurity while Hilary's pro-Nicenes would eventually secure political and theological victory in 381. This pairing is so unlikely, in fact, that scholars have long been reluctant to acknowledge the depth of Hilary's relationship with Basil. Among other issues, such a relationship creates a number of historiographical problems by challenging the traditional mapping of the various theological and political alignments of the mid-fourth century. In the traditional version, Hilary is commonly portrayed as the “Athanasius of the West,” who, in the late 350s, emerged as the leading supporter of the pro-Nicenes in the West. Basil, on the other hand, is regarded as a “semi-Arian,” who rejected the Nicene doctrine that the Son was homoousios to the Father, preferring instead to call the Son “like according to substance” (homoios kat’ ousian).

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32

Adams, Sean Patrick. "Old Dominions and Industrial Commonwealths: The Political Economy of Coal in Virginia and Pennsylvania, 1810–1875." Enterprise & Society 1, no. 4 (December 2000): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/1.4.675.

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During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, Great Britain utilized its extensive coal reserves to emerge as the world's leading industrial power. “If a patch of a few square miles has done so much for central England,” one British writer pondered in 1856, “what may fields containing many hundred square leagues do for the United States?” In the story of American coal, the two most important states on the eve of the nineteenth century were Virginia and Pennsylvania. Virginia was endowed with bituminous coal reserves in both the James River Basin and its western counties, while Pennsylvania enjoyed a virtual monopoly on American anthracite coal as well as a massive bituminous region west of the Allegheny Mountains.

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33

Fox, Yaniv. "“Sent from the Confines of Hell”." Studies in Late Antiquity 2, no. 3 (2018): 316–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sla.2018.2.3.316.

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The Bonosiacs were the followers of Bonosus, a fourth-century bishop from Naissus, whom the Synod of Capua had branded a heretic in 391 or 392. They make an unexpected appearance in sources from the Burgundian, Visigothic, and Merovingian kingdoms (ca. 500 – 636). This article claims that, as a distinct community, the Bonosiacs were never a part of the religious landscape of the sixth- and seventh-century West. Rather, the term “Bonosiacs” was used in the letters of Avitus of Vienne (494/6 – 518), in conciliar legislation, and in penitential and hagiographical compositions as a means of expressing the needs of the ecclesiastical elite, primarily to exclude those who would challenge institutional power. The image that arises from these sources of Bonosiacs, and of heretics more generally, is often helpfully contextualized by examining the political background. In a body of work that reflects a century of theological thought, heresiology was ultimately circumscribed by power dynamics, in which the boundaries of orthodoxy were negotiated with an eye toward the material.

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34

Albers, Geriann, John W. Edwards, Richard E. Rogers, and Lauren L. Mastro. "Natality of Yearling Coyotes in West Virginia." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/072015-jfwm-063.

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Abstract Minimal information is available regarding the reproduction of coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Mid-Atlantic region, which includes the states of Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Since reproductive information is useful to assess populations and determine management strategies and because this information is unavailable for the Mid-Atlantic, we examined uterine tracts of 66 female coyotes collected from February to May 2010 for fetuses. We measured fetuses using a digital caliper and approximated dates of conception and parturition. Nine (13.6%) female coyotes were pregnant with visible fetuses; seven of these females were yearlings (1.5–2.5 y old). Average litter size of yearling coyotes was 5.4 (SE = 0.48). We estimated an average conception date of 2 February and an average parturition date of 6 April. Conception and parturition dates were within the reported range for coyotes, though one female successfully bred in early January, which is earlier than reported in the literature. The relatively high proportion (30.4%) of yearling females breeding in West Virginia may reflect abundant food resources, low density of coyotes, increasing human-caused mortality, or a combination of these factors. Reproductive information reported here will be helpful in monitoring coyote population trends and in the assessment of management strategies.

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35

Flannery, Maura. "Naming a genus for William Darlington: a case study in botanical eponymy." Archives of Natural History 46, no. 1 (April 2019): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2019.0555.

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In 1853, the American botanist John Torrey described a new genus of pitcher plant, naming it Darlingtonia (Sarraceniaceae). The plant had been collected near Mount Shasta in California in 1841 by William Brackenridge, a member of the Wilkes Expedition. The name honoured William Darlington (1782–1863), a Pennsylvania physician and botanist who had traded information and specimens with Torrey for many years. Darlington considered a genus eponym as a distinct honour. The genus name Darlingtonia, however, had been used twice before, but the plants were shown to belong to Desmanthus (Leguminosae) and Styrax (Styracaceae). A letter in the William Darlington Herbarium at West Chester University, Pennsylvania, reveals Torrey's efforts to ease Darlington's fears that the same fate would befall the name of the Californian pitcher plant.

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36

Schaefer, Paul W., RogerW Fuester, Philip B. Taylor, Susan E. Barth, Edward E. Simons, E. Michael Blumenthal, Elizabeth M. Handley, Thomas B. Finn, and Ernest W. Elliott. "Current Distribution and Historical Range Expansion of Calosoma sycophanta (L.) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in North America." Journal of Entomological Science 34, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 339–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-34.3.339.

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Since the intentional introduction, release, and establishment of the lymantriid predator, Calosoma sycophanta (L.), in 1906–07 in the vicinity of Boston, MA, its range has continued to expand. Compilation of collection localities, all intentional releases in North America, and museum collection records permitted documentation of spread over time and a crude straight line estimate of the rate of dispersion, calculated at 6 km/year. Trapping and other collection records in recent years permitted an approximation of the current distribution, which now extends from southern Maine and all New England states south into Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and West Virginia. During 15 years of trapping at one New Jersey site and in the mid-Atlantic states, we collectively placed 3,792 traps in 253 locations. We captured 12,117 C. sycophanta, most of which were immediately released on location. Of those that were sexed (4,160), 74.3% were males. We recorded new state records for Delaware, Maryland, and West Virginia. Other species trapped include C. scrutator (200 specimens, most in New Jersey), C. wilcoxi (12, most in Delaware), C. frigidum (896, most in Pennsylvania) and C. calidum (22, most in Virginia).

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Aldrich, Mark. "The Great Sidetrack War: In Which Downtown Merchants and thePhiladelphia North AmericanDefeat the Pennsylvania Railroad, 1903–1904." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 13, no. 4 (October 2014): 500–531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781414000395.

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On November 21, 1903, the Pennsylvania Railroad announced that its north-south through trains would no longer enter Broad Street Station in downtown Philadelphia and would stop instead at West Philadelphia. Nor would the company sell tickets from that station to downtown. These schedule changes, which seemed minor to the company and were intended to reduce congestion in the central city, threatened downtown merchants and manufacturers who worried that buyers would shift to more accessible cities. Philadelphia had been sidetracked, theNorth Americanreported. The result was an eruption of boycotts, protests, and petitions that pitted nearly every local trade association against the railroad. Encouraged by theNorth American's editorials, partisan reporting, and stinging cartoons, the protesters forced the Pennsylvania to back down, and in March 1904, through trains returned to Broad Street. The newspaper cloaked this local business dispute in the language of antimonopoly, linking the fears of small businessmen to national anti-railroad concerns. The sidetrack episode also helped launch modern corporate public relations, as the Pennsylvania—stung by this threat to corporate autonomy—soon hired Ivy Lee as its first publicity agent.

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Houston, David R. "Temporal and spatial shift within the Nectria pathogen complex associated with beech bark disease of Fagusgrandifolia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 960–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-126.

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Beech bark disease occurs when either Nectriagalligena Bres., or Nectriacoccinea var. faginata Lohman, Watson, and Ayers kills bark that is or has been infested and altered by the beech scale, Cryptococcusfagisuga (Lind.). Introduced to Nova Scotia around 1890, this insect now occurs as far southwest as Ohio, West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina. I determined the relative occurrence of the two pathogens in forests affected for varying times and the temporal changes in their relative occurrence in recently affected stands of the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia (MNF). Stands in the Canadian Maritimes, New England, New York, and Pennsylvania were sampled in 1985–1986; and in the Catskill Park, New York in 1988 and 1991. Stands on the MNF were sampled in 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1988, and 1991. The following trends were indicated: N. galligena dominated recently affected stands in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and N. coccinea var. faginata dominated long-affected stands in Canada, New England, and New York. On the MNF, only N. galligena was isolated in 1982; by 1988, N. coccinea var. faginata was isolated from 8 of 16 stands and from all 16 stands in 1991. Stands where N. galligena persisted had higher proportions of tree species highly susceptible to N. galligena than stands dominated quickly by N. coccinea var. faginata. Once present, however, N. coccinea var. faginata eventually will replace N. galligena as the dominant pathogen.

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Lucas, Spencer G., Albert D. Kollar, David S. Berman, and Amy C. Henrici. "Pelycosaurian-Grade (Amniota: Synapsida) Footprints from the Lower Permian Dunkard Group of Pennsylvania and West Virginia." Annals of Carnegie Museum 83, no. 4 (August 2016): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2992/007.083.0404.

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Ruppert, Leslie F., Jean A. Minkin, James J. McGee, and C. Blaine Cecil. "An unusual occurrence of arsenic-bearing pyrite in the Upper Freeport coal bed, west-central Pennsylvania." Energy & Fuels 6, no. 2 (March 1992): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00032a002.

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Newlin, Jessica T., and Benjamin R. Hayes. "Hydraulic modeling of glacial dam‐break floods on the West Branch of the Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania." Earth and Space Science 2, no. 7 (July 2015): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015ea000096.

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Ng, On-cho. "An International Conference on “Hermeneutics East and West” The Pennsylvania State University, May 16-17, 2014." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 40 (December 2013): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6253.12082.

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43

Lass, Norman J., Charles M. Woodford, Conrad Lundeen, Phylisa J. English, John F. Schmitt, and Mary Pannbacker. "Health Educators' Knowledge of Hearing, Hearing Loss, and Hearing Health Practices." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 21, no. 2 (April 1990): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2102.85.

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A questionnaire on hearing, hearing loss, and hearing health practices was constructed by the authors and completed by 89 school health educators in West Virginia, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. Results of their responses indicate some deficiencies in knowledge of hearing, hearing loss, and the effect of noise on hearing. Implications of these findings and suggestions for preservice and continuing education programs for school health educators are discussed.

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Crouse, James W. "NATIONAL STRIKE FORCE EMPLOYMENT IN HUMANITARIAN RELIEF: MONONGAHELA RIVER OIL SPILL1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-81.

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ABSTRACT In January 1988, 3.9 million gallons of diesel fuel were released from an Ashland Oil Company oil storage tank. Of that amount, approximately 770,000 gallons entered the Monongahela River near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The U.S. Coast Guard Atlantic Area Strike Team was called in to assist the first federal official on scene, U.S. Coast Guard Captain of the Port-Marine Safety Office (MSO) in Pittsburgh, and subsequently the predesignated federal on-scene coordinator (OSC) provided by the Environmental Protection Agency Region III. Among the duties performed by the strike team were providing a temporary water supply to the city of Wheeling, West Virginia, and attempting to supply Robinson Township, Pennsylvania. This paper is an evaluation of the events and logistics, and an assessment of how federal services could be used in this manner with no obstruction to commercial interests.

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Kubiske, Mark E., Marc D. Abrams, and James C. Finley. "Keepability of Pennsylvania versus West Coast Grown Douglas-Fir Christmas Trees: Genotypic Variation in Relation to Subfreezing Temperatures." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 7, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/7.2.86.

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Abstract Cut Douglas-fir Christmas trees grown in Pennsylvania from Rocky Mountain seed sources and coastal trees grown in the Pacific Northwest and shipped into Pennsylvania were compared for keepability. Following various cold treatments, the cut ends of trees were placed in water in an indoor display area. Coastal trees placed in a freezer at - 29°C for 24 h had 89 ± 5.1% (mean ± standard error) needle loss after one day of display, while Rocky Mountain origin trees exhibited only 3 ± 2.0% needle loss after 1 day and 50 ± 5.6% needle loss after 18 days. Coastal produced trees exposed to temperatures > - 12°C had 50 ± 9.8% needle loss at the end of the experiment, while Rocky Mountain trees ended with 22 ± 3.2% needle loss. Four additional treatments consisted of trees placed on an outdoor lot and periodically moved indoors to simulate Christmas tree market activity. Again, there was a significant difference between trees from coastal and Rocky Mountain sources, with 57.2 ± 4.3% and 11.8 ± 1.2% needle loss after 3 days, respectively. By the end of the 23 day experiment, the coastal trees were essentially devoid of needles, whereas Rocky Mountain trees had an average of only 20% needle loss. Coastal trees also exhibited a very noticeable loss of color and lustre. North. J. Appl. For. 7:86-89, June 1990.

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Skvarla, Michael J., Ron Ochoa, Andrew Ulsamer, and James Amrine. "The eriophyid mite Aculops ailanthi Lin, Jin, & Kuang, 1997 (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) from tree-of-heaven in the United States – new state records and morphological observations." Acarologia 61, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20214421.

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We report Aculops ailanthi Lin, Jin, and Kuang, 1997 (Acariformes: Trombidiformes: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) from Pennsylvania and West Virginia, USA; present the first scanning electron micrographs of the species in North America and discuss morphological observations that clarify features observed in slide-mounted specimens, such as the number ridges on female genital flaps; and briefly discuss symptoms and control of an A. ailanthi infestation on greenhouse-grown tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae).

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Medica, Darcy L., Rachael Clauser, and Keith Bildstein. "Prevalence of West Nile Virus Antibodies in a Breeding Population of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) in Pennsylvania." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 43, no. 3 (July 2007): 538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-43.3.538.

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Ren, Xinrong, Dolly L. Hall, Timothy Vinciguerra, Sarah E. Benish, Philip R. Stratton, Doyeon Ahn, Jonathan R. Hansford, et al. "Methane Emissions from the Marcellus Shale in Southwestern Pennsylvania and Northern West Virginia Based on Airborne Measurements." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124, no. 3 (February 5, 2019): 1862–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018jd029690.

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Spiker, Elliott C., Brenda S. Pierce, Anne L. Bates, and Ronald W. Stanton. "Isotopic evidence for the source of sulfur in the Upper Freeport coal bed (west-central Pennsylvania, U.S.A.)." Chemical Geology 114, no. 1-2 (May 1994): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90045-0.

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Munger, Frank. "Legal Resources of Striking Miners: Notes for a Study of Class Conflict and Law." Social Science History 15, no. 1 (1991): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320002099x.

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Union miners stand together,Heed no operator’s tale.Keep your hands upon the dollar,And your eyes upon the scale.—verse from “Miner’s Lifeguard” [Silverman 1975: 389]In 1895, Fayette County, West Virginia, a leading coal county in the southern West Virginia coal fields, experienced widespread strikes by miners. The strikes were remarkable because, in an American industry known for violent labor relations and intensive union organizing since the appearance of the Molly Maguires in Pennsylvania before 1880, this was the first major strike in southern West Virginia. We might attempt to understand the role of law and public authority in these strikes in terms of legal repression by means of the labor injunction, labor conspiracy laws, and strikebreaking by the police and military. But none of these occurred in Fayette in 1895, though the later history of labor conflict in West Virginia is replete with all of them. In another way, however, the legal events accompanying these strikes are far more remarkable and challenge us to examine more subtle connections between class conflict and law.

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