Academic literature on the topic 'Syntagmatic aspect of the meaning of a word'
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Journal articles on the topic "Syntagmatic aspect of the meaning of a word"
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Gabrovšek, Dušan. "Connotation, Semantic Prosody, Syntagmatic Associative Meaning: Three Levels of Meaning?" ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 4, no. 1-2 (2007): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.4.1-2.9-28.
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The paper discusses associative meaning, i.e. one existing over and above the customary denotation, specifically the type arising from a text segment larger than a single word. The idea is of fairly recent origin, focuses on negative and positive semantic effects, and stems from corpus-based findings. Dictionaries are uneven in their treatment of this aspect of meaning. It is suggested that research on this complex phenomenon of associative meaning might be conducted on any of three levels: single-word items (connotation), multiword items (semantic prosody), and broader if vaguer co(n)text (syntagmatic meaning).
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Ponomaryova, Liliya. "Semantic Restrictions of Forming Derivative Nouns in the Class of the Process Verbs." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 70 (June 2016): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.70.37.
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Studying structural, phono-morphological, semantic, stylistic, word-forming and lexical conformities regulating syntagmatic connections in word-formation, requires studying system restrictions of the word-forming morphemes combinability, predetermined by the meaning of a word sign as well. The aim of the article is to identify semantic restrictions and those close to them in forming deverbative nouns from the process verbs. It was defined that such kinds of restrictions as semantic, semantic-pragmatic, semantic-stylistic, lexical and structural-morphological can counteract the possibility of the process verbs to take part in derivation processes. Semantic restrictions are located at the level of syntagmatic, differentiating semes and the abstract subcategoric seme “becoming”. Aspect semes don’t influence the possibility of the process verbs to take part in the word formation processes. Semantic restrictions can be predetermined both by the presence and by the absence of definite semes in a semantic structure of a word.
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Kuleshova, Lyudmila, and Nadiia Stepanenko. "Syntagmatic relations in gastronomisms semantics (on the material of Internet culinary sites)." Philological Review, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2415-8828.1.2022.257938.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to the linguistic semantic characteristics of gastronomisms on the materials of culinary sites on the Internet. In the linguistic picture of the world, one of its most important parts is associated with food and human nutrition as a necessary and essential aspect of life. In the structure of this semantic field, a number of lexico-semantic groups can be distinguished. Among them, a special place is occupied by the names of culinary products, dishes used for food, which constitute the main content of the language of the culinary tradition. It is advisable to designate such names with the term «gastronomisms». The syntagmatic connections within them are of interest, that is, the compatibility of words within complex names of dishes. Purpose. The objective of the paper is to describe and systematize the ways of syntagmatic linking of words in the names of dishes on Internet culinary sites as the basis for their semantic characteristics. Results. The article shows that an important aspect of gastronomisms semantics is the syntagmatic relations in complex names, based on lexical and grammatical meanings of their components. The article identifies three types of compatibility of language units in gastronomisms: 1) by components of meanings; 2) by denotations, which are indicated by language units; 3) by grammatical meanings (syntactic positions). The components of meanings combine generic names of culinary products and names with additional food and non-food meanings, as well as generic names and proper names, which are foreign borrowings, toponyms and anthroponyms. By their denotations, the complex gastronomisms connect, as a rule, the denotative meanings of dishes and their food and non-food properties, dishes and their parts, as well as the ways and methods of their preparation, their purpose and functions. Finally, according to grammatical meanings, one can connect the grammatical subject and its attributes – simple and complex. The special kind of connections is that which contains the detailed subject, which is formed by the generic name of a dish and its proper name. Conclusion. The study gave grounds for the conclusion that an important aspect of the semantics of gastronomisms is syntagmatic relations in complex names based on the lexical and grammatical meanings of their components. Keywords: gastronomisms, culinary sites, semantics, syntagmatic relations, lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, denotation.
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Kudryavceva, Ekaterina Aleksandrovna. "Diary texts of V. D. Kasyanov in the aspect of diachronic study of word collocations." Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 17, no. 2 (2024): 490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20240070.
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The research objective is to identify semantic shifts that occurred in word collocations, documented in the diaries of archpriest V. D. Kasyanov, and the nature of changes in collocability of certain prepositional-case forms. The scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying semantic changes that occurred over a century and a half and were not reflected in lexicographical sources, revealed through the analysis of word syntagmatic relationships. Additionally, for the first time, the collocational possibilities of some words and prepositional-case forms in the modern Russian language are compared with those in the 19th-century language. The study identified lexemes that have non-standard collocability according to contemporary Russian standards, indicating the presence of components in their meaning that were subsequently lost, corroborated by data from the National Corpus of the Russian Language. For some words, semantic shifts lead to a complete loss of lexical-syntactic expression of semantic valency or show a tendency towards such loss. The analysis also revealed that modern case forms "по + Dative case" and "от + Genitive case" demonstrate a more limited collocability compared to the 19th-century language.
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Skliarenko, Olesia. "Semantic Structure of Concept «Macht» in German Cultural Studies: Psycholinguistic Aspect." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 24, no. 2 (2018): 292–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2018-24-2-292-305.
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The article reveals some peculiarities of semantic structure of concept «MACHT» functioning in German cultural studies. The analyses of lexicographic objectification of the name of the concept «MACHT» has been done, which points to some peculiarities chain in conceptual way of thinking of the studied mental unit in German cultural studies. The given facts let us suggest, that the model of composites forming with derivative element– macht are productive for German lingual environment and point to their semantic actuality and high recurrence of the given mental unit in conceptual world picture. Lexical and semantic connections of concept verbalizator «MACHT» of the lexem «Macht», which were analyzed in the proposed article point to the polisemantic structure of the actual word. Collocational analyses has shown, that semantic peculiarities of function of concept «MACHT» are actually in the word, which is its name - «Macht» and are mostly used in connection with attributes and predicates. The collocation quantity with the lexemes proves that there are some actual language collocations, where the analyzed lexeme is used in communicative area. It was established, that among the main verbalizators of the concept «MACHT» phraseological units are rather wide spread. These phraseological units objectivize all maim concept slots, such as «Action», «Object of Power» and «Subject of Power». Besides we have come to conclusion that research of individual word meaning taking into consideration some association words gives the possibility not only to establish the fact of word meaning change but also to analyze the change of individual world picture of German speaking society and give some predictions about negative changes on German political stage.
 As a conclusion we may say, that the proposed study establishes, that through semantic, paradigmatic, syntagmatic and phraseological collocations of the concept lexeme «Macht» the whole chain of cognitive characteristics of the mental unit may be actualized. They point to the fact, that these mental units are relevant in German world picture and in the same way of the complete German nation.
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Золян, С. Т. "Слово как смыслопорождающая модель". Иностранные языки в высшей школе, № 4(71) (11 лютого 2025): 6–16. https://doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2024.71.4.001.
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В статье получает развитие положение о том, что источником смыслообразования является не лексикон, а обусловленное контекстом взаимодействие между контекстом и лексическим значением слова. Возникает вопрос: можно ли распространить это положение на так называемое бесконтекстное употребление слова? Соответственно, требуется уяснить, каков статус собственно лексического значения и что служит источником его порождения. Показано, что слово в силу своей семиотической гетерогенности воздействует на самого себя. Можно выделить такие аспекты, как: 1) слово-означающее; 2) слово в определенном значении; 3) собственно смысл слова или означаемое; 4) слово как операция соотнесения означающего со смыслом; 5) слово как модель его сочетаемостных связей — отношения к возможным контекстам. В зависимости от того, какой аспект слова считать от чего зависящим, можно задать различные соотношения, в том числе обратные функции, в результате чего порождаются и изолированное от контекста слово, и изолированный от слова смысл. Такие преобразования слова являются особыми конкретизациями задания лексического смысла как функции от текста и контекста, что соответствует различным аспектам: слово в системе языка, слово в контексте, словарное значение, слово как семантическая микросистема и т. д. Стабильным оказывается означающее, что создает возможность рассмотрения как самих операций, так и их операндов и операторов как лексико-семантического единства. We intend to develop the idea that the source of meaning-making is not a lexicon but the context-conditioned interaction between contexts and lexical meanings. Is it possible to extend this vision to the so-called contextless use of a word? Accordingly, it is necessary to clarify the status of a proper lexical meaning and the ground for its production. We have demonstrated that a word may interact with itself by its semiotic heterogeneity. It is possible to distinguish such aspects as: 1) word as a signifier; 2) a word with a specific meaning; 3) the general meaning of the word itself, or the signified; 4) a word as an operation of correlating the signifier with some meaning; 5) a word is a model of its syntagmatic connections, i.e., the relation to its possible contexts. Depending on which aspect of the word is to rely on what, it is possible to set various relations, including inverse functions, as a result of which both a word isolated from the context and a meaning isolated from the word may be generated. Such different inversions of a word are different concretizations of the definition of linguistic meaning as a function of the text and the context; this corresponds to various aspects: the word in the language system, the word in the context, the dictionary meaning, the word as a semantic microsystem, etc. The signifier turns out to be stable; this makes it possible to consider both the operations themselves and their operands and operators as a lexical-semantic unity.
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Alsonaidi, Mohammad. "The Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Dimensions in Abi Tammams Poem (A Allah Inee Khalidunn Ba d Khalidinn)." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Language Sciences and Literature, no. 33 (June 20, 2024): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/ll27918368.
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The syntagmatic dimension of speech is based on the speaker selecting a unit from a list of available units, thereby preferring one over the others and uttering it. In Abi Tammam Al-Dalia's poem, where he lamented Khaled Al-Shaibani, he chose words that are synonymous or share the intended meaning. He used words of destruction: death and killing, and words of illumination: the lamp, the star, and the crescent. He selected the snake and the lion from attacking animals and the sword and the spear from weapons. It appeared that the attributes controlling the animals also controlled the weapons. Collocation influenced word choice. The initiation in the syntagmatic dimension was organized around the name of the lamented (Khaled), which the poet passed on to the one who was immortalized after him. He established rhymes, and these rhymes have a morphological outcome; the end of the plural and the subject's noun had an abundant share. In the poem, the rhyme connects with one of the units of the line of poetry, as if it foretells its place before its arrival. This connection tends towards aspects of sound, meaning, or previous juxtaposition, and it has been acknowledged in criticism and rhetoric. The two close elements from the poem's era with the arts of these connections are: counterpart observance, export, contrast, and connections.
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Artemova, Vera, and Mariya Dmitrieva. "The Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic of the Adjective in Swiss German." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 4 (56) (January 26, 2022): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2021-56-4-155-162.
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This paper examines mechanisms found in verbal fixation of the national specifics of the Swiss German language based on a categorical-grammatical group of adjectives related to a wide association of signified words. The objects of the analysis are adjectives collected from lexicographic sources as well as
 journalistic and artistic texts by the continuous sampling method.
 The main attention is paid to the features of the qualitative composition and semantic valence compatibility of segmental root and non-root derivational morphemes within the two main word-formation models of adjectives that are
 characteristic of the modern German language in its synchronous state, they are derivatives and composites. The functioning of adjectives in phraseological units
 is also analyzed. This group consists mainly of single-morpheme root lexemes. Phraseological units used as a research material allows us to more fully represent the functional potential of adjectives in the linguistic and cultural aspect.
 The study concludes that in Swiss German, compared to the German language, root morphemes and postfixes more widely realize their potential of mutual compatibility, which leads to an enrichment of paradigmatic meanings and reveals additional discursive and pragmatic adjective values of Swiss German.
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Zhalmakhanov, Sh Sh, and G. K. Zhilkibaу. "Etymological Studies of Common Turkic Etymons «bad», «kob»." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 124, no. 2 (2022): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2022-2/2664-0686.01.
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Many lexical units of the language and their meanings need etymological analysis in relation to the origin and history of certain words. Etymology as a branch of lexicology explores the theoretical foundations and methodological improvement of the analysis. In order to find out the purpose of determining the origin and history of a certain word or words, it is necessary to find out: the primary meaning of some words, and in other words secondary, i.e. derived meanings, in third lexemes, the meaning of lexical phraseological phrases, in winged expressions, sayings and proverbs, as a result of collecting and analyzing materials and draw certain conclusions. The setting of such goals and objectives has existed since the formation of the science of language. Because the origin and history of words and their meanings interested the population for practical purposes, and scientists for scientific purposes. The main object of the research is the history of the semantics of words, so the article uses such techniques and methods as diachrony-synchrony, analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, component and complex analysis of the retrospective method. The article takes into account all lexical, stylistic and grammatical meanings, grammatical forms in the form of root and derived morphemes, as well as semantics in the composition of lexical and stable word combinations of the common Turkic root words «hob», «bad». The analyses werecarried out and covered the linguistic materials of the Turkic written monuments and modern Turkic languages. Etymological analyses of the etymons «hob», «bad» are theoretically based on the 5 principles of etymological theory developed by us: word semantics – semantic derivation – derivational process – types of reconstruction and semantic reconstruction – comparative bases of word etymology. Etymological analysis of the words «hob», «bad» is carried out at the phonemic, morphemic, lexemic and syntagmatic levels, i.e. it is subjected to a comprehensive analysis. As a result of comprehensive consideration of the Turkic etymon «ot» in aspects of the semantics of root words, derived words semantics and the semantics of the complex words we can conclude that archiseme of the etymon «hob» – value is «hollow, convex», that archisemes of the etymon «bad»: in the Turkic languages «face», in Arabic «desert, thirst», in persian «bad».
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Kostryba, Olha. "Word-forming semantics of nouns in denumerative word formation." Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Philology", no. 91 (December 30, 2022): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2227-1864-2022-91-11.
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The relevance of the study is determined by the need to take into account the principle aspect in the analysis of the the word-forming system of the modern Ukrainian language. Scientific works testify that the derivatives motivated by noun-, adjective-, and verb-forming bases, which represent the core parts of the language, are considered for the most part. The purpose of the article is to establish the word-forming semantics of denumeratives – derived nouns grouped according to the nesting principle with vertex numerals belonging to the periphery of the forming base, find out the types of derivation and models of creation. The analysis was carried out using the structural-semantic method in combination with the use of lexical-semantic transformations. The onomasiological aspect involves the interaction of a simple motivational base, which is represented by adjectives, nouns, numerals, and verbs, and word-forming means; hence, thirteen word-forming meanings have been established, the carriers of which are simple substantives. The word-forming semantics of compound two- and three-base nouns, motivated by word combinations with subordinating and singly consecutive types of connection, have been determined; the number of word-forming meanings of complex formations is six. The nature of the correlation of the semantics of the formed word with the word-forming means was analyzed, particularly in syntagmatic word-forming meanings complicated by subcategorization and recategorization content, thus the types of derivation of word-forming meanings were established – mutational, modificational, and transpositional. Within each of the nineteen semantic positions of derivative substantives, one hundred and twenty-nine word-forming models were identified, presented in a descending order of their performance. The interpretation of the noun as a part of speech block in denumerative word formation contributes to the identification of the derivational capacity of the numerals of the modern Ukrainian language, complements the achievements of the principle derivation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Syntagmatic aspect of the meaning of a word"
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Symonds, Michael J. "A tensor encoding model of word meaning : theory and application to information retrieval." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/60567/1/Michael_Symonds_Thesis.pdf.
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This project was a step forward in developing and evaluating a novel, mathematical model that can deduce the meaning of words based on their use in language. This model can be applied to a wide range of natural language applications, including the information seeking process most of us undertake on a daily basis.
Books on the topic "Syntagmatic aspect of the meaning of a word"
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Bavaeva, Ol'ga. Metaphorical parallels of the neutral nomination "man" in modern English. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1858259.
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The monograph is devoted to a multidimensional analysis of metaphor in modern English as a parallel nomination that exists along with a neutral equivalent denoting a person. The problem of determining the essence of metaphorical names and their role in the language has attracted the attention of many foreign and domestic linguists on the material of various languages, but until now the fact of the parallel existence of metaphors and neutral nominations has not been emphasized.
 The research is in line with modern problems of linguistics related to the relationship of language, thinking and reflection of the surrounding reality. All these problems are integrated and resolved within the framework of linguistic semantics, in particular in the semantics of metaphor. Multilevel study of language material based on semantic, component, etymological analysis methods contributed to a systematic and comprehensive description of this most important part of the lexical system of the English language.
 Metaphorical parallels are considered as the result of the interaction of three complexes, which allows us to identify their associative-figurative base, as well as the types of metaphorical parallels, depending on the nature of the connection between direct and figurative meaning. Based on the analysis of various human character traits and behavior that evoke associations with animals, birds, objects, zoomorphic, artifact, somatic, floral and anthropomorphic metaphorical parallels of the neutral nomination "man" are distinguished. The social aspect of metaphorical parallels is also investigated as a reflection of gender, status and age characteristics of a person.
 It can be used in the training of philologists and translators when reading theoretical courses on lexicology, stylistics, word formation of the English language, as well as in practical classes, in lexicographic practice.
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Word and meaning in ancient Alexandria: Theories of language from Philo to Plotinus. Ashgate, 2008.
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Levin, Frank S. The Nature of Science. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808275.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 begins with a broad definition of science and then describes in detail how it functions. Of prime importance is that science is strictly concerned with natural phenomena, explanations of which must be based solely on nature. The need for testing is emphasized. The four elements common to all science are specified: facts, hypotheses, laws, and theories. Data do not become facts until the experimental results are verified, while even so-called facts are seen initially to be provisional because they can be wrong, examples of which are presented. Laws are identified as empirically based. The “if, then” aspect of hypotheses is illustrated by four examples, and it is shown how a hypothesis can become a theory. Special attention is focused on the word theory, whose scientific meaning is so different from its everyday usage. To help clarify this, two similar scientific definitions of theory are presented.
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Dworkin, Steven N. A Guide to Old Spanish. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199687312.001.0001.
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This book describes the linguistic structures that constitute Medieval or Old Spanish as preserved in texts written prior to the beginning of the sixteenth century. It emphasizes those structures that contrast with the modern standard language. Chapter 1 presents methodological issues raised by the study of a language preserved only in written sources. Chapter 2 examines questions involved in reconstructing the sound system of Old Spanish before discussing relevant phonetic and phonological details. The chapter ends with an overview of Old Spanish spelling practices. Chapter 3 presents in some detail the nominal, verbal, and pronominal morphology of the language, with attention to regional variants. Chapter 4 describes selected syntactic structures, with emphasis on the noun phrase, verb phrase, object pronoun placement, subject-verb-object word order, verb tense, aspect, and mood. Chapter 5 begins with an extensive list of Old Spanish nouns, adjectives, verbs, and function words that have not survived into the modern standard language. It then presents examples of coexisting variants (doublets) and changes of meaning, and finishes with an overview of the creation of neologisms in the medieval language through derivational morphology (prefixation, suffixation, compounding). The book concludes with an anthology composed of three extracts from Spanish prose texts, one each from the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries. The extracts contain footnotes that highlight relevant morphological, syntactic, and lexical features, with cross references to the relevant sections in the body of the book.
Book chapters on the topic "Syntagmatic aspect of the meaning of a word"
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Shimada, Go. "Kaizen: Why is It so Difficult to Understand?" In The Semantics of Development in Asia. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1215-1_3.
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AbstractMuch existing research demonstrates the effectiveness of introducing kaizen to developing countries. The Japanese word “kaizen” is commonly translated into English as “continuous improvement” or simply “improvement.” However, its literal translation obscures important connotations that are difficult to translate. This chapter discusses the meaning of kaizen and why this seemingly simple term is challenging to comprehend not only for non-native speakers but also for Japanese readers. This chapter identified three reasons why kaizen is challenging to understand. First, there are two different origins of kaizen. One focuses on quality and productivity, and the other focuses on worker protection. In many cases, people often mix these two and make it difficult to understand. Second, the worker protection aspect of kaizen cannot be transferred directly to other countries as the management–labor relationship is different. Third, as the nature of kaizen is context specific, the entire logic is difficult to grasp. Improving the living standard of developing countries may require supplementing the implementation of the kaizen with additional assistance focused on safeguarding the well-being of workers.
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Celle, Agnès. "Aspect, modality, interrogativity." In Beyond Aspectual Semantics. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849311.003.0003.
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Abstract This chapter investigates the meaning of aller (‘go’) and venir (de) (‘come’ (‘to’)) + infinitive in qu’est-ce que questions in French. It is contended that the aspecto-temporal meaning of these periphrases is associated with information-seeking questions, self-addressed questions, and rhetorical questions, i.e. questions where the wh-word is referential. In contrast, the ‘extraordinary’ meaning Damourette and Pichon (1911) is reported to derive from the original motional meaning of these verbs, which contributes to shaping the aspecto-modal contour of an unexpected eventuality. It is further argued that this modal meaning is found in surprise questions, which are analysed as biased questions. Surprise questions convey a judgement of incongruity (Kay and Fillmore 1999) that sets them apart from rhetorical questions. A distinctive feature of these questions is the semantic shift undergone by the interrogative word, which cannot be interpreted referentially.
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Gatkowska, Izabela. "Powiązania syntagmatyczne w sieciach leksykalnych na przykładzie leksemu matka." In JĘZYK POLSKI – MIĘDZY TRADYCJĄ A WSPÓŁCZESNOŚCIĄ. Księga jubileuszowa z okazji stulecia Towarzystwa Miłośników Języka Polskiego. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego w Krakowie, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/9788380846258.6.
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Syntagmatic connections in lexical networks on the example of the mother lexeme Summary The article presents two lexical networks, the first of which is an experimental lexical network, which was created as a result of a cyclically conducted test on a group of 900 participants. This network uses the human associative mechanism. The second network was built using the Word-to-Vector algorithm. The syntagmatic links describe the meaning of the lexeme well. The article describes how the two networks represent the meaning of the mother lexeme. This particular example shows well the differences between sets of words obtained in different ways, i.e. with the use of the human associative mechanism – an experimental lexical network and a well-built algorithm. The experimental lexical network contains rich emotional characteristics of the mother lexeme, i.e. syntagmatic connections, which is fundamentally different from the set of words generated for the mother lexeme by the W2Vec algorithm.
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McGilvray, James. "Chomsky on the Creative Aspect of Language Use and Its Implications for Lexical Semantic Studies." In The Language of Word Meaning. Cambridge University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511896316.004.
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Kapatsinski, Vsevolod. "Learning Paradigmatic Structure." In Changing Minds Changing Tools. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037860.003.0008.
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This chapter reviews research on the acquisition of paradigmatic structure (including research on canonical antonyms, morphological paradigms, associative inference, grammatical gender and noun classes). It discusses the second-order schema hypothesis, which views paradigmatic structure as mappings between constructions. New evidence from miniature artificial language learning of morphology is reported, which suggests that paradigmatic mappings involve paradigmatic associations between corresponding structures as well as an operation, copying an activated representation into the production plan. Producing a novel form of a known word is argued to involve selecting a prosodic template and filling it out with segmental material using form-meaning connections, syntagmatic and paradigmatic form-form connections and copying, which is itself an outcome cued by both semantics and phonology.
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Cartmill, Erica A., Benjamin F. Armstrong, Lila R. Gleitman, Susan Goldin-Meadow, Tamara Nicol Medina, and John C. Trueswell. "Quality of Early Parent Input Predicts Child Vocabulary 3 Years Later." In Sentence First, Arguments Afterward. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199828098.003.0017.
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Children greatly vary in the number of words they know when they enter school, a major factor influencing subsequent school and workplace success. This variability is partially explained by the differential quantity of parental speech to preschoolers. However, the contexts in which young learners hear new words are also likely to vary in referential transparency; that is, in how clearly word meaning can be inferred from the immediate extralinguistic contexts, an aspect of input quality. To examine this aspect, we asked 218 adult participants to guess 50 parents’ words from (muted) videos of their interactions with 14- to 18-mo-old children. We found systematic differences in how easily individual parents’ words could by identified purely from this socio-visual context. Differences in this kind of input quality correlated with the size of the children's vocabulary 3 years later, even after controlling for input quantity. Although input quantity differed as a function of socio-economic status, input quality (as here measured) did not, suggesting that the quality of nonverbal cues to word meaning that parents offer to their children is an individual matter, widely distributed across the population of parents.
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Аврамова, Цветанка. "On some Disputable Issues Related to the Defining of Derivational Transposition." In Języki słowiańskie dziś: w kręgu kategorii, struktur i procesów. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2021. https://doi.org/10.18778/8220-635-7.02.
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This article focuses on some disputable issues related to the defining of derivational transposition in a narrow sense (i.e. syntactic derivation). The study questions the requirement for identity between the lexical meaning of the derivative and the generative word. It also examines which level the analysed phenomenon refers to – the level of onomasiological categories, derivational modes or derivational meaning. The article draws attention to the fact that even authors proceeding from the same theoretical foundations refer to different types of derivatives as cases of transposition. All these observations indicate the necessity of re-evaluating the semantic aspect of the existing definition of transposition.
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Macaulay, Ronald. "Semantics." In The Social Art. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195187960.003.0009.
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Abstract The most important aspect of language is meaning, which is mainly studied under the heading semantics. It is the most important because all linguistic communication depends upon some common understanding of what is being said. For the most part we take it for granted that other people who speak the language understand an utterance in the way we do. This assumption is most dangerous in talking with children. Just because a child uses a word adults can identify as one in their own vocabulary, it does not follow that the word has the same meaning for both adult and child. In fact, it would be truer to say that words never have exactly the same meaning for adults and for young children, because words take part of their meaning from their relationship to other words, and when the child knows only a few, those words are likely to have a wider meaning than they do for adults. One girl used the word papa to refer not only to her father but also to her grandfather and her mother, and later to any man. Children often use the word doggie to refer to a wide range of animals. Partly this is because children usually begin by learning words that are neither very specific nor very general. For example, a child is much more likely to learn the word dog than the more specific poodle or the more general term animal, even though dog may be used with the general sense of animal and the only dog that the child knows is a poodle. As children learn more words, they become able to distinguish verbally between dogs and cats or horses and thus show that they know the difference between them.
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Stojnić, Una, and Ernie Lepore. "Introduction." In Inflammatory Language. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198920458.003.0001.
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Abstract Within the class of pejoratives, slurs are particularly inflammatory. They derogate purely on the basis of group membership (e.g., on the basis of race, ethnicity, origin, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or ideology). This chapter introduces the book’s main topic: What is the source and nature of slurs’ characteristic offensive sting? The chapter briefly surveys the main extant accounts that by and large aim to locate the offensive sting in some aspect of a slur’s meaning, or, less frequently, in another feature of a slur word, such as its taboo status or its pejorative tone. The chapter considers some preliminary theoretical questions, including what makes an expression a slur, and gives a preliminary characterization of the desiderata for a successful account of slurs. Finally, it foreshadows some considerations which will ultimately lead the authors to their conclusion that neither what makes a word a slur, nor what constitutes its offensive sting has much to do with its meaning, or even language.
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Keller, Rudi. "Basic Techniques of Interpretation." In A Theory of Linguistic Signs. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198237334.003.0009.
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Abstract Considered in their communicative aspect, signs are, as we have seen, an aid for inferring something not directly perceptible from something that is. This is as seen from the perspective of their interpreter. From the perspective of the speaker (in the widest sense of the word), signs are a pattern for the production of perceptible things, things given to the interpreters to bring them to infer the way in which the speaker intends to influence them. The ability to interpret is primary. The ability to communicate makes systematic use of the ability to interpret. The communicating person exploits the interpretive ability of the addressee for his or her, the speaker’s, own gain.’ Interpretation is (among other things) making inferences on the basis of systematic, or supposedly systematic, connections. In deciding to call meaning that which makes the interpretation of signs possible, we do nothing other than call meaning exactly that which serves the interpreters as the basis for their inferences. Thus we will view meaning as the systematic connections by virtue of which signs are interpretable.
Conference papers on the topic "Syntagmatic aspect of the meaning of a word"
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Ogoltseva, Ekaterina V. "Derived word with figurative-comparative meaning as an object of lexicographic description." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-96.
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The creation of a dictionary of figurative derived vocabulary of the Russian language is an urgent practical task, primarily in the aspect of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The basis of the vocabulary should be made up of adjectives, adverbs and verbs with an internal form recognized by modern native speakers – derivatives with a comparative derivational meaning.
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Riazanova, Valeria A. "SEMANTIC ASPECT OF THE VOCABULARY DESCRIPTION OF ABBREVIATIONS." In Проблемы языка: взгляд молодых учёных. Институт языкознания РАН, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/978-5-6049527-1-9-8.
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The article deals with the problem of representing the semantic characteristics of abbreviations in specialized dictionaries of abbreviations. Using material of specialized dictionaries it has been established that the semantics of abbreviations is almost never described in dictionary entries. This is due to the idea that in order to understand the meaning of an abbreviation it is enough to indicate the collocation motivationally associated with it, i.e. to carry out the so-called decoding. The need for a full-fledged interpretation of abbreviations is conditioned by the semantic features of abbreviations as independent language units. We identify the limited scope of the use of abbreviations; idiomatic meaning of abbreviations; possibility of homonymic relations, which should be distinguished from cases of polysemy; multiple meanings of abbreviations, which may in some cases lead to multiple structural interpretation of abbreviation. The article also studies the means of realization of a multidimensional semantic and word-formation vocabulary description of abbreviations.
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PETROVA, N. E. "SEMANTICS OF IMPOSSIBILITY IN THE ASPECT OF CATEGORIES OF INTENSIFICATION AND EVALUATION." In СЛОВО, ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЕ, ТЕКСТ В КОГНИТИВНОМ, ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКОМ И КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ АСПЕКТАХ. Chelyabinsk State University Publishing House, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/9785727119631_211.
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Using the example of the adjectives inexpressible and incomprehensible, the article examines the connection between the modal semantics of impossibility and the functions of the intensifier and evaluative word. The modality of the impossibility of important human cognitive actions determines the connection of the inexpressible and incomprehensible characteristics with the concept of the norm. What cannot be expressed or comprehended is interpreted as a deviation from the norm, therefore, in combination with nouns denoting a gradable attribute, these adjectives act as intensifiers. Both intensifying adjectives are combined with nominations of both positively and negatively assessed features, phenomena, and states. Among the nouns to which the adjective inexpressible gravitates, there are more those that denote temporary signs and states that, as a rule, have external manifestations. The adjective incomprehensible tends to be combined with nominations of such qualities that may have a timeless, hidden character. It also has the function of intensifying quantitative, including dimensional, characteristics. The semantics of impossibility has no direct connection with the category of evaluation, but the context can “guide” the evaluative meaning to the adjectives in question. It is shown that the function of evaluative nomination is more characteristic of the adjective incomprehensible, which is explained by the influence of the motivating verb: the inability to comprehend the logic of something causes surprise, associated with positive or negative emotions. The evaluative semantics of both adjectives is ambivalent in nature and is determined by their contextual connections and the general meaning of the sentence.
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Sokolovsky, Ivan R. "Studying the history of Russian trade in Siberia in the 17th century through the prism of digital history: thematic aspect." In Торговля, купечество и таможенное дело в России в XVI–XX веках. ИПЦ НГУ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/tktdr-35-2023-05.
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The article discusses such a necessary stage of research as the formation of a research program. It is obvious that over time, more and more different kinds of electronic copies of documents of the 17th century will appear. Currently, researchers approach this rapidly growing electronic corpus of sources from a traditional position. In contrast to this, we propose an “objectivist” approach, based on the vocabulary used in a particular source. A dictionary of non-lemmatized (i.e. not reduced to a single meaning) word forms is easy to obtain by using a script written in any programming language. The advantages and disadvantages of this technique are considered. Another approach may be the formation of databases, for which the creation of a dictionary of non-lemmatized word forms will be only an intermediate stage.
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ABDUKADYROVA, T. T., and T. A. TSUTSASHVILI. "THE ROLE OF LINGUISTIC ASPECT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION." In The main issues of linguistics, lingvodidactics and intercultural communications. Astrakhan State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/978-5-9926-1237-0-009-014.
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The purpose of this article is a scientific understanding of the methodological and theoretical problems of the linguistic aspect in intercultural communication. The importance of this article is due to the fact that the focus is on the study of linguistic aspects that can affect communication between native speakers of different languages. The linguistic aspect is not limited to identifying semantic features of words in different languages. It also covers the comparison of various communicative situations, ways of dividing the world by language means, and the comparison of speech behavior of representatives of different cultures. The result of the research is the conclusion that the language aspect of intercultural communication should focus not on finding "equivalents", but on studying extralinguistic differences, taking into account that concepts in two different languages may differ. The "meaning" of a word is the thread that connects the language world with the world of reality for the speaker.
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Lomidze, Tamar. "Philosophy and Poetry (Fichte and Baratashvili)." In XII Congress of the ICLA. Georgian Comparative Literature Association, 2025. https://doi.org/10.62119/icla.3.8953.
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As a result of the semantic research carried out in the 20th century, it was found that `me' is an undefined word. Namely, the author of the original semantic theory, A. Wierzbicka aimed to identify those semantic units (`primitives') which are in themselves unexplained (intuitively clear meaning) and through which any word or expression can be defined. One such `primitive' is `me'. Thus, the semantics of `I' cannot be explained through other words (of course, here we mean psychological, philosophical, etc. explanations), i.e. It has a clear meaning in itself – ``I am me'' or ``I am me''. But ``I am I'' is the first (of three) basic provisions of that philosophical concept, which, V. According to Schlegel, it gave impetus to the origin of romanticism. We refer to Johann Gottlieb Fichte's ``General Doctrine of Science''. This provision of Fichte's theoretical system means the selfidentity of `I' in the logical aspect, and in the semantic aspect (although the philosopher will not ask this question) – that `I' is an indefinable concept. Fichte's concept of personality, which found expression in romanticism, is already meant here. According to this statement, the logical center of the universe is `I', that is, the universe is logically based in `I', as a `subject'. As a result of a special analysis, the article concludes that the poetic image of `I' in the poetry of Georgian romanticists (and, especially, N.Baratashvili) was formed in accordance with the same principles that were the basis for the development of the concept of `I' in Fichte's philosophical system.
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Yanko, T. E. "RUSSIAN ADVERB DAVNO ‚LONG AGO, FOR A LONG TIME‘ REVISITED FROM A CORPUS PERSPECTIVE." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-773-783.
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During the last twenty years, the Russian adverb davno ‘long ago, for a long time’ was widely discussed in literature. It was recognized that the unique parameter of davno is its inability to be the theme of a sentence. Moreover, if davno functions in the context of aspectual forms relating to the past it can only be the rheme. In the context of the aspectual verbal forms relating to the past but preserving the connection with the moment of speech, davno can be either the rheme proper, or a component of the rheme. A classic example of an aspectual verb form referring to the past is the general factual meaning of the imperfective aspect. At present, the spoken data corpora can shed light on the communicative structure analysis, since the prosodic structure of the sound speech provides a straightforward access to the communicative structure. Novel parameters of davno are as follows. 1) Whereas davno is traditionally recognized as a word of rhematic polarity it can nevertheless function as a component of the theme in the context of attributive clauses and constructions (Davno soglasovannyj visit dolzhen byl sostojatjsja v aprele ‘A visit planned long ago would take place in April’). 2) The general factual meaning of the imperfective aspect, contrary to what was assumed before, is not an absolute prerequisite for davno to function as the rheme. The spoken corpus showed that in the context of negation and in the context of the verbs of speech, the general factual allows for davno to function as a component of the rheme but not the rheme proper (Ja davno tebja ne videl ‘I have not been seeing you for a long time’; My davno govorili, chto nasha zadacha — eto borjba s terrorismom ‘We have been insisting for a long time that our main goal is the struggle against terrorism’). 3) A specific type of questions with the initial davno (as well as with other adverbs with the meaning of a considerable quantity like chasto ‘often’, mnogo ‘much’, and daleko ‘far away’) is singled out. Such questions cannot be unambiguously classified either as yes-no-questions or as wh-questions (I davno vy zdesj stoite? ‘And how long are you staying here?’). A description of unique prosody of such questions is given. 4) In the context of discourse continuity, davno acquires the rising prosody which is in fact uncharacteristic of a word, which is unable be the theme (Xotel eto sdelat’ davno, no teperj sdelaju tochno ‘I wished to do it long ago, but now I will do it for sure’). The rising tone is accounted for by the meaning of continuity, which has the same prosody as the theme. 5) In constructions kogda-to davno ‘once upon a time’, ochenj davno ‘very long ago’, davno-davno ‘very long ago’, davnymdavno ‘very long ago’, dovoljno davno ‘quite long ago’, ne tak davno ‘not so long ago’ davno loses its rhematic polarity. The parameters of davno are exemplified by spoken fragments taken from the Multimodal corpus of the Russian National corpus, and the minor working collection of the Russian speech recordings specifically set up for this investigation. The software program Praat was used in the process of analyzing the sound data.
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MEHMETALI, Bekir. "THE SUBJECT BETWEEN SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS." In 2. IJHER-International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress2-8.
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The science of grammar is the basis on which the sciences of the Arabic language are based, and in which its fruits are manifested, it is the science that studies the structure and the sentence, and the single word has no value unless it is organized into a sentence or structure, and it has no useful meaning, and no eloquence if words and pictures are not combined in a useful sentence that exists on grammatical rules. The science of grammar studies the grammatical elements within the sentence, whether they are essential or preferred elements, including the subject, which is an essential pillar in the actual sentence, and has settled in the minds, and in grammatical rules that the subject is a raised noun that performs the known act or what takes its place, and by checking and scrutiny in language books it caught my attention. That the subject may not exist in the verb in terms of meaning and significance, and if it is raised, the known verb is attributed to it grammatically, and the noun may be active in the meaning and connotation despite the fact that the known verb or what took its place from a source and others are not ascribed to it grammatically, and this is a lot. This issue in this research is for the purpose of distinguishing between the grammatical subject and the semantic subject, and here lies the importance of the research, and the motive for it, based on what was mentioned in the books of the advanced and later grammarians of the Arabic language, citing the evidence they cited, analyzing them, commenting on them, and adding the Qur’an to them. Arabic poetry is old, and modern, striving as much as possible to clarify the rhetorical aspect of this issue; The research will be a modest contribution to the service of the Arabic language and scientific research, following the descriptive and analytical approaches. Key words: Grammar, Subject, Semantics, Arabic, Language.
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Monakhova, Elena, and Elena Yurieva. "Term-Phraseological Units in Professionally Oriented Texts: Semantic and Structural Peculiarities (On the Material of LSP Insurance)." In GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.4-5.
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Political and social transformations have led to changes in lexical systems of national languages, which respond vividly to the emergent needs of society. The loss by special lexical units (terms) of their terminological exclusiveness, and their transition into the sphere of general use, indicates human involvement in economic, political, social, and other spheres, and the human dependence on current processes. Owing to a constant and continuous exchange between language for general purposes and language for specific purposes, and one which is bidirectional, the transition of word combinations and phraseological units into the sphere of special use has culminated in a process of determinism. Here, terminological units, for instance, LSP units, have begun to become widely used in language for general purposes. The active penetration of phraseology into the professional sphere of communication has encouraged linguists to conduct respective work in this field. One such aspect of phraseological unit study is their functioning in professional spheres, whereby scientists widely consider and discuss the problem of origin and use of term-phraseological units. Considering the complex nature of phraseological phrases and the fact that, initially, these units belong to general literary language, these units have been labelled term-phraseological units, as they are used in a terminological context, and thus form a second, terminological meaning. Such a phenomenon emerges from the generality of laws, and the functioning of terminological and commonly used vocabulary, yet also by the desire to identify word-forming features of terminology. Therefore, we see a need to discuss the theoretical underpinnings of semantic processes that underlie the formation of terminological meaning in phraseological units, the identification of semantic-nominative features of phraseological terms, and their differences to phraseological units of language for general purposes. The paper focuses on the complexity of the mutual penetration and influence of terminological and phraseological systems of the English language. The paper reveals the current patterns in viewing language units across various fields of knowledge, and evidences the fact that insurance terms are gaining higher social significance, more so as a greater number of people are involving themselves in this field of activity.
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Yang, B., Y. Li, E. Ambah, and D. Elmo. "Definition Please – A Rock Engineering Dictionary." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0273.
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ABSTRACT: definition /def-i-ni-tion/ noun a statement of the meaning of a word, commonly found in a dictionary. Every discipline has its own language – domain specific terminology that allows practitioners to better understand the problem and communicate with one another. While some words and phrases are only found in one specific discipline, there are others that are found in a variety of related disciplines and subdisciplines. Examples in disciplines related and/or adjacent to rock engineering include the terms validation (which has differing definitions in machine learning compared to numerical modelling) and fines (which has differing definitions in soil mechanics compared to cave mining). Confusion may arise when these terms with differing discipline definitions are not defined in their specific context in the literature. Adding to this confusion is the misuse of certain terms in rock engineering, such as accuracy, precision, and quantifying. The goal of this paper is to clarify the definitions of rock engineering terms that are found in other related disciplines, as well as clarify the definitions of rock engineering specific terms. By providing this dictionary of rock engineering terms, we hope to standardize rock engineering vocabulary, allowing for clearer communication among practitioners and students. 1. INTRODUCTION For any rock engineers who competed in spelling bees in their childhood, the phrase "definition please" may ring a bell. During spelling bees, contestants are able to ask for the definition of a word ("definition please?") to help them spell it. While spelling bees are no longer an aspect of our lives after elementary school, asking for the definition of a word remains an important aspect of research and professional development. Every discipline has its own language – domain specific terminology that allows practitioners to understand the problem in greater detail and to better communicate with one another. Rock engineering language consists of its own terminology (such as rock mass rating or geological strength index) and terminology overlapping with other disciplines, such as with soil mechanics, statistics, and numerical modelling. Confusion may arise when terms are not defined in their specific context, especially those overlapping with other disciplines. This confusion is further exacerbated by the tendency of rock engineers to both misuse certain terminology (such as accuracy, precision, and quantity) and use others interchangeably when they do not have the same definition (such as imbalanced data/skewed data and calibration/validation). As a result, there is a clear need to clarify the definitions of certain rock engineering terms.
Reports on the topic "Syntagmatic aspect of the meaning of a word"
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Ripey, Mariya. NORMATIVE ASPECT OF USE OF NOUNS IN NEWSPAPER PUPLICATIONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11410.
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The article provides a study of the standard aspect of vocabulary usage in Ukrainian newspaper publications. The language quality in newspaper publications is an important and topical problem. The paper puts special emphasis on the language of the media which needs to be normative. The research is predetermined by the need to establish word meanings (based on the editorial practice), which is not specifically delineated in the reference literature, and to give variants of their proper usage. It is emphasized that the accuracy of word usage depends on the availability, aesthetic impact and effectiveness of newspaper publications. The research analyses proper usage of linguistic expressions in different publications of «DEN’», «DZERKALO TYZHNYA», «EXPRESS» newspapers, particularly the usage of nouns TENSION (napruha), DIFFERENCE (riznytsia), NUMBER (chyslo). Meanings of all these words are not explicitly delineated in the reference literature. There are a lot of doubts about the proper usage of these linguistic expressions in the editorial work. Certain Recommendations regarding the correct usage of researchable forms have been suggested. The analysis of defining dictionaries, translation dictionaries, thesaurus as well as other reference books, is based on the acquired editorial experience, that enables to define the meaning of the lexems TENSION (napruha), DIFFERENCE (riznytsia), NUMBER (chyslo) under the study and to suggest correct compliant forms to the selected examples of their usage in the publications of «DEN’», «DZERKALO TYZHNYA», «EXPRESS» newspapers (over 70 sentence constructions).