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Journal articles on the topic 'Synoptic vision'
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1
Schroeder, William R. "Nietzsche’s Synoptic and Utopian Vision." International Studies in Philosophy 21, no. 2 (1989): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/intstudphil198921264.
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Gates, Brian. "Synoptic vision: some research priorities for RE." Journal of Religious Education 69, no. 3 (October 15, 2021): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40839-021-00147-5.
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Frauley, Jon. "Synoptic Vision: Metatheory, Conceptualisation, and Critical Realism." Canadian Journal of Sociology 42, no. 3 (September 29, 2017): 293–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs27841.
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This paper takes recent sociological debate about “transdisciplinarity” (Carroll 2012; Puddephatt and McLaughlin 2015; Mišina 2015) as a springboard for elaborating on the sociological relevance of meta-theoretical engagement, particularly with critical realism. Sociologists need to more forcefully acknowledge the importance of engaging with metatheory if they are to think more productively and creatively about how the philosophical assumptions that have shaped the production of theories, research design, research practice, and the organisation of our field facilitate and delimit the production of insights about the multifaceted nature of sociological objects and practice. As meta-theorising promotes the neglected procedure of conceptualisation (as opposed to operationalisation) and because it is transdisciplinary (promoting the shedding of disciplinary boundary maintenance while remaining rigorous and methodical), it should be routinely engaged by social scientists to yield conceptual synthesis and fuller, more adequate forms of explanation of their particular objects of investigation.
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LEVINE, STEVEN M. "THE PLACE OF PICTURING IN SELLARS' SYNOPTIC VISION." Philosophical Forum 38, no. 3 (September 2007): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9191.2007.00266.x.
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Flaherty, James. "Sellars and the Synoptic Vision of Persons-in-the-World." Modern Schoolman 81, no. 4 (2004): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/schoolman200481421.
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Seok, Jin Sung. "Interpreting a Particular Psalm Holistically with a Synoptic Vision of Imagination." ACTS Theological Journal 41 (October 30, 2019): 41–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.19114/atj.41.2.
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Christias, Dionysis. "1 Sellars's Synoptic Vision: A `Dialectical' Ascent 1 Toward `Absorbed Skillful Coping'?" Res Philosophica 94, no. 1 (2017): 135–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11612/resphil.1505.
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Stuckey, Mary E. "FDR, the Rhetoric of Vision, and the Creation of a National Synoptic State." Quarterly Journal of Speech 98, no. 3 (August 2012): 297–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00335630.2012.691172.
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Onyenali, Rowland. "“En Christō” as Pauline Argument against Synoptic Demonology: Implications for the Church in Africa." Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 37, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265378820933284.
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There is no doubt that exorcism of demons is a central feature in the synoptic presentation of the works of the earthly Jesus. This central issue among the synoptic writers is absent in the gospel according to John and in the writings of St Paul. This article argues that a plausible explanation of this absence is that the issue of demonic possession was not important to the communities founded among the Hellenistic Christians of Asia Minor. Instead of presenting the encounters between Jesus and the demons, Paul presents the incorporation into Christ as a definitive victory over the forces of sin and evil. The Christian incorporated “in Christ” has won the battle over the devil. Understanding and implementing this Pauline vision among African Christians is a better missionary approach than the current chasing after demons that characterize contemporary Christianity in Africa.
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Eguiarte, Enrique A. "El fondo amploniano y los nuevos sermones de san Agustín." Augustinus 58, no. 228 (2013): 21–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/augustinus201358228/2292.
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The article has two parts. In the first part, a synoptic vision of St. Augustine as a preacher is presented. It deals also with the spreading of St. Augustine's works and with his first printed works, up to the actual critical editions. The second part is a discussion of Augustine’s documents recently discovered, starting with the Divjak letters, the Dolbeau sermons, focusing on the Erfurt sermons, presenting a long introduction to these sermons, as well as an analysis of the main topics of each Erfurt sermon.
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MacBride, Fraser. "Analytic Philosophy and its Synoptic Commission: Towards the Epistemic End of Days." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 74 (June 30, 2014): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246114000095.
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AbstractThere is no such thing as ‘analytic philosophy’, conceived as a special discipline with its own distinctive subject matter or peculiar method. But there is an analytic task for philosophy that distinguishes it from other reflective pursuits, a global or synoptic commission: to establish whether the final outputs of other disciplines and common sense can be fused into a single periscopic vision of the Universe. And there is the hard-won insight that thought and language aren't transparent but stand in need of analysis – a recent variation upon the abiding philosophical theme that we need to get behind appearances to tell the ultimate truth about reality – an insight that threatens to be lost once philosophers appeal to intuitions.
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Albrow, Martin. "Max Weber: From Modernity to Globality – a Personal Memoir." Theory, Culture & Society 37, no. 7-8 (October 12, 2020): 315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276420957749.
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Lighting upon Weber as a history student in the late 1950s led to all round engagement with his work to the present day, beginning with rationality and bureaucracy, passing through appreciation of his synoptic vision of modernity, and arguing for the continuing relevance of his rationalization thesis. This emphasis on Weber’s contribution to understanding the course of modernity led in the 1990s to pointing out that his approach to epochal shift provides the basis for understanding the global age. The ever-developing nature of his thought can be further illustrated in his studies of China.
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Mercier, Lucie. "Introduction to Serres on Transdisciplinarity." Theory, Culture & Society 32, no. 5-6 (September 2015): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276415599118.
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Excerpted from an article on Leibniz first published in 1974 in Hermès III, la Traduction, Michel Serres’s ‘Transdisciplinarity as Relative Exteriority’ offers a synoptic view of Serres’s vision of the relationship between philosophy and the sciences. Serres charts four historical strategies by which philosophy has secured its theoretical control over the sciences, four versions of philosophical exteriority towards the scientific field. He contrasts this topography or philosophical ‘theatre’ of representation to Leibniz’s immanent relation to scientific discourse. A systematic whole without fixed metalanguage, the Leibnizian encyclopaedia constitutes, according to Serres, a truly transdisciplinary method.
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Walls, Laura Dassow. "Thoreau's Late Career and "The Dispersion of Seeds": The Saunterer's Synoptic Vision. Michael Benjamin Berger." Isis 92, no. 4 (December 2001): 800–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385410.
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Balasubramanian, Yogameena, Kokila Sivasankaran, and Sindhu Priya Krishraj. "Forensic video solution using facial feature‐based synoptic Video Footage Record." IET Computer Vision 10, no. 4 (March 9, 2016): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cvi.2015.0238.
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Withy, Katherine. "Open to Encounter." Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal 44, no. 1 (2023): 245–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/gfpj2023441/210.
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One of Martin Heidegger’s enduring philosophical legacies is his overall vision of what it is to be us. We—whoever that turns out to include—are cases of Dasein, and as such we are distinctively open to entities, including others and ourselves. In this essay, I paint a picture of that openness that aims to capture why Heidegger’s vision has so powerfully gripped so many. Drawing on Heidegger’s thought both early and late, I present a synoptic view of us as open to the encounter with entities' bursting forth into presencing. We can be more or less closed off to this upsurge, but we can also allow it in its full power: in philosophical and poetic openness. I draw on Borgmann, Buber, Plato’s Socrates, Rilke, and others to capture our openness at its Heideggerian best—and we ourselves at our best, showing up radiantly for encounter.
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Szalek, Piotr K. "The Early Modern Origins of Pragmatism." Disputatio 12, no. 59 (December 1, 2020): 433–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2020-0020.
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Abstract This paper considers the alleged pragmatism of Berkeley’s philosophy using the two Sellarsian categories of ‘manifest’ and ‘scientific’ images of the world and human beings. The ‘manifest’ image is regarded as a refinement of the ordinary way of conceiving things, and the scientific image is seen as a theoretical picture of the world provided by science. The paper argues that the so-called Berkeleian pragmatism was an effect of Berkeley’s work towards a synthesis of ‘manifest’ and ‘scientific’ images through the creation of one unified synoptic vision of the world and was a part of a new conceptual framework within which these two images could be combined.
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Abe, Lyu, Nicolas Epchtein, Wolfgang Ansorge, Stefania Argentini, Ian Bryson, Marcel Carbillet, Gavin Dalton, et al. "A European vision for a “Polar Large Telescope” project." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S288 (August 2012): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131201695x.
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AbstractThe Polar Large Telescope (PLT) project is primarily aimed at undertaking large, wide band synoptic astronomical surveys in the infrared in order to provide critical data to the forthcoming generation of observational facilities such as ALMA, JWST, LSST and the E–ELT, and to complement the observations obtained with them. Sensitive thermal IR surveys beyond 2.3 μm cannot be carried out from any existing ground based observatory and the Antarctic Plateau is the only place on the ground where it can be envisaged, thanks to its unique atmospheric and environmental properties, such as the turbulence profile (image quality), the low opacity and the reduced thermal background emission of the sky. These unique conditions enable high angular resolution wide field surveys in the near thermal infrared (2.3–5 μm). This spectral range is particularly well suited to tackling key astrophysical questions such as: i) investigating the nature of the distant universe, the first generation of stars and the latest stages of stellar evolution, ii) understanding transient phenomena such as gamma ray-bursts and Type Ia supernovae, iii) increasing our knowledge of extra-solar planets. Further instruments may broaden the expected science outcomes of such a 2–4 m class telescope especially for the characterization of galaxies at very large distance to provide new clues in the mysteries of dark matter and energy. Efforts will be made to merge this project with other comparable projects within an international consortium.
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Peters, Michael A. "International Education After the Covid Years: Recovery, Rebuilding, Reimagining - Towards a New Chinese Internationalism." Beijing International Review of Education 4, no. 4 (March 3, 2023): 724–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25902539-04040013.
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Abstract This synoptic paper enquires into the status of international education after the Covid years in terms of the themes of ‘recovery, rebuilding, reimagining’. It reviews some recent adjustments to international education strategy to recapture the market for international students and looks to unesco’s new social contract for education as a barometer and index for futures of education in a very uncertain world that faces multiple crises. The paper argues that the unesco vision is a strength but must be tempered by a recognition of the shift of gravity in world economy and politics. International education took root based on the values of British and American liberal internationalism. Today it is recommended that scholars in the west also recognize the characteristics and development of Chinese internationalism that has come to inform Chinese international education.
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Parikh, J. A., J. S. DaPonte, J. N. Vitale, and G. Tselioudis. "An evolutionary system for recognition and tracking of synoptic-scale storm systems." Pattern Recognition Letters 20, no. 11-13 (November 1999): 1389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8655(99)00110-5.
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Radatz, Hans-Ingo. "The Romance Subjunctive Schema. Grammaticalisations and Constructionalisations in a Comparative CxG Analysis of Spanish, Catalan, French, and Italian." Catalan Journal of Linguistics 23 (October 17, 2024): 249–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/catjl.445.
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This article applies the principles of Construction Grammar (CxG) to the problem of describing the various subjunctive-constructions in the Romance languages. Departing from a very basic mother construction, all other uses are derived from it via the concept of constructionalisation (c.f. Traugott & Trousdale 2013). The description thus takes the form of a cognitive network that can be represented as a graphic in which all ramifications are represented in a way that allows a synoptic vision of all subjunctive schemas of a given language. These charts are then used for a comparison between various Romance languages. The most important difference appears to be the development of the Honorific-Imperative Construction in all those languages that have developed a formal address-system based on morphologically 3rd person pronouns (Vd., você, vostè); in these languages, morphological subjunctives have given rise to a whole new paradigm of “neo-imperatives”.
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Thomas, Sinnu Susan, Sumana Gupta, and Venkatesh K. Subramanian. "Perceptual synoptic view of pixel, object and semantic based attributes of video." Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 38 (July 2016): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2016.03.015.
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Romero, M. Ross. "Jesuit Philosophy as a Way of Life: The Contributions of W. Norris Clarke and John F. Kavanaugh." Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 76, no. 4 (January 31, 2021): 1425–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2020_76_4_1425.
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John F. Kavanaugh and W. Norris Clarke, two twentieth-century Jesuits, contributed to philosophy through their development of a Thomistic and personalist view of reality emphasizing the human endowments of knowing, freely choosing, and loving. While spiritual exercises played a role in the formation of both Jesuits, the function of spiritual exercises in their own philosophy has not been explored. Recent interest in philosophy as a way of life provides a means by which this can be accomplished. In their work Michel Foucault and Pierre Hadot have shown how spiritual exercises function in the formation of the self and in the acquisition of a synoptic vision that allows contemplation of one’s participation in the whole. This paper shows that while Kavanaugh primarily uses spiritual exercises in his philosophy to accomplish a disciplinary/formational aim Clarke’s aim is dialogical/exploratory. A brief examination of the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola reveals how these different aims in fact complement one another.
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Yang, Liping, Joshua Driscol, Sarigai Sarigai, Qiusheng Wu, Christopher D. Lippitt, and Melinda Morgan. "Towards Synoptic Water Monitoring Systems: A Review of AI Methods for Automating Water Body Detection and Water Quality Monitoring Using Remote Sensing." Sensors 22, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 2416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062416.
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Water features (e.g., water quantity and water quality) are one of the most important environmental factors essential to improving climate-change resilience. Remote sensing (RS) technologies empowered by artificial intelligence (AI) have become one of the most demanded strategies to automating water information extraction and thus intelligent monitoring. In this article, we provide a systematic review of the literature that incorporates artificial intelligence and computer vision methods in the water resources sector with a focus on intelligent water body extraction and water quality detection and monitoring through remote sensing. Based on this review, the main challenges of leveraging AI and RS for intelligent water information extraction are discussed, and research priorities are identified. An interactive web application designed to allow readers to intuitively and dynamically review the relevant literature was also developed.
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Tartaglia, James. "Philosophy between Religion and Science." Essays in Philosophy 12, no. 2 (2011): 224–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eip20111223.
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Philosophical concerns are evidenced from the beginning of human literature, which have no obvious connection to philosophy’s mainstream epistemological and metaphysical problematic. I reject the views that the nature of philosophy is a philosophical question, and that the discipline is united by methodology, arguing that it must be united by subject matter. The origins of the discipline provide reasons to doubt the existence of a unifying subject matter, however, and scepticism about philosophy also arises from its a priori methodology and apparent lack of progress. In response, I argue that philosophy acquired a distinctive subject matter when the concept of transcendence was introduced into attempts to gain a systematic understanding of the world and our place within it; philosophy thereby pursues the same aim of achieving a synoptic vision of reality as religion, but resembles science in its development and employment of rigorous methodologies. Philosophy’s subject matter explains why it must be pursued a priori, and it only appears not to have progressed when aims are neglected, and it is inappropriately assimilated to science.
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Nalewaj, Aleksandra. "»We have Found the Messiah« (John 1:41) - The Formation of Disciples in the Gospel of John." Nova prisutnost XIX, no. 2 (July 16, 2021): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31192/np.19.2.6.
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The disciple is a seminal topic for every Evangelist. The Johannine image of the followers of the Rabbi from Nazareth diverges from the Synoptic vision. In the Fourth Gospel, the disciples follow and serve the Master – like in Mark, Matthew, and Luke – yet the Johannine Jesus does not ask them to break their family ties or leave anything behind. A narrative analysis of the Fourth Gospel lets Culpepper consider the disciples of Christ from the perspective of their literary functions and determine the criteria of their discipleship. The critic divides their formation process into three stages related to seeing, believing, and continuing in the word. In the eyes of the reader, the followers of Jesus – perceived individually or as a community – perform functions as role models or representatives. To be a disciple is to accept the gift of becoming a child of God (John 1:12), which presumes a broad, universal perspective. For this reason, the author of John uses the term »disciple« as many as seventy-eight times, »Twelve« – only four times, while the word »apostle« is never spoken.
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Shafa Rachmatika Noer Muklisin and Fachmy Sugih Pradifta. "Konsep Perancangan Kawasan Permukiman Kumuh Kelurahan Tembilahan Kota, Kecamatan Tembilahan, Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Provinsi Riau." Bandung Conference Series: Urban & Regional Planning 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2025): 121–30. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsurp.v5i1.18173.
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Abstract. Decree of the Regent of Indragiri Hilir Number 133/II/HK-2017 stipulates 176.36 ha as the location of slum areas in Indragiri Hilir Regency. The local government is trying to resolve this issue, one of which is by compiling the Plan for Prevention and Improvement of the Quality of Slum Housing and Slum Settlements (RP2KPKPK). However, there are 6.80 ha in Tembilahan Kota Village that have not been addressed in the RP2KPKPK document. This study aims to develop a concept for designing slum areas in Tembilahan Kota Village with a synoptic method framework. The analysis method used is site analysis with a mixed method approach. Data collected in this study were obtained through field observations, institutional surveys, and literature studies. The design results in this study will divide the area into three zones, namely (1) Bahtera Coastal Zone (2) Sentosa Revitalization Zone (3) Harmoni Heritage Zone. The design vision in this study is to create a waterfront residential area that carries the characteristics of Malay buildings with modern designs to present safe, comfortable, productive, and sustainable housing. Abstrak. Surat Keputusan Bupati Indragiri Hilir Nomor 133/II/HK-2017 menetapkan 176,36 ha sebagai lokasi kawasan permukiman kumuh di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Pemerintah daerah berupaya menyelesaikan isu ini salah satunya dengan penyusunan Rencana Pencegahan dan Peningkatan Kualitas Perumahan Kumuh dan Permukiman Kumuh (RP2KPKPK). Namun terdapat 6,80 Ha di Kelurahan Tembilahan Kota yang belum tertangani dalam dokumen RP2KPKPK. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menyusun konsep perancangan kawasan permukiman kumuh di Kelurahan Tembilahan Kota dengan kerangka kerja synoptic method. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis tapak dengan metode pendekatan mixed method. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini ditempuh dengan observasi lapangan, survei instansional, dan studi literatur. Hasil perancangan dalam studi ini akan membagi kawasan ke dalam tiga zona yakni (1) Zona Pesisir Bahtera (2) Zona Revitalisasi Sentosa (3) Zona Warisan Harmoni. Visi perancangan dalam penelitian ini adalah menciptakan kawasan permukiman waterfront yang mengusung karakteristik bangunan Melayu dengan desain modern untuk menghadirkan hunian yang aman, nyaman, produktif, dan berkelanjutan.
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Gowers, Emily. "Lucan’s (G)natal Poem." Classical Antiquity 40, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2021.40.1.45.
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This paper explores the aesthetics of miniaturization in Statius’ Silvae 2.7, in relation to Statius’ unexpected decision to write a tribute to the dead epic poet Lucan in hendecasyllables. The choice of a meter associated with irreverence, ephemerality, speed, and fun has been variously justified as expressing the poet’s ambivalent mood—mourning and celebration combined—or encapsulating his subject’s brief life. This paper builds on these explanations from a different angle. The epitome of miniature, playful poetry in the Silvae is the pseudo-Virgilian Culex (Gnat), mentioned first in Statius’ opening preface as a model for his collection and then in the tribute to Lucan as a yardstick for the young poet’s precocity. This is no casual coincidence. Statius’ résumé of baby Lucan’s future career uses techniques of retrospective prophecy similar to those with which the Culex-poet anticipates and absorbs Virgil’s entire oeuvre. Other clues suggest that Statius is engaging with the faked juvenile work more than sporadically, writing the equivalent for Lucan in the smallest meter imaginable while aiming to surpass both Virgil and Lucan as a poet of speed and synoptic vision.
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MITICHE, A., and J. K. AGGARWAL. "PATTERN CATEGORY ASSIGNMENT BY NEURAL NETWORKS AND NEAREST NEIGHBORS RULE: A SYNOPSIS AND A CHARACTERIZATION." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 10, no. 05 (August 1996): 393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001496000268.
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The purpose of this paper is two-fold: to give a synoptic description of favored neural networks and to characterize the potency of these neural networks as pattern classifiers, against the background of the familiar nearest neighbors classification. We limit the study to those neural network structures most commonly used for pattern classification: the multilayer perceptron, the Kohonen associative memory, and the Carpenter–Grossberg clustering network, for which we give a tutorial description with the aim of making the driving concepts apparent. The nearest neighbors rule is presented with improved nearest neighbor search and reference data sample pruning. To gain some familiarity with the classifiers, we expound the sequence of computations implicated in pattern category assignment by each classifier. A characterization of the classifiers is drawn from observed and expected properties and from experiments in automatic target recognition and optical character recognition as summarized in comparative tables of performance. This characterization supports the suggestion that nearest neighbors classification always be considered before endorsing alternative pattern classifiers such as neural networks.
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Li, Xiaolong, Federica B. Bianco, Gregory Dobler, Roee Partoush, Armin Rest, Tatiana Acero-Cuellar, Riley Clarke, Willow Fox Fortino, Somayeh Khakpash, and Ming Lian. "Toward the Automated Detection of Light Echoes in Synoptic Surveys: Considerations on the Application of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks." Astronomical Journal 164, no. 6 (November 15, 2022): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac9409.
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Abstract Light echoes (LEs) are the reflections of astrophysical transients off of interstellar dust. They are fascinating astronomical phenomena that enable studies of the scattering dust as well as of the original transients. LEs, however, are rare and extremely difficult to detect as they appear as faint, diffuse, time-evolving features. The detection of LEs still largely relies on human inspection of images, a method unfeasible in the era of large synoptic surveys. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will generate an unprecedented amount of astronomical imaging data at high spatial resolution, exquisite image quality, and over tens of thousands of square degrees of sky: an ideal survey for LEs. However, the Rubin data processing pipelines are optimized for the detection of point sources and will entirely miss LEs. Over the past several years, artificial intelligence (AI) object-detection frameworks have achieved and surpassed real-time, human-level performance. In this work, we leverage a data set from the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System telescope to test a popular AI object-detection framework, You Only Look Once, or YOLO, developed by the computer-vision community, to demonstrate the potential of AI for the detection of LEs in astronomical images. We find that an AI framework can reach human-level performance even with a size- and quality-limited data set. We explore and highlight challenges, including class imbalance and label incompleteness, and road map the work required to build an end-to-end pipeline for the automated detection and study of LEs in high-throughput astronomical surveys.
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Vicente, Luís, Fernando Carreira, Francisco M. Campos, Mário J. G. C. Mendes, João M. F. Calado, and Gamboa Carvalho. "Supervision System 4.0 for a Road Tanker Washing Robot Manipulator." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (July 23, 2023): 8500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148500.
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The washing of road tankers is currently still a manual process that requires an operator to place the washing head into the tanks. To increase productivity and operator safety, it is essential to implement automated systems with Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) capabilities. On the other hand, the industry 4.0 paradigm promotes the use of collaborative systems that integrate with the other organization’s processes. Realizing this new vision requires Supervision, Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems with FDI modules that integrate with collaborative systems and promote the digitalization of companies. This paper proposes a SCADA system for a new road tanker washing robot, aimed at integrating all systems and communication networks of the organization and future FDI modules. To this end, this paper proposes a communication architecture based on open protocols and a common database to connect SCADA to the lower and higher levels of automation. Furthermore, this paper describes the various aspects of SCADA system development, from synoptic design to validation. To support the development of the SCADA system, a Digital Twin (DT) of the road tanker washing robot was used, allowing to test and validate its functionality through this virtual prototype. The results show that the proposed SCADA system and underlying information architecture are suitable for supervision of a robotized wash operation and that the use of a Digital Twin facilitates SCADA system design and validation.
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Taylor, Bryce A. "Holden Caulfield: Sort of a Christian." Religion and the Arts 18, no. 5 (2014): 653–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-01805003.
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Many critics have remarked on the deeply religious character of J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye; the novel has been discussed, for example, in terms of Zen Buddhism and Gnosticism. Catcher’s treatment of Christianity, however, has received little attention. This omission is regrettable given the characteristic acuity with which its narrator, Holden Caulfield, addresses Christian sources and themes. The aim of this article, therefore, is to consider in detail Holden’s conflicted attitude toward Christianity. It contends that despite Holden’s biting complaints against Christians (e.g., that many are hypocritical, cliquish, or ostentatious), he manifests an affinity for Christ and an attraction to Christian forms of religious life. This approach to the novel makes much of Holden’s allusion to the story, found in the Synoptic Gospels, of Legion, the Gerasene demoniac. Holden, like Legion, seems ostracized, masochistic, and obsessed by death, but in the novel’s climactic scene at the carousel, he finds healing. Furthermore, in the carousel scene especially, one can detect parallels between Catcher and the Divine Comedy. Just as Dante is guided from hell, through purgatory, to the beatific vision, so Holden is led (principally by his deceased brother Allie and his sister Phoebe) from misery, through purgation, to a moment of ineffable joy. The novel therefore may be read, this article contends, as a religious quest in which Holden comes to perceive the fundamental goodness of the world and its Creator.
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Gavrilenko, Stanislav. "The World on the Surface: The Ambassadors and the Globe of Hans Holbein the Younger." Philosophical Literary Journal Logos 33, no. 1 (2023): 157–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/0869-5377-2023-1-157-185.
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The article attempts to address to purely realistic plan of one of the most famous and full “secret schemes” paintings of the Northern Renaissance — The Ambassadors by Hans Holbein the Younger (1533). This plan is shaped by the scene of neighborhood, within which the people with particular status and function (ambassadors) and very specific things (many astronomical, geographic, arithmetic and musical things) are combined. What does this neighborhood demonstrate? Almost all the objects depicted by Holbein accompanying the ambassadors, have a direct bearing on observation practices and ways of capturing, transforming, organizing and representing their results. The article makes the cautious assumption that over the possible hidden meanings and semantic sediments the picture of Holbein documents the moment in history of Europe when the techniques of observation and the ways of its representative consolidation began to fit closely not only into large-scale political strategies, but also into routine state administration procedures, while political apparatus began to constitute itself as an apparatus of observation. Particular attention is paid to the terrestrial globe, depicted on Holbein’s picture, as an important part of these apparatus. For the Holbein’s epoch the terrestrial globe was a new object. Being concurrently an epistemological instrument and an instrument of political domination, terrestrial globe is a complex mechanism of synoptic vision and totalizing representation, that representative (cartographic) surface on which the hard work of assembling and controlling the world is carried out.
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Pilon, Romain, and Daniela I. V. Domeisen. "cloudbandPy 1.0: an automated algorithm for the detection of tropical–extratropical cloud bands." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 6 (March 19, 2024): 2247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2247-2024.
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Abstract. Persistent and organized convective cloud systems that arise in convergence zones can lead to the formation of synoptic cloud bands extending from the tropics to the extratropics. These cloud bands are responsible for heavy precipitation and are often a combination of tropical intrusions of extratropical Rossby waves and processes originating from the tropics. Detecting these cloud bands presents a valuable opportunity to enhance our understanding of the variability of these systems and the underlying processes that govern their behavior and that connect the tropics and the extratropics. This paper presents a new atmospheric cloud band detection method based on outgoing longwave radiation using computer vision techniques, which offers enhanced capabilities to identify long cloud bands across diverse gridded datasets and variables. The method is specifically designed to detect extended tropical–extratropical convective cloud bands, ensuring accurate identification and analysis of these dynamic atmospheric features in convergence zones. The code allows for easy configuration and adaptation of the algorithm to meet specific research needs. The method handles cloud band merging and splitting, which allows for an understanding of the life cycle of cloud bands and their climatology. This algorithm lays the groundwork for improving our understanding of the large-scale processes that are involved in the formation and life cycle of cloud bands and the connections between tropical and extratropical regions as well as evaluating the differences in cloud band types between different ocean basins.
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Clark, J. C. D. "England's Ancien Regime as a Confessional State." Albion 21, no. 3 (1989): 450–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050089.
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Any model of English society during the “long” eighteenth century whether briefly characterized as an ancien regime or a confessional state must rest on some consideration of its seventeenth-century antecedents, and include some account of how and why a quite different historiography was worked out in the nineteenth century. Similarly, any critique, to be fully effective, would need to range as widely in time and theme. The preceding articles by James Bradley, John Money, and John Phillips offer useful challenges to part of the wider thesis but so far lack a broad perspective. This in itself focusses attention on my own books at the expense of those of my colleagues. The historiographical element in my work has made explicit my indebtedness to the many other scholars whose research over three centuries of British history is congruent with my own: only that restricted horizon which limits some enquiries to one or two decades could lead critics to fail to do justice to what is, after all, the work of a generation of authors and not one of “revisionist” alone.It is because the new thinking which I addressed has been the product of a diverse generation of scholars rather than of a “school” of “revisionists” (let alone of an individual) that the restatements of an old orthodoxy have been so few. There has been no general counter-attack on the “revisionists,” and no alternative synoptic vision of the English past which remotely looks as if it could be a blueprint either for a revival of the old history or for some quite new vision. Replies have tried instead to defend some part of the old model on increasingly restricted ground. It has been suggested, for example, that “meaningful popular politics” can indeed be found in the borough of Maidstone in the late eighteenth century; but such an argument can only be sustained by not attending to the reasons which made Maidstone, and a few boroughs like it, unusual. Here as elsewhere, the pattern of response has been to defend a previous thesis by narrowing the frame of reference chronologically or geographically, searching for one area at least where it can be made to fit.
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Martos Núñez, Eloy. "Alterliteraturas (Los 100 ojos de la Educacion literaria en la era poscovid)." Alabe Revista de Investigación sobre Lectura y Escritura 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15645/alabe2021.24.11.
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A panoptic (Foucault) and not synoptic vision of literature, and of literary education in particular, is needed. This is in order to “tear down” the categories or rigid borders that surround the “center” of the canon and so called marginal literature, which is full of prejudices, and from a time in the history of education anchored in stereotypes of national literature or in eurocentrism that decolonial thought is correctly taking apart. It is necessary to visualize diversity by integrating all the richness of expression from the artistic word, from ancestral orality, through classical written culture, and up to ciberculture, which has overcome the classical margins from the oral or written realm, to enter the terrain of multimodality. Of all the concurrent codes with the word that now, beyond theater or cinema, are also expressed literarily through new alphabets. In the same way that dramatic literature is discussed, now the field must be opened to television, anime and many other audiovisual expressions from the digital world. The change is that not only the margins of reading formats have been overcome (Chartier) but also the themes and genres and what was a “marginal” or “marginalized” literature (like LIJ) today moves to the center of the literary-educational universe. This is what is symbolized with the figure of the monster Argos Panoptes and the need of the 100 eyes of literary education, and didactic instruments, which has been symbolized in three parts: sharing the imaginary, creating “compasses” for reading itineraries, and promoting alternative methodologies.
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Fournier, Aimé. "Instantaneous Wavelet Energetic Transfers between Atmospheric Blocking and Local Eddies." Journal of Climate 18, no. 13 (July 1, 2005): 2151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3381.1.
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Abstract A new wavelet energetics technique, based on best-shift orthonormal wavelet analysis (OWA) of an instantaneous synoptic map, is constructed for diagnosing nonlinear kinetic energy (KE) transfers in five observed blocking cases. At least 90% of the longitudinal variance of time and latitude band mean 50-kPa geopotential is reconstructed by only two wavelets using best shift. This superior efficiency to the standard OWAs persists for time-evolving structures. The cases comprise two categories, respectively dominated by zonal-wavenumber sets {1} and {1, 2}. Further OWA of instantaneous residual nonblocking structures, combined with new “nearness” criteria, yields three more orthogonal components, representing smaller-scale eddies near the block (upstream and downstream) and distant structures. This decomposition fulfills a vision expressed to the author by Saltzman. Such a decomposition is not obtainable by simple Fourier analysis. Eddy patterns apparent in the components’ contours suggest inferring geostrophic energetic interactions, but the component Rossby numbers may be too large to support the inference. However, a new result enabled by this method is the instantaneous attribution of blocking strain-field effects to particular energetically interactive eddies, consistent with Shutts’ hypothesis. Such attribution was only possible before in simplified models or in a time-average sense. In four of five blocks, the upstream eddies feed KE to the block, which in turn, in three of four cases, transmits KE to the downstream eddies. The small case size precludes statistically significant conclusions. The appendixes link low-order blocking structure and dynamics to some wavelet design principles and propose a new interaction diagnosis, similar to E-vector analysis, but instantaneous.
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BELL, IAN F. A. "Michael Benjamin Berger, Thoreau's Late Career and “The Dispersion of Seeds”: The Saunterer's Synoptic Vision (Woodbridge, Suffolk and Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2000, £35/$55). Pp. 153. ISBN 1 57113 168 X." Journal of American Studies 36, no. 2 (August 2002): 319–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875802276872.
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Dyrdin, Alexander. "New Testament Metaphors of Sea and Fire in “Pyramid” by L. M. Leonov." Проблемы исторической поэтики 21, no. 4 (December 2023): 324–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j9.art.2023.13102.
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The article is devoted to the study of the Gospel metaphor in L. M. Leonov’s novel “The Pyramid” (1940–1994). The theme of associative and symbolic nature, religious, mysterial, and metaphorical context of the writer’s works is at the initial stage of research. The study material comprised the sea and fire metaphors, as well as other metaphorical images taken from the three synoptic Gospels of the Russian Synodal Bible, as well as the Revelation of John the Theologian with their abundance, miracles, visions and prophecies. Certain features of metaphorization in the “Pyramid” related to the philosophical and artistic essence of Leonov’s creative persona, ontologically sharpened vision of man and the world are studied. The proposed observations are of a preliminary and fragmentary nature. The task of the work is to reveal the metaphors that have become the most important element of Leonov’s artistic thinking and style. The methodology of the article is integrated with the Christian tradition of interpretation of the Old and New Testaments, patristic hermeneutics, and modern ideas about metaphor. The author uses cognitive and linguistic tools, as well as the modern studies of metaphor, to comment on the metaphorical images of the Gospel. The unity of the writer’s spiritual and aesthetic experience is revealed in the suprastructural figurative system generated by the craving for symbolization of events and characters. The metaphoric images of the novel serves as a bridge between the content of the Gospel canon and the author’s artistic logic, materialized in a chain of transformed biblical allegories, parables, and prophecies. In the text of the novel, they are replaced by metaphorical idioms that have a syncretical synthesized integrity. Leonov’s accretion metaphors form a new metaphorical field. Without losing their original spiritual and moral semantics, they become self-sufficient. Leonov’s philosophical and aesthetic intuition, which integrates different levels of reality and generates additional meanings. We can talk about the combination of metaphors, the double metaphor, the mixed, non-contradictory metaphor that unfolds in the novel and forms the basis of the narrative system. The result of the semantic explication of the direct Gospel metaphor was the assimilation of the meanings given by the Gospel text. With the help of extended metaphors and paraphrases, Leonov signifies the key ideas of the Pyramid. The main one is the tragic shifts in national destiny caused by the apostasy from Orthodoxy, from the foundations of Russian cultural identity. The metaphors considered in the article are graphically highlighted in the text of the “Pyramid.” Graphic accents in phrase metaphors are essential for the reader’s perception of the work. Metamorphic image archetypes of the Way, the Ship, and the Truth highlight the ideological and philosophical depths of Leonov’s last work.
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Medvedev, Nikolay V. "Ludwig Wittgenstein on the Unsurveyability of Grammar and the Way of Its Comprehension." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 470 (2021): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/470/10.
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The aim of the article is to comprehend Wittgenstein's thesis on the unsurveyability of grammar and cognitive capabilities of the method of surveyable representation (ubersichtliche Darstellung) about word use. The cognitive position of the late Wittgenstein regarding the understanding of the essence of language and the pragmatic orientation of his philosophy is clarified. The article includes three main sections. The first section gives an interpretation of Wittgenstein's point of view on grammar as an unsurveyable totality; his arguments in defense of this point of view are reconstructed. It is emphasized that the word “grammar”, according to Wittgenstein, means the established models of people's linguistic behavior rather than a system of abstract grammatical rules. The specificity and functionality of the surveyable representation aimed at understanding the language is analyzed, the strengths and weaknesses of this method are identified. Wittgenstein's arguments of refuting the opinion about the possibility of forming a comprehensive, clear view of our grammar are discussed. Wittgenstein's assertion that “our grammar lacks surveyability” is characterized as an evidence of his rejection of the “picture” conception of language. The second section considers the ontological condition for the existence of grammar as an unsurveyable totality of linguistic elements. From the standpoint of Wittgenstein's philosophy, grammar is characterized by a considerable complexity as an open, unstable system. The features of grammar that prevent the construction of a clear idea of it - complexity, variability, opacity of words used - are revealed. The third section clarifies the actual practice of mastering grammar by human beings. The assumption of the possibility of replacing the unsurveyable ordinary language with an artificial language accessible to surveyability is refuted. It is argued that our ability to use words, to master grammar is achieved not by construction of surveyable representations of the meaning of words and grammatical rules, but through imitation and formed habits, through training and acquired practical skills. It is concluded that people come to understand unsurveyable grammar primarily on the basis of their practical experience, and not through the formation of a surveyable representation about word use. The method of surveyable representation, leading to an understanding of grammatical structures, can serve as a means for standardizing and ordering linguistic practices, for eliminating conceptual confusion, for understanding various forms of social activity, but it does not provide a synoptic vision of grammar, which is an essentially complex system.
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Boehm, Kevin M., Antonio Marra, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Sarat Chandarlapaty, Fresia Pareja, and Sohrab P. Shah. "Abstract 890: Multimodal modeling of digitized histopathology slides improves risk stratification in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-890.
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Abstract In early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, genomic risk scores identify patients who stand to benefit from up-front chemotherapy but introduce financial and logistical hurdles to care. We assembled a cohort of 5,244 patients with 11,671 corresponding whole-side images of breast tumors stained with hematoxylin and eosin. We developed a multimodal machine learning model to infer risk of distal metastatic recurrence from routine clinical data. Specifically, the model interprets text from the pathologist’s report using a large language model and uses self-supervised vision transformers to interpret the corresponding whole-slide image. Tensor fusion joins the modalities to infer Genomic Health’s Oncotype DX recurrence score. Inferred recurrence score from the multimodal model correlated with measured score with a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.64 (95% C.I. 0.59 - 0.69) in the withheld test set, compared to 0.55 (95% C.I. 0.49 - 0.61) and 0.56 (95% C.I. 0.52 - 0.60) for the linguistic and visual unimodal models, respectively. The multimodal model attains an area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.69 (AUROC=0.88) for identifying high-risk disease in the full-information setting (when images and pathology reports with quantitative hormone receptor status and grade are available) in a withheld test set, compared to AUPRC of 0.61 and 0.66 for the linguistic and visual models, respectively. By comparison, in the same full-information setting, the clinical nomogram introduced by Orucevic et al. in 2019 achieves an AUPRC of 0.48. We suggest the operating point at which precision is 94.4% and recall is 33.3%. Digitized whole-slide images of routine breast biopsies and their associated synoptic pathology reports contain much of the information necessary to stratify patients by risk of distal metastatic recurrence, when modeled appropriately. Our model could enable hospitals to rapidly triage the need for genomic risk testing, possibly precluding one third of orders without loss of accuracy. This helps allocate scarce resources for genomic tests and valuable weeks prior to beginning therapy while maintaining the standard of precision oncology. Citation Format: Kevin M. Boehm, Antonio Marra, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Sarat Chandarlapaty, Fresia Pareja, Sohrab P. Shah. Multimodal modeling of digitized histopathology slides improves risk stratification in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 890.
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Busquin, Philippe, Pedro Argüelles, Manfred Bischoff, B. A. C. Droste, SirRichardH Evans, Walter Kröll, Jean-Luc Lagardère, et al. "European aeronautics: a vision for 2020 — a synopsis." Air & Space Europe 3, no. 3-4 (May 2001): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1290-0958(01)90042-5.
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Baskurt, Kemal Batuhan, and Refik Samet. "Video synopsis: A survey." Computer Vision and Image Understanding 181 (April 2019): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2019.02.004.
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McMeans, Joseph. "A Revival of Metaphysics?" Maynooth Philosophical Papers 11 (2022): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/mpp202222519.
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In this article, I seek to review Philip Gonzales’s call for a revitalization of the Catholic analogia entis, both as a fundamental philosophical principle and as a guiding metaphysical vision for the Church today, as explicated in his recent work, Reimagining the Analogia Entis: The Future of Erich Pryzwara’s Christian Vision. I will begin by offering a short synopsis of Erich Przywara’s reappraisal of analogy in relation to the work of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, followed by an exposition of Philip Gonzales’s call for a non-identical repetition of Przywara’s metaphysical vision both in philosophy and the Church at large. In closing, I will seek to offer an evaluation of Gonzales’s proposal from a supportive yet concerned horizon of postmetaphysical mindfulness.
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Lavers, David A., Maria-Helena Ramos, Linus Magnusson, Ilias Pechlivanidis, Bastian Klein, Christel Prudhomme, Louise Arnal, et al. "A Vision for Hydrological Prediction." Atmosphere 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11030237.
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IMproving PRedictions and management of hydrological EXtremes (IMPREX) was a European Union Horizon 2020 project that ran from September 2015 to September 2019. IMPREX aimed to improve society’s ability to anticipate and respond to future extreme hydrological events in Europe across a variety of uses in the water-related sectors (flood forecasting, drought risk assessment, agriculture, navigation, hydropower and water supply utilities). Through the engagement with stakeholders and continuous feedback between model outputs and water applications, progress was achieved in better understanding the way hydrological predictions can be useful to (and operationally incorporated into) problem-solving in the water sector. The work and discussions carried out during the project nurtured further reflections toward a common vision for hydrological prediction. In this article, we summarized the main findings of the IMPREX project within a broader overview of hydrological prediction, providing a vision for improving such predictions. In so doing, we first presented a synopsis of hydrological and weather forecasting, with a focus on medium-range to seasonal scales of prediction for increased preparedness. Second, the lessons learned from IMPREX were discussed. The key findings were the gaps highlighted in the global observing system of the hydrological cycle, the degree of accuracy of hydrological models and the techniques of post-processing to correct biases, the origin of seasonal hydrological skill in Europe and user requirements of hydrometeorological forecasts to ensure their appropriate use in decision-making models and practices. Last, a vision for how to improve these forecast systems/products in the future was expounded, including advancing numerical weather and hydrological models, improved earth monitoring and more frequent interaction between forecasters and users to tailor the forecasts to applications. We conclude that if these improvements can be implemented in the coming years, earth system and hydrological modelling will become more skillful, thus leading to socioeconomic benefits for the citizens of Europe and beyond.
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Mitiche, Amar, and JK Aggarwal. "Image segmentation by conventional and information-integrating techniques: a synopsis." Image and Vision Computing 3, no. 2 (May 1985): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0262-8856(85)90013-7.
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Sheka, Elena F. "A Neoteric View of sp2 Amorphous Carbon." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies. 15, no. 3 (September 28, 2023): 263–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2023.15.263.
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Presented is a concentrated synopsis of facilities of empirical and virtual analytics that, once applied, have provided a fully new vision of sp2 amorphous carbons. This study proved that the solids are multilevel structures, started with the first-level basic structural units (BSUs) and accomplished as macroscopic agglomerates of globular structures, consisting, in its turn, of stacked BSUs. BSUs present necklaced graphene molecules, size, and shape of which are governed by the relevant graphene domains while chemical composition in addition to basic carbon is controlled with heteroatoms of the necklaces. This study shows that BSUs and stacks of BSUs determine the short-range order of the solids and are the main subject of the applied analytics. The synopsis consists of two parts related to empirical and virtual analytics. The former is composed of sections related to structural determination, total and atomic chemical content evaluation and elicitation of the covalent bond composition. The second presents new analytic approaches based on the Digital Twins concept and virtual vibrational spectrometry. The synopsis is configured as an atlas composed of generalized pictures accompanied with necessary explanations to be discussed in detail in the extended references.
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Sheka, Elena F. "A Neoteric View of sp2 Amorphous Carbon." Nanomaterials 13, no. 10 (May 15, 2023): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13101648.
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Presented is a concentrated synopsis of facilities of empirical and virtual analytics that, once applied, have provided a fully new vision of sp2 amorphous carbons. This study proved that the solids are multilevel structures, started with the first-level basic structural units (BSUs) and accomplished as macroscopic agglomerates of globular structures, consisting, in its turn, of stacked BSUs. BSUs present necklaced graphene molecules, size, and shape of which are governed by the relevant graphene domains while chemical composition in addition to basic carbon is controlled with heteroatoms of the necklaces. This study shows that BSUs and stacks of BSUs determine the short-range order of the solids and are the main subject of the applied analytics. The synopsis consists of two parts related to empirical and virtual analytics. The former is composed of sections related to structural determination, total and atomic chemical content evaluation and elicitation of the covalent bond composition. The second presents new analytic approaches based on the Digital Twins concept and virtual vibrational spectrometry. The synopsis is configured as an atlas composed of generalized pictures accompanied with necessary explanations to be discussed in detail in the extended references.
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Wise, Chris. "Regenerative education in practice." Structural Engineer 101, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/iqjl5211.
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This article on 'regenerative engineering' looks at the requirements for engineers and highlights the educational change needed for the industry to put this into practice. Synopsis In this article, Chris Wise explores the concept of 'regenerative engineering' as a design approach that seeks to enable the flourishing of all life for all time, setting out his vision of the shifts in skillsets, values and thought processes that will be required of engineers, and examining the educational change needed to underpin this.
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Kocak, Donna M., and Frank M. Caimi. "The Current Art of Underwater Imaging – With a Glimpse of the Past and Vision of the Future." Marine Technology Society Journal 39, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533205787442576.
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This State of Technology Report on Underwater Imaging provides a historical synopsis of underwater imaging, discusses current state of the art, and suggests future possibilities for continued advancement of the field. The history presented herein provides information assembled in a manner not found in previous reviews. Present work is grouped according to imaging methodology wherein foremost research and technical innovations of the field are highlighted, with a focus on the past five years. Trends in research and development are also discussed as they relate to emerging underwater imaging techniques and technologies.