Academic literature on the topic 'Synonymie'
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Journal articles on the topic "Synonymie"
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Alves, Ieda Maria. "La synonymie en intelligence artificielle." Meta 39, no. 4 (September 30, 2002): 643–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/001882ar.
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Résumé Dans cet article, nous exposons quelques problèmes concernant l'usage de synonymes en langue de spécialité. Les exemples présentés sont extraits d'un corpus portugais-brésilien de termes de l'intelligence artificielle. Quelques théories terminologiques n'acceptent pas l'occurrence de « termes synonymes », à cause de l'association univoque établie entre une notion et son terme correspondant ; d'autres théories, au contraire, reconnaissent que, d'après les contextes, une notion peut revêtir des formes synonymiques. Dans le corpus de l'intelligence artificielle que nous sommes en train d'analyser, environ 15 % des termes dépouillés sont susceptibles d'avoir des synonymes ou des quasi-synonymes. Ce rapport synonymique peut être géré par différentes formes d'alternance : formation syntagmatique / terme formellement simple ; terme emprunté / terme indigène ; terme simple / synonyme contextuel ; formation syntagmatique / siglaison. Ces différentes possibilités d'association entre notions et termes démontrent que la synonymie en langue de spécialité existe et mérite d'être étudiée de plus près.
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Lecolle, Michelle. "De la synonymie, vue à travers les emplois des mots synonyme, synonymie et synonymique dans les textes." Pratiques, no. 141-142 (June 15, 2009): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/pratiques.1317.
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Zorman, Marina. "Zur Struktur und Funktion von Synonymen." Linguistica 38, no. 2 (December 1, 1998): 3–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.38.2.3-62.
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Der Artikel behandelt die Synonyme im Licht der funktionell-strukturellen Sprachtheorie Coserius. 1 Die Wahl der theoretischen Grundsätze wurde durch die Festellung diktiert, daß die bisherigen Erkenntnisse über die Synonymie widersprüchlich sind und daß auch schon über alle Feststellungen berechtigte Einsprüche erhoben wurden. Deshalb wird in dieser Arbeit auf der genannten theoretischen Grundlage, die verschiedene Gesichtspunkte des Problems verbindet, anstatt sie zu trennen (s. Punkt 2), ein Modell für die Analyse von Synonymen vorgestellt (3), das die klassischen Schwächen der Semantikforschung (zu geringe Menge tatsächlicher Daten, Subjektivität und Introspektion) durch eine empirische Untersuchung in einem Textkorpus zu ersetzen versucht. In die Analyse sind drei Inhaltsebenen einbezogen (Bezeichnung, Bedeutung und Sinn) und ihnen sind jeweils entsprechende Untersuchungsmethoden zugeordnet. Im Sinne des Modells wurden in der Arbeit Zorman 1997 zwei slowenische Synonympaare (kuverta - ovojnica und borba - boj) analysiert, die als Beispiele reiner (und totaler) Synonymie gelten können. Die Analyse wird aus Platzgründen an dieser Stelle nicht detailliert dargestellt,2 veranschaulicht werden nur ihre Tragweite und die Ergebnisse (4). Im letzten Teil (5) werden die Leistungen der vorgeschlagenen Methode bewertet und einige Annahmen dargestellt, die der weiteren Erforschung der Synonyme dienen könnten. Die objektive Behandlung der Synonymie unter unterschiedlichen Gesichtspunkten scheint einige Dogmen über Synonyme in Frage zu stellen.
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Balibar-Mrabti, Antoinette. "Synonymie abstraite et synonymie concrète en syntaxe." Langages 31, no. 128 (1997): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/lgge.1997.2132.
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Petit, Gérard. "Synonymie et dénomination." Linx, no. 52 (June 1, 2005): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/linx.198.
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Ploux, Sabine. "Modélisation et Traitement Informatique de la Synonymie." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.21.1.02plo.
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This paper deals with automatic structuring of semantic values in a dictionary of synonyms. The data we used were first extracted from seven French published dictionnaries of synonyms and then merged to obtain the files we worked on. We explain here why a discrete mathematic representation of synonymic relation is not sufficient to produce a semantic structure (that represents the different meanings of a term but also their overlapping). Then we propose a continuous representation (using data analysis) that ables the machine to produce for each term its semantic values. The system also labels these values with prototypic synonyms and detects synonyms that share different semantic "axes" with the headword. It should be noted that these semantic spaces are obtained automatically for each headword from a homogeneous list of synonyms.
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Olkhovskaya, Aleksandra I. "New Russian synonymy in the aspect of language attraction." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 3 (2022): 234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/80/19.
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The turn of the 21st century showed the substantial change in the synonymic composition of the Russian language due to the intensive borrowing of Anglicisms. This study focuses on the Russian synonymy novelties caused by lexical borrowings of recent years. 1162 synonymous paradigms, including at least one borrowing introduced into the Russian language from the late 1980s to the present day, were analyzed. The synonym fund update indicates the transformation of semantic language space and, more broadly, of its concept sphere. Thus, the material is interpreted from the position of conceptualization of the linguistic worldview based on the law of synonymic attraction. Ideographic distribution of new synonyms and assessment of the synonym series update were applied. Two assumptions underlie the study: 1) thematic groups greatly enriched with synonyms correspond to the relevant spheres; 2) synonymic series augmented with numerous new components match the important concepts. The analysis revealed the semantic areas with a high synonymic increase. Synonymy of the ideographic sphere of “Society”, in particular, Internet communication, employment, equipment and IT technologies, sports and culture underwent the greatest changes, accounting for about 80 % of the synonymic rows. In the ideographic sphere of “Human”, the thematic groups of “Gender, sexuality”, “Hygiene, beauty procedures”, “Food”, “Thinking, cognition”, and “Human activity” demonstrated the greatest synonymic dynamics. The sphere of “Abstract categories” revealed the “equilibrium” synonymy. Ecological safety, media fame, Internet, emoticon, and shopping center prove to be the significant concepts of modern Russian society. Also, some conclusions were made concerning the worldview, values and ideological attitudes of contemporary Russian society.
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Bousquet, Yves. "On two forgotten European species of Coleoptera." ZooKeys 749 (April 10, 2018): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.749.24275.
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Two Coleoptera species described by Ferdinand Joseph Schmidt in 1834 have been forgotten. One, Chlaeniuscarniolicus, is placed here in synonymy with Chlaenius (Chlaenites) spoliatus (Rossi, 1792), while the other, Oedemeralippichii, is synonymized with Nacerdes (Xanthochroa) carniolica carniolica Gistel, 1834 (new synonymies). Chlaeniuscarniolicus Gistel, 1834, a primary homonym of C.carniolicus Schmidt, 1834 which has been forgotten too in the literature, is also placed in synonymy with Chlaeniusspoliatus (new synonym).
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TAUBER, CATHERINE A., and OLIVER S. FLINT, JR. "Resolution of some taxonomic and nomenclatural issues in a recent revision of Ceraeochrysa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." Zootaxa 2565, no. 1 (August 12, 2010): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2565.1.4.
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With the purpose of promoting nomenclatural stability, this paper addresses a number of errors, omissions, and controversial conclusions in a recent revision of the green lacewing genus Ceraeochrysa by Freitas et al. (2009). 1. Valid species, new combinations and synonymies: (a) We identified Ceraeochrysa chiricahuae Freitas and Penny (in Freitas et al. 2009), Chrysopa forreri Navás, and Chrysopa intacta Navás as subjective synonyms. Thus, Ceraeochrysa intacta, a species that was previously synonymized under Ceraeochrysa placita (Banks), becomes the valid name of the species [New status, new combination]. Chrysopa forreri is now synonymized under Cer. intacta, not Cer. placita [New synonymy]. And, Cer. chiricahuae becomes a junior synonym of Cer. intacta, not a valid species of Ceraeochrysa [New synonymy]. (b) We enumerate specific internal and external features of the Chrysopa cornuta Navás type that identify it as conspecific with Ceraeochrysa caligata (Banks), not Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider) as proposed by Freitas et al. (2009). Thus, Ceraeochrysa cornuta (Navás), which has priority, is reinstated as the valid name [Reinstated status, reinstated combination], and Ceraeochrysa caligata (Banks) is reinstated as a junior subjective synonym of Cer. cornuta, not a valid species [Reinstated synonymy]. (c) We provide documented evidence for reinstating three synonymies that Freitas et al. had reversed [Reinstated synonymies]: (i) Allochrysa parvula Banks is a junior subjective synonym of Ceraeochrysa lineaticornis (Fitch); (ii) Chrysopa columbiana Banks is a junior subjective synonym of Ceraeochrysa lineaticornis (Fitch); (iii) Chrysopa rochina (Navás) is a junior subjective synonym of Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider). 2. Generic assignments: (a) Visual evidence is provided for the placement of Ceraeochrysa laufferi (Navás) in Ungla. Therefore, Ungla laufferi (Navás) is reinstated as the valid name [Reinstated combination]. (b) We question Freitas et al.’s rationale for including Cer. placita (Banks) and Cer. intacta (Navás) (as Cer. chiricahuae Freitas and Penny) in the genus Ceraeochrysa; female and larval features of the two species differ markedly from those used to characterize Ceraeochrysa species. As an alternative that recognizes the uncertainty surrounding the generic placement of these species and that avoids additional, unnecessary name changes, we propose including the caveat “genus incertae sedis” with the names, as follows: Ceraeochrysa placita (Banks), genus incertae sedis, and Ceraeochrysa intacta (Navás), genus incertae sedis. 3. Type designations: (a) Errors concerning the Chrysopa furculata Navás type in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN), are corrected, and doubts raised by Freitas et al. (2009) concerning the identification of this specimen as the holotype are removed. (b) The earlier designation of the Chrysopa rochina (Navás) type in the MNHN as the lectotype (not holotype) is verified.
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Gross, Gaston, and André Clas. "Synonymie, polysémie et classes d'objets." Meta 42, no. 1 (September 30, 2002): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002977ar.
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Résumé La désambiguïsation de la polysémie et la différenciation des synonymes s'appuient sur une analyse sémasyntaxique. Grâce à la création de classes d'objets, il est possible de raffiner la description des mots et de les présenter de telle façon qu'un traitement automatique d'analyse et de génération automatique soient possibles.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Synonymie"
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Ferrara-Léturgie, Alice. "Histoire, tradition et filiation de la synonymie distinctive française : analyse contrastive des traités et dictionnaires de synonymie distinctive français de 1718 à 1884." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0678.
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Entre 1718 et 1884, les ouvrages de synonymie composés en France ont exclusivement fait appel à la théorie de la synonymie distinctive. Une véritable tradition lexicographique s’est cristallisée autour du premier traité monolingue français composé par l’abbé Gabriel Girard en 1718, La Justesse de la langue françoise. L’apparition de cette tradition lexicographique résulte d’une conception théorique particulière de la synonymie. Il est effectivement question, au XVIIIe siècle, de contester la synonymie exacte, deux signifiants ne pouvant partager exactement le même signifié. Il s’ensuit une nécessité de distinguer les nuances sémantiques entre les unités lexicales. Durant un siècle et demi, 22 traités et dictionnaires de synonymie distinctive se sont succédé, leurs auteurs poursuivant l’objectif de rédiger le dictionnaire le plus complet tant quantitativement que qualitativement. Ce faisant, une filiation s’est progressivement constituée, chaque auteur élaborant son ouvrage à l’aide des précédents. Cette thèse propose une lecture génétique approfondie de ces 22 traités et dictionnaires afin de mesurer les tenants et aboutissants de cette tradition de la synonymie distinctiveBetween 1718 and 1884, the literature dealing with synonymy published in France exclusively used the theory of distinctive synonymy. A lexicographical tradition crystallized around the first French monolingual treaty made by Abbé Gabriel Girard in 1718, La Justesse de la langue françoise. The emergence of this lexicographical tradition results from a particular theoretical view of synonymy. Indeed, scholars from the XVIIIth century disputed the notion of exact synonymy, assuming that two signifiers cannot share the same exact signified. This resulted in a need to distinguish the semantic nuances between lexical units. For a century and a half, 22 treaties and distinctive synonymy dictionaries have been published. Their authors aimed at writing the most comprehensive dictionary, both quantitatively and qualitatively. In doing so, a lineage gradually appeared, each author developing his work based on the previous. This thesis proposes a comprehensive genetic reading of these 22 treaties and dictionaries to measure the ins and outs of this distinctive tradition of synonymy
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Hümmer, Christiane. "Synonymie bei phraseologischen Einheiten : eine korpusbasierte Untersuchung." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5105/.
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Die vorliegende Dissertation widmet sich dem Thema Synonymie im besonderen Fall der phraseologischen Einheiten. Es handelt sich um eine korpusbasierte, empirische Untersuchung, die sich insbesondere mit der Frage beschäftigt, ob und inwiefern es möglich ist, sich typisch semantischen Kategorien wie Bedeutung, Idiomatizität, Bildlichkeit etc. über die Untersuchung typischer Verwendungsmuster zu nähern.
Diese Themenstellung motiviert sich aus bisher in der linguistischen Literatur strittigen grundsätzlichen Aspekten der Diskussion um Bedeutung und Synonymie: Sie ist zum einen als Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis des Verhältnisses zwischen Verwendungsdaten und Bedeutung sowie zum Status traditioneller wörterbuchähnlicher Bedeutungsangaben innerhalb einer gebrauchsbasierten Semantik gedacht: Zum anderen geht es darum, detaillierte Erkenntnisse über die Übertragbarkeit des Konzepts Synonymie von Einzellexemen auf phraseologische Einheiten zu gewinnen.
Unter der Annahme, dass menschliches Lernen bzw. Erschließen von Bedeutung primär empirisch funktioniert, ist die Analyse der Breite der Varianz des tatsächlichen kontextuellen Verhaltens phraseologischer Einheiten bei gleicher oder ähnlicher Bedeutung dazu geeignet, detaillierte Erkenntnisse über die Korrelation zwischen Bedeutungs- und Verwendungsaspekten sowie über den Einfluss phraseologiespezifischer Eigenschaften zu gewinnen.
Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung ist eine Gruppe phraseologischer Einheiten, die in Wörterbüchern als bedeutungsähnlich bzw. synonym klassifiziert werden. Unter diesen phraseologischen Einheiten finden sich Ausdrücke unterschiedlicher Bildlichkeit, Idiomatizität und morphosyntaktischer Struktur, von denen einige aus mehreren Inhaltswörtern bestehen, wie etwa jmd. schüttelt etw. aus dem Ärmel, jmd. hat etw. mit der Muttermilch eingesogen und jmd. weiß Bescheid, während andere lediglich Verbindungen eines Inhaltswortes mit einem oder mehreren Funktionswörtern und dem Verb haben oder sein darstellen. Zur letzteren Gruppe gehören unter anderem Ausdrücke wie jmd. hat das Zeug zu etw., jmd. ist auf Zack und jmd. ist vom Fach. Diese Heterogenität der zu untersuchenden Ausdrücke bezüglich ihres phraseologischen Status macht sie zu einem geeigneten Gegenstand der differenzierten Betrachtung der Rolle phraseologiespezifischer Eigenschaften für die Beschreibung von Bedeutung und Synonymie.
Die Untersuchung besteht im ersten Schritt in einer detaillierten Annotation aller Vorkommenskontexte der phraseologischen Einheiten im Korpus des DWDS (Berlin-Brandeburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, www.dwds.de) auf Basis einer Reihe vordefinierter Analysekriterien. Aus dieser Annotation wird in einem zweiten Schritt eine Beschreibung der typischen Verwendungsmerkmale jeder einzelnen lexikalischen Einheit gewonnen. Gleichzeitig enstehen nach einer festgelegten Methode Bedeutungsbeschreibungen in Form von Paraphrasen, die auf elementare Bedeutungsbestandteile reduziert werden.
Diese Bedeutungs- und Verwendungsbeschreibungen der untersuchten phraseologschen Einheiten bilden die Basis für den dritten Teil der Arbeit, in der die beiden Beschreibungsebenen aufeinander bezogen werden.
Im Ergebnis zeigt die Arbeit, dass
a) Zwischen Verwendung und Bedeutung lexikalischer (phraseologischer) Einheiten identifizierbare systematische Korrelationen bestehen, die einen datenzentrierten Zugang zur Untersuchung und Beschreibung lexikalischer Semantik ermöglichen.
b) Innerhalb einer Gruppe von Synonymen so wie auch innerhalb einer erweiterten Menge quasisynonymer Ausdrücke jedem einzelnen Element ein eigener Platz zukommt, der dieses Element von allen anderen Elementen unterscheidet.
c) Die Verwendungsdaten einer phraseologischen Einheit positive Evidenz für den individuellen Grad der Relevanz der Merkmale Festigkeit, Idiomatizität und Motiviertheit einer phraseologischen Einheit liefern.The present Ph.D.-dissertation addresses the subject of synonymy in the special case on Multi-Word Expressions. As a corpus-based, empirical study, it focusses around the question if and how it is possible to approach semantic categories such as meaning, idiomaticity and metaphoricity by analysing the characteristic usage patterns of a lexical unit. The study is driven by basic unresolved issues in the linguistic discussion on meaning and synonymy: On the one hand, it contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between usage data and meaning as well as on the status of traditional dictionary-like definitions in empirical semantics. On the other hand, it provides detailed insights on the applicability of the linguistc concept of synonymy - as it has been discussed for single lexemes – to lexicalized Multi-Word Expressions. On the basis of the assumption that human learning and grasping of meaning is a basically empirical process, the analysis of the variability of contextual behaviour of Multi-Word Expressions with identical or similar meaning constitutes a suitable way of gaining insights on the correlation between meaning and use as well as on the influence of specific properties of Multi-Word Expressions. The study starts out from a group of phraseological units that have been classified as synonymous in German phraseological dictionaries. These expressions differ their degree of idiomaticity, metaphoricity and morphosyntactic structure. Some of them – e.g. 'jmd. schüttelt etw. aus dem Ärmel' or 'jmd. hat etw. mit der Muttermilch eingesogen' (sb. does sth. with great ease) - comprise several content words whereas others are composed of only one content word together with one or more function words and the verb 'haven' (have) or 'sein' (be) – as it is the case for 'jmd. ist auf Zack', jmd. hat das Zeug zu etw.' and 'jmd. ist vom Fach' (sb. is able/competent in sth.). Their heterogeneity makes them a very good starting point for the research on the role played by phraseology-specific properties for meaning and synonymy. As a first step, the author realizes a detailed annotation of all occurrences of the these Multi-Word Expressions in the corpus of the DWDS (Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and the Humanities, www.dwds.de), using a series of predefined analysis criteria. From this analysis, she gains a description of their typical usage traits. In parallel, a neatly defined methodology leads to a set of meaning descriptions on the basis of dictionary paraphrases that are reduced to their elementary meaning components. In the last part of the study., these meaning and usage descriptions are then correlated yielding the following conclusions: a) Between meaning descriptions and usage patterns, systematic correlations can be devised that allow a data-driven approach to the semantics of lexical units. b)Within a group of synonyms, each element has its unique place, determined by its characteristic usage patterns. c) The usage data of a multi-word unit provide positive evidence forrr the degree of idiomaticity, morphosyntactic stability and metaphoricity of the expression.
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Ntakirutimana, Jean Berchmans. "Désambiguïsation de la synonymie adjectivale." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/NQ42263.pdf.
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Hümmer, Christiane. "Synonymie bei phraseologischen Einheiten eine korpusbasierte Untersuchung." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2007. http://d-nb.info/990962709/04.
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Doualan, Gaëlle. "Étude historique, épistémologique et descriptive de la synonymie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040149.
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Cette thèse se donne pour objectif d’étudier les apories théoriques et épistémologiques liées à la synonymie. Pour l’essentiel, ces problèmes se concentrent dans la faiblesse théorique de la notion par rapport au succès empirique dont elle jouit dans l’usage et les dictionnaires. Cette faiblesse théorique prend racine dans l’histoire de la notion : la synonymie a été définie en premier lieu par Aristote et a subi de nombreuses transformations au cours des siècles. La définition scientifique de la synonymie s’est constituée à partir de la synonymie distinctive des synonymistes. Les notions fondatrices de la linguistique moderne ont été appliquées à la synonymie alors qu’elle a été élaborée avant leur conception. La synonymie se plie mal aux cadres théoriques de la linguistique moderne d’où des apories. L’approche distinctive centre l’étude de la synonymie sur les différences de sens alors qu’elle repose sur des équivalences sémantiques approchées. L’histoire de la notion aide à éclairer les apories et à s’en distancier pour recentrer la notion sur les équivalences puisqu’elles rendent possibles la synonymie et sur le discours qui est le lieu de l’émergence du sens. Cela rompt avec la synonymie réduite à la recherche de différences de sens entre items lexicaux synonymes. Une approche onomasiologique et textuelle est mise en place pour proposer un nouveau cadre d’étude de la synonymie. Cette approche se manifeste par la détection de réseaux lexicaux témoignant de relations d’équivalence qui émergent en contexte. Pour tester cette approche, les réseaux lexicaux du vocabulaire du vice et de la vertu sont étudiés dans des textes du XVIIe siècle traitant de thèmes morauxThis thesis studies theoretical and epistemological aporia of synonymy. These problems are concentrated in the theoretical weakness of synonymy in comparison with its empirical success both in usage and dictionaries. This theoretical weakness originates in the history of the notion: at first, synonymy had been defined by Aristoteles and was afterwards subjected to transformations during the following centuries. With the beginning of modern linguistics, scientific definition of synonymy had been built from the distinctive synonymy of French synonymists. The fundamental notions of modern linguistics, such as the opposition between language and discourse, had been applied to synonymy whereas it had been elaborated before their conception. Synonymy can hardly be submitted to modern linguistics theoretical frameworks without generating theoretical difficulties. The distinctive approach centers the study of synonymy on semantic differences whereas synonymy is based on approximate semantic equivalence. History of synonymy sheds light on aporia and helps to distance from it and to center the notion on the semantic equivalence because they make synonymy possible and on discourse because that is where sense emerges. This breaks off with the synonymy which is solely based on semantic differences between synonymic lexical items. An onomasiological and textual approach is set up to propose a new scientific framework to synonymy: this approach consists in the detection of lexical networks showing semantic relations appearing in context. To test this approach, lexical networks of vice and virtue vocabulary are studied in seventeenth century French texts treating moral themes
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Batteux, Martina. "Die französische Synonymie im Spannungsfeld zwischen Paradigmatik und Syntagmatik." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=958738696.
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Batteux, Martina. "Die französische Synonymie im Spannungsfeld zwischen Paradigmatik und Syntagmatik." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14448.
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Der Ausgangspunkt der Synonymiediskussion kann in Frankreich im 17. Jahrhundert angesetzt werden. Die Synonymieproblematik berührt verschiedene linguistische Teildisziplinen. Synonymie wird als Bedeutungsähnlichkeit interpretiert, die sich durch gleiche / ähnliche semantische Merkmale manifestiert. Die durchgeführten Substitutionstests belegen dies und andere Hypothesen: Die Verlagerung der Synonymie auf die Sememebene wird verifiziert und die notwendige Textorientierung in der Synonymiediskussion bestätigt. Paradigmatische und syntagmatische Aspekte beeinflussen dabei die Synonymenwahl. Der Zusammenhang von Synonymie und Diaphasik zeigt, dass Synonyme stilistische Variationen aufweisen können. Nur in Ausnahmefällen werden diatopische und diastratische Elemente synonym zu den Äquivalenten der Allgemeinsprache gebraucht. Die Interaktion der beiden Differenzierungskriterien in der Synonymenwahl - Syntax und Semantik - beeinflusst die Probandenentscheidung. Wörter, die nachweislich synonyme Sememe enthalten, können aufgrund von Kollokationen nicht immer als synonym identifiziert werden.The starting point of the discussion about synonymy can be set in France in the 17th century. The problem of synonymy comes into contact with different linguistic disciplines. Synonymy is interpreted as semantic similarity displayed on the level of identical / similar semantic features. Substitutional tests verify this and other hypotheses: The shift of synonymy to the semem level could be verified and the necessary context orientation within the discussion about synonymy could be confirmed. Paradigmatic and syntagmatic aspects have an impact on the choice of synonyms. The interrelation between synonymy and diaphasic variety reveals that synonyms can show stylistic variations. Diatopic and diastratic variations are used as synonyms to common language equivalents only in exceptional circumstances. The interaction of syntax and semantics - both distinction criterions for the choice of synonyms - influence the test persons' decision. Words that provably contain synonymous semems cannot always be identified as synonymous because of collocations.
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Duclaye, Florence Aude Dorothée. "Apprentissage automatique de relations d'équivalence sémantique à partir du Web." Paris, ENST, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENST0044.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le contexte d'un système de questions-réponses, capable de trouver automatiquement sur le Web la réponse à des questions factuelles. L'une des manières d'améliorer la qualité des réponses fournies consiste à augmenter le taux de rappel du système et à identifier pour cela les réponses sous de multiples formulations possibles (paraphrases). Le recensement manuel de ces paraphrases étant un travail long et coûteux, l'objectif de cette thèse est de concevoir et développer un mécanisme d'apprentissage automatique et faiblement supervisé des paraphrases possibles d'une réponse. La méthode d'apprentisage présentée fait du Web son corpus privilégié, en particulier par la redondance et la variété linguistique des informations qu'il contient. Considéré comme un gigantesque graphe biparti représenté, d'une part, par des formulations et, d'autre part, par des couples d'arguments, le Web s'avère propice à l'application de la citation de Firth, selon laquelle le sens d'un terme (respectivement d'une formulation, dans notre cas) est lié aux termes (respectivement aux arguments) avec lesquels il cooccurre. Ainsi, par un mécanisme itératif, le Web est échantillonné : les formulations (paraphrases potentielles) sont extraites par ancrage des arguments, et inversement, de nouveaux arguments sont extraits par ancrage des formulations acquises. Afin de permettre à l'apprentissage de converger, une étape intermédiaire de classification statistique des données échantillonnées est nécessaire. Les résultats obtenus ont fait l'objet d'une évaluation empirique, montrant en particulier la valeur ajoutée des paraphrases apprises sur le système de questions-réponsesThis PhD thesis can be situated in the context of a question answering system, which is capable of automatically finding answers to factual questions on the Web. One way to improve the quality of these answers is to increase the recall rate of the system, by identifying the answers under multiple possible formulations(paraphrases). As the manual recording of paraphrases is a long and expensive task, the goal of this PhD thesis is to design and develop a mechanism that learns automatically and in a weakly supervised manner the possible paraphrases of an answer. Thanks to the redundance and the linguistic variety of the information it contains, the Web is considered to be a very interesting corpus. Assimilated to a gigantic bipartite graph represented, on the one hand, by formulations and, on the other hand, by argument couples, the Web turns out to be propitious to the application of Firth's hypothesis, according to which "you shall know a word (resp. A formulation, in our case) by the company (resp. Arguments) it keeps". Consequently, the Web is sampled using an iterative mechanism : formulations (potential paraphrases) are extracted by anchoring arguments and, inversely, new arguments are extracted by anchoring the acquired formulations. In order to make the learning process converge, an intermediary stage is necessary, which partitions the sampled data using a statistical classification method. The obtained results were empirically evaluated, which, more particularly, shows the value added by the learnt paraphrases of the question answering system
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Silveira, Theciana Silva. "Maranhão, terra das palmeiras: um estudo da sinonímia na terminologia do babaçu." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1377.
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La synonymie est beaucoup discutée dans le domaine de la Sémantique et de la Terminologie, puisque cette question défie le principe de l'univocité, objet de recherche des études classiques sémantique et terminologiques.Ce phénomène est discuté a partir de différentes approches: certains auteurs pensent que l'élimination de la variation dénominative se rend nécessaire, considérant qu‟elle pose un problème à la communication; tandis que d'autres chercheurs défendent l'indispensabilité de la synonymie pour la comprehénsion de la réalité de l'univers terminologique. En ce sens, ce travail est basé sur des discussions théoriques de l'étude de la synonymie dans le domaine de la sémantique, presentes dans les travaux de Barbosa (1999), Ullmann (1964) et Lyons (1977); de la terminologie, presentes dans les travaux d‟Auger (2001 ), Wüster (1998), Cabré (1999), Temmerman (2001) et Kocourek (1991); et les modèles principales d'analyse synonymiques utilisées pour des recherches terminologiques, a partir des modèles d‟Araújo (2006) et de Contente (2009). On recueille les termes liés à la noix de coco babaçu dans l'environnement social dans lequel ils sont produits et utilisés, afin de décrire et d'analyser les types de synonymie y présents, basé sur le discours des briseuses de noix de coco du Maranhão. Le corpus de cette recherche se compose de textes des discours de briseuses de noix de coco babaçu de sept municipalités du Maranhão. Ces textes, extraits de la base de données du Projet Atlas Linguistique du Maranhão (ALiMa), ont été recueillis par l'application du questionnaire lexico-sémantique (QLS), qui contient cinquante-quatre questions. Pour le choix des termes, les programmes informatiques Antconc ont été utilisés. Ils se constituent d'un ensemble d'outils d'analyse de corpus, en particulier des outils wordlist et concordance et CmapTools, qui permetent la création de microcartes. Basés sur la description et l'analyse des données, on a pu identifier les processus qui motivent le phénomène synonymique dans la terminologie étudiée, à savoir: les processus métaphoriques, métonymiques, hiperonymiques/hiponymiques et holonymiques/meronymiques et démontrer que les termes synonymes sont importants dans le discours spécialisé, opposant à l'idée que la synonymie est un obstacle à la communication et, pourtant, qui doit être éliminée.
A sinonímia tem sido muito discutida no domínio da Semântica e da Terminologia, já que essa questão desafia o princípio da univocidade, tão buscada pelos estudos clássicos da Semântica e da Terminologia. O fenômeno é discutido em diferentes abordagens: alguns autores julgam que é necessária a eliminação da variação denominativa, considerando-a como um problema para a comunicação, já que buscam a univocidade; enquanto outros estudiosos discordam dessa postura, entendendo a imprescindibilidade da sinonímia para compreensão da realidade do universo terminológico. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho se fundamenta nas discussões teóricas do estudo da sinonímia no domínio da semântica, com os trabalhos de Barbosa (1999), Ullmann (1964) e Lyons (1977), e na terminologia, com os trabalhos de Auger (2001), Wüster (1998), Cabré (1999), Temmerman (2001) e Kocourek (1991), e nos principais modelos de análise sinonímica utilizados nas pesquisas terminológicas, tomando como base os modelos de Araújo (2006) e de Contente (2009). Recolhem-se os termos relativos ao babaçu no meio social em que são produzidos e usados, objetivando descrever e analisar os tipos de sinonímia presentes na terminologia do babaçu, com base na fala das quebradeiras de coco do Maranhão. O corpus da pesquisa é constituído por textos da fala das quebradeiras de coco babaçu, de sete municípios maranhenses. Esses textos, extraídos do banco de dados do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Maranhão (ALiMA), foram recolhidos por meio da aplicação do questionário semântico-lexical (QSL), que contém cinquenta e quatro questões. Para a seleção dos termos, foram utilizados os programas computacionais Antconc, que consiste em um conjunto de ferramentas de análise de corpus, principalmente, as ferramentas wordlist e concordance, e CmapTools, que possibilita a criação de micromapas. Com base na descrição e análises dos dados, puderam-se identificar os processos que motivam o fenômeno sinonímico na terminologia estudada, a saber: os processos metafóricos, metonímicos, hiperonímicos/hiponímicos e holonímicos/meronímicos, bem como demonstrar que os termos sinônimos mostram-se importantes no discurso especializado, opondo-se à ideia de que a sinonímia é um empecilho para a comunicação, devendo ser eliminada.
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Hénault-Sakhno, Christine. "Problèmes de synonymie dans une approche linguistique contrastive : verbes de perception visuelle en français et en russe." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100036.
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L'analyse contrastive, qui permet de voir comment chaque langue construit, avec ses ressources lexicales et morphosyntaxiques propres, des configurations signifiantes spécifiques, est une nouvelle façon d'aborder la synonymie lexicale, phénomène linguistique qui a une importance toute particulière car il se trouve au coeur même du sens et du langage. Les données étudiées (issues de textes littéraires français comparés avec leurs traductions russes) montrent que les prédicats de perception visuelle en français et en russe constituent des systèmes complexes et ramifiés dont les contours sont difficiles à circonscrire. Les équivalences directes et univoques entre les unités analogues sont rares. .The contrastive analysis is a new way of describing lexical synonymy, a very important linguistic phenomenon because of its situation in the very heart of meaning and in that of speech : this approach can let us know how each language builds, with its own lexical and morpho-syntaxic means, specific signifying configurations. The described data (chosen in French literary texts compared with their translations in Russian) give evidence for semantic complexity of the visual perception verbs both in French and in Russian, verbs which constitute ramified frames with fuzzy shapes. Cases of plain and direct equivalence are not frequent. .
Books on the topic "Synonymie"
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Berlan, Françoise. La synonymie. Paris: Presses de l'université Paris-Sorbonne, 2012.
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Schemann, Hans. "Kontext" - "Bild" - "idiomatische Synonymie": Mit einer Darstellung der Synonymie in der deutschen Idiomatik. Hildesheim: Olms, 2003.
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Mühlner, Werner. Syntaktische Synonymie russischer verbaler Wortfügungen im Bereich des Dativobjekts: Zu einigen Problemen der Synonymie in der Syntax. Aachen: Shaker, 1997.
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Hümmer, Christiane. Synonymie bei phraseologischen Einheiten: Eine korpusbasierte Untersuchung. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2009.
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Die französische Synonymie im Spannungsfeld zwischen Paradigmatik und Syntagmatik. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2000.
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Lexikalische Synonymie als linguistisches und didaktisches Problem im Deutschunterricht für Fremdsprachige. Bern: P. Lang, 1987.
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Synonymie et marqueurs de haut degré: Sens conceptuel, sens associatif, polysémie. Paris: Classiques Garnier, 2018.
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Olaf, Müller. Synonymie und Analytizität: zwei sinnvolle Begriffe: Eine Auseinandersetzung mit W.V.O. Quines Bedeutungsskepsis. Paderborn: F. Schöningh, 1998.
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Structuring the lexicon: A clustered model for near-synonymy. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Synonymie"
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Leclère, Christian, and Jacqueline Brisbois. "Synonymie de mots et synonymie de phrases." In Lingvisticæ Investigationes Supplementa, 389. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lis.24.31lec.
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Labelle, Jacques. "Traitement automatique et synonymie en français." In Lingvisticæ Investigationes Supplementa, 263. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lis.20.23lab.
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Leggo, Carl. "Synonyms." In Sailing in a Concrete Boat, 117–28. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-955-8_35.
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Shekhar, Shashi, and Hui Xiong. "Synonymy." In Encyclopedia of GIS, 1146. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_1368.
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Bailey, Stephen. "Synonyms." In Academic writing for international students of business and economics, 225–28. 3rd edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2020. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429299278-4_8.
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Shamaeva, Irina, and David Galley. "Synonyms." In Custom Search – Discover more:, 65–73. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003100133-9.
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Risby, Bonnie, and Annelise Palouda. "Synonyms." In Logic Safari, 22. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003236283-19.
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Bailey, Stephen. "Synonyms." In Academic Writing for University Students, 228–31. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003010210-41.
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Bailey, Stephen. "Synonyms." In Academic Writing, 216–18. Fifth Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315169996-43.
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Salmon, Nathan. "Synonymy." In Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology, 45–52. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50109-8_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Synonymie"
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Zhang, Chenwei, Yaliang Li, Nan Du, Wei Fan, and Philip S. Yu. "Entity Synonym Discovery via Multipiece Bilateral Context Matching." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/199.
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Being able to automatically discover synonymous entities in an open-world setting benefits various tasks such as entity disambiguation or knowledge graph canonicalization. Existing works either only utilize entity features, or rely on structured annotations from a single piece of context where the entity is mentioned. To leverage diverse contexts where entities are mentioned, in this paper, we generalize the distributional hypothesis to a multi-context setting and propose a synonym discovery framework that detects entity synonyms from free-text corpora with considerations on effectiveness and robustness. As one of the key components in synonym discovery, we introduce a neural network model SynonymNet to determine whether or not two given entities are synonym with each other. Instead of using entities features, SynonymNet makes use of multiple pieces of contexts in which the entity is mentioned, and compares the context-level similarity via a bilateral matching schema. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model is able to detect synonym sets that are not observed during training on both generic and domain-specific datasets: Wiki+Freebase, PubMed+UMLS, and MedBook+MKG, with up to 4.16% improvement in terms of Area Under the Curve and 3.19% in terms of Mean Average Precision compared to the best baseline method.
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Mejvaldová, Jana, and Petr Horák. "Synonymie et homonymie attitudinale en tch&# 8;que et en fran&# 7;ais." In Speech Prosody 2002. ISCA: ISCA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2002-108.
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Constantinovici, Elena. "The Semantic-Syntactic Scheme of Synonymous Verbs in Romanian." In Conferinta stiintifica nationala "Lecturi în memoriam acad. Silviu Berejan", Ediția 6. “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/lecturi.2023.06.03.
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In the article, an attempt is made to study the synonym relations of the verb through the prism of its semantic-syntactic scheme, knowing that the verb renders the entire communication situation that includes the process and its relations with the participants of the described event. It was followed how, from this point of view, how the verbs of synonymous series are differentiated and whether the actant structure influences the choice of the synonym. As a result of the research, it was demonstrated that the advantages of the analysis of the homosemy relationship with the involvement of the semantic-syntactic scheme of the verbs are obvious, and the synonymy of the verb can be treated with more precision. The actantial scheme represents the conceptual configuration of the verb. And the syntactic scheme represents the combinatory availabilities of the verb. By superimposing them, one can trace all the directions in which a verb governs its determiners. So it is easy to see the movements of synonymous verbs in the contexts in which they appear.
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Costin, Viorica. "The Synonymous Series in Medical Terminology." In Conferință științifică internațională "Filologia modernă: realizări şi perspective în context european". “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/filomod.2022.16.49.
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Synonymy in medical terminology is a natural phenomenon, an indispensable attribute of specialized language, triggered by the continuous evolution of medical science, which implicitly reveals new aspects, new valences, specialized knowledge that needs to be designated. The purpose of our paper is to reveal the role of synonymous series in structuring the language semantic dimension through the organic exteriorization of the semantic aspects of similarity at the level of lexemes in medical terminology. We also pay special attention to numerically different synonymous series (bi-member and poli-member) as well as the place they hold in medical language at all three lexical levels (non-terminological, scientific and terminological). Finally, aspects related to the research of synonyms are discussed based on the semantic, integral and differential characteristics, which make possible the semantic nuance in the paradigms they form (structure of the synonymous series, core, periphery, etc.).
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Thomason, Jesse, and Raymond J. Mooney. "Multi-Modal Word Synset Induction." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/575.
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A word in natural language can be polysemous, having multiple meanings, as well as synonymous, meaning the same thing as other words. Word sense induction attempts to find the senses of polysemous words. Synonymy detection attempts to find when two words are interchangeable. We combine these tasks, first inducing word senses and then detecting similar senses to form word-sense synonym sets (synsets) in an unsupervised fashion. Given pairs of images and text with noun phrase labels, we perform synset induction to produce collections of underlying concepts described by one or more noun phrases. We find that considering multi-modal features from both visual and textual context yields better induced synsets than using either context alone. Human evaluations show that our unsupervised, multi-modally induced synsets are comparable in quality to annotation-assisted ImageNet synsets, achieving about 84% of ImageNet synsets' approval.
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Stefan, Florea, Alexandra Cernian, and Anca daniela Ionita. "AUTOMATED UML MODEL COMPARISON FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING EDUCATION." In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-063.
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Quality assurance in educational institutions should include mechanisms for detecting any student's attempt to cheat at his or her written assessments. Due to an increasing number of incidents, it is necessary to define holistic approaches at institutional levels, where management, culture and infrastructure should be taken into account. For this purpose, universities generally use tools for detecting plagiarism, based on comparing text and grammatical style, as well as searching for similar materials available on the Internet. Apart from general systems for detecting plagiarism, each discipline may require specific electronic aids for identifying similarities between assessment results. The paper considers the case of Software Engineering and, more specifically, Object-Oriented Modeling. It proposes solutions for automatically comparison of models conforming to the Unified Modeling Language, based on the following requirements: - Define methods for comparing all types of diagrams; - Develop a system that stores students' models; - Create tools that check a new project upon all the previous submissions, in order to detect similarities; - Eliminate false positive results; - Introduce the facility to detect synonyms at the level of modeling element names, using a Romanian language dictionary; - Define metrics for the similarity degree; - Validate the methods and tools in the classroom. The UML diagrams are supposed to be represented with the open source platform StarUML; then, they are exported to XML format for being interpreted and analyzed in comparison with the models of the central repository; one also checks for synonyms in naming modeling elements like classes, attributes, operations, actors, activities, states, components, nodes etc. The similarity score is computed with a dedicated algorithm, which takes into account weighted UML elements, UML relations, and semantics synonymy aspects.
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Pickering, Matthew, Gergő Érdi, Simon Peyton Jones, and Richard A. Eisenberg. "Pattern synonyms." In ICFP'16: ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2976002.2976013.
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DiMarco, Chrysanne. "The nature of near-synonymic relations." In the 15th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/991250.991256.
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Chakravarty, Manuel M. T., Gabriele Keller, and Simon Peyton Jones. "Associated type synonyms." In the tenth ACM SIGPLAN international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1086365.1086397.
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Chiang, Cheng-Han, and Hung-yi Lee. "Are Synonym Substitution Attacks Really Synonym Substitution Attacks?" In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.findings-acl.117.
Full textReports on the topic "Synonymie"
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Buscaino, B. Trend Analysis in Biomedical Texts via Vector Space Model Synonym Extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1165794.
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Bercovier, Herve, and Paul Frelier. Pathogenic Streptococcus in Tilapia: Rapid Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Pathophysiology. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568776.bard.
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Within the project "Pathogenic Streptococcus in Tilapia", gram positive cocci pathogens of fish in Israel and in the United States were characterized. We showed that Streptococcus shiloi, the name for an agent causing septicemic infection in fish, is a junior synonym of Streptococcus iniae and that Enterococcus seriolicida is a junior synonym of Lactococcus garvieae, a causative agent of septicemia and meningo-encephalitis in fish. Molecular epidemiology studies on these two pathogens, based on 16S rDNA sequences and ribotyping showed that although each country had specific clones, S. iniae originated probably from the U.S. and L. garvieae from Japan. PCR assays were developed for both pathogens and applied to clinical samples. S. agalactiael S. difficile was also recognized for the first time in the U.S. in tilapia. Our histopathological studies explained the noted paradox (abundant in vitro growth often accompanied by scant to small numbers of organisms within the meninges in histologic sections of brain) in diagnostic of fish streptococcus. The greatest concentration of cocci were consistently observed within macrophages infiltrating the extrameningeal fibroadipose tissue surrounding the brain within the calvarium. These results also suggests that the primary route of meningeal infection may be extension from the extrameningeal connective tissue rather than meningeal vascular emigration of cocci-containing macrophages. Our work has resulted in a cognizance of streptococcus as fish pathogen which goes beyond the pathology observed in tilapia and is already extended to many aquaculture fish species in Israel and in the United States. Finally, our data suggest that vaccines (bivalent or trivalent) could be developed to prevent most of the damages caused by streptococcus in aquaculture.
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McGrath, Panek, and McCarthy. L52356 Nomenclature for Natural Gas Transmission and Storage Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010015.
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A compilation of harmonized terminology and standardized nomenclature for natural gas transmission and storage (T and S) equipment and operations associated with greenhouse gas (GHG) emission sources and emission estimates. Criteria for natural gas industry (per segments in 40 CFR 98) for GHG inventories are also addressed. This living document is intended to be a detailed reference for practitioners and managers developing GHG inventories. The document's primary purpose is to support T and S facilities GHG emissions reporting for 40 CFR 98 Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting�; however, information is also provided to support the development of GHG emission inventories for other purposes. Standardized nomenclature used in the estimation and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and provide a single living document to be used as a reference to enhance consistency within the natural gas industry. This document may also serve to form a more accurate basis for consistent reporting of emission sources through an enhanced common understanding of industry and regulatory terminology, synonyms and sector boundaries. Consistent terminology will promote higher fidelity emission inventories and focus subsequent EPA control strategies and requirements.
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Zinenko, Olena. THE SPECIFICITY OF INTERACTION OF JOURNALISTS WITH THE PUBLIC IN COVERAGE OF PUBLIC EVENTS ON SOCIAL TOPICS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11056.
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Consideration of aspects of the functioning of mass media in society requires a comprehensive approach based on universal media theory. The article presents an attempt to consider public events in terms of a functional approach to understanding the media, proposed by media theorist Dennis McQuayl in the theory of mass communication. Public events are analyzed, on the one hand, as a complex object of journalistic reflection and, on the other hand, as a situational media that examines the relationship of agents of the social and media fields in the space of communication interaction. Taking into account philosophical approaches to the interpretation of the concept of event, considering its semantic spectrum, specificity of use and synonyms in the Ukrainian language, a working definition of the concept of public event is given. Based on case-analysis of public events, In accordance with the functions of the media the functions of public events are outlined. This is is promising for the development of study on typology of public events in the context of mass communication theory. The realization of the functions of public events as situational media is illustrated with such vivid examples of cultural events as «Gogolfest» and «Book Forum in Lviv». The author shows that a functional approach to understanding public events in society and their place in the space of mass communication, opens prospects for studying the role of media in reflecting the phenomena of social reality, clarifying the presence and quality of communication between media producers and media consumers.
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Iatsyshyn, Anna V., Valeriia O. Kovach, Volodymyr O. Lyubchak, Yurii O. Zuban, Andriy G. Piven, Oleksandra M. Sokolyuk, Andrii V. Iatsyshyn, Oleksandr O. Popov, Volodymyr O. Artemchuk, and Mariya P. Shyshkina. Application of augmented reality technologies for education projects preparation. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3856.
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After analysis of scientific literature, we defined that concept of “augmented reality” has following synonyms: “advanced reality”, “improved reality”, “enriched reality”, “mixed reality” and “hybrid reality”. Analysis of scientific literature and own practical experience of the use of augmented reality technologies application in educational practices allowed to state next: augmented reality technologies have a great potential for application in education; there are some cases of augmented reality use for school education; positive aspects of augmented reality technologies application in higher education institutions are confirmed by experiments (isolated cases); only few universities in Ukraine apply augmented reality technologies to educate students; only few universities in Ukraine have special subjects or modules in schedule to teach students to develop augmented reality technologies; various scientific events, mass events, competitions are held in Ukraine, and specialized training on the augmentation of augmented reality technologies is carried out, but this is non-systematic and does not have special state orientation and support. Features of introduction of virtual and augmented reality technologies at Sumy State University (Ukraine) are identified: “e-learning ecosystems” was created; in 2019, augmented and virtual reality research laboratory was established. Advantages and disadvantages of project activity in education are described: project activity is one of the most important components of educational process; it promotes creative self-development and self-realization of project implementers and forms various life competencies. It is determined that augmented reality application for implementation of educational projects will help: to increase students’ interest for educational material; formation of new competences; increase of students’ motivation for independent educational and cognitive activity; activation of educational activities; formation of positive motivation for personal and professional growth; conditions creation for development of personal qualities (creativity, teamwork, etc.). Current trends in implementation of educational projects were identified: most of the winner projects were implemented using augmented reality technology; augmented reality technologies were used in projects to teach different disciplines in higher education institutions. Augmented reality technology application for project activity has positive impact on learning outcomes and competitiveness of the national workforce; it will enhance the country’s position in the global economic space.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. MODERN MEDIA TEXT: POLITICAL NARRATIVES, MEANINGS AND SENSES, EMOTIONAL MARKERS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11411.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines modern media texts in the field of political journalism; the role of information narratives and emotional markers in media doctrine is clarified; verbal expression of rational meanings in the articles of famous Ukrainian analysts is shown. Popular theories of emotions in the process of cognition are considered, their relationship with the author’s personality, reader psychology and gonzo journalism is shown. Since the media text, in contrast to the text, is a product of social communication, the main narrative is information with the intention of influencing public opinion. Media text implies the presence of the author as a creator of meanings. In addition, media texts have universal features: word, sound, visuality (stills, photos, videos). They are traditionally divided into radio, TV, newspaper and Internet texts. The concepts of multimedia and hypertext are related to online texts. Web combinations, especially in political journalism, have intensified the interactive branching of nonlinear texts that cannot be published in traditional media. The Internet as a medium has created the conditions for the exchange of ideas in the most emotional way. Hence Gonzo’s interest in journalism, which expresses impressions of certain events in words and epithets, regardless of their stylistic affiliation. There are many such examples on social media in connection with the events surrounding the Wagnerians, the Poroshenko case, Russia’s new aggression against Ukraine, and others. Thus, the study of new features of media text in the context of modern political narratives and emotional markers is important in media research. The article focuses review of etymology, origin and features of using lexemes “cмисл (meaning)” and “сенс (sense)” in linguistic practice of Ukrainians results in the development of meanings and functional stylistic coloring in the usage of these units. Lexemes “cмисл (meaning)” and “сенс (sense)” are used as synonyms, but there are specific fields of meanings where they cannot be interchanged: lexeme “сенс (sense)” should be used when it comes to reasonable grounds for something, lexeme “cмисл (meaning)” should be used when it comes to notion, concept, understanding. Modern political texts are most prominent in genres such as interviews with politicians, political commentaries, analytical articles by media experts and journalists, political reviews, political portraits, political talk shows, and conversations about recent events, accompanied by effective emotional narratives. Etymologically, the concept of “narrative” is associated with the Latin adjective “gnarus” – expert. Speakers, philosophers, and literary critics considered narrative an “example of the human mind.” In modern media texts it is not only “story”, “explanation”, “message techniques”, “chronological reproduction of events”, but first of all the semantic load and what subjective meanings the author voices; it is a process of logical presentation of arguments (narration). The highly professional narrator uses narration as a “method of organizing discourse” around facts and impressions, impresses with his political erudition, extraordinary intelligence and creativity. Some of the above theses are reflected in the following illustrations from the Ukrainian media: “Culture outside politics” – a pro-Russian narrative…” (MP Gabibullayeva); “The next will be Russia – in the post-Soviet space is the Arab Spring…” (journalist Vitaly Portnikov); “In Russia, only the collapse of Ukraine will be perceived as success” (Pavel Klimkin); “Our army is fighting, hiding from the leadership” (Yuri Butusov).