Academic literature on the topic 'Synsystematics'

Abstract The ecology and phytosociology of north-western Dinaric heaths of the association Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum alpinae Horvat ex Horvat et al. 1974 nom. corr. prop. as well as the syndynamics and synsystematics of heaths in the Dinaric Alps are discussed. While the structure (physiognomy) of these stands is very homogenous and dominated by few species, the flora is heterogeneous, since ecotonal areas, where heaths are most frequently developed, represent a contact zone of elements of different syntaxa. Due to an abrupt reduction in pasture activities strong encroachments of shrubs and trees have become common, which additionally contribute to the floristic heterogeneity of the heaths. Although the identification and circumscription together with synecology and synchorology of heaths in general are more or less easily understood and straightforward, their floristic affinities, in relation to structure homogeneity and syndynamics, are complicated, which led to the proposal of several synsystematic schemes depending on interpretation of the relationship between flora and structure of stands. Dinaric heaths are classified into three classes, Erico-Pinetea, Vaccinio-Piceetea and Festuco-Brometea and a classification scheme is proposed together with nomenclatorial revision of the analyzed heaths with dwarf ericaceous shrubs and Alpine juniper (Juniperus alpina) in the Dinaric Alps

We studied the sites of Lomelosia graminifolia on its newly discovered, northeasternmost locality in the Alps, at the Sravnik ravine in the Trenta Valley. Individual specimens or smaller groups grow in the ravine itself or on the sunny slopes nearby at 520 to 810 m a.s.l. on gravelly and rocky sites with shallow initial soils. The communities in which it occurs can be classified into two associations. The stands on scree slopes were classified into the association Stipetum calamagrostis. The stands on gravelly grasslands were compared with similar, previously described communities in the Southern and Southeastern Alps. In view of obvious floristic and ecological differences between them we described a new association – Aquilegio einseleanae-Caricetum mucronatae. Key words: phytosociology, synsystematics, Lomelosia graminifolia, Stipetum calamagrostis, Julian Alps, Triglav National Park, Slovenia Izvleček Preučili smo rastišča vrste Lomelosia graminifolia na njenem novo odkritem najbolj severovzhodnem nahajališču v Alpah, v grapi Sravnik v dolini Trente. Tam posamezni primerki ali manjše skupine rastejo v sami grapi ali na prisojnih pobočjih ob njej na nadmorski višini od 520 m do 810 m na gruščnatih in skalnatih rastiščih s plitvimi inicialnimi tlemi. Združbe, v katerih uspeva, lahko uvrstimo v dve asociaciji. Sestoje na meliščih smo uvrstili v asociacijo Stipetum calamagrostis. Sestoje na gruščnatih traviščih smo primerjali s podobnimi že opisanimi združbami v Južnih in Jugovzhodnih Alpah in na podlagi očitnih florističnih in ekoloških razlik med njimi opisali novo asociacijo Aquilegio einseleanae-Caricetum mucronatae. Ključne besede: fitocenologija, sinsistematika, Lomelosia graminifolia, Stipetum calamagrostis, Julijske Alpe, Triglavski narodni park, Slovenija

In Slovenian Istria we conducted a phytosociological analysis of forest stands with dominating Castanea sativa in the tree layer. These forest stands are situated in the vicinity of the village of Puče (between Šmarje and Koštabona) in the Drnica river basin, in the catchment area of the creek Malinska (between Gradin and Abitanti, near the village of Stara Mandrija) and in the catchment area of the creek Pregon (south of Pregara at the villages of Reparec and Tuniši). Based on the comparison with similar sweet chestnut woods in Croatia and Bosnia they were classified into the association Helleboro istriaci-Castaneetum sativae Medak 2009 and two new subassociations: -ornithogaletosum pyrenaici and -ruscetosum aculeati. According to our findings, the studied stands are secondary, pioneer or degradation stages, probably on former beech or oak sites from associations Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Fagetum, Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum and Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum petraeae. However, because Castanea sativa regenerates in these stands and persists there for generations, these stands could also be treated as a special habitat and/or forest site type, but this is an assessment best left to the competent experts. Key words: phytosociology, synsystematics, Helleboro istriaci-Castaneetum sativae, Carpinion orientalis, Istria, Slovenia Izvleček Fitocenološko smo analizirali gozdne sestoje v Slovenski Istri, v katerih v drevesni plasti prevladuje pravi kostanj (Castanea sativa). Našli smo jih v okolici vasi Puče (med Šmarjami in Koštabono) v porečju Drnice, v povodjih potoka Malinska (med Gradinom in Abitanti, blizu vasi Stara Mandrija) in v povodju potoka Pregon (južno od Pregare pri vaseh Reparec in Tuniši). Na podlagi primerjave s podobnimi kostanjevimi gozdovi na Hrvaškem in v Bosni smo jih uvrstili v asociacijo Helleboro istriaci-Castaneetum sativae Medak 2009 in v dve novi subasociaciji: -ornithogaletosum pyrenaici in -ruscetosum aculeati. Po naših spoznanjih so preučeni sestoji drugotni, pionirski ali degradacijski stadiji na nekoč najbrž bukovih ali hrastovih rastiščih iz asociacij Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Fagetum, Seslerio autumnalis-Fagetum in Seslerio autumnalis-Quercetum petraeae. Ker pa se pravi kostanj v njih pomlajuje in ohranja več generacij, jih je mogoče vrednotiti tudi kot poseben habitatni in/ali gozdni rastiščni tip, a presojo o tem prepuščamo pristojnim strokovnjakom. Ključne besede: fitocenologija, sinsistematika, Helleboro istriaci-Castaneetum sativae, Carpinion orientalis, Istra, Slovenija

The article provides an overview of deciduous forests of the Balkan Peninsula. It presents riverine, floodplain and moor forests, dominated by Alnus incana, A. glutinosa, Fraxinus excelsior, F. angustifolia, Quercus robur, Salix alba, Ulmus laevis, U. minor; acidophilous forests dominated by Betula pendula, Castanea sativa, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea; thermophilous forests dominated by Carpinus orientalis, Ostrya carpinifolia, Quercus cerris, Q. farainetto, Q. petraea, Q. pubescens and mesophilous forests dominated by Carpinus betulus, Fagus sylvatica, F. orientalis, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia argentea, T. cordata, T. platyphyllos, Ulmus glabra. At the same time, forests were classified into the synsystematic framework of the standard Central European system to the level of an alliance.

Presentation du cadre regional en insistant sur les caracteres climatiques, pedologiques et hydrologiques. 480 releves floristiques ont permis l'elaboration de 26 tableaux phytosociologiques qui definissent des groupements dont le statut est precise. Les particularites biologiques et phytosociologiques des groupements et les principaux caracteres des biotopes sont precises, une lkiaison etroite entre vegetation et conditions hydriques et pedologiques reconnue. L'etude approfondie de la dynamique des associations montre la preponderance des series regressives dues a l'aridification du climat et a la pression anthopozoogene de plus en plus intense

Apres quelques precisions sur les caracteres du milieu regional, on propose une typologie phytosiociologique pour quatre grandes formations vegetales: forets, landes et pelouses suprasylvatiques, groupements a hautes herbes et megaphorbiaies, prairies de fauche. Puis on degage les principaux aspects phytoecologiques et phytogeographiques