Relevant bibliographies by topics / Synonymya / Dissertations / Theses

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Synonymya.

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Synonymya'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 14 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Synonymya.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

Schwinn, Patricia Janet. "Synonymy and the differentiation of synonyms : a case study; nouns of activity in Middle French." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357942.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Ferrara-Léturgie, Alice. "Histoire, tradition et filiation de la synonymie distinctive française : analyse contrastive des traités et dictionnaires de synonymie distinctive français de 1718 à 1884." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0678.

Full text

Abstract:

Entre 1718 et 1884, les ouvrages de synonymie composés en France ont exclusivement fait appel à la théorie de la synonymie distinctive. Une véritable tradition lexicographique s’est cristallisée autour du premier traité monolingue français composé par l’abbé Gabriel Girard en 1718, La Justesse de la langue françoise. L’apparition de cette tradition lexicographique résulte d’une conception théorique particulière de la synonymie. Il est effectivement question, au XVIIIe siècle, de contester la synonymie exacte, deux signifiants ne pouvant partager exactement le même signifié. Il s’ensuit une nécessité de distinguer les nuances sémantiques entre les unités lexicales. Durant un siècle et demi, 22 traités et dictionnaires de synonymie distinctive se sont succédé, leurs auteurs poursuivant l’objectif de rédiger le dictionnaire le plus complet tant quantitativement que qualitativement. Ce faisant, une filiation s’est progressivement constituée, chaque auteur élaborant son ouvrage à l’aide des précédents. Cette thèse propose une lecture génétique approfondie de ces 22 traités et dictionnaires afin de mesurer les tenants et aboutissants de cette tradition de la synonymie distinctive Between 1718 and 1884, the literature dealing with synonymy published in France exclusively used the theory of distinctive synonymy. A lexicographical tradition crystallized around the first French monolingual treaty made by Abbé Gabriel Girard in 1718, La Justesse de la langue françoise. The emergence of this lexicographical tradition results from a particular theoretical view of synonymy. Indeed, scholars from the XVIIIth century disputed the notion of exact synonymy, assuming that two signifiers cannot share the same exact signified. This resulted in a need to distinguish the semantic nuances between lexical units. For a century and a half, 22 treaties and distinctive synonymy dictionaries have been published. Their authors aimed at writing the most comprehensive dictionary, both quantitatively and qualitatively. In doing so, a lineage gradually appeared, each author developing his work based on the previous. This thesis proposes a comprehensive genetic reading of these 22 treaties and dictionaries to measure the ins and outs of this distinctive tradition of synonymy

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Cederblad, Gustav. "Finding Synonyms in Medical Texts : Creating a system for automatic synonym extraction from medical texts." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149643.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis describes the work of creating an automatic system for identifying synonyms and semantically related words in medical texts. Before this work, as a part of the project E-care@home, medical texts have been classified as either lay or specialized by both a lay annotator and an expert annotator. The lay annotator, in this case, is a person without any medical knowledge, whereas the expert annotator has professional knowledge in medicine. Using these texts made it possible to create co-occurrences matrices from which the related words could be identified. Fifteen medical terms were chosen as system input. The Dice similarity of these words in a context window of ten words around them was calculated. As output, five candidate related terms for each medical term was returned. Only unigrams were considered. The candidate related terms were evaluated using a questionnaire, where 223 healthcare professionals rated the similarity using a scale from one to five. A Fleiss kappa test showed that the agreement among these raters was 0.28, which is a fair agreement. The evaluation further showed that there was a significant correlation between the human ratings and the relatedness score (Dice similarity). That is, words with higher Dice similarity tended to get a higher human rating. However, the Dice similarity interval in which the words got the highest average human rating was 0.35-0.39. This result means that there is much room for improving the system. Further developments of the system should remove the unigram limitation and expand the corpus the provide a more accurate and reliable result.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Wallin, Moa. "Ambiguous synonyms : Implementing an unsupervised WSD system for division of synonym clusters containing multiple senses." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157622.

Full text

Abstract:

When clustering together synonyms, complications arise in cases of the words having multiple senses as each sense’s synonyms are erroneously clustered together. The task of automatically distinguishing word senses in cases of ambiguity, known as word sense disambiguation (WSD), has been an extensively researched problem over the years. This thesis studies the possibility of applying an unsupervised machine learning based WSD-system for analysing existing synonym clusters (N = 149) and dividing them correctly when two or more senses are present. Based on sense embeddings induced from a large corpus, cosine similarities are calculated between sense embeddings for words in the clusters, making it possible to suggest divisions in cases where different words are closer to different senses of a proposed ambiguous word. The system output is then evaluated by four participants, all experts in the area. The results show that the system does not manage to correctly divide the clusters in more than 31% of the cases according to the participants. Moreover, it is discovered that some differences exist between the participants’ ratings, although none of the participants predominantly agree with the system’s division of the clusters. Evidently, further research and improvements are needed and suggested for the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Hümmer, Christiane. "Synonymie bei phraseologischen Einheiten : eine korpusbasierte Untersuchung." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5105/.

Full text

Abstract:

Die vorliegende Dissertation widmet sich dem Thema Synonymie im besonderen Fall der phraseologischen Einheiten. Es handelt sich um eine korpusbasierte, empirische Untersuchung, die sich insbesondere mit der Frage beschäftigt, ob und inwiefern es möglich ist, sich typisch semantischen Kategorien wie Bedeutung, Idiomatizität, Bildlichkeit etc. über die Untersuchung typischer Verwendungsmuster zu nähern. Diese Themenstellung motiviert sich aus bisher in der linguistischen Literatur strittigen grundsätzlichen Aspekten der Diskussion um Bedeutung und Synonymie: Sie ist zum einen als Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis des Verhältnisses zwischen Verwendungsdaten und Bedeutung sowie zum Status traditioneller wörterbuchähnlicher Bedeutungsangaben innerhalb einer gebrauchsbasierten Semantik gedacht: Zum anderen geht es darum, detaillierte Erkenntnisse über die Übertragbarkeit des Konzepts Synonymie von Einzellexemen auf phraseologische Einheiten zu gewinnen. Unter der Annahme, dass menschliches Lernen bzw. Erschließen von Bedeutung primär empirisch funktioniert, ist die Analyse der Breite der Varianz des tatsächlichen kontextuellen Verhaltens phraseologischer Einheiten bei gleicher oder ähnlicher Bedeutung dazu geeignet, detaillierte Erkenntnisse über die Korrelation zwischen Bedeutungs- und Verwendungsaspekten sowie über den Einfluss phraseologiespezifischer Eigenschaften zu gewinnen. Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchung ist eine Gruppe phraseologischer Einheiten, die in Wörterbüchern als bedeutungsähnlich bzw. synonym klassifiziert werden. Unter diesen phraseologischen Einheiten finden sich Ausdrücke unterschiedlicher Bildlichkeit, Idiomatizität und morphosyntaktischer Struktur, von denen einige aus mehreren Inhaltswörtern bestehen, wie etwa jmd. schüttelt etw. aus dem Ärmel, jmd. hat etw. mit der Muttermilch eingesogen und jmd. weiß Bescheid, während andere lediglich Verbindungen eines Inhaltswortes mit einem oder mehreren Funktionswörtern und dem Verb haben oder sein darstellen. Zur letzteren Gruppe gehören unter anderem Ausdrücke wie jmd. hat das Zeug zu etw., jmd. ist auf Zack und jmd. ist vom Fach. Diese Heterogenität der zu untersuchenden Ausdrücke bezüglich ihres phraseologischen Status macht sie zu einem geeigneten Gegenstand der differenzierten Betrachtung der Rolle phraseologiespezifischer Eigenschaften für die Beschreibung von Bedeutung und Synonymie. Die Untersuchung besteht im ersten Schritt in einer detaillierten Annotation aller Vorkommenskontexte der phraseologischen Einheiten im Korpus des DWDS (Berlin-Brandeburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, www.dwds.de) auf Basis einer Reihe vordefinierter Analysekriterien. Aus dieser Annotation wird in einem zweiten Schritt eine Beschreibung der typischen Verwendungsmerkmale jeder einzelnen lexikalischen Einheit gewonnen. Gleichzeitig enstehen nach einer festgelegten Methode Bedeutungsbeschreibungen in Form von Paraphrasen, die auf elementare Bedeutungsbestandteile reduziert werden. Diese Bedeutungs- und Verwendungsbeschreibungen der untersuchten phraseologschen Einheiten bilden die Basis für den dritten Teil der Arbeit, in der die beiden Beschreibungsebenen aufeinander bezogen werden. Im Ergebnis zeigt die Arbeit, dass a) Zwischen Verwendung und Bedeutung lexikalischer (phraseologischer) Einheiten identifizierbare systematische Korrelationen bestehen, die einen datenzentrierten Zugang zur Untersuchung und Beschreibung lexikalischer Semantik ermöglichen. b) Innerhalb einer Gruppe von Synonymen so wie auch innerhalb einer erweiterten Menge quasisynonymer Ausdrücke jedem einzelnen Element ein eigener Platz zukommt, der dieses Element von allen anderen Elementen unterscheidet. c) Die Verwendungsdaten einer phraseologischen Einheit positive Evidenz für den individuellen Grad der Relevanz der Merkmale Festigkeit, Idiomatizität und Motiviertheit einer phraseologischen Einheit liefern. The present Ph.D.-dissertation addresses the subject of synonymy in the special case on Multi-Word Expressions. As a corpus-based, empirical study, it focusses around the question if and how it is possible to approach semantic categories such as meaning, idiomaticity and metaphoricity by analysing the characteristic usage patterns of a lexical unit. The study is driven by basic unresolved issues in the linguistic discussion on meaning and synonymy: On the one hand, it contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between usage data and meaning as well as on the status of traditional dictionary-like definitions in empirical semantics. On the other hand, it provides detailed insights on the applicability of the linguistc concept of synonymy - as it has been discussed for single lexemes – to lexicalized Multi-Word Expressions. On the basis of the assumption that human learning and grasping of meaning is a basically empirical process, the analysis of the variability of contextual behaviour of Multi-Word Expressions with identical or similar meaning constitutes a suitable way of gaining insights on the correlation between meaning and use as well as on the influence of specific properties of Multi-Word Expressions. The study starts out from a group of phraseological units that have been classified as synonymous in German phraseological dictionaries. These expressions differ their degree of idiomaticity, metaphoricity and morphosyntactic structure. Some of them – e.g. 'jmd. schüttelt etw. aus dem Ärmel' or 'jmd. hat etw. mit der Muttermilch eingesogen' (sb. does sth. with great ease) - comprise several content words whereas others are composed of only one content word together with one or more function words and the verb 'haven' (have) or 'sein' (be) – as it is the case for 'jmd. ist auf Zack', jmd. hat das Zeug zu etw.' and 'jmd. ist vom Fach' (sb. is able/competent in sth.). Their heterogeneity makes them a very good starting point for the research on the role played by phraseology-specific properties for meaning and synonymy. As a first step, the author realizes a detailed annotation of all occurrences of the these Multi-Word Expressions in the corpus of the DWDS (Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and the Humanities, www.dwds.de), using a series of predefined analysis criteria. From this analysis, she gains a description of their typical usage traits. In parallel, a neatly defined methodology leads to a set of meaning descriptions on the basis of dictionary paraphrases that are reduced to their elementary meaning components. In the last part of the study., these meaning and usage descriptions are then correlated yielding the following conclusions: a) Between meaning descriptions and usage patterns, systematic correlations can be devised that allow a data-driven approach to the semantics of lexical units. b)Within a group of synonyms, each element has its unique place, determined by its characteristic usage patterns. c) The usage data of a multi-word unit provide positive evidence forrr the degree of idiomaticity, morphosyntactic stability and metaphoricity of the expression.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Lakaw, Alexander. "The use of arise and rise in present-day British & American English : A corpus based analysis of two verbs." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1374.

Full text

Abstract:

This corpus based investigation deals with the present-day usage of and the semantic relation between the two verbs rise and arise. Concordance lines containing various forms of the two verbs in question have been taken from six different (sub)corpora and were examined in view of their collocational and semantic characteristics. The basic aims were to investigate the nowadays status of the verbs rise and arise and whether they (still) can be regarded as synonyms. The results show that both verbs can sometimes be used synonymously. Their general semantic relation appeared to be near-synonymy. Furthermore, both verbs seem to have developed a semantic specialisation, which is regarded a counterargument for the thesis that the verb arise is on the verge of dying out.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Doualan, Gaëlle. "Étude historique, épistémologique et descriptive de la synonymie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040149.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse se donne pour objectif d’étudier les apories théoriques et épistémologiques liées à la synonymie. Pour l’essentiel, ces problèmes se concentrent dans la faiblesse théorique de la notion par rapport au succès empirique dont elle jouit dans l’usage et les dictionnaires. Cette faiblesse théorique prend racine dans l’histoire de la notion : la synonymie a été définie en premier lieu par Aristote et a subi de nombreuses transformations au cours des siècles. La définition scientifique de la synonymie s’est constituée à partir de la synonymie distinctive des synonymistes. Les notions fondatrices de la linguistique moderne ont été appliquées à la synonymie alors qu’elle a été élaborée avant leur conception. La synonymie se plie mal aux cadres théoriques de la linguistique moderne d’où des apories. L’approche distinctive centre l’étude de la synonymie sur les différences de sens alors qu’elle repose sur des équivalences sémantiques approchées. L’histoire de la notion aide à éclairer les apories et à s’en distancier pour recentrer la notion sur les équivalences puisqu’elles rendent possibles la synonymie et sur le discours qui est le lieu de l’émergence du sens. Cela rompt avec la synonymie réduite à la recherche de différences de sens entre items lexicaux synonymes. Une approche onomasiologique et textuelle est mise en place pour proposer un nouveau cadre d’étude de la synonymie. Cette approche se manifeste par la détection de réseaux lexicaux témoignant de relations d’équivalence qui émergent en contexte. Pour tester cette approche, les réseaux lexicaux du vocabulaire du vice et de la vertu sont étudiés dans des textes du XVIIe siècle traitant de thèmes moraux This thesis studies theoretical and epistemological aporia of synonymy. These problems are concentrated in the theoretical weakness of synonymy in comparison with its empirical success both in usage and dictionaries. This theoretical weakness originates in the history of the notion: at first, synonymy had been defined by Aristoteles and was afterwards subjected to transformations during the following centuries. With the beginning of modern linguistics, scientific definition of synonymy had been built from the distinctive synonymy of French synonymists. The fundamental notions of modern linguistics, such as the opposition between language and discourse, had been applied to synonymy whereas it had been elaborated before their conception. Synonymy can hardly be submitted to modern linguistics theoretical frameworks without generating theoretical difficulties. The distinctive approach centers the study of synonymy on semantic differences whereas synonymy is based on approximate semantic equivalence. History of synonymy sheds light on aporia and helps to distance from it and to center the notion on the semantic equivalence because they make synonymy possible and on discourse because that is where sense emerges. This breaks off with the synonymy which is solely based on semantic differences between synonymic lexical items. An onomasiological and textual approach is set up to propose a new scientific framework to synonymy: this approach consists in the detection of lexical networks showing semantic relations appearing in context. To test this approach, lexical networks of vice and virtue vocabulary are studied in seventeenth century French texts treating moral themes

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Shao, Juan. "Synonymy and lexical priming : a cross-linguistic investigation of synonymy from corpus and psycholinguistic perspectives." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3021737/.

Full text

Abstract:

With the development of computer technology and the availability of large corpora, recent linguistic studies have provided us with instances where looking at authentic language data has produced modifications of the way we think about language. A reconsideration of linguistic categories starts to emerge, with traditional terms being rejected or redefined. This research addresses the topic of synonymy from corpus and psycholinguistic perspectives both in English and Chinese to see whether we need to make modifications to the notion of synonymy. The research starts with a psycholinguistic experiment to explore the psychological reality of synonymy. A word association test is carried out and the results show that people often do not have a shared sense of synonymy. On the one hand, people may offer various words as candidate synonyms for different types of prompt words. The words provided by the participants may be considered on occasion to be co-hyponymous, metonymous, or meronymous and or to be in a metaphorical relationship with the prompt words. On the other hand, there was found to be a relationship between candidate synonyms provided and the personal profile of the participants, including age, gender and subject field. The result of the psycholinguistic experiment seems to suggest that in people’s minds the notion of synonymy exists but its boundaries with other semantic relations are sometimes unclear and synonymy is not a concept of clear-cut category. To test whether a corpus approach can elicit similar findings to those of the psycholinguistic experiment, a corpus-driven analysis of eleven English candidate synonyms is carried out to test the validity of the notion of synonymy. It finds that the concept of synonymy is still usable but needs modification. Using a scale of similarity, we can only say that words are highly synonymous or synonymous to a certain degree. It is therefore concluded that well-established semantic relations such as synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, metonymy and meronymy are helpful in talking about how words may be related to each other, but that it is not always possible, when looking at corpus data, to allocate a pair of words to one of these relations rather than another. To test whether these findings for English are also true for Chinese, a case study comparing a pair of potential English synonyms with a pair of potential Chinese synonyms of equivalent meaning is first conducted to explore whether Chinese near-synonyms are primed differently in terms of their collocations, colligations, semantic associations and pragmatic associations. Then ten potentially synonymous words in Chinese are analysed. The results show that, as was found for English, the notion of synonymy is valid in discussions of Chinese lexis, but the boundary between synonymy and cohyponymy is sometimes blurred. The similarities and differences between candidate synonyms both in English and Chinese could be identified with the categories utilised in lexical priming and the strength of synonymy among candidate synonyms could be measured by these categories. Combining the findings of both the corpus analysis and the psycholinguistic experiment, the research shows that the notion of synonymy is more complex than we may think and that the ways people are primed may suggest possible explanations for the complexity of this linguistic phenomenon.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

HAMMOND, ALLISON E. "SYNONYMS FOR MAYBE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116266080.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Sabourin, Laura L. "The interaction of suffixation with synonymy and antonymy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0008/MQ34411.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Ntakirutimana, Jean Berchmans. "Désambiguïsation de la synonymie adjectivale." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/NQ42263.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Gorbunova, Raisa. "L'étude des synonymes en Russie /." Lyon : Institut d'études slaves André Lirondelle, Université Jean Moulin, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37193596b.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Batteux, Martina. "Die französische Synonymie im Spannungsfeld zwischen Paradigmatik und Syntagmatik." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14448.

Full text

Abstract:

Der Ausgangspunkt der Synonymiediskussion kann in Frankreich im 17. Jahrhundert angesetzt werden. Die Synonymieproblematik berührt verschiedene linguistische Teildisziplinen. Synonymie wird als Bedeutungsähnlichkeit interpretiert, die sich durch gleiche / ähnliche semantische Merkmale manifestiert. Die durchgeführten Substitutionstests belegen dies und andere Hypothesen: Die Verlagerung der Synonymie auf die Sememebene wird verifiziert und die notwendige Textorientierung in der Synonymiediskussion bestätigt. Paradigmatische und syntagmatische Aspekte beeinflussen dabei die Synonymenwahl. Der Zusammenhang von Synonymie und Diaphasik zeigt, dass Synonyme stilistische Variationen aufweisen können. Nur in Ausnahmefällen werden diatopische und diastratische Elemente synonym zu den Äquivalenten der Allgemeinsprache gebraucht. Die Interaktion der beiden Differenzierungskriterien in der Synonymenwahl - Syntax und Semantik - beeinflusst die Probandenentscheidung. Wörter, die nachweislich synonyme Sememe enthalten, können aufgrund von Kollokationen nicht immer als synonym identifiziert werden. The starting point of the discussion about synonymy can be set in France in the 17th century. The problem of synonymy comes into contact with different linguistic disciplines. Synonymy is interpreted as semantic similarity displayed on the level of identical / similar semantic features. Substitutional tests verify this and other hypotheses: The shift of synonymy to the semem level could be verified and the necessary context orientation within the discussion about synonymy could be confirmed. Paradigmatic and syntagmatic aspects have an impact on the choice of synonyms. The interrelation between synonymy and diaphasic variety reveals that synonyms can show stylistic variations. Diatopic and diastratic variations are used as synonyms to common language equivalents only in exceptional circumstances. The interaction of syntax and semantics - both distinction criterions for the choice of synonyms - influence the test persons' decision. Words that provably contain synonymous semems cannot always be identified as synonymous because of collocations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Salomaa, Pauliina. "Tvärspråkliga synonymer hos finsk-svenska barn." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19886.

Full text

Abstract:

Volterra och Taeschner (1978) menar att barn under 2 år inte använder tvärspråkliga synonymer eftersom orden från början är organiserat i ett språksystem, inte två. Syftet med studien är att jämföra sammansättningen av samtidigt tvåspråkiga barns ordförråd, speciellt med avseende på tvärspråkliga synonymer .19 föräldrar har deltagit i studien med barn som är 16-28 månader gamla. I studien har CDI formuläret använts på finska och svenska. De flesta av deltagarna var fortfarande hemma med föräldraledig förälder och de flesta av dessa var finskspråkiga. De som gick på förskola gick på finskspråkig förskola. Resultatet visade att barn tidigt använder tvärspråkliga synonymer och att tvärspråkliga synonymer är speciellt vanliga för substantiv.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abedjan, Ziawasch. "Improving RDF data with data mining." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7133/.

Full text

Abstract:

Linked Open Data (LOD) comprises very many and often large public data sets and knowledge bases. Those datasets are mostly presented in the RDF triple structure of subject, predicate, and object, where each triple represents a statement or fact. Unfortunately, the heterogeneity of available open data requires significant integration steps before it can be used in applications. Meta information, such as ontological definitions and exact range definitions of predicates, are desirable and ideally provided by an ontology. However in the context of LOD, ontologies are often incomplete or simply not available. Thus, it is useful to automatically generate meta information, such as ontological dependencies, range definitions, and topical classifications. Association rule mining, which was originally applied for sales analysis on transactional databases, is a promising and novel technique to explore such data. We designed an adaptation of this technique for min-ing Rdf data and introduce the concept of “mining configurations”, which allows us to mine RDF data sets in various ways. Different configurations enable us to identify schema and value dependencies that in combination result in interesting use cases. To this end, we present rule-based approaches for auto-completion, data enrichment, ontology improvement, and query relaxation. Auto-completion remedies the problem of inconsistent ontology usage, providing an editing user with a sorted list of commonly used predicates. A combination of different configurations step extends this approach to create completely new facts for a knowledge base. We present two approaches for fact generation, a user-based approach where a user selects the entity to be amended with new facts and a data-driven approach where an algorithm discovers entities that have to be amended with missing facts. As knowledge bases constantly grow and evolve, another approach to improve the usage of RDF data is to improve existing ontologies. Here, we present an association rule based approach to reconcile ontology and data. Interlacing different mining configurations, we infer an algorithm to discover synonymously used predicates. Those predicates can be used to expand query results and to support users during query formulation. We provide a wide range of experiments on real world datasets for each use case. The experiments and evaluations show the added value of association rule mining for the integration and usability of RDF data and confirm the appropriateness of our mining configuration methodology. Linked Open Data (LOD) umfasst viele und oft sehr große öffentlichen Datensätze und Wissensbanken, die hauptsächlich in der RDF Triplestruktur bestehend aus Subjekt, Prädikat und Objekt vorkommen. Dabei repräsentiert jedes Triple einen Fakt. Unglücklicherweise erfordert die Heterogenität der verfügbaren öffentlichen Daten signifikante Integrationsschritte bevor die Daten in Anwendungen genutzt werden können. Meta-Daten wie ontologische Strukturen und Bereichsdefinitionen von Prädikaten sind zwar wünschenswert und idealerweise durch eine Wissensbank verfügbar. Jedoch sind Wissensbanken im Kontext von LOD oft unvollständig oder einfach nicht verfügbar. Deshalb ist es nützlich automatisch Meta-Informationen, wie ontologische Abhängigkeiten, Bereichs-und Domänendefinitionen und thematische Assoziationen von Ressourcen generieren zu können. Eine neue und vielversprechende Technik um solche Daten zu untersuchen basiert auf das entdecken von Assoziationsregeln, welche ursprünglich für Verkaufsanalysen in transaktionalen Datenbanken angewendet wurde. Wir haben eine Adaptierung dieser Technik auf RDF Daten entworfen und stellen das Konzept der Mining Konfigurationen vor, welches uns befähigt in RDF Daten auf unterschiedlichen Weisen Muster zu erkennen. Verschiedene Konfigurationen erlauben uns Schema- und Wertbeziehungen zu erkennen, die für interessante Anwendungen genutzt werden können. In dem Sinne, stellen wir assoziationsbasierte Verfahren für eine Prädikatvorschlagsverfahren, Datenvervollständigung, Ontologieverbesserung und Anfrageerleichterung vor. Das Vorschlagen von Prädikaten behandelt das Problem der inkonsistenten Verwendung von Ontologien, indem einem Benutzer, der einen neuen Fakt einem Rdf-Datensatz hinzufügen will, eine sortierte Liste von passenden Prädikaten vorgeschlagen wird. Eine Kombinierung von verschiedenen Konfigurationen erweitert dieses Verfahren sodass automatisch komplett neue Fakten für eine Wissensbank generiert werden. Hierbei stellen wir zwei Verfahren vor, einen nutzergesteuertenVerfahren, bei dem ein Nutzer die Entität aussucht die erweitert werden soll und einen datengesteuerten Ansatz, bei dem ein Algorithmus selbst die Entitäten aussucht, die mit fehlenden Fakten erweitert werden. Da Wissensbanken stetig wachsen und sich verändern, ist ein anderer Ansatz um die Verwendung von RDF Daten zu erleichtern die Verbesserung von Ontologien. Hierbei präsentieren wir ein Assoziationsregeln-basiertes Verfahren, der Daten und zugrundeliegende Ontologien zusammenführt. Durch die Verflechtung von unterschiedlichen Konfigurationen leiten wir einen neuen Algorithmus her, der gleichbedeutende Prädikate entdeckt. Diese Prädikate können benutzt werden um Ergebnisse einer Anfrage zu erweitern oder einen Nutzer während einer Anfrage zu unterstützen. Für jeden unserer vorgestellten Anwendungen präsentieren wir eine große Auswahl an Experimenten auf Realweltdatensätzen. Die Experimente und Evaluierungen zeigen den Mehrwert von Assoziationsregeln-Generierung für die Integration und Nutzbarkeit von RDF Daten und bestätigen die Angemessenheit unserer konfigurationsbasierten Methodologie um solche Regeln herzuleiten.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Elewa, Abdel-Hamid. "Collocation and synonymy in Classical Arabic : a corpus-based study." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488171.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Gotoh, Tomohisa, Ayako Kuno, Eiji Hirao, Takeshi Furuhashi, Tomohiro Yoshikawa, and Yasushi Kawai. "Detection of synonyms in specification documents." IEEE, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20855.

Full text

Abstract:

2012 Joint 6th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems (SCIS) and 13th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (ISIS) (SCIS-ISIS 2012). November 20-24, 2012, Kobe, Japan

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Hümmer, Christiane. "Synonymie bei phraseologischen Einheiten eine korpusbasierte Untersuchung." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2007. http://d-nb.info/990962709/04.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Elfassi, Jacques. "Les Synonyma d'Isidore de Séville : édition critique et histoire du texte." Paris, EPHE, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPHE4036.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse offre la première édition critique des Synonyma d'Isidore de Séville. Sont d'abord répertoriés tous les manuscrits des Synonyma, soit 491 copies du VIIe au XVIe siècle, puis les manuscrits comportant des extraits de l'œuvre (112). La comparaison des manuscrits les plus anciens permet de distinguer deux recensions: ces deux versions semblent authentiques et issues d'un même modèle qu'Isidore aurait corrigé de manière indépendante. Après l'établissement du stemma de chaque recension, 19 manuscrits sont retenus pour l'édition critique: celle-ci tient compte des deux rédactions et l'apparat des sources montre l'importance des emprunts faits par Isidore. L'édition est suivie d'une traduction française. L'étude de la tradition manuscrite est complétée par une étude littéraire: date de composition, étude des sources, de la langue et du style synonymique. Enfin, une part importante de la thèse est consacrée à l'histoire de la transmission manuscrite et à la réception de l'œuvre par les lecteurs du Moyen--âge: étude des titres et prologues, œuvres avec lesquelles les Synonyma sont souvent associés dans les manuscrits, liste des inventaires anciens mentionnant l'ouvrage, étude des centons, de la postérité littéraire et de toutes les éditions. Il apparaît que l'œuvre fut un des "best-sellers" du Moyen-âge et qu'elle fut surtout lue comme un traité moral.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abakumova, Olga. "The use of the prepositions to and with after the verb to talk in British and American English : A corpus-based study." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1376.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper is a study of the use of the prepositions to/with after the verb to talk in British and American English. The research is based on the material from the COBUILDDirect corpus, Longman American Spoken Corpus and New York Times CD-ROM. The common and different features of the use of talk to/with in different genres of American and British English as well as in written and spoken English were studied; special attention was paid to the factors which influence the choice of the prepositions. The research has shown that generally talk with is used much less than talk to and probably is undergoing the process of narrowing of meaning. With after talk seems to be used most often to refer to two-way communication while talk to is used to refer to both one- and two-way communication and is, therefore, more universal than talk with.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Keskisärkkä, Robin. "Automatic Text Simplification via Synonym Replacement." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-84637.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study automatic lexical simplification via synonym replacement in Swedish was investigated using three different strategies for choosing alternative synonyms: based on word frequency, based on word length, and based on level of synonymy. These strategies were evaluated in terms of standardized readability metrics for Swedish, average word length, proportion of long words, and in relation to the ratio of errors (type A) and number of replacements. The effect of replacements on different genres of texts was also examined. The results show that replacement based on word frequency and word length can improve readability in terms of established metrics for Swedish texts for all genres but that the risk of introducing errors is high. Attempts were made at identifying criteria thresholds that would decrease the ratio of errors but no general thresholds could be identified. In a final experiment word frequency and level of synonymy were combined using predefined thresholds. When more than one word passed the thresholds word frequency or level of synonymy was prioritized. The strategy was significantly better than word frequency alone when looking at all texts and prioritizing level of synonymy. Both prioritizing frequency and level of synonymy were significantly better for the newspaper texts. The results indicate that synonym replacement on a one-to-one word level is very likely to produce errors. Automatic lexical simplification should therefore not be regarded a trivial task, which is too often the case in research literature. In order to evaluate the true quality of the texts it would be valuable to take into account the specific reader. A simplified text that contains some errors but which fails to appreciate subtle differences in terminology can still be very useful if the original text is too difficult to comprehend to the unassisted reader.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Tran, Manh Dat. "Contribution à l'étude contrastive de l'antonymie en français et en vietnamien." Besançon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BESA1011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Batteux, Martina. "Die französische Synonymie im Spannungsfeld zwischen Paradigmatik und Syntagmatik." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=958738696.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Hénault-Sakhno, Christine. "Problèmes de synonymie dans une approche linguistique contrastive : verbes de perception visuelle en français et en russe." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100036.

Full text

Abstract:

L'analyse contrastive, qui permet de voir comment chaque langue construit, avec ses ressources lexicales et morphosyntaxiques propres, des configurations signifiantes spécifiques, est une nouvelle façon d'aborder la synonymie lexicale, phénomène linguistique qui a une importance toute particulière car il se trouve au coeur même du sens et du langage. Les données étudiées (issues de textes littéraires français comparés avec leurs traductions russes) montrent que les prédicats de perception visuelle en français et en russe constituent des systèmes complexes et ramifiés dont les contours sont difficiles à circonscrire. Les équivalences directes et univoques entre les unités analogues sont rares. . The contrastive analysis is a new way of describing lexical synonymy, a very important linguistic phenomenon because of its situation in the very heart of meaning and in that of speech : this approach can let us know how each language builds, with its own lexical and morpho-syntaxic means, specific signifying configurations. The described data (chosen in French literary texts compared with their translations in Russian) give evidence for semantic complexity of the visual perception verbs both in French and in Russian, verbs which constitute ramified frames with fuzzy shapes. Cases of plain and direct equivalence are not frequent. .

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Svensson, Cassandra. "An eye-tracking study on synonym replacement." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119380.

Full text

Abstract:

As the amount of information increase, the need for automatic textsimplication also increase. There are some strategies for doing thatand this thesis has studied two basic synonym replacement strategies.The rst one is called word length and is about always choosinga shorter synonym if it is possible. The second one is called wordfrequency and is about always choosing a more frequent synonym if itis possible. Three dierent versions of them were tried. The rst onewas about just choosing the shortest or most frequent synonym. Thesecond was about only choosing a synonym if it was extremely shorteror more frequent. The last was about only choosing a synonym if itmet the requirements for being replaced and was on synonym level 5.Statistical analysis of the data revealed no signicant dierence. Butsmall trends showed that always choosing a more frequent synonymthat is of level 5 seemed to make the text a bit easier.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Di, Sciacca Claudia. "The Synonyma by Isidore of Seville as a source in Anglo-Saxon England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620663.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Fernando, Indira Luísa Felícia. "Sinonímia terminológica nos despachos e regulamentos do Gabinete do Ministério do Ensino Superior: proposta de harmonização." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/23078.

Full text

Abstract:

A Terminologia pode ser encarada como uma área particular da Lexicologia, uma vez que trata, não de todas as palavras da língua, mas de um léxico de especialidade. Esta dissertação debruça-se sobre o subcódigo da linguagem jurídica, procurando analisar a incidência do uso da sinonímia nos documentos produzidos no gabinete jurídico do Ministério do Ensino Superior de Angola. Neste sentido, pretende-se propor uma harmonização de termos com a finalidade de melhorar a utilização da terminologia e linguagem de especialidade neste departamento ministerial. A nossa hipótese geral resultou de uma constatação, a priori: a inexistência de harmonização de termos jurídicos, não só no Ministério do Ensino Superior, mas também em outras instituições angolanas. Para a realização deste trabalho, selecionámos, organizámos e realizámos a análise de um corpus de textos administrativos produzidos no gabinete jurídico do Ministério do Ensino Superior de Angola; ABSTRACT: Synonym Terminology in despatches and regulation of the legal office of the Ministry of Higher Education : Proposal for harmonization. Terminology can be deemed as a particular area of Lexicology, since its’ essence does not concern to a language’s entire vocabulary, but to a lexicon of specialty. This dissertation shall focus on the legal language, which can be categorized as a specific category of a language, while to examining the incidence of the use of synonymy in documents produced by Angolan’s Ministry of Higher Education legal office. In this sense, we intend to present a harmonization of terms in order to improve the terminology and language of specialty in use at this ministerial department. Our general thesis resulted from a preceding realization of the lack of harmonization of legal terms not only in the Ministry of Higher Education, but also in other Angolan institutions. On the course of this task, we selected, organized and performed the analysis of a corpus of administrative texts produced by the legal cabinet of the Ministry of Higher Education of Angola.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Andre, Dominique. "Étude sémantique du substantif pouvoir dans Les Rougon-Macquart de Zola." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20046/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Le pouvoir est un élément clef dans l’œuvre de Zola, qui a été le premier à prendre pour sujet d’un roman le pouvoir politique dans Son Excellence Eugène Rougon. Aussi proposons-nous dans cette thèse l’étude du substantif pouvoir, qui est un mot abstrait, à la polysémie remarquable.La première partie est une étude lexicologique et lexicographique du substantif pouvoir en langue. L’étude lexicologique présente à partir des notions de base de la sémantique lexicale, la polysémie, le champ synonymique, le contexte et les connotations de pouvoir. L’étude lexicographique permet de suivre l’évolution de ce déverbal du point de vue diachronique depuis sa première acception attestée en 842, en distinguant ses différents sens en ancien français, en français préclassique, en français classique, en français moderne et en français contemporain.Le substantif pouvoir est ensuite étudié en discours dans le cycle romanesque des Rougon-Macquart de Zola. La deuxième partie propose une approche sémasiologique dans laquelle chacune de ses cent trente-neuf occurrences est classée selon un sens dominant, dans les vingt romans. On offre ainsi une représentation de la répartition des sens de pouvoir à partir d’une étude des contextes étroits de ce mot. En contexte, on observe qu’il est parfois difficile de cerner les significations du substantif pouvoir qui présente des ambiguïtés, des glissements d’une signification à l’autre, par rapport à l’étude en langue. On peut dire que cette étude apporte un autre éclairage sur le mot pouvoir en inscrivant sa polysémie dans un continuum de sens. La troisième partie s’intéresse d’un point de vue onomasiologique, à partir d’une étude de contextes larges, aux trois champs sémantiques de pouvoir. Son champ générique est composé des synonymes autorité, puissance, toute-puissance, ascendant, domination, empire, force, trône. Son champ associatif, analysé à partir de ses différentes significations, peut se récapituler au moyen de sept mots clefs représentatifs : le régime politique, les appétits, la bande, la force, l’impuissance, la chute, la disgrâce. Son champ actanciel met en lumière la prépondérance des actants appartenant à la famille Rougon-Macquart par rapport aux autres personnages en ce qui concerne le pouvoir.Cette recherche, en alliant langue et discours, a l’intérêt de montrer que le classement en double réseau de pouvoir au sens de « capacité » et de pouvoir au sens d’ « autorité » n’apparaît pas dans Zola. Celui-ci choisit en effet de privilégier massivement l’utilisation des significations de pouvoir ayant trait à l’autorité ce qui montre son orientation par rapport à ses personnages, qu’il fait détenteurs d’une autorité sans qu’ils en aient nécessairement la capacité Power is a key element in the work of Zola, who was the first author to make political power the subject of a novel in Son Excellence Eugène Rougon. This thesis will therefore study the noun pouvoir (power), an abstract word whose polysemy is extensive.The first part is a lexicological and lexicographic study of the noun pouvoir in French considered as a language system (langue). The lexicological study uses basic notions of lexical semantics to present the polysemy, synonyms, context and connotations of pouvoir. The lexicographic study offers a diachronic analysis of this verbal noun from its first attested use in 842, reviewing its different meanings in old, pre-classical, classical, modern and contemporary French.The second part goes on to study pouvoir in a discourse setting in Zola’s Rougon-Macquart cycle. Using a semasiological approach, the 139 occurrences of the word across the twenty novels are classified according to a dominant meaning. This makes it possible to show the range of meanings of the word based on an analysis of the precise contexts in which it is used. In context, it becomes apparent that it is sometimes difficult to define the word’s meaning precisely, since ambiguities or slippages are observed with respect to the meanings established in the study of the overall language system. This part of the thesis thus sheds a different light on the word, by situating its polysemy in a continuum of meanings.The third part uses an onomasiological approach, analysing the broader contexts of the use of the word to establish three semantic fields of pouvoir. Its generic field is composed of the synonyms autorité (authority), puissance (power, capacity), toute-puissance (omnipotence), ascendant (ascendancy, influence), domination (domination), empire (empire), force (force), trône (throne). Its associative field, analysed through the different meanings of the word, can be summarised in seven representative key words : régime politique (political regime), appétits (appetites), bande (gang), force (force), impuissance (powerlessness), chute (fall), and disgrâce (disgrace). Finally an analysis of the actantial field of the word reveals that members of the Rougon-Macquart family are over-represented compared to other characters in actant positions related to power.Adopting an approach which spans the divide between language as system (langue) and discourse, this study shows that the double semantic reach of pouvoir as ‘capability’ (capacité) and ‘authority’ (autorité) is not present in Zola. Zola chooses to give massive priority to meanings of pouvoir which relate to authority. This serves to reveal the author’s attitude towards his characters, who possess authority without necessarily having the corresponding capability

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Mehl, Stephan. "Synonyme bei der Erzeugung, Generierung und Produktion natürlicher Sprache." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2001. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-12132001-144033/.

Full text

Abstract:

Varying words in natural language generation requires the use of syn-onyms. In traditional dictionaries, however, the formal representation of synonyms is difficult due to their dependence on context. In addition to that, not all synonyms enhance the readability and comprehensibility of a text equally well. It is proposed to take the context of synonyms into account by using a spreading activation mechanism in a semantic network. Several criteria are discussed to choose among the so-obtained alternatives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Edmonds, Philip Glenny. "Semantic representations of near-synonyms for automatic lexical choice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0017/NQ45664.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Wargärde, Nicko. "Using WordNet Synonyms and Hypernyms in Automatic Topic Detection." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97745.

Full text

Abstract:

Detecting topics by extracting keywords from written text using TF-IDF has been studied and successfully used in many applications. Adding a semantic layer to TF-IDF-based topic detection using WordNet synonyms and hypernyms has been explored in document clustering by assigning concepts that describe texts or by adding all synonyms and hypernyms that occurring words have to a list of keywords. A new method where TF-IDF scores are calculated and WordNet synset members’ TF-IDFscores are added together to all occurring synonyms and/or hypernyms is explored in this paper. Here, such an approach is evaluated by comparing extracted keywords using TF-IDF and the new proposed method, SynPlusTF-IDF, against manually assigned keywords in a database of scientific abstracts. As topic detection is widely used in many contexts and applications, improving current methods is of great value as the methods can become more accurate at extracting correct and relevant keywords from written text. An experiment was conducted comparing the two methods and their accuracy measured using precision and recall and by calculating F1-scores.The F1-scores ranged from 0.11131 to 0.14264 for different variables and the results show that SynPlusTF-IDF is not better at topic detection compared to TF-IDF and both methods performed poorly at topic detection with the chosen dataset.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Охріменко, А. П. "Роль синонімів у позначенні семантики алонімів". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67204.

Full text

Abstract:

Літературознавчий словник-довідник визначає синоніми як «слова, відмінні за звучанням, але однакові чи близькі за змістом» [1]. Проте слід пам’ятати, що такі слова різняться між собою відтінками лексичного значення, стилістичним забарвленням та сполучуваністю з іншими словами. А оскільки у теорії мови є чимало мета метазнаків, традиційно вивчається саме така група лексики як синоніми.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Sparks, Jonathan William. "The Impact of Image Synonyms in Graphical-Based Authentication Systems." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/33.

Full text

Abstract:

Traditional text-based passwords used for authentication in information systems have several known issues in the areas of usability and security. Research has shown that when users generate passwords for systems, they tend to create passwords that are subject to compromise more so than those created randomly by the computer. Research has also shown that users have difficulty remembering highly secure, randomly created, text-based passwords. Graphical-based passwords have been shown to be highly memorable for users when applied to system authentication. However, graphical-based authentication systems require additional cognitive load to recognize and enter a password compared to traditional text-based authentication that is more muscle-memory. This increase in cognitive load causes an increased security risk of shoulder-surfing created from the longer amount of time needed to input a password. Graphical-based authentication systems use the same images for each possible input value. This makes these authentication systems vulnerable to attackers. The attackers use their ability to remember visual information to compromise a graphical-based password. This study conducted research into a graphical-based authentication scheme that implemented pictorial synonyms. The goal is to decrease security risk of graphical-based authentication systems while maintaining (or even increasing) the usability of these systems. To accomplish this goal, a study to evaluate the impact on the cognitive load required using an image synonym authentication system compared to traditional graphical-based authentication schemes. The research found that there was not a significant difference in the areas of user cognitive load, shoulder-surfing threat, and user effectiveness. The research evaluated users' accuracy, cognitive load, and time to authenticate and found to have significant impact of pictorial synonyms on graphical-based authentication systems. The research shows that the accuracy of pictorial synonyms was greater than word password. This appears to due to people's ability to recall pictorial information over text information. Future research should look at the impact of pictorial synonyms on shoulder-surfing attackers and different ages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Gaudinskaitė, Danguolė. "Vietų pavadinimų darybiniai sinonimai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050606_160314-58797.

Full text

Abstract:

Derivative synonyms of the names of places Summary Master‘s work object: derivative synonyms of the names of places, their rows formed from derivatives from the Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian published in 2000. Derivative synonyms of the names of places are the kind of synonyms which have the same root, different derivational affixes and very similar or identical lexical meaning (524 derivatives, 220 rows). The place is named according its things, qualities or actions. The theme is relevant because derivative synonyms had not been explored in Lithuania so far. In this work theoretical aspects of derivative synonyms are discussed on the basis of concreat material – derivative synonyms of the names of places: concept of derivative synonyms, the relation of variants of derivative synonyms and words, derivative synonyms and style. Also synonymical derivatives of the names of places are analysed (ways of derivation, means and various combinations, synonymical derivatives of different suffixes, inflections, prefixes and compound words). The main purpose of this work is to show that there are semantically and stylistically similar or identical derivative synonyms in the category of derivation of the names of places. Objectives: to show the difference between derivative synonyms of the names of places and variants of the names of places; to discuss derivative synonyms of the names of places in point of polysemy; to show stylistic variety of derivative synonyms; to show variety and... [to full text]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Elofsson, Emma. "Effekten av avståndsoperatorer samt expansion med synonymer med avseende på återvinningseffektiviteten." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18283.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis examines the effects of proximity operators and query expansion with synonyms on retrieval performance. The queries were expanded with synonyms and structured with proximity operators where the permitted distance between terms varied from 1 to 3. The expansion terms were selected from the online lexical reference system WordNet. Initial query terms were selected from 28 topics that contained compound words and were chosen on the basis of their expandibility. The English morphological analyser ENGTWOL was used for normalization of query terms. Queries were executed in the Interactive Query Performance Analyser, QPA, containing the InQuery system. The test collection used was TREC-UTA containing documents, topics and a set of relevant documents per given topic. The measures used in the study were average precision, precision at 10 retrieved documents and recall at 200 retrieved documents. The results of the study show that query expansion with synonyms did not improve retrieval performance and neither did query structuring with proximity operators. This result was in a way surprising since earlier studies have obtained improvements when queries were expanded and structured. Further investigation on phrases using proximity operators was also suggested. Uppsatsnivå: D

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Masevičienė, Egidija. "Darybiniai sinonimai leksinių sinonimų eilėse." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100903_125204-78736.

Full text

Abstract:

Leksiniai sinonimai – skirtingai skambantys, tos pačios ar artimos reikšmės žodžiai, kurie skiriasi semantinėmis, emocinėmis, stilistinėmis ypatybėmis. Darybiniais sinonimais laikomi skirtingų darybos afiksų bendrašakniai dariniai, turintys tapačią arba artimą leksinę ir darybinę reikšmę. Į leksinių sinonimų eiles dažnai įeina ir darybinių sinonimų eilės. Antano Lyberio Sinonimų žodyne (2002) pateiktose leksinių sinonimų eilėse rastas 4471 daiktavardžių, būdvardžių, veiksmažodžių darinys, iš kurių sudarytos 1836 darybinių sinonimų eilės. Bendrašakniai dariniai, kaip ir leksiniai sinonimai, gali sutapti ar skirtis stilistinėmis ypatybėmis. Daugumas sinonimiškai santykiaujančių darinių yra artimos semantikos žodžiai. Analizuojant darybinius sinonimus leksinių sinonimų eilėse pastebėta, kad ne visi žodžiai, esantys Lietuvių kalbos žodyne ir Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodyne, yra įtraukti į A. Lyberio Sinonimų žodyną. Remiantis šių žodynų medžiaga, į Sinonimų žodyną siūloma įtraukti 800 žodžių ir pratęsti 82 leksinių sinonimų eiles. Iš į Sinonimų žodyną neįtrauktų darinių sudarytos 123 naujos darybinių sinonimų eilės: į 94 eilių sudėtį įeina Sinonimų žodyne fiksuotas darinys, 29 darybinių sinonimų eilės sudarytos vien iš naujų darinių. Sinonimų žodyne rasta žodžių, kurie nefiksuojami nei Lietuvių kalbos žodyne, nei Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodyne, todėl nėra aišku, kokiu kriterijumi remiantis jie buvo įtraukti į žodyną. Lexical synonyms are differently sounding words of the same or close meaning that are different by semantic, emotional or stylistic features. Derivative synonyms are structures of different affix with identical or close lexical and derivation meaning. Lexical synonyms rows often included derivative synonyms rows. Dictionary of Synonyms (Sinonimų žodynas, 2002) by Antanas Lyberis submitted lexical synonyms rows were found 4471 noun, adjective and verb derivatives, which were made 1836 derivative synonyms rows. Conjugate structures, as well as lexical synonyms, may be the same or vary by stylistic features. Most of the derivatives, having synonymous relationships, are close semantic words. Analysis of derivative synonyms in lexical synonym rows noted that not all the words in Lithuanian Language Dictionary (Lietuvių kalbos žodynas), Current Lithuanian Dictionary (Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas) are included in Dictionary of Synonyms by Antanas Lyberis. According to these dictionaries material, it is proposed to include 800 words extend 82 lexical synonym rows in Dictionary of Synonyms. Were made 123 new derivative synonym rows from the words that were not included into Dictionary of Synonyms: 94 rows containing fixed derivatives of Dictionary of Synonyms, 29 derivative synonym rows consisting entirely of new structures. In Dictionary of Synonyms were found words not included into Lithuanian Language Dictionary, Current Lithuanian Dictionary, so it is not clear by which... [to full text]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Holland, Cynthia Rose. "Does synonym priming exist on a word completion task?" Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056121526.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bourja, Yahya. "Sémantique de l'antonymie en arabe classique." Strasbourg 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20009.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette recherché est consacrée aux antonymes dans la langue arabe classique, puisque nous avons produit une étude sémantique qui regroupe les antonymes sous deux catégories : 1- Les antonymes. 2- antonymes Les antithétiques (les ad?dâd). Comme l'antonymie antithétique requiert l'attention des anciens philologues et grammairiens arabes, nous avons réalisé une liste des ad?dâd afin de localiser le champ sémantique des antonymes antithétiques et faciliter leurs analyses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Videkull, Marianne. "J'amène le champagne, tu apportes les verres? : la concurrence entre les verbes de déplacement amener/apporter et emmener/emporter en français moderne : aspects sémantico-pragmatiques." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Moderna språk, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60846.

Full text

Abstract:

This monograph is an empirical study of the competition between the French movement verbs amener/apporter and emmener/emporter, regarded as partial synonyms in the sense that they are interchangeable in certain contexts. The main purpose of this study is to account for these competing verbs from the perspective of actual language use, and to determine to what extent they are synonymous. The study is based on a corpus of French newspaper texts, some literary texts and the answers from a group of informants. It is shown that these lexemes cannot be defined by the principle of shared properties of all the senses represented. They are best analysed as polysemous within the framework of the prototype theory, according to which there is a basic sense from which the other secondary senses are derived through metaphor or metonymy. In the case of these verbs the competition between them arises through the widening of the semantic content of the verbs amener and emmener, extended to the use of inanimate objects uncapable of movement. This case normally calls for the use of the verbs apporter et emporter. In response to the question of the degree of synonymy between these verbs, when adopting a cognitive perspective, it is argued that they are to be considered as lexical variants rather than as perfect synonyms, in the sense that they focus on different aspects of the described movement. In other words, there is an aspectual difference between these closely related lexemes which is determined not only by inherent semantic properties, but to a large extent also by non-linguistic properties, such as the perspective adopted by the speaker in describing the mouvement. Finally, it is pointed out that the prototypical sense of each verb not only explains the different derived senses it gives rise to, but also accounts for the aspectual difference between these competing verbs. digitalisering@umu

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Choko, Maude. "La liberté d'association au Canada et la liberté syndicale à l'OIT : synonymes?" Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111565.

Full text

Abstract:

On June 8, 2007, the Supreme Court of Canada [SCC] overruled its jurisprudence of the past twenty years on freedom of association. The majority of the judges agreed that section 2d) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects the right to the process to collective bargaining. In doing so, the SCC rejected the ratio of the majority enunciated in the 1987 trilogy and, at last, gave place to international labour law, in particular to freedom of association principles elaborated by the International Labour Organization's supervisory bodies. The analysis of these principles, focused on three related rights, i.e. the right to collective bargaining, the right to strike and the right not to associate, allows the author to conclude that for the first time, Canada is showing greater respect for its international obligations. What the SCC will decide for the right to strike remains to be seen.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Castro, Alves Tiago de [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Schroeder-Heister. "Synonymy and Identity of Proofs - A Philosophical Essay / Tiago de Castro Alves ; Betreuer: Peter Schroeder-Heister." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193489180/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Tolkiehn, Niels [Verfasser], and Christof [Akademischer Betreuer] Rapp. "The notion of homonymy, synonymy, multivocity, and pros hen in Aristotle / Niels Tolkiehn ; Betreuer: Christof Rapp." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1216417776/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Al-Sowaidi, Belqes Saif Abdulelah. "Textuality in near-synonyms translations of the Holy Qurʾān into English". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2628.

Full text

Abstract:

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD The Holy Qurʾān, like the Bible, is an acknowledged literary masterpiece. Its linguistic and aesthetic vivacity with an amalgam of religious beliefs, moral values, religious social orthodoxy and historical backgrounds pose a great challenge to any translator and make the task overwhelmingly arduous, if not unattainable. The study aims at examining the problems the Qurʾān translators encounter while translating near-synonyms from Arabic into English. It is based on the translations of two professional translators namely, Yusuf Ali and T.B. Irving. The translations provide an empirical basis for the discussion of the problems while translating Qurʾānnic texts into English. The corpus for the present study includes the translations of four near-synonymous pairs namely, ghayth and maṭar, al-ḥilf and al-qasm, bakhīl and shaḥīḥ and ʿāqir and ʿaqīm in their Qurʾānic context. The two translated texts are compared to determine to which extent the translations reflect the referential and the connotative meaning of the original Qurʾānic text as well as to which extent they maintain the textuality standards such as cohesion, coherence, informativity, situationality and acceptability, intentionality and intertextuality. In short, the study sets out to identify the roblematic areas in the translated Qurʾānic texts at the lexical and textual levels with a view to determining what makes one translation better than the other, or what brings one translation closer to the original text than the other.The study is an intersection between Qurʾānic exegeses (tafsīr) and applied linguistics. The researcher consults different books on translation theories as well as of Qurʾānic exegeses (tafsīr) to facilitate the process of analyzing the near-synonyms in their Qurʾānic context. The researcher opts for eclecticism, instead of confining to a particular rigid model or approach, which is a combination of text-analysis translation-oriented approaches of De Beaugrande & Dressler(1981); Neubert & Shreve(1992); Halliday (1994) and Hatim & Mason (1990). In addition, the study draws upon the multiple and theoretical implications of Nida's dynamic equivalence, Beekman & Callow's (1974) historical and dynamic fidelity and Gutt's (1991) relevance theory and the emphasis on communication as mainly context-dependent. These models are closely related and reliable in the process of analyzing and evaluating the problems encountered in Arabic-English translation of the Qurʾānic near-synonyms. Furthermore, the researcher suggests an outline approach for the process of analyzing the Qurʾānic near-synonyms translations in a systemic and organized way thereby ensuring maximum and effective communication of the Qurʾānic message. The study concludes that the Qurʾān translator, compared to other literary genres, faces many difficulties in translating the Qurʾānic ST message. The selected translations of the Holy Qurʾān have failed to measure up to the depth of the Qurʾānic message, its originality and the connotative shades of meanings of the original expression. The study attributes these problems to contextual, socio-cultural, theological and historical factors which create differences that lead to gaps or absence of lexicalization in the TT. Furthermore, the reliance on dictionary meaning rather than the meaning of the lexical item in context, the negligence of context culture as well as the context of situation (the reason for the revelation of the verses) affect the “periodicity” of the text as indicated by Martin & Rose (2007, p.187), that is, the information flow of the whole text. Accordingly, this affects maintaining the standards of textuality and the fidelity which a religious text should meet. The complexity of the Qurʾān as genre is a great challenge to the translator at both the lexical and Qurʾān textual levels, which dilutes the authenticity of the holy text and misrepresents its true message. The conclusion of the study which contains recommendations based on experience may prove helpful to the future novice and professional translators to improve the quality of translation in general and religious translation in particular. The study is a contribution towards a greater understanding of the subtle differences between the near-synonymous pairs in their Qurʾānic context through Arabic-English translation. It is a novel addition to the world of religious translation, Qurʾān translation, ḥadīth and in English. It also contributes to some extent to modern exegeses of the Qurʾān. It is hoped that the work will encourage further studies in the field of translation to employ a context-based linguistic approach to translating different genres and sacred texts in particular, integrating insights from applicable translation and linguistic approaches. South Africa

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Barnes, Tyler. "Determining Cutoffs for the Psychometric Synonym Analysis to Detect IER." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1535364525682746.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Cambray, Guillaume. "Evolutivité : le cas des intégrons et utilisation de séquences synonymes en évolution dirigée." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077230.

Full text

Abstract:

La stabilité phénotypique est essentielle au succès d'organismes évoluant sous des conditions constantes. L'environnement est néanmoins soumis à de perpétuelles variations stochastiques, auxquelles les êtres vivants doivent sans cesse s'adapter. L'évolutivité caractérise la capacité d'une population à répondre à de telles pressions sélectives par la génération de modifications phénotypiques héritables. La majorité des mutations étant délétères, des processus permettant de limiter la production de telles variations aux seules périodes de stress, ou de la confiner à des loci et phénotypes bien définis, ont été sélectionnés au cours de l'évolution. Les intégrons en constituent une illustration particulièrement sophistiquée. Initialement identifiés comme vecteurs de résistance à de multiples antibiotiques, ces systèmes génétiques bactériens spécialisés dans l'échange, la collecte et l'expression de gènes accessoires constituent une importante source de diversité génétique. Ce travail montre que les intégrons sont directement couplés à une voie majeure de réponse au stress chez les bactéries, le système SOS. En permettant de générer de la variabilité phénotypique en période de stress sans affecter le reste du génome, les intégrons constituent ainsi un exemple paradigmatique d'évolutivité. Un autre aspect de ce travail démontre que des séquences codantes synonymes - bien que spécifiant des protéines identiques - peuvent accéder par mutations ponctuelles à des régions différentes de l'espace phénotypique. Utilisée de manière adéquate, cette propriété permet d'étendre l'évolutivité d'une protéine quelconque dans le cadre d'applications biotechnologiques Phenotypic stability is essential to the success of organisms evolving under steady conditions. However, the environment is subjected to perpetual stochastic variations, to which living beings must constantly adapt. Evolvability characterizes the ability of a population to respond to such selective pressures through the generation of heritable phenotypic changes. Most mutations being deleterious, processes enabling the confinement of mutations to periods of stress, or to specific loci and well-defined phenotypes, have been selected over evolution. Integrons constitute a particularly sophisticated illustration of such processes. Initially identified through their involvement in multi-resistance to antibiotics, these bacterial genetic Systems are specialized in the exchange and stockpiling of accessory genes and therefore constitute an important source of genetic diversity. This work shows that integrons are directly coupled with the SOS System, a major bacterial stress response. By allowing the generation of significant phenotypic diversity during periods of stress without impacting the rest of the genome, integrons hence constitute a paradigmatic example of evolvability. Another aspect of this work demonstrates that synonymous coding sequences - although specifying identical proteins -can access different area of the phenotypic space through ponctual mutations. When properly exploited, this property can enhance the evolvability of any protein in the context of biotechnological applications

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Ignatovič, Ana. "Kalendorinių švenčių ir etninių papročių pavadinimai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100707_111240-20185.

Full text

Abstract:

Remiantis lietuvių etnologų Jono Balio, Pranės Dundulienės, Liberto Klimkos, Juozo Kudirkos, Jono Trinkūno veikalais, darbe etnolingvistiniu aspektu yra apžvelgiami lietuvių kalendorinių švenčių ir etninių papročių pavadinimai. Aptariama jų kilmė, daryba, sinonimika, analizuojami kalendorinių švenčių ryšiai su liaudies papročiais ir tradicijomis, apibrėžiami santykiai su kitų tautų analogiškais etnolingvistiniais reiškiniais. Pavadinimų apžvalgą papildo kalendorinių švenčių ir etninių papročių žodynėlis. According to Lithuanian ethnologists Jonas Balys, Pranė Dundulienė, Libertas Klimka, Jonas Trinkūnas production, their work in ethnolinguistic aspect provides an overview of lithuanian calendar holidays and customs of ethnic titles. It discusses the origin, composition, synonymy, analyses calendar holiday connections with folk customs and traditions, defines relathions with other nathions similar ethnolinguistics phenomena. Review of titles complements the glossary of calendar holidays and customs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Duclaye, Florence Aude Dorothée. "Apprentissage automatique de relations d'équivalence sémantique à partir du Web." Paris, ENST, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENST0044.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le contexte d'un système de questions-réponses, capable de trouver automatiquement sur le Web la réponse à des questions factuelles. L'une des manières d'améliorer la qualité des réponses fournies consiste à augmenter le taux de rappel du système et à identifier pour cela les réponses sous de multiples formulations possibles (paraphrases). Le recensement manuel de ces paraphrases étant un travail long et coûteux, l'objectif de cette thèse est de concevoir et développer un mécanisme d'apprentissage automatique et faiblement supervisé des paraphrases possibles d'une réponse. La méthode d'apprentisage présentée fait du Web son corpus privilégié, en particulier par la redondance et la variété linguistique des informations qu'il contient. Considéré comme un gigantesque graphe biparti représenté, d'une part, par des formulations et, d'autre part, par des couples d'arguments, le Web s'avère propice à l'application de la citation de Firth, selon laquelle le sens d'un terme (respectivement d'une formulation, dans notre cas) est lié aux termes (respectivement aux arguments) avec lesquels il cooccurre. Ainsi, par un mécanisme itératif, le Web est échantillonné : les formulations (paraphrases potentielles) sont extraites par ancrage des arguments, et inversement, de nouveaux arguments sont extraits par ancrage des formulations acquises. Afin de permettre à l'apprentissage de converger, une étape intermédiaire de classification statistique des données échantillonnées est nécessaire. Les résultats obtenus ont fait l'objet d'une évaluation empirique, montrant en particulier la valeur ajoutée des paraphrases apprises sur le système de questions-réponses This PhD thesis can be situated in the context of a question answering system, which is capable of automatically finding answers to factual questions on the Web. One way to improve the quality of these answers is to increase the recall rate of the system, by identifying the answers under multiple possible formulations(paraphrases). As the manual recording of paraphrases is a long and expensive task, the goal of this PhD thesis is to design and develop a mechanism that learns automatically and in a weakly supervised manner the possible paraphrases of an answer. Thanks to the redundance and the linguistic variety of the information it contains, the Web is considered to be a very interesting corpus. Assimilated to a gigantic bipartite graph represented, on the one hand, by formulations and, on the other hand, by argument couples, the Web turns out to be propitious to the application of Firth's hypothesis, according to which "you shall know a word (resp. A formulation, in our case) by the company (resp. Arguments) it keeps". Consequently, the Web is sampled using an iterative mechanism : formulations (potential paraphrases) are extracted by anchoring arguments and, inversely, new arguments are extracted by anchoring the acquired formulations. In order to make the learning process converge, an intermediary stage is necessary, which partitions the sampled data using a statistical classification method. The obtained results were empirically evaluated, which, more particularly, shows the value added by the learnt paraphrases of the question answering system

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Bøhn, Christian. "Extracting Named Entities and Synonyms from Wikipedia for use in News Search." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8906.

Full text

Abstract:

In news articles the focus on named entities is quite common and usually a news case is tied around a person, a company, or similar. One challenge from an information retrieval point of view is that one entity often have more than one way of referring to it. This means that when users use news search engines they have to use the exact same name for the entity as the articles they are interested in use. Therefore the usage of synonyms to refer to the same entity forms the basis of this thesis. We explore the idea of using Wikipedia as a data source for building a large dictionary of named entities and their synonyms. An entity dictionary like that would be very interesting because it make it possible to link synonyms to the same entity. The evaluation shows that Wikipedia is well suited as a source of named entities and synonyms as the semi-structure aids in recognizing the entities and related synonyms. The use of the dictionary in a modified search solution shows on the other hand mixed results. On problem with evaluating a solution like this is that the precision of the different synonyms is usually very high for popular entities, and when we combine different synonyms in the same query we end up giving more weight to the results that use multiple synonyms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Kačinauskaitė, Ramunė. "Būdvardžių darybiniai sinonimai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090827_104209-00866.

Full text

Abstract:

Būdvardžių darybiniais sinonimais laikytini iš to paties pamatinio žodžio su skirtingais darybos formantais sudaryti dariniai, kuriems būdinga ta pati darybinė reikšmė ir tapati arba artima leksinė reikšmė. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti būdvardžių darybinių sinonimų vartoseną. Medžiagos šaltiniu šiai analizei buvo pasirinktas Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Iš viso išrinkti 1556 būdvardžių dariniai, sudarytos 724 darybinių sinonimų eilės. Daugiausia priesagų vedinių – jų net 1251, t. y. 80,4% visų būdvardžių darinių. Daugiausia darybinių sinonimų eilių, kuriose sinonimiškai santykiauja du dariniai, tokių eilių – 642, t. y. net 88,7% visų darybinių sinonimų eilių. Sinoniminiai santykiai gali susiklostyti tarp 53 priesagų, 3 galūnių ir 3 priešdėlių vedinių. Iš viso buvo sudarytos 99 afiksų kombinacijos. Darbe išsamiau nagrinėtos tos darybinių sinonimų eilės, į kurias įeina dominuojančių priesagų -inis, -ingas, -uotas, -ėtas, priešdėlio apy- ir galūnės -us vediniai. Priesagų -inis, -ingas, -uotas, -ėtas, priešdėlio apy- ir galūnės -us vediniai dažnai įeina į darybinių sinonimų eiles, kuriose jie darybiškai santykiauja su kitų, t. y. retesnių, tarminių darybos afiksų bendrašakniais vediniais ir sudaro pavienes darybinių sinonimų eiles. Pavienėms eilėms būdingas kombinacijų įvairumas, sinonimiškų darinių eilėje gausumas, t. y. eilių ilgumas, ir vartosenos subtilumai. Detalesnė būdvardžių darybinių sinonimų vartosena grindžiama Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstyno... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] Derivative synonyms of adjectives are derivatives formed from the same underlying word with different derivative formatives and having the same derivative meaning and identical or very similar lexical meaning. The main aim of this paper is to analize the use of derivative synonyms of adjectives. The Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian has been chosen as a source material for this analysis. 1556 derivatives of adjectives have been selected and 724 rows of derivative synonyms have been formed. Derivatives of suffixes comprise the largest group (in total 1251, i. e. 80.4 % of all derivative adjectives). There are 642 rows of derivative synonyms, i. e. 88.7 % of all rows of derivative synonyms, where two derivatives correlate synonymously. Synonymous correlation can be developed among 53 suffixes, 3 endings and 3 derivatives of prefixes. In total 99 combinations of affixes have been formed. The rows of derivative synonyms which include derivatives with predominant suffixes -inis, -ingas, -uotas, -ėtas, prefix apy- and ending -us have been more deeply analysed in this paper. The derivatives of suffixes -inis, -ingas, -uotas, -ėtas, prefix apy- and ending -us often comprise those rows that derivatively correlate with other, i. e. more rare, conjugate derivatives of the afixes of dialectal derivation and compose single rows of derivative synonyms. Diversity of combinations, richness of synonymous derivatives in the row, i.e. length of rows and subtlety of the use, is typical to... [to full text]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Elsadig, Abdalla Osman. "Synonymes et problèmes méthodologique en terminologie technique et scientifique arabe : termes économiques et commerciaux." Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030237.

Full text

Abstract:

Les causes du probleme de la multiplicite des synonymes en terminologie techno-scientifique arabe sont multiples. Cependant, la creation terminologique amene a constater que ce sont principalement les divergences methodologiques sur l'exploitation de l'ensemble des procedes linguistiques qui engendrent des termes differents utilises d'une maniere synonymique pour designer un meme objet ou une meme notion. Ces procedes linguistiques sont classes par les academies arabes dans l'ordre suivant : la recurrence (istinbat), les procedes derivationnels (istigag), la composition (naht), l'extension semantique (tawlid) et l'emprunt (tacrib). A cela s'ajoutent les sources dialectales. Par ailleurs, l'influence des langues etrangeres, a savoir, le francais et l'anglais, contribue considerablement au probleme des synonymes. Cette influence se manifeste principalement dans des calques et des emprunts qui se produisent dans un processus interlinguistique ou la pluralite des sources culturelles etrangeres aboutit a deux orientations paralleles au sein de l'activite terminologique en arabe The causes of the problem of multiplicity of synonyms in arabic techno-scientific terminology are numerous. However, lexical innovation shows that it is basically methodic differences regarding the use of the whole linguistic processes which create different terms used in a synonymic way to designate the same new things and concepts. Arab academicians classify these processes as follows : reactivation of old words; derivation; formation of compound words; semantic extension of existing words and lexical borrowing. The dialectal sources are to be included. Moreover, the influence of foreign languages, namely, frensh and english significantly contribute to the problem of synonyms. This influence appears mainly in borrowed words and semantic loans (or loan translation) which occur in an interlingual process as a result of languages contact where the plurality of foreign cultural sources lead to two different tendencies within the terminological activity in arabic language

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!