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Books on the topic 'Syntactic constituents'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Faarlund, Jan Terje. Autostructural analysis. Segmental deletion, prosodic constituents, and syntactic constituents. University of Trondheim, Department of Linguistics, 1989.

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2

Taraldsen, Knut Tarald. Spanning versus Constituent Lexicalization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876746.003.0003.

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This chapter seeks to evaluate the relative merits of two competing views of how lexical insertion should work in a nanosyntactic framework. One view holds that a sequence of heads meeting certain conditions, a “span,” can be replaced by a single morpheme even when those heads do not form a constituent in the input tree. The other view allows lexical insertion only to target constituents. The article focuses on certain properties of portmanteau prefixes identified by investigating the nominal class prefixes in Bantu languages. Accounting for portmanteau prefixes looks like a serious challenge

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3

Benmamoun, Elabbas, and Lina Choueiri. The Syntax of Arabic From A Generative Perspective. Edited by Jonathan Owens. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764136.013.0006.

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Research on Arabic varieties within modern syntactic approaches has tracked the debates that have preoccupied the field of generative linguistics in its different incarnations throughout the last six decades. The debates centered on the nature of linguistic categories, syntactic configurations and their constituents, syntactic alternations and processes that alter the order of constituents, and dependencies between members of the syntactic representations. This article considers the main issues within Arabic syntax and the influential approaches that have been advanced. It focuses on debates s

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4

Kimmelman, Vadim, and Roland Pfau. Information Structure in Sign Languages. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.001.

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This chapter demonstrates that the Information Structure notions Topic and Focus are relevant for sign languages, just as they are for spoken languages. Data from various sign languages reveal that, across sign languages, Information Structure is encoded by syntactic and prosodic strategies, often in combination. As for topics, we address the familiar semantic (e.g. aboutness vs. scene-setting topic) and syntactic (e.g. moved vs. base-generated topic) classifications in turn and we also discuss the possibility of topic stacking. As for focus, we show how information, contrastive, and emphatic

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5

Wagner, Michael. Information Structure and Production Planning. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.39.

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Utterances are planned and realized incrementally. Which information is salient or attended to prior to initiating an utterance has influences on choices in argument structure and word order, and affects the prosodic prominence of the constituents involved. Many phenomena that the linguistic literature usually treats as reflexes of the grammatical encoding of information structure, such as the early ordering of topics, or the prosodic reduction of old information, are treated in the production literature as a consequence of how contextual salience interacts with production planning. This artic

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6

Ferraresi, Gisella, and Agnes Jäger. Introduction to Part II. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0007.

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The chapter provides an overview of the main issues and contributions of Part II of the volume. This part discusses various phenomena concerning the middle field in the historical stages of German. In particular, the discussion concerns the question of the relative order of elements and the factors influencing changes of this order. In the left-most part of the middle field—the Wackernagel position, where light and clitic elements appear—the order of pronouns and their interplay with complementizer agreement is an intriguing topic. Another relevant aspect concerns the order of full NPs and the

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7

Speyer, Augustin. The ACI construction in the history of German. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0017.

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The ACI (accusativus cum infinitivo) in Modern German is governed almost exclusively by perception verbs. For genuine OHG, the same can be said. In MHG and ENHG authors began to experiment with other verb classes as potentially governing ACIs, probably influenced by Latin, but this usage never made its way in ‘normal’ grammar. The tenacity of the exclusive association of ACI with perception verbs hints at an analysis in which the logical subject of the ACI is a constituent on its own, the predicate part of the ACI being a separate constituent. Other tests, e.g. tests for constituency, point in

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8

Pietroski, Paul M. Minimal semantic instructions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812722.003.0008.

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This chapter provides the compositional details, showing how lexical meanings can be combined (via relatively simple operations) to form complex meanings, and how executing these meanings/instructions can yield conjunctive concepts whose atomic constituents are monadic or dyadic. After introducing some assumptions about the syntactic structures that connect meanings with pronunciations, the discussion turns to simple examples like combining ‘cow’ with a plural morpheme, and work up to untensed clauses like the complement of ‘saw’ in ‘saw a dog chase cows’. The next step is to accommodate tense

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9

Belletti, Adriana, and Chris Collins, eds. Smuggling in Syntax. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197509869.001.0001.

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One of the fundamental properties of human language is movement, where a constituent moves from one position in a sentence to another position. Syntactic theory has long been concerned with properties of movement, including locality restrictions. This work investigates how different movement operations interact with one another, focusing on the special case of smuggling. The contributions in this volume each describe different areas where smuggling derivations play a role, including passives, causatives, adverb placement, the dative alternation, the placement of measure phrases, wh-in-situ and

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10

Aboh, Enoch. Information Structure. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.004.

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This chapter discusses the cartographic approach to clause structure according to which information structure directly relates to syntactic heads that project within the clausal left periphery. This view is supported by data from languages in which information-structure-sensitive notions (e.g. topic, focus) are encoded by means of discourse markers that trigger various constituent displacement rules. Such empirical facts are compatible with the cartographic view in which lexical choices condition information packaging and clause structure. Put together, the cross-linguistic data presented in t

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11

Kiss, Katalin É. Discourse Functions. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.24.

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The chapter first summarizes the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic properties of the topic–comment structure in the Hungarian sentence. It describes the topic as a constituent external to the extended verbal projection, binding an empty argument in the comment, derived by topic movement or base-generated in situ. The topic functions as the logical subject of predication. Then the chapter discusses the focus–background articulation of the comment. The Hungarian sentence structure contains a designated focus position at the left edge of the comment. The focus elicits verb movement. The Hungaria

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12

Sawada, Osamu. Historical development of pragmatic scalar modifiers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714224.003.0009.

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Chapter 9 considers the development of pragmatic scalar modifiers from a historical point of view. The main point is that although the directionality of the semantic change of scalar modifiers can be captured under a general path of semantic change or grammaticalization (i.e. propositional $>$ (textual) $>$ expressive; Traugott 1982), the semantic shift of scalar modifiers is not lexically at random. The chapter argues that semantic change in scalar modifiers is constrained or regulated by their lexical and morphosyntactic properties. At the lexical level, this constraint means that sema

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13

Danckaert, Lieven. VOAux. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759522.003.0004.

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The starting point of this chapter is the observation that the diachrony of the OV/VO alternation is very different in clauses with a head-final (VPAux) and a head-initial (AuxVP) T-projection. Special attention is paid to the synchronic and diachronic syntax of those cases in which a head-initial VP co-occurs with a head-final TP, a configuration which yields the order ‘VOAux’. The availability of this pattern can be considered surprising in the light of recent work on the linearization of syntactic structures (Biberauer et al. 2014). Importantly, corpus data reveal that the VOAux-order is on

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14

Speyer, Augustin, and Helmut Weiß. The prefield after the Old High German period. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0005.

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The filling of the prefield in Modern German is determined by information-structural constraints such as scene-setting, contrastiveness, and topichood. While OHG does not yet show competition between these constraints, competition arises from MHG onward. This has to do with the generalization of the V2 constraint (i.e. the one-constituent property of the prefield) for declarative clauses, in which context the information-structural constraints are loosened. The syntactic change whose result eventually was the loss of multiple XP fronting comprised a change of the feature endowment of C because

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15

Myler, Neil. Exceptions to the Mirror Principle and morphophonological ‘action at a distance’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778264.003.0005.

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Hyman (2000, 2002) and Kiparsky (2011) have noted that Mirror-Principle-violating morpheme orders often give rise to non-local morphophonological effects. Kiparsky (2011) explicitly argues that this generalization cannot be captured in syntactic approaches to morphology, such as Distributed Morphology. This chapter shows that the generalization can be explained via the combination of two pre-existing tenets of such theories. One is the idea that Vocabulary Insertion proceeds from the most deeply embedded constituent outwards (Bobaljik 2000; Halle and Marantz 1993). The other is the proposal th

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16

Galves, Charlotte, and Alba Gibrail. Subject inversion in transitive sentences from Classical to Modern European Portuguese. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747307.003.0009.

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This chapter focuses on Classical Portuguese and its change to Modern European Portuguese, bringing to the debate new data concerning transitive sentences. The data are drawn from the Tycho Brahe Parsed Corpus of Historical Portuguese (texts written by Portuguese authors born 1502–1836). It is argued that both constituent order syntax and the information structure functions of word order in transitive sentences (SVO, VSO, VOS) support the characterization of Classical Portuguese as a verb-second language: the verb occupies a high position in clause structure, which makes a high position for po

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