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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SYNOP'

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Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Langer, Ines [Verfasser]. "Objektive Darstellung von Niederschlagsfeldern basierend auf einer Synthese aus Synop- und Satellitendaten / Ines Langer." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1023623536/34.

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2

Grzesiak, Frédéric. "Représentation des connaissances et techniques d'inférence pour le maniement d'objets graphiques application au système expert SYNOP /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605598h.

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3

Grzesiak, Frédéric. "Représentation des connaissances et techniques d'inférence pour le maniement d'objets graphiques : application au Système-Expert SYNOP." Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fd5e5639-ec92-4d3d-96e8-98f6c14c5743.

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Réalisation d'un outil système expert capable d'appliquer sur une image de surveillance donnée l'ensemble des spécifications graphiques contenues dans ses bases de connaissances. Après la validation du moteur d'inférence, divers travaux ont été réalisés pour préparer l'utilisation effective du système

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4

Frey, Wiebke. "The Formation of Stratus in Rain." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-303869.

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Data analysis of SYNOP observations was made for investigation of stratus formation in rain. The aim was to find connections between meteorological parameters in the different states of rain to develop a forecast method. 1594 cases of rainfall from the four stations Luleå, Uppsala, Linköping and Såtenäs, Sweden were analysed, 974 cases include stratus formation in rain and the other 620 cases are without stratus formation. The investigation focused on the meteorological parameters wind direction, wind speed, relative humidity, visibility, cloud base height and rain intensity. As rain intensity was not explicitly included in the SYNOP observations it could not be taken as a governing parameter, but classification of the data into four groups of different rain intensity was possible. Also time was a parameter for the investigation. The results show that a more detailed investigation should be made to eliminate several influences of other parameters, for example of radiation or soil conditions. Thus it was too difficult to develop a forecast method for the formation of stratus in rain, but suggestions for further investigations and the development of a numerical model only are made.<br>En dataanalys av SYNOP-observationer genomfördes för undersökning av stratusbildning i regn. Målet var att hitta samband mellan de meteorologiska parametrarna i olika regntillstånden för att utveckla en prognosmetod. 1594 regntillfällen från fyra stationer, Luleå, Uppsala, Linköping och Såtenäs, analyserades. 974 tillfällen innehåller stratusbildning i regn och de andra 620 tillfällena visar ingen stratusbildning. Undersökningen koncentrerades på de meteorologiska parametrarna vindriktning, vindhastighet, relativ fuktighet, sikt, molnhöjd och regnintensitet. Eftersom regnintensiteten inte var beskriven i SYNOP-observationer kunde den inte tas med som parameter i analysena. Det gick att indela datan i fyra grupper med olika regnintensitet. Tid var också en parameter i den här unders- ökningen. Resultater visar att det behövs en noggrannare undersökning för kunna eliminera påverkan av andra parametrar som till exempel strålning eller marktillstånd. Det var därför för svårt att utveckla en prognosmetod för stratusbildning i regn, så förslag har bara gjorts för vidare undersökningar och utveckling av en numerisk modell.<br>Für die Untersuchung der Stratusbildung im Regen wurde eine Analyse von SYNOP-Daten durchgeführt. Ziel war es, Zusammenhänge zwischen meteorologischen Parametern in den verschiedenen Stadien von Regen zu finden, um eine Vorhersagemethode zu entwickeln. Es wurden 1594 Regen- F¨alle von den Stationen Luleå, Uppsala, Linköping und Såtenäs in Schweden analysiert, von denen 974 Fälle Stratusbildung in Regen beinhalten. Die anderen 620 Fälle zeigen keine Stratusbildung. Die Untersuchung konzentrierte sich auf die meteorologischen Parameter Windrichtung, Windgeschwindigkeit, relative Feuchte, Sicht, Wolkenhöhe und Regenintensität. Da die Regenintensität nicht direkt in den SYNOP Beobachtungen gemessen wurde, konnte sie nicht als steuernder Parameter verwendet werden, sondern diente nur zur Einteilung der Daten in vier Gruppen verschiedener Regenintensität. Die Zeit ging als ein weiterer Parameter in diese Untersuchung ein. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine genauere Untersuchung durchgeführt werden sollte, um unterschiedliche Einflüsse anderer Parameter, wie zum Beispiel Strahlung oder Bodenbeschaffenheit, auszuschließen. Wegen der zu großen Unsicherheiten war es zu schwer, eine Prognosemethode f¨ur die Stratusbildung im Regen zu entwickeln. Deswegen wurden Vorschläge für weitere Untersuchungen und f¨ur die Entwicklung eines numerischen Modells gegeben.

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5

Söderberg, Freja. "Cloud Overlap Assumption and Cloud Cover Validation for HARMONIE-AROME." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-283606.

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One major challenge in representing the state of the atmosphere through weather forecast models, is the parametrization of sub-grid clouds. At every vertical column of grid cells within a weather forecast model, the fractional cloud cover is assumed to overlap according to a prescribed Cloud Overlap Assumption (COA). Since the total cloud cover is used in radiation schemes, the choice of COA affects e.g. radiative fluxes. High-quality weather forecasts is important for many aspects of the society, thus, the analysis of cloud parametrizations is significant. In this study, COAs for the HIRLAM ALADIN Research on mesoscale Modelling for NWP In Euromed (HARMONIE) - Application of Research to Operations at Mesoscale (AROME) model were investigated for two time-periods. Moreover, validation methods of cloud cover for HARMONIE-AROME were analyzed due to uncertainties in cloud observations. Both satellite data derived from geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite and synoptic ground based observations were used to validate cloud cover in this project. It was found that HARMONIE-AROME underestimates the cloud cover during summer. Therefore, the random (RAN) COA is the preferred COA to use during time periods of mainly convective cloud processes. During the tested winter period, which is assumed to have most clouds of the stratiform type, the results regarding optimal COA were not certain. However, it was concluded that HARMONIE-AROME overestimates the cloud cover during winter, for in which case the maximum-random (MRN) COA is recommended to use. The comparative analysis of cloud cover as obtained from the COAs against observed cloud cover, was shown sensitive to the methods used to the observational data. Using a model grid of 25 km instead of 2.5 km when comparing synoptic observations to modelled cloud cover, the errors were reduced. When using binary satellite data, it was concluded that a 5x5 smoothing algorithm was the most appropriate to use since this averaging of several pixels are sufficient to represent sub-grid clouds.

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6

Kolski, Christophe. "Contribution à l'ergonomie de conception des interfaces graphiques homme-machine dans les procédés industriels : application au système expert SYNOP." Valenciennes, 1989. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/48d8d47d-0900-46b2-8537-b0a89714a0d9.

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La thèse concerne le développement et la validation du système expert SYNOP pour l'évaluation ergonomique et l’amélioration de vues graphiques exploitées dans les salles de contrôle de procédés industriels. SYNOP utilise un moteur d'inférence du premier ordre et les notions de frame et de réseau sémantique pour la représentation des connaissances. Il est écrit en langage LISP. Ses bases contiennent des concepts ergonomiques de présentation d'information sur écran graphique. Le module d'évaluation de SYNOP, ainsi que ses interfaces expert et utilisateur, sont détaillés. Les principes d'élaboration et de validation des bases de connaissances ergonomiques de SYNOP sont expliqués. Le mémoire décrit également la contribution du système expert SYNOP à l’évaluation et l’amélioration d'une interface graphique dans un contexte industriel. Le mémoire se termine par des perspectives d'évolution de SYNOP<br>The doctoral thesis concerns the development and validation of the SYNOP expert system for the ergonomic evaluation and improvement of graphic views used in control rooms of industrial processes SYNOP uses a first-order inference engine and the concepts of frame and semantic network for knowledge representation. It is written in LISP language. Its knowledge bases contain ergonomic concepts for information presentation on graphic screens. Its evaluation module, as well as its expert and user interfaces, are detailed. The principles for developing and validating its ergonomic knowledge bases are explained. The thesis also describes the contribution of the SYNOP expert system to the evaluation and improvement of a graphical user interface in an industrial context. The thesis ends with several research perspectives

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7

Rossow, Timothy A. "Writing a genuinely Missouri Synod parish constitution." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p079-0080.

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8

Okoye, Chukwuma J. "The Synod Challenges the Church in Africa." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1994. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,455.

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9

Pallath, Paul. "The synod of bishops of Catholic Oriental Churches /." Rome : Mar Thoma Yogam, the St Thomas christian fellowship, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618920m.

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10

Tolles, Sally J. "The diocesan synod some areas of potential particular legislation /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.

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11

Onaiyekan, John. "What We Saw And Heard At The African Synod." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1994. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,488.

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12

Nnamani, Amuluche Gregory. "The African Synod and the Model of Church-as-Family." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1994. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,438.

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13

Braun, Mark. "Changes within the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America that led to the exit of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.

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14

Wohlrabe, John C. "An historical analysis of the doctrine of the ministry in the Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod until 1962." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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15

Didakowski, Jörg. "SynCoP : combining syntactic tagging with chunking using weighted finite state transducers." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2717/.

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This paper describes the key aspects of the system SynCoP (Syntactic Constraint Parser) developed at the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. The parser allows to combine syntactic tagging and chunking by means of constraint grammar using weighted finite state transducers (WFST). Chunks are interpreted as local dependency structures within syntactic tagging. The linguistic theories are formulated by criteria which are formalized by a semiring; these criteria allow structural preferences and gradual grammaticality. The parser is essentially a cascade of WFSTs. To find the most likely syntactic readings a best-path search is used.

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16

Piscolla, Maurizio. "The sacramental legislation in the synod of Mount Lebanon of 1736." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.

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17

Heins, Ronald K. "Developing a parish consulting service for the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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18

Jannusch, Merton L. "Baptism renewal within selected congregations of the Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1985. http://www.tren.com.

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19

Tshibangu, Tharcisse. "The Special Synod for Africa and the Tasks of African Theology." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1994. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,422.

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20

Weise, Russell J. "Burnout in the pastoral ministry the need for clear boundaries /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1993.

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21

DeNinno, Louis L. "The diocesan synod universal norms and implementation in the Diocese of Pittsburgh /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.

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22

Forke, Terry. "The doctrine of Scripture in fundamentalist theology a Lutheran appraisal /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.

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23

Peterson, David A. "An examination of the scriptural doctrine of the Antichrist and the teaching of this doctrine in the church." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1988. http://www.tren.com.

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24

Gondwe, John. "A theological investigation into Malawian child labour : a challenge to CCAP Livingstonia synod." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96659.

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Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Motivated by the observation that child labour is harmful to children, this research aims to determine whether child labour could be described as a violation of human dignity. The research further attempts to develop a theological framework which the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (C.C.A.P) Synod of Livingstonia in Malawi could adopt in restoring the human dignity that might have been trodden on in child labour practices. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, eight ministers from two presbyteries were interviewed, using a structured questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. The data was analyzed using a thematic data analysis method. The findings indicated that child labour is any work done by children that is detrimental to their welfare. Such work was predominantly on tobacco farms both at commercial and at family levels, and was carried out under hazardous conditions. As a result children experience the following effects; physical abuse; psychological torture, sexual abuse; and these children may end up in perpetual poverty experiences, to mention just a few effects. The critical literature analysis done with reference to theological concept of human dignity, characterized the effects as a violation of human dignity. The main causes of child labour identified during this study were poverty, ignorance of short and long terms impact of child labour effects on children, and the cultural perceptions that children are equipped for the future if they are trained (socialized) to work hard at a tender age. By implication, as long as these causes exist, child labour may remain a problem and children may continue to suffer since these children do not enter labour by choice, but forced by the socio-economic and socio-cultural structures. Although these children experience this human degradation there is no way they can stop working on their own, because they do not have a voice, they are under the control of parents and employers. In this context this study would like to classify working children as among the marginalized, oppressed, weak and vulnerable groups in need of people and institution that can speak and act on their behalf. Therefore it is argued that there is a need for the church to advocate for the marginalized children in this context. The literature consulted further indicated that the church of Jesus Christ is responsible for providing spiritual and physical salvation to people, taking into account how long it may take to deal with some of the main causes of child labour. The church may consider its advocacy role of protecting the dignity of human beings created in the image of God with compassionate love. This research suggests recommendations that are in line with theological understanding of who the church is and the human dignity of people and specifically of children, to address the challenges of child labour practices. The recommendations attempt to involve different stakeholders of the community to work in a consortium.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsing is gemotiveer deur die waarneming dat die gevolge van kinder-arbeid skadelik vir kinders kan wees, en stel dit ten doel om vas te stel of die effek van kinder-arbeid as ŉ skending van menswaardigheid beskryf kan word. Die navorsing streef ook om ŉ teologiese raamwerk te ontwikkel wat die Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (C.C.A.P) Livingstonia Sinode in Malawi kan gebruik om die menswaardigheid wat moontlik deur kinder-arbeid- gebruike vertrap is,te herstel. Ten einde die doelstellings van die studie te bereik, is onderhoude gevoer met agt predikante van twee ringe, Jombo en Rumphi, in Livingstonia Sinode. Tydens die individuele onderhoude is ŉ gestruktureerde vraelys hoofsaaklik gebruik vir die versameling van data. Die versamelde data is ontleed met ŉ tematiese data-ontleding metode. Volgens die bevindings is kinder-arbeid enige arbeid wat kinders verrig wat nadelig vir hul welsyn is. Die meeste werk wat deur kinders verrig word, is op kommersiële tabakplase of in familieverband op kleinboere se tabakplase. Die werk is meestal onder gevaarlike omstandighede. As gevolg van die gevaarlike werk, ervaar kinders fisiese mishandeling, sielkundige teistering, seksuele mishandeling en ook soms gedurige armoede, om net ŉ paar te nadelige effekte te noem. Die kritiese literatuur-analise oor hierdie effekte met verwysing na ŉ teologiese konsep van menswaardigheid, toon dat die gevolge gekenmerk kan word as skending van menseregte. Die volgende primêre oorsake van kinder-arbeid is in die studie geïdentifiseer: armoede, onkunde oor die kort- en langtermyn impak van kinder-arbeid op kinders, en kulturele persepsies dat kinders vir die toekoms toegerus word as hulle op ŉ jong ouderdom geleer word (sosialisasie) om hard te werk. Die implikasie is dat solank hierdie oorsake voortbestaan, sal kinder-arbeid ŉ probleem bly en sal kinders steeds so ly, aansien hierdie kinders nie kies om kinder-arbeid te verrig nie, maar deur sosio-ekonomiese en sosio- kulturele strukture daartoe gedwing word. Al word hierdie kinders onmenswaardig behandel, kan hulle nie ophou werk nie, want hulle het nie ŉ stem nie, hulle word beheer deur hul ouers en werkgewers. In hierdie konteks stel hierdie studie werkende kinders gelyk aan die klassifikasie van die gemarginaliseerde, onderdrukte, swak en weerlose groep namens wie mense en organisasies moet praat en optree. Daar word dus betoog dat daar ŉ behoefte is dat die kerk namens gemarginaliseerde kinders in hierdie konteks intree. Die literatuur dui verder aan dat die aard en missie van die kerk van Jesus Christus maak ons verantwoordelik om spirituele en fisiese verlossing vir mense te bied. In die lig van die uitdagings van kinderswat werk, en met inagneming van hoe lank dit mag neem om sommige van die oorsake van kinder-arbeid aan te spreek, kan die kerk sy rol in terme van die beskerming van die menswaardigheid van mense geskape in die beeld van God met deernisvolle liefde oorweeg. Die navorsing maak voorstelle wat belyn is met die teologiese verstaan van wie die kerk is en die menswaardigheid van mense en spesifiek van kinders, om die uitdagings van kinder- arbeid aan te spreek. Die aanbevelings streef om verskillende aandeelhouers in die gemeenskap te mobiliseer om as ŉ konsortium saam te werk om kinder-arbeid en die onmenswaardige behandeling van kinders te bestry.

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25

Letšosa, Rantoa Simon. "A relevant liturgy for the Reformed Churches in Synod Midlands / Rantoa Simon Letšosa." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/697.

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One of the most important yet most undermined aspects of the Reformed Churches in the resort of Synod Midlands is its liturgy. Little study has been done on liturgy and few Church Councils make liturgy their concern. Consequently most of the Reformed Churches in Midlands are faced with the problem of syncretism, secularism and modernistic trends in the liturgy. All human beings are religious people. All humans beings are believers yet it depends whom and how people worship and in whom or what they believe. People have different cultures and in some instances, as is the case with the African religion, culture and religion are not easily separated. Liturgy has an indispensable task in transforming culture. This study aims at scrutinising the manner of worship in Reformed Churches in Synod Midlands. It is divided into three sections. The first section focuses on basic-theoretical principles, the second on meta-theoretical guidelines and empirical findings and the third on a critical-hermeneutical interaction between the basis-theoretical principles and the meta-theoretical guidelines. This study indicates that the Reformed Churches in Synod Midlands need a relevant liturgy that is suitable for the African members but also a liturgy that is not easily influenced by culture and by the world. Liturgy has to shape culture and culture has to be accommodated in the shape that liturgy takes. This does not occur at the same level. The gospel preaches to culture and leads it to repentance. The sermon, however, is presented within a certain culture, context and language. This is where culture fits in and contributes to the shaping of the liturgy. A relevant liturgy for the Reformed Churches in Synod Midlands would be a dynamic liturgy that displays an interactive communicative character. There has to be a dialogue between God and His children. The liturgist should not be an individual standing between God and humans, blocking the dialogue-related character of the liturgy. All members have to be participative and should follow the liturgy. This study therefore calls upon a free liturgy because African people are spontaneous. However this liturgy should also be characterized by the necessary order.<br>Thesis (Ph.D. (Liturgics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

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26

Smith, Gregory N. "The diocesan synod an instrument of communion and mission in the particular church /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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27

Press, Mark Gottfried Clarence. "But are they Lutheran? an analytical study of the work and thought of LCMS church planters /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2004. http://www.tren.com.

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28

Arnold, Duane Wade-Hampton. "The early episcopal career of Athanasius of Alexandria, Ad 328-AD 335." Thesis, Durham University, 1989. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6738/.

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29

Chifungo, Phoebe Faith. "Women in the CCAP Nkhoma synod : a practical theological study of their leadership roles." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96112.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: “Leave her alone, why are you bothering her? She has done a beautiful thing to me … I tell you the truth, wherever the gospel is preached throughout the world, what she has done will also be told, in memory of her” (Mark 14:6, 9). This is how Jesus Christ perceives woman; with gratitude, dignity and respect. Unfortunately, women have often been ill-treated, discriminated against and even oppressed by her own fellow human beings of the opposite sex just because she was born a woman. Many women have asked themselves, “Why was I born a woman?” Questions such as these motivated the researcher to carry out this current study on women The purpose of this dissertation is to: (1) Determine through an in depth literary analysis factors that have contributed to the desperate position of women leadership in CCAP Nkhoma Synod. (2) To conduct empirical research in the different congregations of the Synod among members of Chigwirizano cha amai, church elders and reverends. (3) To explore a new model of reading and interpreting New Testament texts with regards to addressing the problem of the lack of women in leadership positions in the CCAP Nkhoma Synod. The research has shown that women in the CCAP Nkhoma Synod are denied leadership positions because of historical, cultural and biblical factors. Historically, the first Dutch Reformed missionaries who came to Malawi used a patriarchal type of leadership, which sidelined women from leadership positions. Culturally, it was discovered that people brought their cultural beliefs along with them to church, that a man is superior, powerful, respectful and a controller; while woman are considered to be weak, inferior and submissive. Through Social Identity Theory, it was discovered that these beliefs and actions of considering themselves to be superior and better than women, were influenced by aspects such as self-categorization and stereotyping. This means that the moment men categorized themselves as reverends and elders, they automatically compare themselves with the other group, in this case, “Chigwirizano cha amai”. This resulted in stereotyping women as weak and powerless, not qualified to carry out leadership roles. The research has shown that the biblical factor is the main contributor as to why the church has silenced women up till now. Texts like 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 and 1Timothy 2:11-12 have been used to oppress women from exercising their godly given leadership gifts and skills. This is why a new theory of interpreting the Word of God has been suggested in this dissertation. It is called the “Multi-dimensional Approach”. This new approach1 will be achieved by rereading the Scriptures through three aspects, namely, the literary, social-historical and theological-rhetorical aspects. The researcher remains optimistic that through this process of re-reading the texts, the Chewa culture and missionary history, as well as people’s mindsets, attitudes and beliefs will change in favour of women leadership. This research sought to answer the following questions: (1) To what extent are historical and cultural factors, and particularly factors pertaining to the interpretation of the Bible, responsible for the lack of women in leadership positions in the CCAP Nkhoma Synod? (2) Complex as it may be to explore and measure the impact of these factors, would it be possible to substantiate and verify such influences empirically? (3) Once this has been done, would it for instance be possible to identify alternative readings of history, culture and the Bible? These three questions were very crucial in that they guided the researcher to know the real problem and how this problem can be solved.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: “Laat staan haar,” het Jesus gesê. “Waarom maak julle dit vir haar moeilik?” Sy het ŉ goeie daad aan my gedoen... Dit verseker Ek julle: Oral waar die evangelie in die hele wêreld verkondig word, sal daar ook vertel word wat sy gedoen het, tot herinnering van haar.” (Mark 14:6, 9). Dit is die manier waarop Jesus na vroue gekyk het, met dankbaarheid, waardigheid en respek. Ongelukkig is vroue dikwels sleg behandel, teen gediskrimineer en selfs onderdruk deur manspersone, net omdat hulle as vroue gebore is. Menige vrou het haarself al gevra, “Waarom is ek as vrou gebore?” Vrae soos hierdie het die navorser gemotiveer om hierdie studie te onderneem. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is: (1) Om deur ŉ literatuurstudie die faktore wat tot die desperate situasie van vroue leierskap in die CCAP Nkhoma Sinode bygedra het, te ondersoek. (2) In empiriese navorsing onder lede van die sogenaamde Chigwirizano cha amai (vroue groep), ouderlinge en predikante van verskillende gemeentes van die Sinode te doen. (3) Om ŉ nuwe model vir die lees en interpreteer van die Nuwe Testament met die oog daarop om die probleem van die afwesigheid van vroue in posisies van leierskap in die CCAP Nkhoma Sinode te ontwikkel. Die navorsing het getoon dat vroue in die CCAP Nkhoma Sinode uit posisies van leierskap gehou word as gevolg van historiese, kulturele en Bybelse faktore. Histories het die eerste Nederlandse sendelinge wat na Malawi gekom het ŉ patriargale vorm van leierskap gevestig wat vroue van die begin af uitgesluit het. In kulturele verband is daar gevind dat die mense hulle tradisionele kulturele oortuigings ook in die kerk ingedra het, soos dat die man verhewe is bo die vrou, magtig en in beheer, terwyl vroue as swakker beskou word, minderwaardig en passief. Met behulp van Sosiale Identiteitsteorie is gevind dat hierdie oortuigings en handelinge van mans dat hulle meerderwaardig en beter as vroue is, deur aspekte soos self-kategorisering en stereotipering beïnvloed is. Dit beteken onder andere dat die moment wat mans hulleself as predikante en ouderlinge kategoriseer, hulle onmiddellik hulleself met ander groepe vergelyk, in die geval die Chigwirizano cha amai. Dit dra tot verdere stereotipering van vroue by, naamlik dat hulle swak en magteloos is en daarom nie vir posisies van leierskap geskik is nie. Die navorsing het getoon dat die faktor wat die grootste bydrae gelewer het tot die rede waarom die kerk die vroue se stemme stil gemaak het, verband hou met die wyse waarop die Bybel gelees word. Tekste soos 1 Kor 14:34-35 en 1 Tim 2:11-12 is dikwels gebruik om vroue daarvan te weerhou om hulle God-gegewe gawes van leierskap te ontwikkel en uit te leef. Dit is waarom ŉ nuwe model vir die interpretasie van die Skrif voorgestel word, wat uit literêre, sosiohistoriese en teologies-retoriese aspekte bestaan. Die navorser bly hoopvol dat deur ŉ herlees van die tekste die Chewa kultuur en missionêre verlede, asook die ingesteldheid van mense, hulle houdings en oortuigings ten gunste van vroue in posisies van leierskap sal verander. Die navorsing het gepoog om die volgende vrae te beantwoord: (1) Tot watter mate het historiese en kulturele faktore en dan spesifiek faktore wat met die interpretasie van die Bybel verband hou, tot die gebrek aan vroue in posisies van leierskap in die CCAP Nkhoma Sinode, bygedra? (2) Om ondersoek te doen tot watter mate hierdie faktore ook deur middel van empiriese navorsing bevestig kon word, wel bewus van die kompleksiteit van die situasie. (3) Om op grond van laasgenoemde ondersoekend te kyk na moontlike alternatiewe maniere waarop die geskiedenis, die kultuur en die Bybel gelees kan word? Hierdie drie vrae was voortdurend in die gedagtes van die navorser en het die dryfkrag gegee in die navorser se soeke na die onderliggende redes wat tot die sentrale probleem bygedra het.

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Semenya, David Kwena. "Biblical counselling of Sotho christians in Synod Midlands believing in witchcraft / by D.K. Semenya." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1184.

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The main problem, which this study aims to address is: what Biblical counselling can be given to Sotho Christian members who believe in Witchcraft? In addressing this problem the study will attempt to answer the following questions: What is the Scriptural message concerning witchcraft? What effect does the problem of limited cosmic good; fear and doubt about one's life-force have on Christians of the Reformed Churches in the resort of Synod Midlands? What guidelines can be developed to contribute in pastoral counselling for members who strongly believe in witchcraft? Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate and propose guidelines for counselling Sotho Christian members who believe in witchcraft. The study utilises Zerfass's model for research to form a basis theory, meta-theory and practical theoretical guidelines and methodology (Heyns & Pieterse, 1990:35-36). The study compares a Scriptural perspective about witchcraft practice with the practical situation that Sotho Christian members find in their daily lives. The following key words and phrases direct the focus of the study: limited cosmic good, fear, and doubt about someone's life-force. Scriptural perspectives and the key words are researched in detail, compared and evaluated Biblically. The conclusion provides guidelines from a Christian perspective to help Sotho Christian members who believe in witchcraft. These guidelines may only be effective when Sotho Christian members and Christian counsellors follow them. It is the duty of the Church of God to promote those Biblical guidelines and it is also the duty of the Sotho Christian members to apply them fully in their daily lives.<br>Thesis (M.A. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

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Barnhart, Melody R. (Melody Ruth). "Heresy vs. Orthodoxy: The Preus/Tietjen Controversy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500910/.

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Using the framework set up by rhetorical critic Thomas M. Lessl in his article "Heresy, Orthodoxy, And The Politics Of Science", this study examines the ways in which heretical discourse defines community boundaries and shapes perceptions of right belief. Specifically, this study analyzes the historic conflict in the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod which produced the doctrinal statement "A Statement of Scriptural and Confessional Principles". Comparison is made between this event and other "heretical" conflicts in other discourse communities. This study concludes that community boundaries must be drawn, and that a doctrinal or policy statement is a useful rhetorical tool to accomplish such a task. Rhetorical critics may assist in this by examining heretical conflicts as historical trends, rather than emotional dissonance.

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Connor, Lena R. "Justified By Faith: The Upper Susquehanna Lutheran Synod and the Pennsylvania Natural Gas Fracking Controversy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/83.

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An exercise in applied Christian ecotheology, this thesis focuses on a community of Lutheran church bodies (ELCA) in North Central Pennsylvania as they grappled with natural gas hydraulic fracturing in the summer of 2012. In the paper, I employ a combination of theological, environmental, historical, and ethnographic research methodologies to ground my analysis of how this synod of Lutherans to date has approached the fracking boom. My primary research question is: How might the Upper Susquehanna Synod of the ELCA--as a representative body of 131 Lutheran churches that are steeped in tradition--use its history, community involvement, theology, and church structure to address an ecological quandary like fracking? I answer this question in four sections, with each chapter focusing on a different thematic sub-question. Though I borrow techniques from the social sciences, I have written this thesis as a narrative, in order to draw the reader into this fascinating community. Instead of separating my literature review from my ethnographic data, I blend the two together in each chapter, weaving together quotes from synod members with secondary source material. Embedded throughout the report are also maps that I have produced using a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technique to give the story a spatial dimension. Additionally, I use photographs of the synod counties to enhance the reader’s understanding of the region’s ecological and cultural landscapes.

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Wamala, Joseph M. "The assessment and perspectives of the special assembly for Africa of the synod of bishops." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0013/NQ52280.pdf.

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Ross, David M. "The diocesan synod a comparative analysis of the 1917 and 1983 Codes of canon law /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Chikoti, Stephen Jailosi. "Awareness-building : a strategy for an effective relief and development approach in the Nkhoma Synod." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6457.

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Thesis (MTh)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: ABSTRACT This paper presents a proposal of carrying out sustainable relief and development activities from the church perspective. With reference to the Nkhoma Synod Relief and Development Project, the paper suggests that awareness brings about self-reliance; and forms a concrete foundation for any community project. The first chapter gives an introduction to the whole presentation. This includes research problem statement, hypothesis, motivation, and possible value of the study. Chapter 2 looks at meaning of development and what role should the church take in order to empower and improve the life of the local community. Chapter 3 analyses the relief programme initiated by Nkhoma Synod. The chapter looks at some problems that made the projects initiated by the church and government in Malawi not to work. Chapter 4 looks at some steps of how the church of Nkhoma Synod can initiate her programmes in order to be successful. The chapter first looks at the meaning of church and mission, then it goes to look at what do we mean when we talk of self-reliance of the local community. Eventually, chapter suggests how best can the church in Nkhoma Synod approach relief and development programme to bring about self-reliance. The chapter looks at the role of the change agents and the community. The final part that is chapter 5 contains some concluding remarks. The paper concludes with remarks that the people themselves must see that coming together to work in small groups is not only to their own advantage but also leads to increase solidarity and strengthens the people as a group.

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Blanck, Dag. "Becoming Swedish-American : the construction of an ethnic identity in the Augustana Synod, 1860-1917 /." Uppsala : Uppsala university, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36975338x.

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Reek, J. Dirk. "Theology of the divine call and intentional interim ministry in the Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.

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Hughes, Paula. "The 1649-50 Scottish witch-hunt : with particular reference to the synod of Lothian and Tweeddale." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2008. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21948.

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Between April 1649 and July 1650, over 500 people were accused of witchcraft in Scotland. This period represented one of the five "peaks" in witch-hunting in early modern Scotland identified by Christina Larner in her landmark work on the Scottish witch-hunts, Enemies of God (1983). To this date there has been no in depth study of the 1649-50 Scottish witch-hunt. This thesis offers an examination of the 1649-50 witch-hunt, considering the response of the central authorities to the outbreak of witch-hunting in the localities and the efforts to organise and control the witch-hunt. It also considers the actions of the local presbyteries and kirk sessions in the Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale in responding to community pressure for action on suspected witches. A unique approach has been adopted in considering the nature of Covenanting government and how it shaped the central response to the witch-hunt and the attempts to control the witch-hunt "from above". This thesis combines an examination of the volatile political situation in 1649-50 with an analysis of the complex social nature of witchcraft accusations. This thesis brings together the social and political history of the period in the context of explaining the 1649-50 witch-hunt, with particular regard to the synod of Lothian and Tweeddale.

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Pepeu, Luis Gonzaga S. "The diocesan bishop and major superiors mutual relations in the synod of bishops on consecrated life /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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Peperkorn, Todd A. "The use of C.F.W. Walther's "Kirche und Amt" in the Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod to 1947." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1999. http://www.tren.com.

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Otto, Rodney D. "Staffing to fulfill the Great Commission paraprofessionals in the church /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.

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Splinter, Dieter. "Theologe zwischen den Welten : Reinhold Niebuhr und die "Deutsche Evangelische Synode von Nord-America", 1892-1928 /." Aachen : Shaker, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37704467w.

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Kraemer, Richard William. "The mission and ministry to German-speaking Lutherans in Western Canada, 1879-1914." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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Cahill, Christopher T. "A tool for spiritual formation for pastors on the SELC District of the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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45

Abale-Phiri, Hastings Matemba. "Interculturalisation as transforming praxis : the case of the church of Central Africa Presbyterian Blantyre synod urban ministry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6771.

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Thesis (DTh (Practical Theology and Missiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: From within the epistemological framework of missional praxis in Participatory Development Theology, the researcher addresses ethnocentrism, poverty and regionalism in the historical contexts of the CCAP Blantyre Synod and Malawi. Over-against this condition, he advocates for a change in mindset to a hermeneutic of hospitality, respect and caring based on the construct of Interculturalisation in Development Theology. In accordance with his contextual and identity analyses’ and in line with participatory development challenges, he succeeds in designing a model for an intercultural missional approach which he argues would assist the CCAP Blantyre Synod to affect its calling and being as liberating, reconciling and transforming public entity. The thesis also includes thorough background information about Malawi such as of the early history, the geography and aspects of the economy. The role of the missionaries and the colonial administration is highlighted and there is a description of all the churches active in Malawi. ‘Interculturalisation’ has the potential to provide a forum where people of different ethnic, regional, denominational, cultural, national, religious and ideological backgrounds can meet and engage in a respectful intercultural dialogue because of its emphasis on hospitality and interdependence based on the Biblical anthropological principles and Kingdom values of acknowledging the other and the dignity of all human beings. Through intercultural-dialogue they can come to an understanding about the meaning of development as transformation, globally as well as locally. Interculturalisation therefore serves to facilitate and strengthen ecumenical formation and to nurture ecumenical consciousness. This mission model will enable people to concentrate on things that unite them rather than on those that divide them. Our submission here is that it is only with a united voice that other development partners can take the Church seriously. At present, however, the CCAP Blantyre Synod struggles with these issues because of the ongoing divisions among churches (particularly within the CCAP family) and churches not doing mission in unity. The result is that ecumenical work and addressing issues like poverty is difficult because there is no cooperation between denominations. The human dignity of all parties suffers and the gospel is neutralized. Ecumenism does not necessarily focus on individual development. The Church is both social and sacred; it is influenced by what happens outside as well as inside (cf. Heitink 1999: 9). We now live in a globalized world. The CCAP’s social task therefore is to be a missional transformation church – a church for all peoples regardless of class, race, ethnicity or culture. When she does that she will not need to have another social ethic because, by her life and witness, it will be clear that she is already that (Hauerwas 1983:104). White and black missionaries who established Blantyre Mission worked together– when working together, there was real progress, when not working together, there was no tangible progress. So let us also learn to live and work together as brothers and sisters created in the image of God and called into the kingdom of God, who should find our first and primary identity through our baptism into the one body of Christ (Ephesians 4:4-6). The “scandal of the disunity of the CCAP” family is very painful when we consider the church’s social task. This disunity exists in our time in the face of the alarmingly everincreasing proportions of unemployment, poverty, inequality. HIV/Aids, hunger, nepotism, corruption, women and child abuse, property-grabbing and lack of moral fibre adversely affecting the Church and society at large in Malawi. How can we justify the situation in which we who have been called to be the forerunners of God’s peaceable kingdom cannot, it seems, maintain unity among ourselves? Schreiter (1985:29) argues that, “if Christianity is alive at all in a situation, it will certainly change things about the culture. The Christian message, after all, is about change: repentance, salvation, and an eschatological reality to be realized. Therefore, to think that Christianity will not change the situation [in Malawi] is to rob the Christian message of its most important part”. The researcher refers to the fact that some of the earliest Scottish missionaries were culturally sensitive and respected all people. Everybody was treated with dignity. Where and when this was practiced, ethnocentrism did not take hold and the gospel reached across all boundaries. The church should follow this example. As brothers and sisters created in the image of God, we should find our first and primary identity through our baptism into the one body of Jesus Christ (Ephesians 4:4-6; cf. Ephesians 2:14).<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorser spreek etnosentrisme and armoede in Malawe aan vanuit die epistemologiese raamwerk van die sending benadering. Die navorser pleit vir ’n verandering in denke en houding, en vir ’n nuwe benadering baseer op gasvryheid, respek, besorgheid, meedeelsaamheid, verantwoordelikheid en deelname in vennootskappe vir die behoud en bevryding van mense, in die Afrika gees van “ubuntu“. Die tesis sluit ook agtergronds inligting omtrent Malawi soos die vroee geskiedenis, geografie en aspekte van die ekonomie in. Daar word gefokus op die rol van die sendlinge en daar is n beskrygwing van al die kerke wat in Malawi aktief is. Interkulturele samewerking het die potensiaal om ’n forum te skep waar mense van verskillende streke en etniese, kerklike, kulturele, nasionale, godsdienstige en ideologiese agtergronde mekaar kan ontmoet en deel neem aan dialoog. Dit kan gebeur as gevolg van die klem op gasvryheid en onderafhanklikheid wat baseer is op Bybelse antropologiese beginsels en Koninkryk waardes waar die belangrikheid van ander mense asook die waardigheid van alle menslike wesens erken word. Dialoog tussen lede van verskillende kulturele groepe kan lei tot ’n begrip van die betekenis van ontwikkeling as transformasie, globaal sowel as plaaslik. Interekulturele gesprek fasiliteer en versterk dus ekumeniese formasie en ekumeniese bewustheid. Hierdie model sal mense help om te fokus op dit wat hulle verenig in plaas van op dit wat hulle skei. Dit is net as die Kerk met een stem praat, dat die ander ontwikkelingsvennote die Kerk ernstig sal opneem. Tans egter sukkel die CCAP Blantyre Sinode met hierdie kwessies van langdurige divisies tussen kerke (veral in die CCAP familie) en dat die kerke NIE saam sending werk doen nie. (CCAP staan vir Die Kerk van Sentraal Afrika Prebiteriaans) Die gevolg is die ekumeniese werk en die aanspreek van kwessies soos armoede bemoeilik word omdat daar nie samewerking is tussen die denominasies nie. Die menslike waardigheid van al die partye ly skade en die evangelie word geneutraliseer. Die “skandaal“ van die onenigheid in die CCAP familie is pynlik, veral as ons die Kerk se sosiale taak in ag neem. Hierdie onenigheid bestaan in „“n tyd van die groeiende armoede, ongelykheid, werkloosheid, MIV/VIGS, gebrek aan morele waardes, die gryp van eiendom, nepotisme en korrupsie wat alreeds die Kerk en die gemeenskap negatief affekteer. Hoe kan ons hierdie situasie regverdig as ons wat geroepe is om die verteenwoordigers te wees van God se vreedsame koninkryk, nie eers onderling kan verening nie? Schreiter (1985:29) stel dit so: “ as die Christendom enigsins lewendig is in hierdie stuasie, sal dit sekerlik ’n verskil in die kultuur kan aanbring.. Die Christelike boodskap is per slot van sake ’n boodskap van verandering: bekering, redding en eskatologiese realiteit. Om dus te dink dat die Christelike boodskap nie ’n verskil kan maak aan die situasie [in Malawi] nie, is om ’n belangrike deel van die boodskap mis te kyk. Die navorser verwys na die feit dat sommige van die vroeë Skotse sendelinge kultureel sensitief was en aan alle mense respek bewys het. Almal is met waardigheiod behandel. Waar dit die geval was, het etnosentrisme nie wortel geskiet nie en het die evangelie alle grense oorgesteek. Die Kerk moet hierdie voorbeeld volg. Ons as broeders en susters wat geskep is na die Beeld van God moet ons eerste en primêre identiteit vind in die doop en in ons deel aan die een liggaam van Christus (Efesiers 4: 4-6).

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Odozor, Paulinus I. "The Second Synod of Bishops for Africa: A Review of the some of the major points discussed." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 2010. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,3452.

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47

Wolfram, Richard J. "Helping contemporary people use historic liturgy." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.

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48

Gomoluch, Susanne Hess Jonathan M. "Hitting rock bottom reading male synope in Kleist's Die Familie Schroffenstein, Michael Kohlhaas, and Prinz Friedrich von Homburg /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2329.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures." Discipline: Germanic Languages; Department/School: Germanic Languages.

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Katani, Archwells Moffat. "Traditional Malawian choral music : a liturgical-critical study within the Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP)-Nkhoma Synod." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1268.

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Kandinda, Baldwin White. "The history of the synod of Zambia of the uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa (1924 to 2008)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30117.

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