Academic literature on the topic 'Synodontis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Synodontis"
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Fahmi, Melta Rini, Ruby Vidia Kusumah, Idil Ardi, Shofihar Sinansari, and Eni Kusrini. "DNA BARCODING IKAN HIAS INTRODUKSI." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 12, no. 1 (2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.12.1.2017.29-40.
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Identifikasi spesies menjadi tantangan dalam pengelolaan ikan hias introduksi baik untuk tujuan budidaya maupun konservasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi molekuler ikan hias introduksi yang beredar di pembudidaya dan pasar ikan hias Indonesia dengan menggunakan barcode DNA gen COI. Sampel ikan diperoleh dari pembudidaya dan importir ikan hias di kawasan Bandung dan Jakarta. Total DNA diekstraksi dari jaringan sirip ekor dengan menggunakan metode kolom. Amplifikasi gen target dilakukan dengan menggunakan primer FishF1, FishF2, FishR1, dan FishR2. Hasil pembacaan untai DNA disejajarkan dengan sekuen yang terdapat pada genbank melalui program BLAST. Identifikasi dilakukan melalui kekerabatan pohon filogenetik dan presentasi indeks kesamaan dengan sekuen genbank. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan sampel yang diuji terbagi menjadi lima grup, yaitu: Synodontis terdiri atas lima spesies, Corydoras: empat spesies, Phseudoplatystoma: tiga spesies, Botia: tiga spesies, dan Leporinus: tiga spesies dengan nilai boostrap 99-100. Indeks kesamaan sekuen menunjukkan sebanyak 11 spesies memiliki indeks kesamaan 99%-100% dengan data genbank yaitu Synodontis decorus, Synodontis eupterus, Synodontis greshoffi, Botia kubotai, Botia lohachata, Rasbora erythromicron, Corydoras aeneus, Gyrinocheilus aymonieri, Eigenmannia virescens, Leporinus affinis, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus. Dua spesies teridentifikasi sebagai hasil hibridisasi (kawin silang) yaitu Leopard catfish (100% identik dengan Pseudoplatystoma faciatum) dan Synodontis leopard (100% identik dengan Synodontis notatus). Hasil analisis nukleotida penciri diperoleh tujuh nukleotida untuk Synodontis decora, 10 nukleotida untuk Synodontis tanganyicae, 13 nukleotida untuk Synodontis euterus, empat nukleotida untuk Synodontis notatus, dan 14 untuk Synodontis grashoffi. Kejelasan identifikasi spesies ikan menjadi kunci utama dalam budidaya, perdagangan, manajemen, konservasi, dan pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan.Species identification becomes a new challenge in the management of ornamental fish either for cultivation, or for conservation proposes. The objective of this study was to identify currently existing introduced ornamental fish in Indonesian farmers and markets using DNA barcodes COI gene. Fish samples were collected from farmers and importers of ornamental fish in Bandung and Jakarta. Total genome was extracted from caudal fin tissue using the column method. Amplification of the target gene was done by using FishF1, FishF2, FishR1, and FishR2 primers. DNA sequence was aligned with the sequences from genbank by BLAST program. Species identification was decided through the phylogenetic tree and similarity index with genbank sequences. The results showed that all of tested samples fall into five groups; Synodontis consisted of five species, Corydoras four species, Phseudoplatystoma four species, Botia three species, and Leporinus three species with 99-100 boostrap value. Sequence similarity index showed around 11 species have 99%-100% similarity index with sequence data on genbank which are Synodontis decorus, Synodontis eupterus, Synodontis greshoffi, Botia kubotai, Botia lohachata, Rasbora erythromicron, Corydoras aeneus, Gyrinocheilus aymonieri, Eigenmannia virescens, Leporinus affinis, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus. Two species were identified as hybridization product (interbreeding) including leopard catfish (100% identical with Pseudoplatystoma faciatum) and the leopard Synodontis (100% identical with Synodontis notatus). Analysis of nucleotide diagnostic showed Synodontis decora has seven nucleotides diagnostic, Synodontis tanganyicae 10 nucleotides, Synodontis euterus 13 nucleotides, Synodontis notatus four nucleotides, and Synodontis grashoffi 14 nucleotides. The correct identification of fish species is a useful tool for aquaculture, global marketing, management or conservation, and academic/scientific purpose.
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Dhewantara, Yudha Lestira, and Firsty Rahmatia. "Rekayasa Maturasi Menggunakan Hormon Oodev Terhadap Ikan Synodontis (Synodontis Sp)." Akuatika Indonesia 2, no. 1 (2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jaki.v2i1.23409.
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Pematangan gonad merupakan salah satu fase penting pada siklus reproduksi ikan.Upaya hormonal memang bisa mempercepat proses pematangan dan pemijahan serta membantu pemijahan ikan yang sulit memijah bila tidak berada dalam habitatnya. Ikan synodontis memang mampu memijah sepanjang tahun. Namun, masalah yang muncul adalah kualitas hasil pemijahannya yang tidak selalu sama atau stabil, salah satu contoh hormon yang bisa digunakan adalah oodev yang mengandung Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG), hormon ini banyak mengandung unsur daya kerja Folicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) yang berperan dalam pematangan gonad awal atau vitelogenesis. Penyerapan vitelogenin akan membuat oosit mencapai ukuran tertentu yang kemudian siap untuk diovulasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penyuntikan oodev terhadap kinerja reproduksi dan maturasi ikan synodontis. Calon induk ikan synodontis diberi perlakuan dengan injeksi hormonal dengan: K1 (tanpa pemberian hormon/kontrol), A1 (Dosis 0,5 mL/kg), A2 (Dosis 1 mL/kg), A3 (Dosis 1,5 mL/kg), dan A4 (2 mL/kg). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Induksi maturasi ikan synodontis dapat dilakukan dengan penyuntikkan OODEV (1,5 mL/kg bobot tubuh) sebanyak empat kali secara berkala selama empat minggu.
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Nurhidayat, Yudha Lestira Dhewantara, and Firsty Rahmatia. "Rekayasa Rematurasi Ikan Synodontis Menggunakan Hormon Oodev Pada Dosis Berbeda Melalui Penyuntikan." Jurnal Ilmiah Satya Minabahari 2, no. 2 (2017): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.53676/jism.v2i2.37.
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Ikan synodontis merupakan salah satu ikan hias yang banyak digemari dan diminati oleh para pecinta ikan. Hal ini mengindikasikan kebutuhan benih juga akan meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Namun masalah yang muncul adalah kualitas hasil pemijahannya yang tidak terlalu sama atau stabil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji penyuntikan oodev terhadap kinerja mengkaji penyuntikan oodev terhadap kinerja reproduksi dan maturasi ikan synodontis. Calon induk ikan synodontis diberi perlakuan dengan injeksi hormonal dengan: K1 (tanpa pemberian hormon/kontrol), A1 (Dosis 0,5 mL/kg), A2 (Dosis 1 mL/kg), A3 (Dosis 1,5 mL/kg), dan A4 (2 mL/kg). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rekayasa rematurasi ikan synodontis dapat dilakukan dengan penyuntikkan OODEV (1,5 mL/kg bobot tubuh) sebanyak empat kali secara berkala selama empat minggu.
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CHAMBRIER, ALAIN DE, TOMÁŠ SCHOLZ, ZUHEIR N. MAHMOUD, JEAN MARIAUX, and MILOSLAV JIRKŮ. "Tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea) of Synodontis spp. (Siluriformes) in Africa: survey of species and their redescriptions." Zootaxa 2976, no. 1 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2976.1.1.
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Proteocephalidean tapeworms parasitic in Synodontis spp. (Siluriformes: Mochokidae) in Africa are critically reviewed based on examination of their type specimens and extensive new material from Kenya and Sudan. Proteocephalus synodontis Woodland, 1925 and Proteocephalus membranacei Troncy, 1978 are considered to be valid and both species are redescribed. Proteocephalus synodontis differs from congeners parasitic in other African freshwater fishes, including P. membranacei, in the possession of an extraordinarily developed inner longitudinal musculature formed by massive bundles of muscle fibres. A considerable variability was found in the size (35–140 × 30–75 μm) and shape (from elongate, tear-shaped to spherical) of the apical organ, which was present in all specimens from the Nile River basin in the Sudan, but absent in all but two juvenile specimens from Lake Turkana in Kenya. A congruent low molecular variability was also observed and these slight morphological and genetic differences may indicate ongoing allopatric speciation of tapeworms from the two previously connected basins. Nevertheless, all tapeworms were identical in all other morphological and molecular characteristics and are considered conspecific. Proteocephalus largoproglottis Troncy, 1978 from Synodontis membranacea from Lake Chad is synonymized with P. membranacei described from the same host and locality. Proteocephalus synodontis and P. membranacei differ from each other in the development of the inner longitudinal musculature, shape of the scolex and presence of weakly developed, almost indistinguishable ventral osmoregulatory canals in the latter species.
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Mbondo, Jonathan A., Jacques Nack, Arnold R. Bitja Nyom, Antoine Pariselle, and Charles F. Bilong Bilong. "New species of Synodontella (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae) gill parasites of two Synodontis spp. (Pisces, Mochokidae) from the Boumba River (Congo Basin, East Cameroon)." Parasite 26 (2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2019037.
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Three new species of Synodontella Dossou & Euzet, 1993 are described from two species of Synodontis (Mochokidae) collected from the middle course of the Boumba River (East Cameroon): Synodontella angustupenis n. sp. from Synodontis nummifer, Synodontella longipenis n. sp. and Synodontella simplex n. sp. from Synodontis decorus. These new species are different from the other Synodontella species already described due to their horseshoe-shaped dorsal transverse bars. Synodontella angustupenis differs from S. longipenis and S. simplex by the morphology of its penis, a thin tube, and its accessory piece, bifid at its extremity. Synodontella longipenis differs from the other two species by the morphology and the size of its male copulatory organ, which is very long. Synodontella simplex differs from S. angustupenis and S. longipenis by the shape of its penis, which is simple, and of its accessory piece, with a developed heel. The difference between the dorsal transverse bars of Synodontella species from the Sanaga River in Cameroon (and other localities in Africa), slightly curved, and those from the Boumba River, horseshoe-shaped, makes it possible to separate Synodontella species into two different subgroups. This difference can be explained by a long isolation period of the hosts, living in different river basins, followed by the divergence of the parasite populations (vicariant speciation).
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van der Bank, F. H. "Allozyme variation in Synodontis leopardinus (Pisces, Siluriformes)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 105, no. 2 (1993): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(93)90237-y.
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Nurhadi, S., S. Murniasih, and N. N. Dewi. "The effect of different feeding on growth, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency in synodontis (Synodontis eupterus) seed." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 718, no. 1 (2021): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/718/1/012092.
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Haruna, Auwalu. "STOMACH CONTENT ANALYSIS OF SOME SELECTED FISH SPECIES FROM GILIMA RIVER, TAURA LOCAL GOVERNMENT, JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 4, no. 3 (2015): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v4i3.4277.
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Four hundred (400) samples comprising eighty (80) samples each from five different species of Oreochromis niloticus, Bagrus bayad, Lates niloticus, Hydrocynus brevis and Synodontis vermiculatus were collected in batches using gill nets from 24th March -16th September, 2014; food and feeding habits were then assessed by analyzing the stomach content. The samples ranged in size from 525cm total length and 4.745g in weight. The stomach content analysis using frequency of occurrence method revealed that Oreochromis niloticus were herbivorous with dietary preference for plants and plant materials (47.27%), detritus (23.21%) and unidentifiable materials (6.06%), Bagrus bayad as carnivorous with dietary preference for fishes (52.17%), insects (23.57%), detritus (7.50%), Lates niloticus were also carnivorous with fishes (62.00%), fish parts (31.30%), insects (4.6%), Hydrocynus brevis proved carnivorous with dietary preference for fishes (42.16%), fish parts (17.83%), and Synodontis vermiculatus as an omnivore with dietary preference of plant materials (18.71%), fishes (12.69%), insect (12.19%) and detritus (17.48%).
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Ekinadose Orose, Edafe Odioko, and Okechukwu Kenneth Wokeh. "Catalogue of Some Saltwater and Freshwater Fish Species of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 9, no. 3 (2021): 056–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.9.3.0075.
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The study was done to review some saltwater and freshwater fish species in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The Niger Delta is one of the most prominent regions in Nigeria, endowed with several water bodies that are distributed as freshwater like rivers, lakes, streams and creeks. These freshwater ecosystems in the region, are abundantly endowed with fish species such as Clarias gariepinus, Pila ovate, Labeo coubie, Synodontis budgetti and Synodontis eupterus. Apart from the freshwaters, the region also has vast marine ecosystem with abundance of fish species such as Elops lacerta, Mugil cephalus, Thais coronata, Periophthalmus papilio, Tympanotonus fuscatus, and Sardinella maderensis. Unfortunately, many of these fish species are endangered due to constant pollution in the Niger delta regional coastal environment. As a result, it is important to document some available freshwater and marine water fish species which will serve as a reference material for both academics and research institutions, should any of the fish species go into extinction.
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Day, Julia J., and Mark Wilkinson. "On the origin of the Synodontis catfish species flock from Lake Tanganyika." Biology Letters 2, no. 4 (2006): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0532.
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Species flocks within Great Lakes provide unique insights into the factors affecting diversification. Lake Tanganyika (LT) is of particular interest because it contains many endemic groups for which general factors affecting diversification can be discerned. Here, we present the first phylogenetic study of the LT Synodontis (Siluriformes, Mochokidae) species flock using mtDNA sequence data. Our data reveal some previously unrecognized species diversity and indicate that the LT species flock is not monophyletic, and that two closely related clades of endemics may have independently colonized LT. Other comparable small species flocks are characterized by a single colonization event. Molecular date estimates of the timing of the initial within-lake diversification of the LT endemics, based on a fossil calibration, are comparable to those reported for other groups, suggesting that extrinsic factors maybe important common causes of clade diversification. The basal divergence in the sampled Synodontis reveals an East–West African faunal split seen in many terrestrial, but few aquatic groups, the timing of which coincides with East African rifting events.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Synodontis"
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Wright, Jeremy J. "Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Teleostei: Mochokidae)." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013900.
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White, Peter Nevins. "A taxonomic revision of the genus Synodontis (Pisces, Mochokidae) in Southern Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001969.
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The alpha taxonomy of the southern African Synodontis is reviewed, based on the analysis of 48 characters. The previously descriptive characters of barbel branching and humeral process shape are compared by various quantitative methods. The variation in colour pattern is recorded with the aid of detailed line drawings. The definitions of head length, head width and humeral process length are altered slightly from their traditional descriptions to ensure greater consistency and precision in measurement. New characters include the size of the caudal fork, the number, shape and arrangement of the premaxillary teeth, and two measurements between the cranium and pectoral girdle. Both uni- and bivariate methods are used to record and compare the intraspecific variation of each character. Principal components analysis of 19 morphometric characters is used to assess the degree of similarity of nine allopatric populations of S. zambezensis. Ten species are recognized from the study area, two of which are described as new: S. nebulosus Peters 1852, S. zambezensis Peters 1852, S. nigromaculatus Boulenger 1905, S. njassae Keilhack 1908, S. woosnami Boulenger 1911, S. macrostigma Boulenger 1911, S. leopardinus Pellegrin 1914, S. thamalakanensis Fowler 1935, S. macrostoma sp.n. and S.vanderwaali sp.n. A key to their identification is provided. Characters are discussed in terms of their contribution to the identification of the southern African species and, where possible, suggestions made concerning the value of these characters to the taxonomy of the genus as a whole. The rejection of certain characters previously used in Synodontis keys is discussed and alternatives proposed. The state of southern African Synodontis taxonomy is assessed and recommendations for future research are given
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Pinton, Aurélie. "Anatomie, systématique et phylogénie de poissons Synodontis actuels et fossiles (Siluriformes, Mochokidae) : implications dans la paléobiogéographie intracontinentale néogène d' Afrique." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Pinton-Aurelie/2008-Pinton-Aurelie-These.pdf.
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Les découvertes récentes de faunes à hominidés dans le Mio-Pliocène d'Afrique de l'Ouest ont remis en cause le rôle de barrière joué par le rift Est-Africain et relancé le débat sur la paléobiogéographie africaine. Dans ce contexte, l'identification des barrières biogéographiques effectives à cette période est importante. L'une des contraintes à la dispersion des faunes est le réseau hydrographique. Cette thèse a pour objectif la reconstruction de la topologie de ce réseau durant le Néogène. Nous avons utilisé le genre de poisson-chat Synodontis (Mochokidae, Siluriformes) : la large répartition actuelle de Synodontis en Afrique, sa diversité importante, l'hétérogénéité des distributions de ses espèces actuelles, ainsi que son importante représentation dans le registre fossile sous-tendent une histoire complexe au sein du réseau hydrographique africain. Jusqu'à présent, l'identification des espèces de Synodontis était basée sur des caractères d' anatomie molle. Nous avons établi un ensemble de caractères ostéologiques permettant la reconnaissance des d’espèces actuelles de Synodontis de la zone Nilo-Soudanaise. Cette étude anatomique a permis la reconnaissance des spécimens fossiles à un niveau spécifique dans le Mio-Pliocène d'Afrique (Tchad, Egypte, Tunisie, Uganda). Une phylogénie moléculaire est établie. Pour reconstruire l'histoire de Synodontis, nous avons combiné les approches anatomiques et moléculaires. L'évolution du groupe est structurée par la dorsale Centre Africaine et influencée par l'émergence du Rift. Nos résultats proposent une origine Congolaise de Synodontis dans l'Oligocène (~30 Ma). Subséquemment, des dispersions en zone Nilo-Soudanaise et Basse Guinée sont enregistrées. La phylogénie de Synodontis soutient l'existence d'un réseau hydrographique qui s'étend de l'Est à l'Ouest de l'Afrique, indépendant du Nil, et qui a fonctionné jusqu’à ~10 Ma. Au Miocène Supérieur, la distribution des espèces de Synodontis en zone Nilo-Soudanaise est plus hétérogène qu' actuellement. Au Plio-Pléistocène, les échanges entre les bassins de la zone Nilo-Soudanaise s'intensifient, entraînant l'homogénéisation de l'ichtyofaune<br>The Rift Valley has long been considered as an ecological barrier until recent discoveries of Mio-Pliocene fossiliferous outcrops in Central Africa: our paleobiogeographical conceptions have to be reappraised. In this context, identification of effective biogeographical barriers preventing dispersals during the Mio-Pliocene may provide a first order constraint in which evolution in Africa could be drawn. The hydrographical network constitutes one of the major constraints to dispersal. Our work aims at reconstructing the hydrographical network during the Neogene. The widespread african catfish genus Synodontis (Mochokidae, Siluriformes) is used as a proxy: its abundance in the fossil record together with an important modern diversity implies a complex history for the African freshwater. So far, the Synodontis species are recognized on soft characters. Here, I propose a study of the bony anatomy of extant Synodontis species from the Nilo-Soudan province and propose specific osteological characters. Those characters are used in the fossil to recognize specimens at a specific level throughout Mio-Pliocene sites of Africa (Chad, Egypt, Tunisia, and Uganda). A molecular phylogeography of Synodontis species is established. To reconstruct history of the group, we combined molecular and osteological analyses. The evolution of the group is structured around the Central African Shear Zone and influenced by the formation of the Rift. The Synodontis origin is Congolese and roots in the Oligocene (~30 Myr). Rapidly, they disperse in the Nilo-Sudan and Lower Guinean provinces. Our results support an ancient drainage system independent from the Nil, extending from West to East Africa and operating during the Middle Miocene. In the Late Miocene, distribution of the Synodontis species appears much more heterogeneous than the modern one. The intensive Plio-Pleistocene exchanges in the Nilo-Sudan province have greatly contributed to homogenize the ichtyofauna and to give the modern pattern of distribution
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Bruwer, Erna Elfriede. "Biochemical and molecular genetic studies of the Southern African catfish genus Synodontis Cuvier, 1816 (Teleostei, Mochokidae)." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1014.
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Synodontis Cuvier, 1816 (Teleostei, Mochokidae) species are often extremely abundant in local fisheries catches over their entire distribution range. They are appreciated as food as well as popular aquarium fishes. However, some species are extremely difficult to identify due to the taxonomically unreliable nature of prominent morphological features. Establishing the correct identification is important and can have far-reaching consequences (e.g. in fisheries, conservation, stock assessment, and angling records may be compromised by misidentifying species due to the complicated nature of present identification keys). The systematic status of many southern African Synodontis species is poorly understood and their identification remains problematic. This study involves characterising the species of the genus Synodontis by comparative morphological and genetic studies due to the above-mentioned problems. Extensive field studies have lead to a simplified identification key. This key excludes the detail character information included in the published key that masks the more reliable characteristics. Synodontis njassae, S. macrostigma, S. macrostoma, S. leopardinus, S. thamalakanensis, S. woosnami, S. vanderwaali, S. nigromaculatus and S. zambezensis were used in an allozyme study with Parauchenoglanis ngamensis as outgroup. Fixed allele mobility differences were obtained at eight of the 15 loci studied. The dendrograms grouped all species with convex humeral processes in one clade. The species with concave humeral processes also grouped together, but with poor resolution with DNA - sequence analysis. A biochemical genetic study of laboratory produced hybrids between two species of Synodontis was done to provide additional information on the species boundaries and to determine whether genetic markers can be found to identify them. Hybrizymes were found in the latter study. Such markers are of conservation importance due to the uncontrolled translocation of many exotic fish species. This is the first study to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of southern African Synodontis species and of hybrids, and the simplified identification key will be useful for positive identification of the species studied.<br>Prof. F.H. Van der Bank
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JIRSOVÁ, Dagmar. "Population genetics of the fish tapeworm Wenyonia virilis (Caryophyllidea: Caryophyllaeidae) and its fish host Synodontis schall." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-364702.
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The presented thesis consists of three papers/manuscripts (one published, one under review, one manuscript) on population genetic aspects of a host-parasite model, caryophyllidean tapeworm Wenyonia virilis and mochokid catfish Synodontis schall, in recently separated drainage basins, Lake Turkana and the Nile River. Three main topics are addressed herein: (i) intra- and inter-population genetic variability in and among hosts and parasites, (ii) comprehensive assessment of host model taxonomic status using multiple approaches, (iii) comparison of parasite intraspecific phenotypic with population genetic pattern. Two different genetic markers were applied to address these topics mtDNA (coxI) and whole genome scanning method (AFLP).
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"Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides and biomarker responses in Hydrocynus vittatus and Synodontis zambezensis from the Lower Phongolo River and Floodplain, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13848.
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M.Sc. (Zoology)<br>Concern has been shown by Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife for the state of the Lower Pongolo River and Floodplain due to the ever increasing urban and industrial development in the area. This increase in development poses a threat to the fish populations within the system and their ability to support the surrounding communities. Continued spraying of pesticides e.g. DDT within the area are adding to stresses placed on the fish populations through decreasing water quality. The effectiveness of environmental water flows suggested by White et al. (1984), have never been assessed by conservation authorities. This means that the authorities have been unable to fulfil their legislative obligations to establish management and conservation plans (Hughes et al., 2001). Work on the biological responses of fish to anthropogenic stressors such as organic pollutants and metals; have been conducted by a group of experts in the field of ecological health. This section of the project focusses on two fish species, Hydrocynus vittatus and Synodontis zambezensis, sampled within the study area and used for biomarkers and tissue chemical level determination. Standard techniques were applied for Organochlorine Pesticide (OCP) analysis according to Yohannes et al. (2013) and these results have been compared to biomarker responses which have also been completed following standard protocols. Results found within both fish species, show the relationship between accumulation of toxicants and biomarker responses. The highest levels of ΣOCPs where found within H. vittatus at (Mean ± SE) 1101.61 ± 610.97 ng/g lipid weight, the highest constituent being technical grade Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). High levels of ΣDDT were also found in S. zambezensis, but were lower than levels in H. vittatus and these levels correspond with positioning of each species within the food web. H. vittatus occupies a much higher level in the food web as they are top predators and S. zambezensis falls lower down on the food web due to their reliance on detritus and only small invertebrate species for food. Biomarker responses are clearly affected by bioaccumulation levels and this is especially evident within H. vittatus as Achetylcholinesterase (AChE) is greatly inhibited by high levels of ΣDDT. Changes in the level of biomarker responses are not as apparent in S. zambezensis and this is believed to be food web linked, due to differences in bioconcentration. Data collected during this study will contribute to baseline data on S. zambezensis and add to already accumulated data on H. vittatus. This new data will also help with the improvement of or alteration to already present monitoring programmes in the study area.
Books on the topic "Synodontis"
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Wright, Jeremy J. Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). University of Florida, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Synodontis"
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"5.3 Gemination, Schizodontie, Synodontie, Dentes concreti." In Röntgendiagnostik mit der PANORAMASCHICHTAUFNAHME, edited by Jürgen Düker. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0034-38512.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Synodontis"
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Banica, Adrian, Doug Waslen, and Boyd T. Tolton. "Enhancing Liquid Hydrocarbon Pipeline Leak Detection Using Instrumented Aerial Surveillance." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33062.
Full textAbstract:
Suncor Energy Inc. contacted Synodon as part of an effort to enhance pipeline leak detection. Ideally, Suncor needed a technology that could detect natural gas as well as liquid hydrocarbon releases. Synodon’s new technology is an aircraft mounted gas remote sensing instrument that has been used for detecting leaks from natural gas pipelines for over four (4) years and was expanding their capability to include liquid hydrocarbons. This paper will describe the steps that Suncor and Synodon have taken over the last two years to develop and validate this detection technology. Synodon completed a number of studies including laboratory and field tests that demonstrated the ability of Synodon’s technology to remotely detect ground-level plumes of vapours released from a liquid hydrocarbon pipeline. Synodon conducted full atmospheric analytic modeling followed by laboratory measurements to determine the level of sensitivity of its instrument measurement to both methane and various liquid hydrocarbon vapors including gasoline, condensates and synthetic crude oil. Suncor participated in the development of test methodology and field execution in order to witness and validate the results. Based on this work, Suncor has determined an optimum inspection frequency based on theoretical spill size, SCADA leak detection thresholds and conventional aerial patrol constraints. The results and conclusions of this work will be presented.