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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Syntactic-semantic analysis'
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Kurita, Shuhei. "Neural Approaches for Syntactic and Semantic Analysis." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242436.
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Webster, Janet May. "A semantic and syntactic analysis of aphasic speech." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/882.
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The aim of this study was to investigate sentence production deficits in subjects with aphasia, with a view to improving the description of the observed features of performance and determining the nature of the underlying impairment. An analysis of narrative speech was designed which described sentence production in terms of thematic, phrasal and morphological structure. The comprehensive analysis procedure allowed the sentence production of non-fluent aphasic subjects, fluent aphasic subjects and normal control subjects to be compared. The results of the narrative analysis questioned the validity of grouping subjects via the fluency of their speech; there was extensive variability within each group and the deficits seen in the nonfluent and fluent subjects were not differentiable. Garrett's (1980) model of normal sentence production provided a more beneficial framework for characterising sentence production deficits in aphasia. The majority of the subjects with aphasia presented with a combination of functional and positional level deficits. Selective deficits were, however, identified in the production of thematic structure, complex phrases, function words and inflectional morphology. The independence of functional and positional level processing was confirmed by an additional study of narrative speech investigating how thematic structure influenced subsequent phrasal realisation. There was no trade-off between the complexity of the predicate argument structure (in terms of the number of phrasal components associated with the verb) and the complexity of the phrases used to realise those arguments. In addition, the argument status of the phrase was not found to influence its complexity. The number of phrasal components in an utterance and the complexity of those phrases was only influenced by the information to be conveyed. The narrative analysis allowed the likely location of a subject's impairment to be identified. An investigation of four subjects with apparent difficulties in producing the functional level representation found that differential deficits were responsible for their production of thematic structure. These results provide support for the three subprocesses suggested by Schwartz (1987): - the retrieval of semantic information, the creation of the predicate argument structure and the assignment of thematic roles to lexical items.
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Herrera, Roberto. "On Spanish prepositions : a syntactic and semantic analysis /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Mundalamo, Rabelani Phyllis. "The ideophones in Tshivenda : a syntactic and semantic analysis." Thesis, University of the North, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2107.
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Karmakar, Saurav. "Syntactic and Semantic Analysis and Visualization of Unstructured English Texts." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cs_diss/61.
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People have complex thoughts, and they often express their thoughts with complex sentences using natural languages. This complexity may facilitate efficient communications among the audience with the same knowledge base. But on the other hand, for a different or new audience this composition becomes cumbersome to understand and analyze. Analysis of such compositions using syntactic or semantic measures is a challenging job and defines the base step for natural language processing.
In this dissertation I explore and propose a number of new techniques to analyze and visualize the syntactic and semantic patterns of unstructured English texts.
The syntactic analysis is done through a proposed visualization technique which categorizes and compares different English compositions based on their different reading complexity metrics. For the semantic analysis I use Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to analyze the hidden patterns in complex compositions. I have used this technique to analyze comments from a social visualization web site for detecting the irrelevant ones (e.g., spam). The patterns of collaborations are also studied through statistical analysis.
Word sense disambiguation is used to figure out the correct sense of a word in a sentence or composition. Using textual similarity measure, based on the different word similarity measures and word sense disambiguation on collaborative text snippets from social collaborative environment, reveals a direction to untie the knots of complex hidden patterns of collaboration.
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Wang, Yong. "Incorporating semantic and syntactic information into document representation for document clustering." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2005. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07072005-105806.
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Bringe, Maya Jerome Janda Laura A. "A particle on the edge a semantic/syntactic analysis of Russian khotʹ /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,461.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures." Discipline: Slavic Languages and Literatures; Department/School: Slavic Languages and Literatures.
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Malinga, Bongiwe Bernadette. "A semantic and syntactic analysis of break and bend verbs in Zulu." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52131.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The subject of this study is Break and Bend verbs in isiZulu, which can be classified as verbs of change of state. This study examines the semantic as well as the syntactic analysis of these verbs of change of state in Zulu. Semantically Bend verbs are divided into verbs denoting the bending of body parts, e.g: thoba, khothema, qomfa, bhena, guqa, vosho, and verbs that denote the bending of body parts as well as physical objects, e.g. goba, qethuka/qethula as shown in the sentences below: Indoda igobe ucingo The man bent the wire. Indoda ithe qethu ikhanda The man bent the head backwards. Inkosikazi igobe amadolo The woman bent the knees. Uthe qethu isigxobo He made the pole bend backwards. The study will demonstrate that Break verbs are semantically divided into verbs denoting break or fracture, e.g. aphula/aphuka; those denoting "break off" e.g. nqamuka/nqamula; a verb denoting "to smash", e.g. fahlaza/fahlaka; those denoting " crack", e.g. chachamba, verbs meaning "to tear", e.g. dabula/dabuka; verbs denoting "to demolish", e.g. bhidliza/bhidlika and verbs denoting "to break open", e.g. havuka I havula. Syntactically, Break predicates may occur as ideophones, which are ergative with transitive/intransitive alternation, e.g. aphulaj aphuka, In addition, Break predicates may consist of ideophones with verbal suffixes: [-k-] is the suffix of intransitive ideophone [-I-] or [-z-] is the suffix of transitive ideophone Intransitive ideophone: Intambo ithe nqamu The rope broke Intransitive verb with [-k-]: Intambo inqamukile The rope broke Transitive ideophone: Indoda ithe nqamu intambo The man broke the rope Transitive verb with [-1-]: Indoda inqamule intambo. The man broke a rope Transitive verb with [-z-]: Indoda iphoqoze intambo. The man broke a bone The study demonstrates that with Bend verbs there are two ergative verbs, namely thoba and goba. -- The study further demonstrates that Bend verbs are mostly intransitive with a shadow argument; there is an ideophone qethu, which takes the transitive / intransitive alternation with the suffix [-k-] for the intransitive and [-1-] for the transitive alternation, respectively. The study provides evidence that Break and Bend verbs are characterised by specific selection restrictions as well as event structures. Some alternations were also investigated in the study, such as the Possessive alternation and Instrument-Subject alternation. Lastly, the Lexical conceptual paradigm and the Lexical Inheritance Structure of each verb were examined.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onderwerp van hierdie studie is Breek en Buig werkwoorde in isiZulu, wat geklassifiseerword as werkwoorde van toestandverandering. Hierdie studie ondersoek die semantiese en die sintaktiese analise van die werkwoordtipe van toestandverandering in isizulu. Buigwerkwoorde word semanties ingedeel in werkwoorde wat die buig van liggaamsdeleaandui, byvoorbeeld: thoba, khothema, qomfa, bhena, guqa, vosho, en werkwoorde wat die buig van liggaamsdele sowel as die fisiese objekte aandui, byvoorbeeld: goba, qethuka/qethula, soos aangedui word in die sinne hieronder: Indoda igobe ucingo Die man het die draad gebuig Indoda ithe qethu ikhanda Die man het sy kop agteroor gebuig Inkosikazi igobe amadolo Die vrou het (haar) knieë gebuig Uthe qethu isigxobo Hy het die paal agtertoe gebuig. Hierdie studie toon aan dat Breek-werkwoorde semanties ingedeel kan word in werkwoorde wat "breek" aandui, bv. aphula/aphuka: werkwoorde wat "afbreek" aandui, bv. nqamuka/nqamula; werkwoorde wat "flenters breek" aandui, bv. fahlaza/fahlaka; werkwoorde wat "bars" aandui, bv. chachamba, werkwoorde wat "skeur" aandui, bv. dabula/dabuka; werkwoorde wat "ruineer" aandui, bv. bhidliza/bhidlika en werkwoorde wat "oopbreek" aandui, bv. havuka/havula. Breek-predikate kan sintakties as ideofone verskyn, wat ergatief (ergative) is met 'n transitief/intransitief alternasie, bv.. aphula/aphuka. Voorts kan Breek-predikate ook verskyn as ideofone met werkwoordagtervoegsels: [-k-] is die suffiks van die intransitiewe ideofoon [-1-] of [-z-] is die suffiks van die transitiewe ideofoon Intransitiewe ideofoon: Intambo ithe nqamu Die tou het gebreek Intransitiewe werkwoord met [-k-]: Intambo inqamukile Die tou het gebreek Transitiewe ideofoon: Indoda ithe nqamu intambo Die man het die tou gebreek Transitiewe werkwoord met [-1-]: Indoda inqamule intambo. Die man het die tou gebreek Transitiewe werkwoord met l-e-l: Indoda iphoqoze umlenze Die man het die been gebreek Die studie toon aan dat met Buigwerkwoorde, twee ergatiewe werkwoorde gevind is, naamlik thoba en goba. Die studie toon ook aan dat Buigwerkwoorde meestal intransitiewe werkwoorde is wat met 'n skadu-argument verskyn. Daar is 'n ideofoon qethu, wat die transitief/intransitief alternasie vertoon met die suffiks [-k-] vir die intransitief en [-I-] vir die transitief alternasie, respektiewelik Die studie bied bewys daarvoor dat Breek- en Buigwerkwoorde gekenmerk word deur seleksiebeperkings en gebeure ('event') strukture. Sommige alternasies is ook ondersoek in die studie, byvoorbeeld die Possessief alternasie en Instrument-Subjek alternasie. Laastens, is die leksikaal-konseptuele paradigma en die Leksikale-erwingstruktuur van elke werkwoord ondersoek.
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Jiang, Ying Alisa. "An analysis of syntactic structures and semantic features of de-constructions in Chinese." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1208.
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Jin, Gongye. "High-quality Knowledge Acquisition of Predicate-argument Structures for Syntactic and Semantic Analysis." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215677.
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If the author of the published paper digitizes such paper and releases it to third parties using digital media such as computer networks or CD-ROMs, the volume, number, and pages of the Journal of Natural Language Processing of the publication must be indicated in a clear manner for all viewers.Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(情報学)
甲第19850号
情博第601号
新制||情||105(附属図書館)
32886
京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻
(主査)准教授 河原 大輔, 教授 黒橋 禎夫, 教授 河原 達也
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Meiklejohn, Mark. "Automated software development and model generation by means of syntactic and semantic analysis." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24855.
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Software development is a global activity and the development of a software system starts from some requirement that describes the problem domain. These requirements need to be communicated so that the software system can be fully engineered and in the majority of cases the communication of software requirements typically take the form of written text, which is difficult to transform into a model of the software system and consumes an inordinate amount of project effort. This thesis proposes and evaluates a fully automated analysis and model creation technique that exploits the syntactic and semantic information contained within an English natural language requirements specification to construct a Unified Modelling Language (UML) model of the software requirements. The thesis provides a detailed description of the related literature, a thorough description of the Common Semantic Model (CSM) and Syntactic Analysis Model (SAM) models, and the results of a qualitative and comparative evaluation given realistic requirement specifications and ideal models. The research findings confirm that the CSM and SAM models can identify: classes, relationships, multiplicities, operations, parameters and attributes all from the written natural language requirements specification which is subsequently transformed into a UML model. Furthermore, this transformation is undertaken without the need of manual intervention or manipulation of the requirements specification.
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Lahousse, Karen. "The distribution of postverbal nominal subjects in French : a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic analysis." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082346.
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Cette thèse propose une description et une analyse systématiques et globales de la distribution des sujets nominaux postverbaux en français. Bien que le français soit souvent décrit comme une langue à ordre de mots sujet-verbe (SV: JeanS arrivaV), dans certains contextes, le sujet peut suivre le verbe (VS: Alors arrivaV JeanS). Toutes les approches récentes globales de la distribution de VS portent sur un seul des aspects syntaxique, sémantique et pragmatique. La présente étude, par contre, offre une description de la distribution de VS qui prend en considération des critères syntaxiques et pragmatiques et une analyse qui incorpore les propriétés syntaxiques, sémantiques et pragmatiques de la construction VS et de la phrase dans laquelle VS apparaîtThis dissertation gives a systematic and comprehensive description and analysis of the distribution of postverbal nominal subjects in French. Although Modern French is often described as a language with a generalized subject-verb word order (SV: JeanS arrivaV), in some contexts, the subject can follow the verb (VS: Alors arrivaV JeanS). All recent global approaches to VS have privileged either a syntactic, or a semantic or a pragmatic analysis. The present study challenges these approaches by offering a detailed description of the distribution of VS based on both syntactic and pragmatic factors, and an analysis which involves syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties of both the VS construction and the context it appears in
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Faruque, Md Ehsanul. "A Minimally Supervised Word Sense Disambiguation Algorithm Using Syntactic Dependencies and Semantic Generalizations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4969/.
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Natural language is inherently ambiguous. For example, the word "bank" can mean a financial institution or a river shore. Finding the correct meaning of a word in a particular context is a task known as word sense disambiguation (WSD), which is essential for many natural language processing applications such as machine translation, information retrieval, and others. While most current WSD methods try to disambiguate a small number of words for which enough annotated examples are available, the method proposed in this thesis attempts to address all words in unrestricted text. The method is based on constraints imposed by syntactic dependencies and concept generalizations drawn from an external dictionary. The method was tested on standard benchmarks as used during the SENSEVAL-2 and SENSEVAL-3 WSD international evaluation exercises, and was found to be competitive.
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Feng, Qiuxiang [Verfasser], and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Hausser. "Syntactic-Semantic Analysis of Modern Chinese with Left-Associative Grammar / Qiuxiang Feng. Betreuer: Roland Hausser." Erlangen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102125956X/34.
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Bubp, Kelly M. "To Prove or Disprove: The Use of Intuition and Analysis by Undergraduate Students to Decide on the Truth Value of Mathematical Statements and Construct Proofs and Counterexamples." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1417178872.
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Šimkienė, Ina. "A functional analysis of noncanonical word order patterns in CARSON McCULLERS‘ short stories." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140724_101113-92224.
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In communication, a language user is naturally disposed to proceed from what is known to, or shared by, both the speaker/writer and hearer/reader and end with the information that is the most important. Such a disposition complies with the requirements of Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP), but it also makes a language user “transform” the basic word order. The present work took a functional approach to language study to explore the syntactic potential of English to produce various sentence patterns by carrying out a communicative (functional) analysis of Carson McCullers’ short stories. The analysis showed that one of the main causes of noncanonical ordering of sentence elements is thematization by means of Preposing. The preposed elements were semantically diverse, though the frequency of occurrence of different process type sentences varied. The results of the analysis led to the conclusion that syntactic movement is determined by the semantic, syntactic and contextual restrictions. Syntactically, the peripheral elements of the sentence exhibited a higher flexibility than the core sentence elements. Semantic and syntactic unity of the sentence elements were interfered when the preposed sentence elements expressed information recoverable from a very short retrievability span, which revealed the significant role of the context in syntactical movements. Preposing and the resulting sentence patterns seem to be used for particular discourse functions: to enhance the... [to full text]Pagal sakinio aktualiosios skaidos (AS) teoriją konkrečiame kontekste vieni sakinio elementai komunikaciniu požiūriu yra svarbesni negu kiti. Kalbos vartotojas yra natūraliai linkęs sakinį pradėti nuo to, kas žinoma jam kaip kalbėtojui ar rašytojui ir jo klausytojui ar skaitytojui ir baigti sakinį informacija, kuri yra svarbiausia. Tokia nuostata verčia kalbos vartotoją transformuoti vadinamą gramatinį sakinio modelį Veiksnys+Tarinys+Papildinys. Kitaip tariant, komunikacijos procese sintaksinio lygmens uždavinys yra „rasti“ tinkamą sakinio modelį ir jį aktualizuoti. Šiame darbe yra tiriamos anglų kalbos sintaksinės galios sudaryti įvairias sintaksines struktūras, kurios geriausiai gali atspindėti sakinio turinį ir komunikacinį tikslą. Tiriamajai medžiagai pasirinkti amerikiečių rašytojos Carson McCaullers apsakymai. Tyrimas parodė, kad tiriamų sakinių žodžių tvarką dažniausiai lėmė teminami semantiniai elementai, iškeliant juos į sakinio pradžią, arba kitaip tariant, atliekant temos preposiciją (angl. Preposing). Į sakinio pradžią keliami elementai yra semantiškai skirtingi, priklausomai nuo proceso tipo. Žodžių tvarkos įvairavimą lemia semantiniai, sintaksiniai ir konteksto apribojimai. Dažniausiai į sakinio pradžią keliami pagrindiniai ir periferiniai elementai reiškė žinomą informaciją. Tiriant žodžių tvarkos įvairavimo atvejus, buvo siekiama įvertinti ir diskursinį žodžių tvarkos modelių vaidmenį. Tyrimas parodė, kad įprasta žodžių tvarka yra keičiama, siekiant ne tik... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Petersson, Tommy. "Freie Prädikative in der Satzanalyse im Deutschen : Eine syntaktisch-semantische Analyse." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Baltic Languages, Finnish and German, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8567.
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This survey focuses on the omissible constituents of a sentence, which not only relate to the verb but also describe the subject or object. In a sentence analysis, they cannot be determined by the syntactic structure alone, but need an additional semantic approach. These units are commonly used, but so far have been insufficiently described in grammars and research literature, although the understanding of the function of these units is necessary in order to be able to make a complete sentence analysis. Further, there is no consensus regarding terminology and classification. The term depictive secondary predication is commonly used in English, and the terms prädikatives Attribut, freies Prädikativ and Koprädikativ are the most widely used terms in German. In this study, the term freies Prädikativ (FP) is used. The classification of these constituents in the literature varies between FP, adverbials and in some cases attributes.
Based on the information available in German grammars and mainly German research literature, a model was developed, which makes it possible to distinguish FP from adverbials and attributes. A corpus containing German novels and newspapers was analysed in the light of this model. The controlled sentences of grammar books and research literature almost always use adjectives as examples of FP. This study shows that FP can be found in all types of phrases like adjective phrases, participle constructions, als- phrases and prepositional phrases. In addition, it is shown that FP occur with all types of verbs.
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Holmberg, Mattias. "A Construction Grammar Analysis of the expression /on the one hand...on the other hand/." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8124.
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The expression /on the one hand…on the other hand/ (OH1 OH2) is a fixed linguistic pattern which is used to emphasize the comparison between two possibly complex propositions (henceforth X and Y). The static syntactic form of the pattern and the specific semantic comparison it evokes are strong indicators that it is a construction of the type discussed in the analytical method Construction Grammar (henceforth CxG). Thus, the aim of this essay is to argue that the pattern OH1X OH2Y is a CxG construction with specific syntactic and semantic constraints, and at the same time to give a descriptive account of the features of the construction. The British National Corpus was used to get examples containing the pattern. The syntactic and semantic features of these examples were analysed and the results were compared with how the traditional descriptive grammarians account for the pattern.
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Fouqueré, Christophe. "Systèmes d'analyse tolérante du langage naturel." Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA132003.
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Li, Honglin. "Hierarchical video semantic annotation the vision and techniques /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1071863899.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 146 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-146).
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Asbayou, Omar. "L'identification des entités nommées en arabe en vue de leur extraction et classification automatiques : la construction d’un système à base de règles syntactico-sémantique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2136.
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Cette thèse explique et présente notre démarche de la réalisation d’un système à base de règles de reconnaissance et de classification automatique des EN en arabe. C’est un travail qui implique deux disciplines : la linguistique et l’informatique. L’outil informatique et les règles la linguistiques s’accouplent pour donner naissance à une nouvelle discipline ; celle de « traitement automatique des langues », qui opère sur des niveaux différents (morphosyntaxique, syntaxique, sémantique, syntactico-sémantique etc.). Nous avons donc, dans ce qui nous concerne, mis en œuvre des informations et règles linguistiques nécessaires au service du logiciel informatique, qui doit être en mesure de les appliquer, pour extraire et classifier, par des annotations syntaxiques et/ou sémantiques, les différentes classes d’entités nommées.Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit donc dans un cadre général de traitement automatique des langues, mais plus particulièrement dans la continuité des travaux réalisés au niveau de l’analyse morphosyntaxique par la conception et la réalisation des bases des données lexicales SAMIA et ensuite DIINAR avec l’ensemble de résultats de recherches qui en découlent. C’est une tâche qui vise à l’enrichissement lexical par des entités nommées simples et complexes, et qui veut établir la transition de l’analyse morphosyntaxique vers l’analyse syntaxique, et syntatico-sémantique dans une visée plus générale de l’analyse du contenu textuel. Pour comprendre de quoi il s’agit, il nous était important de commencer par la définition de l’entité nommée. Et pour mener à bien notre démarche, nous avons distingué entre deux types principaux : pur nom propre et EN descriptive. Nous avons aussi établi une classification référentielle en se basant sur diverses classes et sous-classes qui constituent la référence de nos annotations sémantiques. Cependant, nous avons dû faire face à deux difficultés majeures : l’ambiguïté lexicale et les frontières des entités nommées complexes. Notre système adopte une approche à base de règles syntactico-sémantiques. Il est constitué, après le Niveau 0 d’analyse morphosyntaxique, de cinq niveaux de construction de patrons syntaxiques et syntactico-sémantiques basés sur les informations linguistique nécessaires (morphosyntaxiques, syntaxiques, sémantique, et syntactico-sémantique). Ce travail, après évaluation en utilisant deux corpus, a abouti à de très bons résultats en précision, en rappel et en F–mesure. Les résultats de notre système ont un apport intéressant dans différents application du traitement automatique des langues notamment les deux tâches de recherche et d’extraction d’informations. En effet, on les a concrètement exploités dans les deux applications (recherche et extraction d’informations). En plus de cette expérience unique, nous envisageons par la suite étendre notre système à l’extraction et la classification des phrases dans lesquelles, les entités classifiées, principalement les entités nommées et les verbes, jouent respectivement le rôle d’arguments et de prédicats. Un deuxième objectif consiste à l’enrichissement des différents types de ressources lexicales à l’instar des ontologiesThis thesis explains and presents our approach of rule-based system of arabic named entity recognition and classification. This work involves two disciplines : linguistics and computer science. Computer tools and linguistic rules are merged to give birth to a new discipline : Natural Languge Processsing, which operates in different levels (morphosyntactic, syntactic, semantic, syntactico-semantic…). So, in our particular case, we have put the necessary linguistic information and rules to software sevice. This later should be able to apply and implement them in order to recognise and classify, by syntactic and semantic annotations, the different named entity classes.This work of thesis is incorporated within the general domain of natural language processing, but it particularly falls within the scope of the continuity of the accomplished work in terms of morphosyntactic analysis and the realisation of lexical data bases of SAMIA and then DIINAR as well as the accompanying scientific recearch. This task aimes at lexical enrichement with simple and complex named entities and at establishing the transition from the morphological analysis into syntactic and syntactico-semantic analysis. The ultimate objective is text analysis. To understand what it is about, it was important to start with named entity definition. To carry out this task, we distinguished between two main named entity types : pur proper name and descriptive named entities. We have also established a referential classification on the basis of different classes and sub-classes which constitue the reference for our semantic annotations. Nevertheless, we are confronted with two major difficulties : lexical ambiguity and the frontiers of complex named entities. Our system adoptes a syntactico-semantic rule-based approach. After Level 0 of morpho-syntactic analysis, the system is made up of five levels of syntactic and syntactico-semantic patterns based on tne necessary linguisic information (i.e. morphosyntactic, syntactic, semantic and syntactico-semantic information).This work has obtained very good results in termes of precision, recall and F-measure. The output of our system has an interesting contribution in different applications of the natural language processing especially in both tasks of information retrieval and information extraction. In fact, we have concretely exploited our system output in both applications (information retrieval and information extraction). In addition to this unique experience, we envisage in the future work to extend our system into the sentence extraction and classification, in which classified entities, mainly named entities and verbs, play respectively the role of arguments and predicates. The second objective consists in the enrichment of different types of lexical resources such as ontologies
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Naser, Eddine Abeer. "La préposition dans l'interlangue : étude des productions en L2 anglais d'apprenants francophones." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057881.
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Le principal objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier l'incidence des erreurs prépositionnelles sur l'intelligibilité de productions en L2 anglais par des apprenants francophones. Après un résumé des caractéristiques sémantiques et morpho-syntaxiques des prépositions en anglais et en français, nous abordons les questions liées à l'acquisition d'une langue seconde en général et à l'acquisition des prépositions en particulier, afin d' identifier les facteurs qui peuvent rendre leur acquisition problématique en L2. Nous proposons également des solutions pédagogiques pour améliorer l'apprentissage des prépositions en anglais. Afin de mesurer l'intelligibilité, nous analysons un corpus de productions orales et écrites contenant des emplois erronés, répartis entre erreurs lexciales et erreurs lexico- grammaticales (additions, omissions ou substitutions). Les résultats de cette analyse permettent de voir dans quelle mesure les erreurs prépositionnelles affectent l'intelligibilité du message.
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Voskaki, Ourania. "Le lexique-grammaire des verbes du grec moderne : constructions transitives non locatives à un complément d’objet direct." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1057/document.
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Cette étude a pour objectif la description syntaxique et sémantique des constructions transitives non locatives à un complément d'objet direct en grec moderne : N0 V N1. Nous nous sommes appuyée sur le cadre théorique de la grammaire transformationnelle de Zellig S. Harris et sur le cadre méthodologique du Lexique-Grammaire, défini par Maurice Gross et développé au Laboratoire d'Automatique Documentaire et Linguistique. À partir de 16 560 entrées verbales morphologiques, nous procédons à la classification des constructions transitives non locatives, à partir de 24 classes distinctes, sur la base de critères formels posés. Un inventaire de 2 934 emplois verbaux à construction transitive non locative à un complément d'objet direct a été ainsi produit et scindé en neuf classes. Parmi ces emplois, 1 884 sont formellement décrits dans 9 tables de lexique-grammaire établies : plus précisément, il s'agit de celles qui impliquent des constructions à un complément d'objet direct illustrant les concepts « apparition » (table 32GA), « disparition » (32GD), objet « concret » (32GC), « partie du corps » (32GCL), substantif « humain » (32GH), substantif avec « pluriel obligatoire » (32GPL). En outre, la transformation passive est largement interdite pour les emplois verbaux recensés dans la table 32GNM, alors que les tables 32GCV et 32GRA regroupent des verbes acceptant une transformation à verbe support. Nous présentons l'application des données linguistiques recensées dans le traitement automatique des langues naturelles (TALN), avec la conversion automatique des tables en automates à états finis récursifs, suivie de nos suggestions sur leur applicabilité à la traduction en français et à l'enseignement du grec moderne (langue maternelle ou étrangère) : acquisition/apprentissageThe current research aims to provide a syntactic and semantic analysis of Modern Greek transitive non-locative constructions with one direct object: N0 V N1. Our study is based on the syntactic framework of the Transformational Grammar defined by Zellig S. Harris. We followed the Lexicon-Grammar methodology framework developed by Maurice Gross and elaborated at the LADL (Laboratoire d'Automatique Documentaire et Linguistique). Based on 16 560 morphological verbal entries, we proceeded to the classification of transitive non-locative constructions. On the basis of formal criteria we divided them into 24 distinct classes that formed an inventory of 2 934 transitive non-locative verbal uses with one direct object. Among them, 1 884 verbal uses were split into nine classes and they were formally described in 9 lexicon-grammar tables established for this purpose. More precisely, these structures include a direct object referring to the following concepts: “appearance” (32GA table), “disappearance” (32GD), “concrete” object (32GC), “body part” (32GCL), “human” object (32GH), and “obligatory plural” (32GPL). Likewise, the passive transformation is largely blocked in the 32GNM table, while the 32GCV and 32GRA tables regroup verbs accepting a support verb transformation. We present the linguistic data application in Natural Language Processing (NLP), by means of automatic tables conversion into recursive transition network automata. Moreover, we set forth our remarks on their applicability in translation from Modern Greek to French as well as in language learning/teaching (Modern Greek as first or second language)
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Zouaidi, Safa. "La combinatoire des verbes d'affect : analyse sémantique, syntaxique et discursive français-arabe." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL028/document.
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Le principal enjeu de notre recherche est d’aboutir à un modèle intégratif fonctionnel pour l’analyse des verbes d’affect en français et en arabe. Nous avons choisi d’étudier quatre V_affect : deux verbes d’émotion (étonner et énerver en français et leurs équivalents [ʔadhaʃa], [ʕaɣḍaba] en arabe]) et deux verbes de sentiment (admirer et envier et leurs équivalents [ʔaʕʒaba] et [ħasada]) appartenant aux champs sémantiques de la surprise, la colère, l’admiration et la jalousie. Plus concrètement, l’analyse se situe :– au niveau sémantique et syntaxique : les dimensions sémantiques véhiculées par les collocatifs verbaux comme étonner tellement, énerver prodigieusement, en français, et [ʔaʕʒaba ʔiʕʒāban kabīran] (admirer admiration grand) , [ɣaḍaba ɣaḍabaan ʃadīdan] (énerver colère sévère), en arabe, sont systématiquement reliées à la syntaxe (les constructions grammaticales récurrentes) (Hoey, 2005).– au niveau syntaxique et discursif : les emplois actifs, passifs, et pronominaux des V_affect sont étudiés dans la perspective des dynamiques informationnelles au sein de la phrase (Van Valin et LaPolla, 1997).D’un point de vue méthodologique, l’étude s’appuie sur une démarche quantitative et qualitative de la combinatoire verbale et privilégie la démarche contrastive. Elle est fondée sur le corpus journalistique français de la base de données EmoBase (projet Emolex 100 M de mots) et du corpus journalistique ArabiCorpus (137 M de mots).La thèse contribue ainsi à l’étude des valeurs sémantiques, du comportement syntaxique et discursif de la combinatoire des V_affect, en arabe et en français, ce qui permet de mieux structurer le champ lexical des affects par rapport à ce que proposent les études existantes en lexicologie. Les principaux résultats de l’étude peuvent être appliqués en didactique des langues, en traductologie et en traitement automatisé du lexique des affects dans les deux langues comparéesThe paramount stake of this research is to achieve an integrative functional model for the analysis of affective verbs in French and Arabic. I have chosen four affective verbs: two verbs of emotion (to astonish and to rage in French and their equivalent in Arabic) and two verbs of sentiment (to admire and to envy in French and their equivalent [ʔadhaʃa], [ʔaɣḍaba] in Arabic) they belong to semantic dictions of Surprise, Anger, Admiration, and Jealousy. More concretely, the analysis is shaped:- On the semantic and syntactic level: the semantic dimensions carried by verbal collocations such as to extremely astonish, to rage prodigiously in French, and [ʔaʕʒaba ʔiʕʒāban kabīran] (admire admiration big)*, [ɣaḍaba ɣaḍabaan ʃadīdan] (to rage rage extreme), and in Arabic are systematically linked to syntax (the recurrent grammatical constructions) (Hoey 2005).- On the syntactic and discursive level: the usage of passive, active and reflexive forms of affective verbs are dealt with from the perspective of informational dynamics in the sentence. (Van Valin et LaPolla 1997).From a methodological point of view, the study is based on the quantitative and qualitative approach of the verbal combination and favours the contrastive one. It is founded on the French journalistic corpus of Emobase Database (Emolex project 100 M of words) and the journalistic corpus Arabicorpus) (137 M of words).Furthermore, the thesis participates in the studies of semantic values, the syntactic and the discursive behavior of affective verbs’combinations, in Arabic and in French, which will enable to better structure the diction of emotions in relation to what is proposed by current studies in lexicography. The main results of the study can be applied in language teaching, translation, and automated processing of emotions' lexicon in the two compared languages
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Tafforeau, Jérémie. "Modèle joint pour le traitement automatique de la langue : perspectives au travers des réseaux de neurones." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0430/document.
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Les recherches en Traitement Automatique des Langues (TAL) ont identifié différents niveaux d'analyse lexicale, syntaxique et sémantique. Il en découle un découpage hiérarchique des différentes tâches à réaliser afin d'analyser un énoncé. Les systèmes classiques du TAL reposent sur des analyseurs indépendants disposés en cascade au sein de chaînes de traitement (pipelines). Cette approche présente un certain nombre de limitations : la dépendance des modèles à la sélection empirique des traits, le cumul des erreurs dans le pipeline et la sensibilité au changement de domaine. Ces limitations peuvent conduire à des pertes de performances particulièrement importantes lorsqu'il existe un décalage entre les conditions d'apprentissage des modèles et celles d'utilisation. Un tel décalage existe lors de l'analyse de transcriptions automatiques de parole spontanée comme par exemple les conversations téléphoniques enregistrées dans des centres d'appels. En effet l'analyse d'une langue non-canonique pour laquelle il existe peu de données d'apprentissage, la présence de disfluences et de constructions syntaxiques spécifiques à l'oral ainsi que la présence d'erreurs de reconnaissance dans les transcriptions automatiques mènent à une détérioration importante des performances des systèmes d'analyse. C'est dans ce cadre que se déroule cette thèse, en visant à mettre au point des systèmes d'analyse à la fois robustes et flexibles permettant de dépasser les limitations des systèmes actuels à l'aide de modèles issus de l'apprentissage par réseaux de neurones profondsNLP researchers has identified different levels of linguistic analysis. This lead to a hierarchical division of the various tasks performed in order to analyze a text statement. The traditional approach considers task-specific models which are subsequently arranged in cascade within processing chains (pipelines). This approach has a number of limitations: the empirical selection of models features, the errors accumulation in the pipeline and the lack of robusteness to domain changes. These limitations lead to particularly high performance losses in the case of non-canonical language with limited data available such as transcriptions of conversations over phone. Disfluencies and speech-specific syntactic schemes, as well as transcription errors in automatic speech recognition systems, lead to a significant drop of performances. It is therefore necessary to develop robust and flexible systems. We intend to perform a syntactic and semantic analysis using a deep neural network multitask model while taking into account the variations of domain and/or language registers within the data
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Tai-ChunHou and 侯岱君. "Syntactic and Semantic Analysis of VP-lai-VP Construction." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/weg9ux.
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碩士國立成功大學
外國語文學系
105
This thesis aims to investigate the construction VP1-lai-VP2 in terms of syntactic and semantic perspectives. Based on the argument sharing properties, we classify constituents into three subtypes. We first exert ‘le-suffixation’ to find out the main predicate of VP1-lai-VP2 constituent. Further, by applying the examination of Tsai (2008, 2009) wh-adverbial tests, we try to figure out the relation between two VPs. We argue that type I involving both subject and object sharing are in effect consecutive serial verb construction because VP1 and VP2 are unable to fit the substitution of either causality ‘weisheme’ or the comitativity ‘zenmeyang.’ Type II is compatible with the comitativity ‘zenmeyang’ substitution only. The examination illustrates that the VP1 of type II is actually a VP-layer attributive denoting instrument and the purposive meanings of the constituent. Type III contains two events. VP1 is able to be substituted by inner adverb zenmeyang, and only some of VP2 can be replaced with inner purposive adverbial weileshenme. Further, we examine the relations between VP1 and lai-clause with regard to ‘Predicate decomposition’ from Levin and Rappaport Hovav (1998, 2005). We find out that when the VP1 is stative verb specified as [ v BE at/on ], it is not compatible to three types of lai-clause. Some of the dynamic verbs, among which unergative verbs are excluded, are in harmony with lai purposive clause. As for Type II, the predicate1 in is usually decomposed as light verb [USE] which assign [INSTRUMENT] theta role and it displays object-preposing properties. In type III, when VP1 are achievement or accomplishment verbs, carrying semantic feature [Change-of-State], they are congenial with lai purposive clause. Finally, semantic feature [telicity] and [boundness] explain the discrepancy between ‘weile’ purpose phrase and purposive VP1-lai-VP2 construction.
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莊雅棠. "A Semantic, Syntactic and Pragmatic Analysis of "Hao" in Chinese." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87157623582375348171.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
華語文教學研究所
98
We have approached the research in the following thesis from both semantic and pragmatic angles. The Chinese word hao contains a remarkable number of semantic meanings and functions, based on Halliday’s meta-linguistic theory, in which “ hao” is analyzed from three different levels: namely, ideational functions, textual functions, and interpersonal functions. On the ideational level, the core meaning of the word hao has led to a wide semantic range. Many grammar books, “xiandaihanyubabaici”現代漢語八百詞 being one example, list more than 10 different meanings for the word “hao”. While on the surface it would seem that hao has only one basic meaning, this core semantic use has nonetheless extended to a wide polysemous range of uses based upon this core meaning. From a grammatical perspective, many scholars conceive of hao’s syntactical function as either adjectival or adverbial. Besides those grammatical uses, “hao” can also function as a process verb or as a post verb. This thesis will discuss the full grammatical range of this word. On a textual level, “hao” is used as a discourse marker. While in this sense in carries no intrinsic meaning, it nevertheless can be used to make dialogical and monological transitions more cohesive. This thesis will analyze this function of “hao”, using data from daily speech. Hao also functions as a closure marker in the structure of conversational discourse, predicating a following subject. This use parallels one of the uses of “le”. On an interactional or interpersonal level, “ hao” can function as a recipient tokens, that is, as a back channel indicating that the speaker’s discourse has been received. These can be categorized as interactional speech acts, such as: (1) acceptance, (2)undertaking , (3) acknowledgment. On this level, “hao” often appears in conjunction with “a” or “ba”.
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Tu, Chun, and 杜駿. "Chinese Textual Entailment with WordNet Semantic and Dependency Syntactic Analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19006479516621615097.
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碩士淡江大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
102
Recognizing Inference in TExt (RITE) is a task for automatically detecting entailment, paraphrase, and contradiction in texts which addressing major text understanding in information access research areas. In this paper, we proposed a Chinese textual entailment system using Wordnet semantic and dependency syntactic approaches in Recognizing Inference in Text (RITE) using the NTCIR-10 RITE-2 subtask datasets. Wordnet is used to recognize entailment at lexical level. Dependency syntactic approach is a tree edit distance algorithm applied on the dependency trees of both the text and the hypothesis. We thoroughly evaluate our approach using NTCIR-10 RITE-2 subtask datasets. As a result, our system achieved 73.28% on Traditional Chinese Binary-Class (BC) subtask and 74.57% on Simplified Chinese Binary-Class subtask with NTCIR-10 RITE-2 development datasets. Thorough experiments with the text fragments provided by the NTCIR-10 RITE-2 subtask showed that the proposed approach can improve system''s overall accuracy.
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CHANG, LING-FANG, and 張齡方. "Syntactic structures, Semantic, and Pragmatic Analysis of Mandarin Chinese Near-Synonyms “Daduo” and “Duoban”." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76845243382038603193.
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碩士中國文化大學
華語文教學碩士學位學程
104
The synonymic degree adverbials“Daduo” and “Duoban” shares common grounds in terms of syntactic, semantic and pragmatic meanings and there are impacts between each other due to bilateral interactions. This research aims at discussing the similarities and differences between “Daduo” and “Duoban” and expects to figure out the usages of these two words and further apply them to the future teachings. This research explores the differences with respect to syntactic features, semantic similarities and differences and text pragmatics of “Daduo” and “Duoban” by the application of Documentary Analysis and Comparative Approach. It firstly discussed the arguments with respect to syntax, semantics and pragmatics of these two words provided by different scholars; and sorted out the data from the Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Modern Chinese, The National Committee of general equilibrium in modern Chinese corpus, Center for Chinese Linguistics PKU corpus and the Taiwan News Database 2.0; and further probed into the similarities and differences between“Daduo” and “Duoban” by approaches like statistics, induction and comparison. Finally the research came to the descriptions of the syntactic properties, semantic similarities and differences and pragmatics between these two words. The research results were concluded according to the analysis, statistics and comparisons: First, in terms of syntax, the distributions, functions and collocations of these two words are partly distinct from the ones described in the ordinary grammar books, more specifically in syntactic patterns. Furthermore, with respect to semantics, “Daduo” and “Duoban” not only depict their originally subjective consciousness but also gradually show their objective consciousness and euphemistic modal meanings in modern Chinese language. Finally, in regard to pragmatics, they are not only used in daily communication, but also widely applied in news writing style and written language. From the perspective of modern Chinese language,“Daduo” and “Duoban” has gradually been endowed with the pragmatic functions of “pragmatic vagueness” and “linguistic hedges”. In modern Chinese language, adverbial is a kind of word extensively used and serving as a sort of functional words needs to be known by the learners when they are integrating into social life. The research results provided expect to supply references for Chinese synonym teachings.
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Lai, Yu-ying, and 賴玉英. "The Syntactic Function and Semantic Analysis in Adposition of “Shang” and “Xia” in Hakka." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57447283260034614495.
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碩士國立聯合大學
客家語言與傳播研究所
97
The main purpose of this study is to understand the grammar and functions of adposition of “shang” and “xia” in Hakka through semantic analysis, and try to find out the reason why the three tones-- upper even tone, falling tone and rising tone—are still well preserved.. “Shang” and “xia” in Hakka are polysemous words. This study tries to find the context of semantic development. by referring to semantic items in various dictionaries. The theory of metaphor and metonymy is used to explain the semantic development and extension of these two characters, such as from the concrete position to the abstract time, from the directed position to the levels of characteristics of expressive things. They can be used to refer to anything specified. At the same time, t image schema is applied to understand the development of the spatial concept , while componential analysis is used to distinguish the verbal meaning between upper even tone and rising tone in order to prove that by using sound-changing in forming the both the characters the three tones have thus been preserved. Through semantic analysis this study finds Hakka adposition “shang” and “xia” tend to on the way of semantic generalization, strengthening their syntactic functions. Moreover, “xia” is gradually grammaticalized.
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Pan, Yu-An, and 潘昱安. "Syntactic structures and Semantic Analysis of Mandarin Chinese Near-Synonyms "Guo-wai" and "Wai-guo"." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k262g8.
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碩士國立交通大學
外國語文學系外國文學與語言學碩士班
106
We discuss the syntactic structures and Semantic analysis of Mandarin Chinese near-synonyms "Guo-wai" and "Wai-guo." in this paper. There are three types of usages for "Guo-wai" and "Wai-guo" in Mandarin: (1) sentences with "Guo-wai" only, (2) sentences with "Wai-guo" only, (3) sentences with both "Guo-wai" and "Wai-guo" interchangeable. We will deal with the questions based on the three language facts. For the structure and the meaning, we take "Guo-wai" as a locative phrase which is projected by the head “wai,” which describes the meaning of relative position. Also, “wai” in the locative phrase is formed with the way of clitic (Liu 1998). While "Wai-guo" is a compound word, it takes “guo” as its head and has two meaning: Nationality and location. “Wai” functions as a non-predicative modifier to categorize the type of the “guo.” Moreover, the meaning of the near-synonyms also depends on the language use. We need to consider some factors so that we can get the meaning within the three distributions of "Guo-wai" and "Wai-guo," such as the standing point of the speaker, the type of the noun that "Guo-wai" and "Wai-guo” modified. The theoretical explanation we built provides the whole picture for the "Guo-wai" and "Wai-guo" in Morphology, Syntax and Semantics.
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楊哲熙. "Sentence-final Particles in Taiwanese Southern Min: Their semantic properties, pragmatic functions and syntactic analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06532310345091384275.
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碩士國立清華大學
語言學研究所
102
The article discusses the three sentence-final particles (SFPs) in Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM): hoonn3/honnh4, lah4, and leh4. The three SFPs have been recognized as discourse particles lacking lexical meaning. In this thesis, the core meaning of SFPs as a source of pragmatic functions and extended discursive uses has been proposed to account for multifunctionality and polysemy in SFPs. The semantic cores of SFP as exemplified by hoonn3/honnh4, lah4, and leh4 have been specified respectively as CONFIRMATION, ASSERTION and ASSUMPTION. Syntacticaly, SFPs have been previously perceived as complementizers occupying the C position. However, with the phenomenon of clustering and co-occurrence, it is argued the split-complimentizer phrase in the left pheriphery can be further fine-grained into illocutionary force phrase (ILLP) and clause-type phrase(CTP) (Coniglio &; Zegrean 2010). Accordingly, we propose a double layered projection in TSM to account for the lower SFP1 and the higher SFP2, where SFP1 display an interaction between illocutionary force and clause type, while SFP2 implies the proposed simultaneous force, an additional projection that demonstrates the speaker-oriented attitude on the discourse level.
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Wu, Chia-Fen, and 吳佳芬. "On Ge in the V ge XP construction in Mandarin Chinese: A Syntactic and Semantic Analysis." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10304589342301233118.
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碩士國立交通大學
外國語文學系外國文學與語言學碩士班
97
This thesis studies the special usage of ge in the V ge XP construction, such as chi ge fan ‘have a meal’ and chi ge gouyin ‘eat to one’s heart’s content,’ and with particular focus on the interpretation of ge. Initially, since ge does not allow the preceding numerals, it is argued that ge is different from the generalized classifier ge, which individuates a single unit of nouns for counting. In other words, ge in the V ge XP does not function like an individual classifier. If such an account is correct, then what is ge? What kind of meaning does ge contribute to the V ge XP construction? In this thesis, the assumption regarding the syntactic representation of ge is based on Doetjes’ (1997) analysis of quantification and selection. I propose that ge is a degree quantifier (i.e., DQ), due to the facts that, like a DQ, ge gradually changes from a classifier denoting a specific quantity, or a unit, to a degree quantifier denoting an uncertainty quantity. Furthermore, I propose that ge is a head, selecting phrases composed of categories with [+N] feature, such as nouns and adjectives. From the semantic point of view, based on the research of Kennedy and McNally (2005), adjectives have scales and degrees. According to Doetjes’ (1997) definition, nouns also have scales. I then propose that each XP has its scale and ge indicates the minimal part on the scale of the XP, such as the degree scale of adjectives or the quantity scale of nouns. Thus, a trivial reading is derived. This study concludes that ge is a degree quantifier selecting nominal arguments syntactically, and ge denotes the minimal part of arguments in the scale of degree or quantity semantically. The contribution of this study is to provide a unified syntactic and semantic analysis of ge in the V ge XP construction.
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Chen, Hui Yi, and 陳慧宜. "Error Analysis of Chinese Kind Measure Words Produced by Japanese CFL Learners from Semantic and Syntactic Perspectives." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26510606215729501421.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
語文與創作學系華語文教學碩士班
103
This thesis studies the performance of Japanese CFL learners in Chinese kind measure word from semantic and syntactic aspects. In “Measure word +Noun” structure test, native speakers tend to use kind words “種(zhong)、類(lei)、樣(yang)”for concrete nouns than abstract nouns while the tendency is not obvious for Japanese CFL learner. In order to explain the different tendency, two more studies were included to see how the performance might change when the “Measure word + Noun” structures are used in sentences. The results from native speakers confirmed that different sentence structures played a role in which measure word is selected. The second study used the same six different sentence structures on Japanese CFL learners, and found that Japanese CFL learners did not have difficulties in the complete structures like “Numeral+ Measure word +Noun”,” Demonstrative pronouns+ Numeral+ Measure word +Noun” or ”Verb+Numeral+Measure word +Noun “structures. However, different patterns were found in the incomplete forms like “Ordinal Numbers+ Numeral+ Measure word +Noun”,” Demonstrative pronouns+ Measure word +Noun “and” Verb+ Measure word +Noun “structures, which highlighted the error performance of Japanese CFL learners. From these studies, we found unique error patterns in different sentence structures, which suggests that Mandarin teachers should teach all possible sentence structures when teaching Chinese measure words, before giving meanings or comparing synonyms, and that might reduce the error performances in the use of Chinese measure words.
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林宜樺. "A Syntactic and Semantic Analysis on Mandarin ‘You’ and ‘Zai’ with the Negation Word ‘Bu’ and Image Schema." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61421867010035916947.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
華語文教學系
102
This study deals with the Mandarin adverbs you(又) and zai(再), from a syntactical and semantic perspective, regarding their meaning ‘again’. The necessity for this study is in response to the lack of research regarding both you and zai concerning their ‘again’ meaning from a syntactic and semantic perspective. This research is comprised of two sections; one directly discusses their core meanings and the other discusses their structures. The three main research questions are as follows: 1) Pinpoint the underlying rule behind zai and you when referring to the meaning ‘again’. 2) Specify the semantic and syntactic differences between you and zai based on the findings of research question 1. 3) Reveal how the finding from research questions 1 and 2 can be applied to an actual teaching scenario. Sentences containing you and zai were divided into two groups: simple sentences and complex sentences (including compound sentences). For the analysis of simple sentences, this study focuses on their syntactic structure, based on the Light Verb Theory which follows the work of Shen (2004) and Lin & Liu (2009). This study demonstrates that the conclusion drawn from Lin & Liu’s (2009) findings is insufficient and requires further research that includes the negation bu(不). Specifically, the research must cover the rule regarding you not only as it appears with SFP le(了) but also buzai(不再) which, due to the cliticization of bu and Head-Raising movement in Mandarin, is intrinsically different. For the analysis of complex/compound sentences, this study investigates the differences between you and zai regarding their semantic functions when adjoining two sequential events and maintaining the meaning ‘again’. The theory of ‘Image schema’ was applied, based on the study of ‘schematic meaning’ concerning you and zai proposed by Jing-Schmidt & Gries（2009）. This study modifies the image schema from Jing-Schmidt & Gries’（2009）study and concludes that you is used to intensify the main topic, which precedes the connected event by referring back to it. Likewise, zai is used to propel the ensuing events, and a new change is expected after it. The rare occurance of zaiyou（再又） sentences in contrast to the more frequent youzai（又再） sentences also exemplifies the validity of the proposed image schema. As for teaching suggestions, this study suggests that instructors divide you and zai into two groups: simple sentences and complex sentences. For simple sentences, make sure learners are aware of the disappearance of the SFP le in sentences without bu. For complex sentences, the instructor may illustrate the differences between you and zai with their particular image schemas to help learners distinguish the subtle features more easily.
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Wu, Jia-yi, and 吳家益. "The Syntactic and Semantic Analysis of Middle Passive Constructions in Mandarin Chinese:The Grammatical Status of Preverbal Patient NP." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78520307020775495481.
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碩士輔仁大學
語言學研究所
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In the lump, the thesis first resolves the much- disputed controversy as to whether the preverbal Patient NP in the middle construction in Mandarin Chinese is derived from the base- generated or NP- movement. In the thesis, we argue that middle constructions can be formed either by the base- generation of Patient NP in the subject position or by the A- movement of that NP to the grammatical subject position, depending on the type of middle voice a given construction belongs to. However, as a non- prototypical middle type, the middle- passive construction at issue is demonstrated within the Minimalist framework as formed by the A- movement of Patient NP as early as possible at Surface- structure. Second, our analysis also supports Li & Thompson’s (1994) viewpoint that there is no such a syntactic category as middle verb and that its interpretation when used with one argument is entirely a matter of semantic and pragmatic constraints. We confirm this position by analyzing that the middle- passive construction is motivated by the preexisting semantic/pragmatic condition of the unidentifiability on Agent role which can not project into syntax. In the end, our analysis subverts the views of Ackema and Schoorlemmer (1995) and Authier and Reed (1996) that middle formation is not necessarily homogeneous by arguing instead that middle formation may vary from type to type but the formation of a specific type, e.g., the middle- passive construction in our case, ought to share certain cross-linguistic similarities.
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SMÉKALOVÁ, Jana. "Kontrastivní analýza vyjadřování impersonality v češtině a španělštině." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-112249.
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This diploma thesis is focused on the ways of expressing impersonality in Czech and Spanish language. The main aim of this thesis is to capture and compare the amount and possibilities of expressing the impersonality in both languages. The author also focuses on the description of the deagentive constructions followed by analysis of these constructions in authentic texts. The results of the research were achieved with the help of specialised literature, original Czech and Spanish texts which form the base for the comparative analysis.
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"Prolongational Signaling in Semantic and Syntactic Context: Three Mod7 Analyses." Texas Christian University, 2007. http://etd.tcu.edu/etdfiles/available/etd-05102007-093345/.
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Haoxiang, Liao, and 廖灝翔. "The syntactic structure, the semantic analyses and the pedagogical grammar of the Mandarin word "xiang4"." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17761334570510569243.
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