Academic literature on the topic 'Synoptic weather station'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Synoptic weather station.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Synoptic weather station"
1
Tajbakhsh, S., P. Ghafarian, and F. Sahraian. "Instability indices and forecasting thunderstorms: the case of 30 April 2009." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 17, 2012): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-403-2012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. In this paper, one meteorological case study for two Iranian airports are presented. Attempts have been made to study the predefined threshold amounts of some instability indices such as vertical velocity and relative humidity. Two important output variables from a numerical weather prediction model have been used to survey thunderstorms. The climatological state of thunder days in Iran has been determined to aid in choosing the airports for the case studies. The synoptic pattern, atmospheric thermodynamics and output from a numerical weather prediction model have been studied to evaluate the occurrence of storms and to verify the threshold instability indices that are based on Gordon and Albert (2000) and Miller (1972). Using data from the Statistics and Data Center of the Iran Meteorological Organization, 195 synoptic stations were used to study the climatological pattern of thunderstorm days in Iran during a 15-yr period (1991–2005). Synoptic weather maps and thermodynamic diagrams have been drawn using data from synoptic stations and radiosonde data. A 15-km resolution version of the WRF numerical model has been implemented for the Middle East region with the assistance of global data from University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). The Tabriz airport weather station has been selected for further study due to its high frequency of thunderstorms (more than 35 thunderstorm days per year) and the existence of an upper air station. Despite the fact that storms occur less often at the Tehran weather station, the station has been chosen as the second case study site due to its large amount of air traffic. Using these two case studies (Tehran at 00:00 UTC, 31 April 2009 and Tabriz at 12:00 UTC, 31 April 2009), the results of this research show that the threshold amounts of 30 °C for KI, −2 °C for LI and −3 °C for SI suggests the occurrence and non-occurrence of thunderstorms at the Tehran and Tabriz stations, respectively. The WRF model output of vertical velocity and relative humidity are the two most important indices for examining storm occurrence, and they have a numerical threshold of 1 m s−1 and 80%, respectively. These results are comparable to other studies that have examined thunderstorm occurrence.
2
Szegedi, S., I. Lázár, and T. Tóth. "Relationships between macrosynoptic weather types and development of the thermal excess in suburban areas in Debrecen, Hungary." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/irase.5.2014.2.9.
Full textAbstract:
Impacts of macrosynoptic weather patterns on the development of the thermal excess in suburban areas of Debrecen are examined in this paper. Temperature datasets have been recorded at two heights by three automatic weather stations mounted in Debrecen (east Hungary) and a small settlement in its vicinity. An additional automatic weather station is used as a reference station outside Debrecen. Urban heat island (UHI) intensities have been calculated from the raw datasets. Impacts of synoptic conditions have been analyzed on the base of Péczely’s macrosynoptic types. It has been found that anticyclone types are more favorable from the aspect of UHI development, while cyclone types, especially the passage of warm fronts can effectively hinder the formation of strong heat islands in Debrecen.
3
Xia, Zhengyu, Nicolás Butorovic, and Zicheng Yu. "The Influence of Synoptic Weather Types and Moisture Transport Pathways on Precipitation Isotopes in Southern Patagonia." Atmosphere 11, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050514.
Full textAbstract:
We analyzed 28-year-long monthly oxygen isotope composition of precipitation (δ18Op) data from Punta Arenas (Chile) on the leeward side of the Andes to understand how different synoptic weather types and moisture transport pathways influence δ18Op variability in this region. Combining weather station 6 h precipitation data and atmospheric back trajectories, we found that in such a region where the atmospheric circulation pattern is dominated by very strong westerlies, an increased monthly proportion of easterly-delivered precipitation—with the air-mass trajectory path evading the influence of Andean “isotopic rain shadow” and having less rainout en route—would increase δ18Op. These synoptic easterlies are a result of quasi-stationary blocking-like flow that are an important but underappreciated part of regional circulation patterns and climate. In addition, synoptic easterlies are more often associated with heavy precipitation events as shown by weather station data and higher deuterium excess that indicates weaker post-condensation raindrop re-evaporation. Therefore, our analysis demonstrated the process link between the frequency of synoptic weather types characterized by blocking-like flow and temporal variations in δ18Op in Southern Patagonia. We conclude that isotope proxy paleo-records in this region could provide unique insights into the behaviors and dynamics of the large-scale Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds over long timescales.
4
Gabała, Jarosław. "State Higher Vocational School Weather Station in Tarnów." Science, Technology and Innovation 1, no. 1 (December 27, 2017): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7618.
Full textAbstract:
In 2015 the State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów (PWSZ), under the Norwegian Project implemented in the Department of Environmental Protection, purchased and set in motion semi-professional automatic weather station DAVIS Vantage Pro2. The station measures basic meteorological elements e.g. air temperature, wind speed and direction or solar radiation. The logged data are intended for teaching at the School, including the specialization of environmental protection. Comparison of the data acquired at the PWSZ station and at the synoptic station of Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW) allowed the evaluation of the correlation of the measurement series of both stations. Furthermore it allowed for the initial analysis of the urban heat island (MWC) as one of the aspects of the local climate. There are confirmed typical thermal marks of the urban heat island during favourable weather conditions with radiation cooling at night. Especially during cloudless and windless radiation night, the air cools down more at the rural areas, and this favours the occurrence of the urban heat island phenomenon. The urban – rural thermal contrasts are then the greatest, up to 3 °C. In the daytime difference between the centre and the outskirts of the city is quite small (under 1 °C), so generally the urban heat island doesn’t occur during the day.
5
Bari, Driss, Thierry Bergot, and Mohamed El Khlifi. "Local Meteorological and Large-Scale Weather Characteristics of Fog over the Grand Casablanca Region, Morocco." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55, no. 8 (August 2016): 1731–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0314.1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractUsing a fog event approach, the local meteorological and synoptic characteristics of fogs that formed over the Grand Casablanca (GCB) region during a 9-yr period (2001–09) are investigated. A climatological study of fog, with emphasis on the fog temporal variability and spatial distribution, is carried out on the basis of hourly surface meteorological observations at two synoptic stations in the region. The fog events are classified into fog types, using an objective classification algorithm, and are characterized by their duration, intensity, and times of onset and dissipation. In addition, fog events are classified into two distinct categories (isolated and widespread) on the basis of their spatial extent. K-means cluster analysis is applied to the patterns of mean sea level pressure in ERA-Interim reanalyses at 0000 UTC to determine the synoptic circulation types associated with fog occurrence in the GCB region. Results show that the fog frequency at the inland suburban station is more recurrent than at the coastal urban station. The fog events are predominantly of the advection–radiation type, with a marked tendency of nighttime occurrence during the winter. The spatial distribution analysis points out the localized character of fog and reveals the possibility of different fog types occurring when fog is present near the two stations simultaneously. Furthermore, the interaction between local- and large-scale mechanisms suggests that advective processes associated with sea-breeze circulation during daytime, followed by radiative processes early in the night, often lead to fog formation over the GCB region.
6
Nigro, Melissa A., John J. Cassano, and Mark W. Seefeldt. "A Weather-Pattern-Based Approach to Evaluate the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) Forecasts: Comparison to Automatic Weather Station Observations." Weather and Forecasting 26, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010waf2222444.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Typical model evaluation strategies evaluate models over large periods of time (months, seasons, years, etc.) or for single case studies such as severe storms or other events of interest. The weather-pattern-based model evaluation technique described in this paper uses self-organizing maps to create a synoptic climatology of the weather patterns present over a region of interest, the Ross Ice Shelf for this analysis. Using the synoptic climatology, the performance of the model, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model run within the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System, is evaluated for each of the objectively identified weather patterns. The evaluation process involves classifying each model forecast as matching one of the weather patterns from the climatology. Subsequently, statistics such as model bias, root-mean-square error, and correlation are calculated for each weather pattern. This allows for the determination of model errors as a function of weather pattern and can highlight if certain errors occur under some weather regimes and not others. The results presented in this paper highlight the potential benefits of this new weather-pattern-based model evaluation technique.
7
Chen, Biyan, Wujiao Dai, Zhizhao Liu, Lixin Wu, Cuilin Kuang, and Minsi Ao. "Constructing a precipitable water vapor map from regional GNSS network observations without collocated meteorological data for weather forecasting." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 9 (September 11, 2018): 5153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5153-2018.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Surface pressure (Ps) and weighted mean temperature (Tm) are two necessary variables for the accurate retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV) from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) zenith total delay (ZTD) estimates. The lack of Ps or Tm information is a concern for those GNSS sites that are not collocated with meteorological sensors. This paper investigates an alternative method of inferring accurate Ps and Tm at the GNSS station using nearby synoptic observations. Ps and Tm obtained at the nearby synoptic sites are interpolated onto the location of the GNSS station by performing both vertical and horizontal adjustments, in which the parameters involved in Ps and Tm calculation are estimated from ERA-Interim reanalysis profiles. In addition, we present a method of constructing high-quality PWV maps through vertical reduction and horizontal interpolation of the retrieved GNSS PWVs. To evaluate the performances of the Ps and Tm retrieval, and the PWV map construction, GNSS data collected from 58 stations of the Hunan GNSS network and synoptic observations from 20 nearby sites in 2015 were processed to extract the PWV so as to subsequently generate the PWV maps. The retrieved Ps and Tm and constructed PWV maps were assessed by the results derived from radiosonde and the ERA-Interim reanalysis. The results show that (1) accuracies of Ps and Tm derived by synoptic interpolation are within the range of 1.7–3.0 hPa and 2.5–3.0 K, respectively, which are much better than the GPT2w model; (2) the constructed PWV maps have good agreements with radiosonde and ERA-Interim reanalysis data with the overall accuracy being better than 3 mm; and (3) PWV maps can well reveal the moisture advection, transportation and convergence during heavy rainfall.
8
Láska, Kamil, Zuzana Chládová, Klára Ambrožová, and Jan Husák. "Cloudiness and weather variation in central Svalbard in July 2013 as related to atmospheric circulation." Czech Polar Reports 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2013-2-19.
Full textAbstract:
The paper describes synoptic situations and associated weather conditions in the central part of the Svalbard Arctic archipelago (Petuniabukta, Billefjorden) during two weeks of the summer 2013. The circulation types in July 2013 were compared with the long-term average circulation pattern in the period 1961–2010. Cloudiness and weather conditions in different atmospheric circulation types were described. Atmospheric pressure, 2-m air temperature, precipitation, 6-m wind speed and wind direction data from an automatic weather station located on the coastal glacier-free zone of Petuniabukta were used for further analysis. From July 5 to 19, 2013, radiation and advection weather types, heavy precipitation, rapid change of wind speed, 2-m air temperature and high cloudiness variation were described in detail within of the five most frequent synoptic situations. Foehn and halo phenomena were also reported in the study period.
9
Liu, Yihui, Fei Li, and Weifeng Hao. "Evaluation of Seasonal and Synoptic Changes in Snow Accumulation in Antarctica between Five Reanalyses Products and In Situ Observations." Atmosphere 9, no. 12 (December 3, 2018): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9120473.
Full textAbstract:
The performance of recent reanalysis products (i.e., ERA-Interim, NCEP2, MERRA, CFSR, and JRA-55) was evaluated based on in situ observations from nine automatic weather stations and one stake network to investigate the monthly and seasonal variability of the surface mass balance in Antarctica. Synoptic precipitation simulations were also evaluated by an investigation of high precipitation events. The seasonal variations showed large fluctuations and were inconsistent at each station, probably owing to the large interannual variability of snow accumulation based on the short temporal coverage of the data. The ERA-Interim and JRA-55 datasets revealed better simulated precision, with the other three models presenting similar simulations at monthly and seasonal timescales. The JRA-55 dataset captured a greater number of synoptic high precipitation events at four of the nine stations. Such events at the other five stations were mainly captured by ERA and CFSR. The NCEP2 dataset was more weakly correlated with each station on all timescales. These results indicate that significant monthly or seasonal correlations between in situ observations and the models had little effect on the capability of the reanalyses to capture high precipitation events. The precision of the five reanalysis datasets widely fluctuated in specific regions or at specific stations at different timescales. Great caution is needed when using a single reanalysis dataset to assess the surface mass balance over all of Antarctica.
10
Pereira, S. C., A. C. Carvalho, J. Ferreira, J. P. Nunes, J. J. Keizer, and A. Rocha. "Simulation of a persistent medium-term precipitation event over the western Iberian Peninsula." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 10 (October 2, 2013): 3741–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3741-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. This study evaluated the performance of the WRF-ARW (Weather Research and Forecasting with Advanced Research) weather prediction model in simulating the spatial and temporal patterns of an extreme rainfall period over a complex orographic region in north-central Portugal. The analysis was performed during the rainy season and, more specifically, the month of December 2009. In this period, the region of interest was under the influence of a sequential passage of low-pressure systems associated with frontal surfaces. These synoptic weather patterns were responsible for long periods of rainfall, resulting in a high monthly precipitation. The WRF model results during the study period were furthermore evaluated with the specific objective to complement gaps in the precipitation recordings of a reference meteorological station (located in Pousadas), the data of which are fundamental for hydrological studies in nearby experimental catchments. Three distinct WRF model runs were forced with initial fields and boundary conditions obtained from a global domain model: (1) a reference experiment with no nudging (RunRef); (2) observational nudging for a specific location, i.e. the above-mentioned Pousadas reference station (RunObsN); and (3) nudging to the analysed field (RunGridN). Model performance was evaluated, using several statistical parameters, against a dataset of 27 rainfall stations that were grouped by elevation. The three model runs had similar performances, even though RunGridN resulted in a slight improvement. Regarding the other two experiments, this improvement justifies its use for complementing the surface measurements at the Pousadas reference station. Overall model accuracy, expressed in root mean square error (RMSE), of the three runs was comparable for the stations of the different elevations classes. Even so, it was slightly better for stations in the lowlands than the highlands. Furthermore, model predictions tended to be less accurate for stations located in rough terrain and deep valleys.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Synoptic weather station"
1
Pyykkö, Joakim. "Improving Short-Range Cloud Forecasts in Harmonie-Arome Through Cloud Initialization Using Mesan Cloud Data." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-380151.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies, such as van der Veen (2012) and White et al. (2017), have demonstrated the potential of using measurement-based cloud data to improve Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) based cloud forecasts. This can be done through cloud initialization; a process of injecting cloud data after the regular data assimilation in an NWP model. The purpose of this study was to use cloud data from the Mesoscale Analysis system MESAN to investigate cloud initialization in the HARMONIE-AROME model system for improving short-range cloud forecasts. The cloud initialization method that was used was similar to a method used by van der Veen (2012), where specific humidities, temperatures, and hydrometeor concentrations were altered using information on cloud fractions, cloud base heights and cloud top heights. MESAN input data analyses as well as cloud initialization investigations were carried out. MESAN input data analyses revealed significant differences in cloud fractions between MESAN and the background model field in MESAN. Overestimations of cloud fractions in MESAN over sea were caused by satellite data, particularly due to the inclusion of the fractional cloud category. Underestimations of cloud fractions over land were caused by limitations of the synoptic weather (SYNOP) stations in measuring clouds. Furthermore, larger differences between MESAN and SYNOP were found over Sweden and Finland compared to Norway, which may be tied to Norway having mostly manual SYNOP stations, and Sweden and Finland having mostly automatic stations. Shortcomings were found in the investigated cloud initialization method. Such shortcomings involved a limit check on the specific humidity change, the cloud initialization being repeated for an unnecessarily large amount of iterations, and the use of a sub-optimal profile of critical relative humidity. Using a one-dimensional vertical column version of HARMONIE-AROME, named MUSC, to integrate forward in time revealed a large sensitivity to the use of forcing profiles and forcing time scales in MUSC. Alterations made through cloud initialization were found to last over 12 h, with varying effects depending on the investigated height. A reasonably good agreement between MUSC results and results from the three-dimensional version of HARMONIE-AROME was found. Findings in this thesis point at potential to further enhance the HARMONIE-AROME cloud initialization technique. These enhancements concern a revised MESAN cloud product and taking care of some flaws in the cloud initialization method.I en operationell vädermodell inkluderas olika mätdata, såsom temperatur och atmosfärstryck, i ett regelbundet intervall. Molnighet är inte vanligtvis en del av dessa cykler; istället bildas molnen av modellen utifrån balanser i de andra fysikaliska fälten. Detta projekt gick ut på att direkt införa molnmätningar från väderanalyssystemet MESAN i vädermodellsystemet HARMONIE-AROME genom en metod som kallas molninitialisering. Specifikt förbättringar för korttidsprognoser var av i ntresse. MESAN är ett system vars produkter är en sammanslagning av ett bakgrundsfält från en vädermodellkörning med olika mätdata. I MESAN kommer molndata från tre källor: bakgrundsfältet, satellitdata och synoptisk väderstationsdata (SYNOP-data). Undersökningar av indata till MESAN samt molninitialiseringsmetoden har utförts. Analyser av indata till MESAN visade på överskattningar av moln i satellitdata över hav och underskattningar av moln i SYNOP-data över land. För satellitdatat berodde detta på medtagande av moln på liten skala eller väldigt tunna moln, medan det för SYNOP berodde på begränsningar i mätmetoderna. Det fanns även en skillnad i kvalitet i SYNOP-data i Sverige och Finland gentemot Norge, vilket kan bero på att de flesta mätstationer i Norge är manuella medan de flesta i Sverige och Finland är automatiska. Molninitialiseringsmetoden bestod i att extrahera data om molnbashöjd och molntopphöjd från MESAN, och sedan modifiera fuktighet, temperatur och hydrometeorer (såsom molndroppar och iskristaller) i HARMONIE-AROME utifrån molnens position. Brister i metoden hittades. Initialiseringsprocessen upprepades ett suboptimalt antal gånger. En begränsning i hur mycket fuktigheten tillåts modifieras förändras under initialiseringsprocessen och fungerade inte som avsett. Dessutom, jämförese med radiosonddata pekar på att relativa fuktighetsgränserna för villket moln bildas inledningsvis inte ansattes korrekt. Effekterna av metoden kunde vara i över 12 timmar, men denna studie pekar på ytterligare troliga förbättringsmöjligheter i HARMONIE-AROME genom införande av reviderad version av metoden samt förbättrade satellitprodukter.
2
Courtin, Eric. "Snowfall event analysis at a remote northern alpine icefield." Thesis, 2018. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9418.
Full textAbstract:
Data are presented from an automatic weather station on the Brintnell-Bologna Icefield that operated from August 2014 to August 2016 in Nahanni National Park Reserve. This location is notable for being the northernmost mass balance alpine study location of the federal government’s glaciology program (NRCan/GSC). The link between atmospheric forcing at the synoptic scale and response at the glacier surface has been shown to be strongly dependent on continentality and latitude. In this region, however, many aspects of the physical processes controlling the interaction between atmospheric forcing and snowpack response are virtually unknown, especially at the daily to hourly timescale.
The character of snowfalls during the accumulation seasons for this icefield are investigated using high resolution time series from two acoustic snow depth sensors and other relevant meteorological parameters. It is found that the most drastic changes in snow depth occur from infrequent large snowfalls. Using an adaption of an Environment Canada snow depth algorithm, snowfall events are identified and their timing is quantified based on a system of thresholds, running averages and ratios between the snow depth sensors. Synoptic conditions are examined using meteorological reanalysis data and trajectory analysis to determine the moisture origin and pathway.Graduate
Book chapters on the topic "Synoptic weather station"
1
Whiteman, C. David. "Weather Maps, Forecasts, and Data." In Mountain Meteorology. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195132717.003.0016.
Full textAbstract:
Weather maps prepared by the National Weather Service summarize and synthesize weather data to provide a comprehensive picture of weather conditions at a given time. They are the basis of weather maps used on television to show precipitation, high and low pressure centers, and fronts. Weather maps are produced using both surface data and data from specified pressure levels. Data are plotted and contoured by computer, and analysts use satellite photos, satellite video loops, weather forecast models, and extrapolations from previous frontal and pressure system analyses to locate fronts and pressure centers. An example of a surface weather chart is presented in figure 9.1. A 500-mb chart for the same date and time was presented in figure 5.1. Symbols are used on weather maps to indicate synoptic-scale features. High and low pressure weather systems (highs and lows) are indicated by the letters H and L, with isobars labeled in millibars. Lines indicating frontal positions (section 6.2) represent the position on the ground of boundaries between air masses. Additional meteorological variables, such as temperature, are often analyzed on the same map using dashed or colored lines. Pressure, temperature, and other data from the reporting stations are plotted in coded form at the station locations. A station model specifies the positions in which different types of data are plotted relative to the station location. Figure 9.1 used an abbreviated station model. A complete station model is shown in figure 9.2. Figures 9.3 — 9.7 show additional symbols used in station models to indicate total sky cover, winds, pressure tendency, cloud types, and present weather types, respectively. A surface weather chart, with the symbols indicating fronts and high and low pressure centers and the information included in the station model, provides a snapshot of synoptic-scale conditions at ground level. By overlaying charts for several pressure levels (section 5.1.3), changes with altitude can be identified and the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere at a given point in time can be visualized. By comparing consecutive charts, the rate of movement of fronts and the rates of development of high and low pressure centers can be determined.
2
Lovejoy, Shaun. "The weather: Nothing but turbulence . . . and don’t mind the gap." In Weather, Macroweather, and the Climate. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864217.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
“This afternoon, the sky will start to clear, with cloud shreds, runners, and thin bars followed by flocks.” If Jean- Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) had had his way, this might have been an uplifting early- morning weather forecast announcing the coming of a sunny day. Unfortunately for poetry, in 1803, several months after Lamarck proposed this first cloud classification, the “namer of clouds,” Luke Howard (1772–1864), introduced his own staid Latin nomenclature that is still with us today and includes terms such as “cumulus,” “stratus,” and “cirrus.” Howard not only had a more scientific-sounding jargon, but was soon given publicity in the form of a poem by Goethe; Lamarck’s names didn’t stand a chance. For a long time, human- scale observation of clouds was the primary source of scientific knowledge of atmospheric morphologies and dynamics. This didn’t change until the appearance of the first weather maps based on meager collections of ground station measurements around 1850. This was the beginning of the field of “synoptic” (literally “map- scale”) meteorology. Under the leadership of Wilhelm Bjerknes (1862–1951), it spawned the Norwegian school of meteorology that focused notably on airmasses, the often sharp gradients between them called “fronts,” and the stability of the airmass interfaces. This was the dominant view when, in the mid 1920s, Richardson proposed his scaling 4/ 3 diffusion law. The spatial resolution of these “synoptic- scale” maps was so low that features smaller than 1,000 kilometers or so could not be discerned. Between these and the kilometric human “microscales,” virtually nothing was known. Richardson’s claim that a single scaling law might hold from thousands of kilometers down to millimeters didn’t seem so daring. Not only was it compatible with the scale- free equations that he had elaborated, but also there were no scalebound paradigms to contradict it. By the late 1940s and ʼ50s, the development of radar finally opened a window onto the intermediate range.
Conference papers on the topic "Synoptic weather station"
1
Sugiarto, Sastra Kusuma Wijaya, and Syamsu Rosid. "Development of Synoptic Automatic Weather Station Based on Internet of Thing at the Kemayoran Meteorological Station." In 2019 International Conference on Sustainable Engineering and Creative Computing (ICSECC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsecc.2019.8907161.
Full text
2
SZATMARI, Alexandru Cristian, Traian TUDOSE, and Csaba HORVATH. "Synoptic and Mesoscale Conditions Generating High Amounts of Precipitation in June 2020, In Romania." In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2021 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2021_05.
Full textAbstract:
The first part of the study analyzes the precipitations recorded in June over the 1961-2020 period for 22 climatological weather stations over different regions of Romania in order to determine if precipitations in June 2020 were higher than those recorded before 2020. For this, 5 precipitation indices have been used: number of heavy and very heavy precipitation days, 24-, 48- and 72-hours precipitation amounts. The second part is dedicated to precipitations recorded in June 2020, registered at 157 weather stations from Romania, divided in historical regions; it analyzes the number of heavy and very heavy precipitation days, synoptic and mesoscale conditions from different periods of time using the specific methods of investigation (charts of sea level pressure, geopotential height, temperature and humidity, atmospheric soundings, different stability indices, vertical wind shear, infrared and visible satellite images and radar images of convective storms). The main findings are: precipitations recorded in June 2020 at 22 climatological weather stations did not exceed the absolute maximum precipitation recorded between 1961-2019, and precipitations recorded in 24, 48 and 72 hours were higher only at 2 or 3 weather stations; the number of heavy and very heavy precipitation days recorded in June 2020 were higher in the Carpathians, the North and Center, and the West regions of Romania; synoptic conditions were determined by low values of atmospheric pressure at the surface and/or by the atmospheric depressions, while in the middle troposphere, an atmospheric trough or a cut-off low was present; mesoscale conditions presented low or medium values of Convective Available Potential Energy, negative values of Lifted Index, and weak or medium wind shear in the 0-3 km layer.
3
Golaszewski, Pawel, Pawel Wielgosz, and Katarzyna Stepniak. "Intercomparison and Validation of GNSS-IWV Derived with G-Nut and Bernese Software." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.193.
Full textAbstract:
GNSS is an important source of meteorological data. GNSS measurements can provide tropospheric Zenith Wet Delays (ZWD) over wide area covered with permanent stations. In addition, when using surface synoptical data, GNSS can provide Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) which is very valuable information utilized in weather forecasts and severe weather monitoring. Hence, there is a need to test and validate various algorithms and software used for ZWD estimation. In this research, the accuracy of the ZWD estimates was tested using two different software packages: Bernese GNSS Software v.5.2 and G-Nut/Tefnut. In addition, their computational load was evaluated. The GNSS data were obtained from POTS permanent station, which is located in Potsdam, Germany. To validate the estimation results, the derived ZWD was transformed into the IWV, and afterwards compared to the reference IWV measured by the collocated Microwave Radiometer. In addition, the ZWD estimates were also compared to the EUREF final solution.
4
GIURGIU, Diana-Alexandra, Andreea-Violeta TUDORACHE, and Adrian MIREA. "A Blizzard Episode in Oltenia (S-W Romania)." In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2021 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2021_02.
Full textAbstract:
Blizzard phenomena is a complex atmospheric event, in which the snow that falls or has fallen is blown away by the wind, so that the visibility decrease significant enough and the assessment of the simultaneous snow fall is impossible (Țîșlea, D. et al. 1965). The region of Oltenia is featured by a climate with Mediterranean influences, with the dominance of northwest and east winds (Roșu, Al. Et al. 1971). The contact between the cold and the warm air masses leads to the increase of the horizontal baric gradient, which causes strong wind intensification. Due to the geographical position of the Carpathian chain, the penetration of colder and denser air is directed towards the east and the south of Romania, thereby has an impact on the study area (***Climate of Romania 2008). Out of all the natural phenomena during the cold season, blizzard is by far the most versatile, with a heavily impact on society and environment (Teodoreanu 2004). The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the hydro meteorological outcome of the 2018 blizzard episode from February 24#$ to March 2%&. In order to achieve this, we will identify the spatial and temporal variability of the hazard in the region of Oltenia, the atmospheric mechanism of this late blizzard occurrence, its climatic characteristics and the consequences on the rivers runoff regime. We will analyze the synoptic conditions under which the blizzard appeared, the recorded meteorological data and a series of hydrological data from the stations located on the main rivers (Jiu, Olt and Danube) in order to determine the synoptic weather pattern, the successive number of days with blizzard, the dominant direction and the average and maximum wind speed, the average and maximum amount of precipitation, as well as for the thickness of snow layer and the daily liquid levels and flows.
5
ILIE, Nicolae, Liviu APOSTOL, Aurel-Dănuț AXINTE, Andreea BETERINGHE, and Andreea BETERINGHE. "Application of the ‘Hess-Brezowsky’ Classification to the Identification of Extreme Precipitations in Northern Part of Moldova." In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2021 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2021_03.
Full textAbstract:
Due to climate change, important attention was paid to the precipitations amounts over Moldavia's northern part. To point out the rainy air-circulation types was used the ‘Hess-Brezowsy’ Grosswetterlagen system (HBGWL) with 29 types of classifying European synoptic regimes of the 2000 to 2018 period at the reference weather stations of Bacău (184 m), Botoșani (161 m), Ceahlău-Toaca (1897 m), Iași (102 m), and Suceava (350 m). The highest amounts of precipitations annually from 2000 to 2018 in Romania's northeastern part were associated with the retrogressive cyclones. Therefore, on a background of the northeastern, cyclonic type (NEZ), there were recorded 53.45 mm, followed by High Scandinavia-Iceland, the ridge over Central Europe (HNFA), with 48.14 mm, and those from East in cyclonic type, with 44.03 mm. All the high over Central Europe (HM) weather types were associated with the lowest precipitations, only 1.71 mm. Also, small amounts of precipitations in the southwestern and south background, both of them into an anti-cyclonic type (SWA, SA), with 2.56 mm, respectively, 2.92 mm. Semestrial, the most important amounts of precipitations in the northeastern part of Romania were attributed to the retrogressive cyclones in the Eastern part of Romania and the ridges over the northern part of Europe. So, associated with EZ, during the 2000 to 2018 period, in the cold semester were recorded 28.43 mm and 27.66 mm within NEZ. During the warm semester, the highest amounts of precipitations were recorded within the HNFA type, with 42.75 mm, followed by Highs over the British Isles (HB) – 25.44 mm. The lowest values were associated with the southerly and southwesterly, both into an anti-cyclonic type (SA, SWA).
6
Koracin, Darko, Richard L. Reinhardt, Marshall B. Liddle, Travis McCord, Domagoj Podnar, and Timothy B. Minor. "Assessment of Wind Energy for Nevada Using Towers and Mesoscale Modeling." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36198.
Full textAbstract:
The main objectives of the study were to support wind energy assessment for all of Nevada by providing two annual cycles of high-resolution mesoscale modeling evaluated by data from surface stations and towers, estimating differences between these annual cycles and standard wind maps, and providing wind and wind power density statistics at elevations relevant to turbine operations. In addition to the 65 existing Remote Automated Weather Stations in Nevada, four 50-m-tall meteorological towers were deployed in western Nevada to capture long-term wind characteristics and provide database input to verify and improve modeling results. The modeling methodology using Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) was developed to provide wind and wind power density estimates representing mesoscale effects that include actual synoptic forcing during the two annual cycles (horizontal resolution on the order of 2 and 3 km). The results from the two annual simulation cycles show similar wind statistics with an average difference of less than 100 W/m2. The available TrueWind results for the wind power density at 50 m show greater values of wind power density compared to both MM5-simulated annual cycles for most of the area. However, mainly in the Sierras and the mountainous regions of southern and eastern Nevada, the MM5 simulations indicate greater values for wind power density. The results of this study suggest that the synthesis of the data from a network of tower observations and high-resolution mesoscale modeling is a crucial tool for assessing the wind power density in Nevada and, more generally, other topographically developed areas.