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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Syntatic structures'
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Phelps, James 1954. "Syntactic Structures in Functional Tonality." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500265/.
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Chapter I examines linguistic structures fundamental to most tasks of comprehension performed by humans. Chapter II proposes musical elements to be linguistic structures functioning within a musical symbol system (syntax). In this chapter, functional tonality is explored for systemic elements and relationships among these elements that facilitate tonal understanding. It is postulated that the listener's comprehension of these tonal elements is dependent on cognitive tasks performed by virtue of linguistic competence. Chapter III examines human information processing systems that are applicable both generally to human cognition and specifically to tonal comprehension. A pedagogy for listening skills that facilitate tonal comprehension is proposed in the fourth and final chapter and is based on information presented in preceding chapters.
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Yang, Charles D. "Minimal computation : derivation of syntactic structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42663.
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Kubo, Miori. "Japanese syntactic structures and their constructional meanings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12899.
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Mori, Nobue. "A syntactic structure of lexical verbs." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3196.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.<br>Thesis research directed by: Linguistics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Martínez-Mascarúa, Carlos Mario. "Syntactic and semantic structures in cocolog logic control." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34757.
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The research presented in this thesis is formulated within the Conditional Observer and Controller Logic (COCOLOG) framework. COCOLOG is a family of first order languages and associated theories for the design and implementation of controllers for discrete event systems (DESs).<br>The opening part of this thesis presents a high level formulation of COCOLOG called Macro COCOLOG. First, we present the theory of Macro COCOLOG languages, a framework for the enhancement of the original COCOLOG language via definitional constructions. Second, we present the theory of Macro COCOLOG actions, a framework for the enhancement of COCOLOG allowing the utilisation of hierarchically aggregated control actions.<br>In this thesis Macro COCOLOG is applied to a pair of examples: the control of the motion of a mobile robot and the flow of water through a tank.<br>The next question addressed in the thesis is the possibility of expanding the original COCOLOG theories in various ways concerning the fundamental issues of the arithmetic system and the notion of reachability in DESs as expressed in COCOLOG. Specifically, the fundamental nature of the reachability predicate, Rbl(·,·,·), is explored, and found to be completely determined by notions axiomatised in subtheories of the original COCOLOG theory. This result effectively reduces the complexity of the proofs originally involving Rbl(·,·,·).<br>Following this line of thought, two sets of Macro languages and associated theories are developed which are shown to be as powerful (in terms of expressiveness and deductive scope) as the original COCOLOG theories and hence, necessarily, as powerful as Markovian fragment COCOLOG theories.<br>A final result along these lines is that the control law itself (originally expressed in a set of extra logical Conditional Control Rules) can be incorporated into the COCOLOG theories via function symbol definition.<br>The efficient implementation of COCOLOG controllers serves as a motivation for the final two chapters of the thesis. A basic result in this chapter is that a COCOLOG controller may itself be realized as a DES since, for any COCOLOG controller, it is shown that one may generate a finite state machine realizing that controller. This realization can then be used for real time (i.e. reactive) control. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Martinez-Mascarua, Carlos Mario. "Syntactic and semantic structures in COCOLOG logic control." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0017/NQ44512.pdf.
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Obradović, Jovana. "Cyclic operads : syntactic, algebraic and categorified aspects." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC191/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous examinons différents cadres pour la théorie générale des opérades cycliques de Getzler et Kapranov. Comme le suggère le titre, nous établissons des fondements théoriques de natures syntaxiques, algébriques et catégorifiées pour la notion d’opérade cyclique. Dans le traitement syntaxique, nous proposons un langage formel à la manière du lambda-calcul, appelé mu-syntaxe, en tant que représentation légère de la structure <> d’opérades cycliques. Contrairement à la caractérisation originale des opérades cycliques, appelée la caractérisation <> , selon laquelle les opérations d’une opérade cyclique ont des entrées et une sortie qui peut être << échangée >> avec une entrée, les opérades cycliques <> sont présentées comme des généralisations d’opérades pour lesquelles une opération n’a plus des entrées et une sortie, mais seulement des entrées (c’est-à-dire pour lesquelles la sortie est <> que les entrées). Grâce aux méthodes de réécriture derrière le formalisme, nous donnons une preuve pas-à-pas complète de l’équivalence entre les définitions biaisées et non biaisées des opérades cycliques.Guidés par le principe du microcosme de Baez et Dolan et par les définitions algébriques des opérades de Kelly et Fiore, dans l’approche algébrique, nous définissons les opérades cycliques à l’intérieur de la catégorie des espèces de structures de Joyal. De cette façon, la caractérisation originale << exchangeable-output>> de Getzler et Kapranov, et la caractérisation alternative <> des opérades cycliques de Markl, sont toutes les deux incarnées comme monoïdes dans une catégorie monoïdale des espèces de structures. En s’appuyant sur un résultat de Lamarche sur la descente pour les espèces, nous utilisons ces définitions monoïdales pour prouver l’équivalence entre les points de vue <> et << entries-only>> pour les opérades cycliques.Enfin, nous établissons une notion d’opérade cyclique catégorifiée pour les opérades cycliques avec symétries, définies dans la catégorie des ensembles en termes de générateurs et relations. Les catégorifications que nous introduisons sont obtenues en remplaçant des ensembles d’opérations de la même arité par des catégories, en relâchant certains axiomes de la structure, comme l’associativité et la commutativité, en isomorphismes, tout en laissant l’équivariance stricte, et en formulant des conditions de cohérence pour ces isomorphismes. Le théorème de cohérence que nous prouvons a la forme << tous les diagrammes d’isomorphismes canoniques commutent >>. Pour les opérades cycliques <> , notre preuve a un caractère syntaxique et s’appuie sur la cohérence des opérades non symétriques catégorifiées, établie par Došen et Petrić. Nous prouvons la cohérence des opérades cycliques <>, en relevant au cadre catégorifié l’équivalence entre les définitions <> et <> , mise en place précédemment dans l’approche algébrique<br>In this thesis, we examine different frameworks for the general theory of cyclic operads of Getzler and Kapranov. As suggested by the title, we set up theoretical grounds of syntactic, algebraic and categorified nature for the notion of a cyclic operad.In the syntactic treatment, we propose a lambda-calculus-style formal language, called mu-syntax, as a lightweight representation of the entries-only cyclic operad structure. As opposed to the original exchangeable-output characterisation of cyclic operads, according to which the operations of a cyclic operad have inputs and an output that can be “exchanged” with one of the inputs, the entries-only cyclic operads have only entries (i.e. the output is put on the same level as the inputs). By employing the rewriting methods behind the formalism, we give a complete step-by-step proof of the equivalence between the unbiased and biased definitions of cyclic operads.Guided by the microcosm principle of Baez and Dolan and by the algebraic definitions of operads of Kelly and Fiore, in the algebraic approach we define cyclic operads internally to the category of Joyal’s species of structures. In this way, both the original exchangeable-output characterisation of Getzler and Kapranov, and the alternative entries-only characterisation of cyclic operads of Markl are epitomised as “monoid-like” objects in “monoidal-like” categories of species. Relying on a result of Lamarche on descent for species, we use these “monoid-like” definitions to prove the equivalence between the exchangeable-output and entries-only points of view on cyclic operads.Finally, we establish a notion of categorified cyclic operad for set-based cyclic operads with symmetries, defined in terms of generators and relations. The categorifications we introduce are obtained by replacing sets of operations of the same arity with categories, by relaxing certain defining axioms, like associativity and commutativity, to isomorphisms, while leaving the equivariance strict, and by formulating coherence conditions for these isomorphisms. The coherence theorem that we prove has the form “all diagrams of canonical isomorphisms commute”.For entries-only categorified cyclic operads, our proof is of syntactic nature and relies on the coherence of categorified operads established by Došen and Petrić. We prove the coherence of exchangeable-output categorified cyclic operads by “lifting to the categorified setting” theequivalence between entries-only and exchangeable-output cyclic operads, set up previously in the algebraic approach
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Booth, Hannah. "Expletives and clause structure : syntactic change in Icelandic." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/expletives-and-clause-structure-syntactic-change-in-icelandic(7907d61b-4404-4964-bf8d-ce304c0fab8d).html.
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This thesis examines the historical development of the expletive það in Icelandic, from the earliest texts to the present day. This development is set against the backdrop of Icelandic clause structure, with particular attention to verb-second, information structure and the left periphery. The study combines corpus linguistic data and quantitative techniques with theoretical analysis, conducted within Lexical Functional Grammar. I show that Icelandic underwent three syntactic developments in the period 1750-present and argue that these all reflect one overall change: the establishment of það as a structural placeholder for the topic position (the clause-initial prefinite position). I claim that það functions as a topic position placeholder in the earliest attested stage of Icelandic (1150-1350), but is restricted to a specific context: topicless subjectless constructions with a clausal object, where það has cataphoric reference. The three changes in the period 1750-present represent the establishment of this topic position placeholder in new contexts: (1) það generalises to all types of topicless subjectless construction, beyond those with a clausal object; (2) það emerges in presentational constructions (which inherently lack a topic), out-competing the earlier expletive form þar; (3) in cataphoric contexts with a clausal subject, það begins to transition from subject to topic position placeholder. The majority of these contexts exhibit at least a short period in which það - or alternatively þar - behaves like a subject. Icelandic thus exhibits the emergence of a topic position placeholder expletive from an earlier subject-like element. This shift towards prefinite expletives, which sets Icelandic apart from e.g. Mainland Scandinavian, happens relatively late in the diachrony (1750-present). Moreover, the Icelandic development challenges the standard claim in the literature on Germanic expletives, which assumes that subject expletives emerge from prefinite expletives.
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Singh-Miller, Natasha 1981. "The use of syntactic structure in relationship extraction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17990.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-68).<br>This thesis describes a method of relationship extraction that uses surface and syntactic features of text along with entity detection information to perform sentence-level relationship extraction tasks. The tasks are to build and test classifiers for the following relationships: employer-employee, organization-location, family, and person-location. Methods of reducing noise in these features sets are also discussed, and experimental evidence of their effectiveness is presented. Performance of the system is analyzed in terms of precision and recall, and errors of the system are discussed along with proposed solutions. Finally a reformulation of the problem is presented along with a discussion of future work.<br>by Natasha Singh.<br>M.Eng.
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White, Jonathan Russell. "An inquiry into minimalist phrase structure." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348851/.
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This thesis takes as its starting point the proposal in Kayne (1994) that all syntactic structures are underlyingly spec-head-complement, and that they are right-branching. I will investigate this proposal taking data from English degree constructions, namely result clauses and comparatives. A comparison will be made between these constructions and English VPs, on which the majority of the phrase structure debate in the literature has been based. The evidence for left-branching and for right-branching in VPs will be considered, and similar evidence sought for degree constructions. We will see that VPs have a mostly right-branching structure, although left-branching structures are required in restricted circumstances. Also reason and manner adjuncts are argued to be right-adjoined to the VP node, a conclusion that is re-inforced by considering the constituency of VP adjuncts and some PP sequences noted by Jackendoff (1973). In degree constructions too, we argue that both left-branching and right-branching structures are necessary. My conclusion will be that Kayne's proposal is too strong, even though it is ideal from the perspective of a minimalist approach to syntax.
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Alharthi, Nasser Raddad. "The discourse structure of English and Arabic, with particular reference to the syntactic, thematic and grounding structures of newspaper editorials." Thesis, University of Salford, 2010. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26516/.
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This study aims to investigate aspects of the discourse structure of English and Arabic in general and political editorial argumentative texts in particular. Three major notions are examined and compared: subordination and coordination, thematic structure, and grounding (foreground and background). Arabic nominal and verbal sentences and clauses are also examined and compared. In this study, the data, which represent twenty four newspaper editorials taken from two English and Arabic newspapers (twelve editorials from each language), are qualitatively and quantitatively analysed. At the syntactic level, the analysis shows that English editorials use relatively simple and short sentence structures. Arabic editorials, by contrast, employ complex structures. Subordinate clauses are less common in English than in Arabic. Arabic uses coordinate clauses more than English does. The analysis also shows that Arabic editorials use more nominal sentences (SVO sentences) than verbal ones (VSO sentences). These two sentence types also differ in their employment of adjunct and disjunct clauses and phrases. At the thematic level, Arabic displays more complex thematic structures than English. The analysis also shows that there are specific markers in the Arabic data which signal rhematic elements. At the grounding level, it is found that clauses and phrases which meet the grounding expectation (that main clauses are foregrounded and subordinate clauses/phrases are backgrounded) are more frequent in English than in Arabic. It is also found that clauses and phrases which do not fulfill the grounding expectation are more frequent in English editorials than their Arabic counterparts. Another major difference between the two languages at this level is that most frequent clauses and phrases which do not meet the grounding expectation are final rhemes. In some cases, however, these clauses and phrases occur initially as themes, particularly in Arabic.
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Ohkado. "Clause structure in Old English." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2005. http://dare.uva.nl/document/78186.
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Brannigan, Holly P. "Language processing and the mental representation of syntactic structure." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/424.
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This thesis investigates the mental representation of syntactic structure. It takes an interdisciplinary approach which exploits methods and insights from both experimental psychology and theoretical linguistics to explore the claim that syntactic representation can be the subject of empirical psychological study. The thesis makes use of corpus analysis and two experimental methods, agreement error elicitation and syntactic priming, to examine syntactic structure in both language production and language comprehension. I argue that assumptions about syntactic representation are fundamental to all models of language processing. However, processing models have largely assumed the representations proposed by theoretical linguists in the belief that that syntactic representation is the province of theoretical linguistics. I propose that the mental representation of syntactic structure is a legitimate area of study for psycholinguists and that it can be investigated using experimental methods. The remainder of this thesis presents empirical evidence to support this claim. The main conclusion of this thesis is that syntactic representation is amenable to psychological study. The evidence which is gathered in this way is in principle relevant not only to theories of language processing but also to any linguistic theory which claims to characterise knowledge of language.
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Tallerman, Margaret Olwen. "Mutation and the syntactic structure of modern colloquial Welsh." Thesis, University of Hull, 1987. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4476.
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In this dissertation I discuss the phenomenon of initial consonantal mutation in modern Welsh, and explore the syntactic structure of this language: I will concentrate on the syntax of Colloquial rather than Literary Welsh. It transpires that mutation phenomena can frequently be cited as evidence for or against certain syntactic analyses. In chapter 1 I present a critical survey of previous treatments of mutation, and show that mutation in Welsh conforms to a modified version of the Trigger Constraint proposed by Lieber and by Zwicky. It is argued that adjacency of the mutation trigger is the criterial property in Welsh. Chapter 2 presents a comprehensive description of the productive environments for mutation in modern Welsh. In chapter 3 I give a short account of Government and Binding theory, the framework used for several recent analyses of Celtic languages. I also discuss proposals that have been made concerning the underlying word order of Welsh, a surface VSO language. Although I reject SVO underlying order, I conclude that there is nonetheless a VP constituent in Welsh. Chapters 4 and 5 concern the role of NPs as triggers for Soft Mutation: both overt and empty category NPs are considered. In chapter 5, which centres on wh-traces, it is shown that the variable appears in a wider variety of construction types in Welsh than had previously been suggested. A pre-head relativization site for extractions from VP and NP is posited. Chapter 6 develops the theme of the role of wh-traces in unbounded dependencies, and it is argued that all relative clauses in Welsh are formed by wh-movement. The final chapter, chapter 7, looks at the wider variety of relative clause types found in Colloquial Welsh, and presents an analysis of the patterns of mutation and pronoun retention in the light of the NP Accessibility Hierarchy.
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Manolessou, Ioanna. "Greek noun phase structure : a study in syntactic evolution." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289833.
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Manōlessou, Iō. "Greek noun phrase structure : a study in syntactic evolution." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283913.
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Sala, Mercè Prat. "The production of different word orders : a psycholinguistic and developmental approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/513.
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This thesis is primarily concerned with language production. In particular it investigates two issues: First, it explores some of the processing mechanisms underlying the production of different syntactic structures and word orders. Second, it explores the production of different syntactic structures and word order from a developmental perspective. These two issues are investigated experimentally and from a cross-linguistic point of view. First, a description is given of the possible word order permutations that Catalan allows and under which circumstances these word orders are produced. This is extended with a corpus analysis of spoken Catalan. The aim of this study is twofold: on the one hand, it aims to present the different positions where subjects and complements of the verb can appear in a sentence. On the other, it aims to compare the use of passivization between spoken and newspaper text in Catalan. Second, my experimental work in language production in four languages is presented. These languages include English, Brazilian Portuguese, Catalan and Spanish. The main aim of this study is to explore the effects of the non-linguistic factors of animacy and frequency upon the production of different word orders. The results of four experiments in the four languages mentioned yield evidence that these non-linguistic factors affect the on-line processing of language production. In the four languages, participants tend to prefer to produce syntactic structures which allow animate entities to be realised as the sentential subject, even if this means producing a passive structure rather than a (usually preferred) active structure. I have also found evidence that in some languages (e.g. Catalan and Spanish) animate/frequent entities appear at initial sentence position in the grammatical category of object (in dislocated active constructions). These results are explained on the light of some of the models of language production (e.g. Bock 1987a; Bock and Levelt 1994). Third, further cross-linguistic experiments in three languages (English, Catalan and Spanish) are presented. There I show that one particular contextual factor, discourse salience, can also affect the realisation of different syntactic structures during production. Entities which have been made more salient by the preceding context are more likely to appear as sentential subjects or in early sentential positions than entities which have also been introduced in previous discourse but are less salient. I suggest that these effects can be explained using the same mechanisms that explain other non-linguistic factors (e.g. animacy). The results also suggest that in the absence of context, animacy is a strong determinant of syntactic structure and word order, whereas in context, discourse salience may largely override animacy effects. Finally, these results suggest that from a processing point of view, the Given/New partition is not enough to account for the information structure of a sentence, but a more fine-grained distinction is need, in keeping with some recent pragmatic theories (e.g. Prince 1981, 1992; Sgall et al. 1986). Finally, I investigate the production of different word orders from a developmental point of view. In particular I examine the relationship between age and the production of different word orders by Catalan children, ranging from 4;11 to 11;11 years. The results of an experiment run with these children show that a dislocated active is a construction already consolidated at age 5. In contrast, the passive clause is a construction still not fully acquired at age 11. These results seem to suggest that for Catalan children, a dislocated active is a syntactic structure that is available earlier than the passive structure. Conversely, the placement of a patient in subject position and the creation of a verbal passive voice occurs later than simple word order permutation. Finally, a comparison between these results and existing results from English children shows that there are cross-linguistic differences on the age of production of passive clauses: while English children already produce passives at age 5, Catalan children start producing passives at age 11. I suggest some possible explanations for the cross-linguistic differences in the production of different syntactic structures. Overall, the main aim for this study is to gain insight into the production of different syntactic structures and word orders from a psycholinguistic and developmental point of view.
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Jacobé, de Naurois Paulin. "Completeness results and syntactic characterizations of complexity classes over arbitrary structures." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_JACOBE_DE_NAUROIS_P.pdf.
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Nous nous plaçons dans le modèle de calcul BSS sur des structures arbitraires. Nous présentons de nouveaux résultats de complétude concernant des problèmes géométriques sur les nombres réels avec addition et ordre. Nous présentons aussi plusieurs caractérisations de classes de complexité indépendantes du modèle de calcul sous-jacent. Nous êtendons des résultats de Gradel, Gurevich et Meer en complexité descriptive, qui caractérisent les prob- lèmes de décisions calculables en temps polynomial déterministe et non-déterministe en termes de logique sur des structures métafinies. Nous étendons des résultats de Bellantoni et Cook pour caractériser les fonctions calculables en temps polynomial sêquentiel, et de Leivant et Marion pour caractériser les fonctions calculables en temps polynomial parallèle, en termes d'algèbres de fonctions récursives. Nous présentons également des caractérisations de fonctions calculables dans la hiérarchie polynomiale et en temps polynomial alternant<br>We focus on the BSS model of computation over arbitrary structures. We provide new completeness results for geometrical problems when this structure is the set of real numbers with addition and order. We also provide several machine independent characterizations of complexity classes over arbitrary structures. We extend some results by Gradel, Gurevich and Meer in descriptive complexity, characterizing deterministic and non deterministic polynomial. Time decision problems in terms of logics over metaflnite structures. We extend some results by Bellantoni and Cook, characterizing functions computable in sequential determin- isitc polynomial time, and by Leivant and Marion, characterizing functions computable in parallel determinisitc polynomial time in terms of algebras of recursive functions. We also provide some characterizations of functions computable within the polynomial hierarchy and in polynomial alternating time
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Malhotra, Gaurav. "Dynamics of structural priming." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2751.
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This thesis is about how our syntactic choice changes with linguistic experience. Studies on syntactic priming show that our decisions are influenced by sentences that we have recently heard or recently spoken. They also show that not all sentences have an equal amount of influence; that repetition of verbs increases priming (the lexical-boost effect) and that some verbs are more susceptible to priming than others. This thesis explores how and why syntactic decisions change with time and what these observations tell us about the cognitive mechanism of speaking. Specifically, we set out to develop a theoretical account of syntactic priming. Theoretical accounts require mathematical models and this thesis develops a sequence of mathematical models for understanding various aspects of syntactic priming. Cognitive processes are modelled as dynamical systems that can change their behaviour when they process information. We use these dynamical systems to investigate how each episode of language comprehension or production affects syntactic decisions. We also use these systems to investigate how long priming persists, how groups of consecutive sentences affect structural decisions, why repeating words leads to greater syntactic priming and what this tells us about how words, concepts and syntax are cognitively represented. We obtain two kinds of results by simulating these mathematical models. The first kind of results reveal how syntactic priming evolves over time. We find that structural priming itself shows a gradual decay with time but the lexical enhancement of priming decays catastrophically – a result consistent with experimental observations. We also find that consecutive episodes of language processing add up nonlinearly in memory, which challenges the design of some existing psycholinguistic experiments. The second kind of results reveal how our syntax module might be connected to other cognitive modules. We find that the lexical enhancement of syntactic priming might be a consequence of how the modules of attention and working memory influence syntactic decisions. These models suggest a mechanism of priming that is in contrast to a previous prediction-based account. This prediction-based account proposes that we actively predict what we hear and structural priming is due to error-correction whenever our predictions do not match the stimuli. In contrast, our account embodies syntactic priming in cognitive processes of attention, working memory and long-term memory. It asserts that our linguistic decisions are not based solely on abstract rules but also depend on the cognitive implementation of each module. Our investigations also contribute a novel theoretical framework for studying syntactic priming. Previous studies analyse priming using error-correction or Hebbian learning algorithms. We introduce the formalism of dynamical systems. This formalism allows us to trace the effect of information processing through time. It explains how residual activation from a previous episode might play a role in structural decisions, thereby enriching our understanding of syntactic priming. Since these dynamical systems are also used to model neural processes, this theoretical framework brings our understanding of priming one step closer to its biological implementation, bridging the gap between neural processes and abstract thoughts.
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Li, Wei. "The morpho-syntactic interface in a Chinese phrase structure grammar." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61656.pdf.
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Cai, Zhenguang. "Mental representation and processing of syntactic structure : evidence from Chinese." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5509.
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From the perspective of cognitive psychology, our knowledge of language can be viewed as mental representations and our use of language can be understood as the computation or processing of mental representations. This thesis explores the mental representation and processing of syntactic structure. The method used in this thesis is structural priming, a phenomenon in which people tend to repeat the linguistic structure that they have recently processed. The language under investigation is Chinese. The main research theme is divided up into four different questions. The first question is how syntactic structure is mentally represented. For a long time this has been a question for syntacticians whose main evidence is their intuition. There are, however, recent calls for experimental methods in the investigation of syntactic representation. I propose that structural priming can be used as an experimental approach to the investigation of syntactic representation. More specifically, structural priming can illuminate the constituent structure of a syntactic construction and help us determine which syntactic analysis corresponds to the representation of the construction. Three structural priming experiments on some controversial constructions in Mandarin were reported to show that structural priming can be used to distinguish alternative analyses of a syntactic construction. The second question concerns the use of thematic and lexical information in grammatical encoding in sentence production. Models of grammatical encoding differ in the locus of conceptual effects on grammatical encoding and the extent to which grammatical encoding is lexically guided. Five experiments were reported on these two issues. First, the results indicate that thematic information affects grammatical encoding by prompting the processor map thematic roles onto the same linear order as they were previously mapped. Though conceptual information was previously believed to only affect the assignment of grammatical functions (e.g., subject and object) to nouns (i.e., functional processing), this finding suggests that it can influence the linear order of sentence constituents (i.e., positional processing) as well. The results also show that the processor persists in using the same argument structure of the verb, implying that grammatical encoding is lexically guided to some extent. The third question concerns the processing of verb-phrase (VP) ellipsis in comprehension. Previous research on this topic disagrees on whether the interpretation of VP ellipsis is based over the syntactic or semantic representation of the antecedent and whether the antecedent representation is copied or reconstructed at the ellipsis site. An experiment was presented and the results show no structural priming effect from the ellipsis site. This suggests that no syntactic structure is reconstructed at the ellipsis and possibly no copying of the antecedent structure either. The results then favour a semantic account of VP ellipsis processing. The last question concerns the lexico-syntactic representation of cognates in Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals. Previous research has paid little attention as to whether cognates have shared or distinct lemmas in bilinguals. Two experiments show that the structural priming effect from the cognate of a verb was smaller than from the verb itself, suggesting that Cantonese/Mandarin cognates have distinct rather than shared lemmas, though the syntactic information associated with cognates is collectively represented across the two languages. At the end of the thesis, I discussed the implications of these empirical studies and directions of further research.
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Balza, Tardaguila Irene. "Syntactic structure and modal interpretation : the case of Basque "behar"." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30070.
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Cette thèse est une investigation de la structure syntaxique et de l'interprétation modale des phrases impliquant le modal dénominal de nécessité behar ‘devoir, falloir, avoir besoin’ et un complément infinitif. La thèse analyse le statut syntaxique des compléments non finis du verbe modal denominal behar en examinant leur interaction avec des phénomènes syntaxiques sensibles à des conditions structurelles et de localité diverses, et conclut que les compléments d’infinitif de behar peuvent correspondre à différentes structures sous-jacentes. Le type d'infinitif le plus complexe du point de vue structurel est un infinitif non-restructurant qui projette une architecture de phrase complète (c.-à-d. une CP), et le plus petit est un infinitif réduit de restructuration qui projette une structure de phrase de niveau vP. Il y a des preuves pour l'existence des types intermédiaires projetant jusqu'au domaine flexionnel (IP / TP). D'autre part, la thèse examine les propriétés thématiques et de portée des sujets dans chacun des différents types structurels et l'interprétation modale à laquelle elles donnent cours. Sur la base de cette analyse, la thèse soutient que l'interprétation modale n'est déterminée par aucun facteur en particulier (la présence de la restructuration, le statut référentiel du sujet et sa portée relative vis-à-vis du prédicat modal, parmi d'autres fréquemment mentionnés), mais dépend de l'effet cumulatif de plusieurs facteurs travaillant ensemble. La thèse montre également la nécessité d'adopter une vision plus fine de la modalité radicale (root modality), qui permet une association plus simple entre structures syntaxiques et significations modales<br>This dissertation is an investigation of the syntactic structure and modal interpretation of clauses involving the denominal necessity predicate behar ‘need’ and an infinitival complement. On the one hand, it analyses the syntactic status of non-finite complements of denominal behar by examining their interaction with syntactic phenomena sensitive to different structural and locality conditions, and concludes that the infinitival complements of behar can correspond to different underlying structures. The largest type of infinitive is a non-restructuring infinitive that projects a full clausal architecture (i.e. a CP), and the smallest one is a reduced restructuring infinitive that projects up to vP. There is evidence for intermediate types projecting up to the inflectional domain (IP/TP). On the other hand, the dissertation examines the thematic and scope properties of the subjects in each of the different structural types and the modal interpretation that they can give rise to. On the basis of this analysis it is argued that modal interpretation is not constrained by any single factor (the presence of restructuring, the referential status of the subject and its relative scope vis-à-vis the modal predicate, among other frequently mentioned ones), but depends on the cumulative effect of several factors working together. The dissertation also shows the necessity of adopting a more fine-grained view of root modality, one that allows a simpler mapping of syntactic structures into modal meanings
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Berro, Urrizelki Ane. "Breaking verbs : from event structure to syntactic categories in Basque." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30031/document.
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La présente thèse analyse la décomposition sous-événementielle et l'interprétation aspectuelle des événements, en se focalisant sur les prédicats dérivés du basque, tels que dantzatu “danser” du nom dantza 'danse', amets egin 'rêver' du nom amets “rêve”, etxeratu 'revenir à la maiso' de etxera “à la maison” ou amatu “devenir mère” de ama “mère”. La thèse est centrée sur la configuration syntaxique représentant la structure événementielle des prédicats et la lexicalisation de ces configurations par des mots réels. J'admets que les prédicats se décomposent en composants plus basiques (par exemple, Levin and Rappaport Hovav 1995), et que cette décomposition est syntaxiquement représentée (Hale and Keyser 1993). Dans cette vue, les événements exprimés par les prédicats sont formés de sous-événements, qui peuvent être aussi bien des processus que des états (Harley 1995 2005, Cuervo 2003, Folli & Harley 2005, Ramchand 2008) et de compléments rhématiques (Ramchand 2008). Les rhèmes sont des compléments qui mesurent et décrivent les sous-événements dont ils sont les compléments. Ils peuvent être de différents types: des PPs, des DPs quantifiés, et même des radicaux non catégorisés. Partant de Harley (2005), je propose une ontologie des radicaux qui les classifie selon qu'ils nomment un Evénement, une Chose ou une Propriété. Les radicaux qui dénomment des Evénements et des Choses sont les compléments de sous-événements de type processus; tandis que les radicaux qui dénomment des Propriétés sont les compléments des états. A l'intérieur de chaque classe, les propriétés des mesures associées aux radicaux comme [+/-croissant], [+/- limite minimale] et [+/- limite maximale] déterminent les propriétés aspectuelles de l'événement tout entier, à savoir, s'il est ponctuel ou duratif, s'il est télique ou atélique. La thèse examine également les interactions entre l'interprétation aspectuelle interne des prédicats (aktionsart), et l'aspect externe (Smith 1997 [1991]). Cette relation est analysée en tenant compte de la catégorie lexicale à la base du prédicat et des différentes configurations de réalisation des prédicats en basque<br>This dissertation analyses the subeventive decomposition and aspectual interpretation of events, paying special attention to derived predicates in Basque, like dantzatu ‘to dance’ from dantza ‘dance’, amets egin ‘to dream’ from amets ‘dream’, etxeratu ‘to go home’ from etxe-ra ‘to home’ and amatu ‘to become a mother’ from ama ‘mother’. The discussion is mainly concerned with the syntactic configuration that represents the predicates’ event structure and the lexicalization of these configurations by means of actual words. In this dissertation, it is assumed that predicates can be decomposed into more basic components (e.g. Levin & Rappaport Hovav 1995) and that this decomposition is syntactically represented (Hale & Keyser 1993). To be more precise, in the analysis made in this dissertation, it is assumed that the events conveyed by predicates consist of smaller subevents (Harley 1995 2005, Cuervo 2003, Folli & Harley 2005, Ramchand 2008) (which can be either processes or states) and Rheme objects (Ramchand 2008a). Rhemes are complements which describe and measure the particular subevent they are complementing. They can be of different types: PPs, quanticized DPs and even a-categorial Roots. Building on Harley (2005), I propose an ontology of Roots which classifies different types of Roots depending on whether they name an Event, a Thing or a Property. Event and Thing naming Roots are the complements of the process subevent, whereas Property naming Roots are the complements of states. Within each class, properties of the measure associated to each Root like [±incremental], [±lower bound] and [±upper bound] are going to determine the aspectual properties of the entire event, i.e. whether it is durative or punctual, and telic or atelic. Additionally, this dissertation considers the interaction of the aspectual interpretation of the predicates (commented in the previous paragraph) with viewpoint aspect (Smith 1997 [1991]). This relation is going to be analyzed in combination with the lexical category and the different configurations in which a predicate can surface in Basque
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Bassiouney, Reem. "Functions of code switching in Egypt (evidence from monologues in the 1990s)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248835.
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Craven-Bartle, Peltola Cecilia. "Changes in the Syntactic Structure in Translations from English into Swedish." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Humanities, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2130.
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<p>The purpose of this essay is to study how the major syntactic structure is affected when a literary text is translated from English into Swedish. That is, to study what operations take place and the frequency of the different operations in a translation. The purpose is also to see how much the freedom of translation varies between different translators.</p>
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Walinska, De Hackbeil Hanna. "The roots of phrase structure : the syntactic basis of English morphology /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8429.
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Afujimoto, Hisataka. "Neural Coding of Syntactic Structure in Learned Vocalizations in the Songbird." Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151920.
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Sundmalm, Sara Maria. "The Syntactic Origin of Old English Sentence Adverbials." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-42888.
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<p> </p><p>Languages rely on grammatical rules, by which even such variable constituents as adverbials are affected. However, due to the many different positions in Old English sentences taken up by adverbials, it is easy to wrongfully assume that there is an absence of grammatical rules regarding adverbials in Old English. Hence, it may be possible to detect patterns of behaviour among Old English adverbs if their different position and movement within various clauses is studied systematically. This paper has been focused on examining two conjunct adverbs, and two disjunct adverbs, functioning as sentence adverbials in prose, in order to contribute information of where they are base-generated within the syntactic structure of Old English clauses, and thus hopefully contribute to a better understanding of the grammatical system of Old English. 120 sentences of prose containing sentence adverbials have been examined according to the Government and Binding Theory, as introduced in <em>Stæfcræft: An Introduction to Old English Syntax</em>, in order to establish where the different textual constituents of Old English are base-generated.</p>
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Malhis, Shatha Ramez. "Constructing the semiotic and syntactic structures of forms : villa design in West Amman." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340871.
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Njoroge, Kimani wa'. "The acquisition of six morpho-syntactic structures of English by Kenyan school children." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19197.
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Jiang, Ying Alisa. "An analysis of syntactic structures and semantic features of de-constructions in Chinese." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1208.
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Jin, Gongye. "High-quality Knowledge Acquisition of Predicate-argument Structures for Syntactic and Semantic Analysis." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215677.
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If the author of the published paper digitizes such paper and releases it to third parties using digital media such as computer networks or CD-ROMs, the volume, number, and pages of the Journal of Natural Language Processing of the publication must be indicated in a clear manner for all viewers.<br>Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(情報学)<br>甲第19850号<br>情博第601号<br>新制||情||105(附属図書館)<br>32886<br>京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻<br>(主査)准教授 河原 大輔, 教授 黒橋 禎夫, 教授 河原 達也<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Huxley, Clare J. "Choice of syntactic structure during language production : the production of unbounded dependencies." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3313.
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During language production, conceptual messages are encoded into a target language and articulated. Existing models of language production assume several stages of processing including a conceptual level, a level where lexical selection and syntactic processing occurs and a level where morphological and phonological features are added ready for production (e.g. Levelt et al., 1999). Previous research has considered how lexical and syntactic information could be stored via lemma (Kempen & Huijbers, 1983), syntactic nodes (Levelt at el., 1999) and combinatorial nodes (Pickering & Braingan, 1998), but little is understood about how syntactic structures are selected. This thesis examines how constituent structures are selected by investigating choice of structure in unbounded dependencies such as Which jug with the red spots is the nun giving the monk? and how this is affected by factors such as verb-subcategorisation preferences and global sentence structure complexity. A series of language production experiments investigate how global structure complexity and verb-subcategoricatisaion preferences affect choice of syntactic structure at the clause level in unbounded dependencies. A picture description task reveals an unusual preference for the dispreferred passive voice structure as a result of global structural complexity. Sentence recall experiments demonstrate that both global structural complexity and verb-subcategorisation preferences can affect choice of structure and that competition between these factors decides the final structure. Finally, syntactic priming experiments show that processing mechanisms are shared between simple matrix clause structures and unbounded dependency clause structures, but that the influence of these shared mechanisms vary between the different structure types. This could be attributed to a modal of processing where choice of structure is decided by competition between structure representations which are influenced by different factors in different global syntactic conditions. The results suggest that choice of syntactic structure is decided through competition between possible structures. These possible structures may receive further activation or inhibition from other factors such as global structural complexity or verb-subcategorisation preferences and thematic fit. Global structural complexity may influence structure preferences through increased processing load or through attempts to integrate the clause structure with another global structure. Thematic role arguments may influence structure through a preference that syntactic roles fit with specified thematic roles. (e.g. experiencer as subject). This model assumes parallel processing of possible structures and individual structures within a complex larger structure. It also assumes an incremental model of processing which attempts to integrate structures as soon as possible.
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Talutytė, Jurgita. "Programinė įranga lietuviško sakinio sintaksinei struktūrai atvaizduoti grafu." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2004. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2004~D_20040611_155747-32557.
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At the present there is no software for Lithuanian language that could form the Lithuanian language structure necessary for translation of words from one language to another. The aim of this paper was to create a program that could form a graph of syntactic structure of Lithuanian sentence. For this purpose the algorithm that could make a graphical presentation of syntactic sentence structure of Lithuanian words sequence in sentence and syntactic structure of each word should be formed.
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De, Beer C. H. "Structure of the Cape Fold Belt in the Ceres Syntaxis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/67079.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 1989.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Ceres Syntaxis comprises that part of the Cape Fold Belt
Syntaxis that lies north of the Worcester Fault. Most of the
area consists of folded Cape Supergroup (primarily Witteberg
Group) rocks. Fold styles of all fold trends are essentially
the same. However, different multilayer rheologies led to the
development of either sinusoidal or kink-like fold geometries
in different parts of the cover sequence. The character of
Witteberg sediments led to the development of large megakink
folds and peculiar fold zones in this part of the sequence.
Fold trends in the Ceres Syntaxis vary between NW-SE, NE-SW
and E-W. The southern part of the area is dominated by the
NE-SW trend, with the NW-SE trend being only important in the
west. Interference between these two trends only exists in
the Witteberg Group, where it occurs as crossing linear fold
zones and conjugate, intersecting kink folds . Cross-folding
relationships in the north-eastern part of the Ceres Syntaxis
indicate that the area had been affected by two
contemporaneous, orthogonally opposed compressions that worked
simultaneously in different parts of the multilayer.
Differences in the magnitude of strain, or in the local timing
of fold initiation, produced local refolding or transecting
relationships. The microfabric of Witteberg sandstones
suggests deformation under conditions of low temperature and
pressure, as well as low strain rates. Some microfabrics also
indicate that substantial buckle shortening occurred while the
Middle and Upper Witteberg beds were still unlithified.
Isotopic dating of Cedarberg shale from both main trends did
not yield unequivocal results, mainly due to the
deformatio~al intensity. The positioning of the Cape
low
Fold
Belt Syntaxis was strongly influenced by basement tectonic
grain and basin floor relief. The NW and NE fold trends
formed on a heterogeneous basement that resolved the
stress configuration into components which
external .
acted
simultaneously towards the north-west and north-east. Ecca
and Beaufort Group sedimentation patterns in the western Karoo
corroborate the above findings.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Ceres-sintaks beslaan daardie deel van die sintaks van die
Kaapse Plooigordel wat noord van die Worcesterverskuiwing Ie.
Die gebied bestaan grotendeels uit geplooide gesteentes van
die Supergroep Kaap (hoofsaaklik Groep Witteberg). AIle
plooirigtings openbaar dieselfde plooistyl. Reologiese
verskille in'die rnultilaehet egter gelei tot die ontwikkeling
van of sinusoidale ~f knikvorrnigeplooie in verskillende dele
van die dekgesteentes. Die Wittebergsedirnente se aard het
veroorsaak dat rnegaknikkeen eienaardige plooisones in hierdie
deel van die opeenvolging ontstaan het. Plooirigtings in die
Ceres-sintaks wissel tussen NW-SO, NO-SW en O-W. Die NO-SW
plooirigting oorheers in die suidelike deel van die gebied,
terwyl die NW-SO plooirigting eintlik net in. die weste
belangrik is. Interferensie van hierdie twee.hoofrigtings korn
slegs voor in die Groep Witteberg, waar dit as dwarssnydende
lineere plooisones en snydende, konjugerende knikke aanwesig
is. Onderlinge verhoudings tussen kruisplooie in die
noordoostelike Ceres-sintaks, toon dat die gebied beinvloed is
deur twee gelyktydige drukspannings wat reghoekig op rnekaar
ingewerk het, sorntyds in effens verskillende dele van die
rnultilaag.Verskille in die spanningsbedrag en tydsberekening
het lokale herplooiing of dwarssnydende strukture veroorsaak.
Die mikrornaaksel van die Wittebergsandsteen toon dat die
vervorming onder lae temperatuur- en druktoestande, tesame met
'n lae vervorrningsternpo, plaasgevind het. Die rnaaksel toon
ook aan dat heelwat buigplooiing plaasgevind het terwyl die
Middel- en Bo-Witteberglae nog ongekonsolideer was. Isotopiese
datering van Sederbergskalie afkornstigvan die twee hoofplooirigtings,
het weens die lae vervormingsintensiteit swak
resultate gelewer. Die posisie van die sintaks van die Kaapse
Plooigordel, insluitende die van die Ceres-sintaks, is sterk'
belnvioed deur die tektoniese grein en re~i~f van die
vloergesteentes. Die heterogene vloer waarop die NW en NO
plooie gevorrn het, het daartoe gelei dat die eksterne
spanningsopset verdeel is in kornponentewat gelyktydig na die
noordweste en noordooste gewerk het. Sedirnentasiepatrone in
die Groepe Ecca en Beaufort ondersteun bostaande afleidings.
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Sim, Chang-Yong. "To make a case for all syntactic structure, semantic interpretation and case morphology /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.85Mb, 334 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3181886.
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Finardi, Kyria Rebeca. "Working memory capacity and the acquisition of a syntactic structure in L2 speech." Florianópolis, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/93418.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente, Florianópolis, 2009.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T21:56:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
267260.pdf: 1274932 bytes, checksum: 8f3a44374e84691f89dd682d8ea498a0 (MD5)<br>Este estudo investiga se há relação entre a capacidade de memória de trabalho e a aquisição (analisada em duas fases, um da retenção da regra e outro da aquisição em si) de uma estrutura sintática na fala em L2. Partindo da teoria do processamento da informação (por exemplo, McLaughlin & Heredia, 1996) a fala em L2 é conceitualizada como uma habilidade complexa que requer o funcionamento de processos automáticos e controlados para sua execução (Fortkamp, 2000; Shiffrin & Schneider, 1977). A hipótese geral que norteia o trabalho é de que a capacidade de memória de trabalho, medida por um teste de amplitude da fala em L1 e em L2, correlacionará com a retenção e aquisição de uma estrutura sintática na fala em L2. Noventa e sete estudantes adultos de inglês como idioma estrangeiro participaram no estudo, 50 no grupo de controle e 47 no experimental. O método usado foi quase-experimental e predominantemente quantitativo e correlacional. Seguindo sugestões de um estudo piloto (Finardi, 2007), a estrutura alvo investigada foi concordar usando as fórmulas So+aux+I e Neither+aux+I nas respostas curtas da fala em L2. A retenção de uma estrutura sintática na fala em L2 foi operacionalizada como o uso correto dessa estrutura numa tarefa focada e imediata. A aquisição, por sua vez, foi operacionalizada como o uso correto dessa estrutura em uma tarefa não focada e não imediata. Em geral os resultados mostram que a capacidade de memória de trabalho (medida através de testes de amplitude de fala em L1 e em L2) está relacionada com a aquisição dessa estrutura sintática na fala em L2. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que a aquisição dessa regra sintática é mediada pela capacidade de memória de trabalho que opera com processos controlados no sistema baseado na produção de regras. Não obstante a relação entre a capacidade de memória de trabalho e a aquisição de uma estrutura sintática na fala em L2, o estudo complementa a explicação da aquisição dessa estrutura feita pela psicologia cognitiva com estudos de processamento sintático em L2 partindo de um arcabouço linguístico. Os resultados do estudo são discutidos em termos da complexidade linguística e psicolinguística da
estrutura sintática investigada em relação à capacidade de memória de trabalho, ao processamento da forma e do significado, a aquisição de uma regra pelo sistema baseado na produção de regras, a variações linguísticas entre L1 e L2 e a limitações na fala em L2, apresentando dados quantitativos e qualitativos para embasar a discussão.
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Cromieres, Fabien. "Using Scalable Run-Time Methods and Syntactic Structure in Corpus-Based Machine Translation." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142121.
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Bhooshan, Neha. "Classification of semantic relations in different syntactic structures in medical text using the MeSH hierarchy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33111.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 38).<br>Two different classification algorithms are evaluated in recognizing semantic relationships of different syntactic compounds. The compounds, which include noun- noun, adjective-noun, noun-adjective, noun-verb, and verb-noun, were extracted from a set of doctors' notes using a part of speech tagger and a parser. Each compound was labeled with a semantic relationship, and each word in the compound was mapped to its corresponding entry in the MeSH hierarchy. MeSH includes only medical terminology so it was extended to include everyday, non-medical terms. The two classification algorithms, neural networks and a classification tree, were trained and tested on the data set for each type of syntactic compound. Models representing different levels of MeSH were generated and fed into the neural networks. Both algorithms performed better than random guessing, and the classification tree performed better than the neural networks in predicting the semantic relationship between phrases from their syntactic structure.<br>by Neha Bhooshan.<br>M.Eng.
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Roux, Cheryl. "'n Oorsig van fonologiese ontwikkeling by kinders." University of Western Cape, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7482.
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Magister Artium - MA<br>Daar is 'n toenemende belangstelling in die rol wat die linguistiek speel ten opsigte van die hantering van taalgebreke by kinders. Hierdie verskynsel kan gedeeltelik aan twee ontwikkelings in die linguistiek toegeskryf word, nl. (a) die bekendmaking van 'n transformasionele grammatika soos vervat in Noam Chomsky se Syntactic Structures in 1957 en (b) die feit dat transformasionele grammatici beklemtoon
dat 'n linguistiese teorie moet kan verklaar hoe kinders taalstrukture verwerf. Dit het tot 'n hernieude belangstelling in taalverwerwing aanleiding gegee. Volgens Ingram (1976:6) kan linguiste 'n bydrae t.o.v. ten minste vyf aspekte lewer: (a) 'n boek t.o.v. algemene fonologiese aspekte moet saamgestel word; (b) 'n omvattende boek ten opsigte van die wyse waarop normale kinders die fonologie van hulle taal verwerf, moet saamgestel word; (c) 'n versameling tegnieke t.o.v. die verkryging en ontleding van kindertaal moet ontwikkel word; (d) 'n boek wat die aard van fonologiese afwykings in kinders beskryf, moet saamgestel word; (e) 'n versameling terapeutiese riglyne vir die
behandeling van fonologiese afwykings moet ontwikkel word. Wanneer ons gekonfronteer word met kinders wat aan die een
of ander taalgebrek ly, ontstaan daar onmiddellik die behoefte om die kind se taalsisteem te beskryf. Die deskriptiewe metode wat gebruik word, moet effektief genoeg wees om die kind se eie reëlsisteem uit te beeld asook die kompleksiteit van die strukture wat verwerf is.
Sommige linguiste glo dat die TGG die regte stap in hierdie rigting is.
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Anderson, Michael Don. "Ellipsis as a Diagnostic Tool of Feature Strength and the Syntactic Structure of Ilocano." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195692.
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This dissertation examines Ilocano, an Austronesian Filipino language, within the Minimalist Framework, in an effort to tease apart the general syntactic properties of the language. I show that Ilocano underlying structure can easily be captured within the standard syntactic structures proposed for languages generally (Universal Grammar). In my examination of ellipsis in Ilocano, I concern myself strictly with syntactic and not semantic properties. I show that syntactic feature distribution (e.g. [+FOC], [+NEG], [+DET]) in combination with the two basic operations of the Minimalist Program: FEATURE-CHECKING and MERGE can account for both the underlying structure of Ilocano utterances as well as the word-order at Spell-Out, without making any stipulations not found in languages generally.My research also reveals new insights and corrects existing assumptions about certain previously undiscovered underlying structural properties of Ilocano. I account for the restrictive word ordering and structure found in Ilocano by assigning a universally applicable, non-controversial set of functional and lexical features to morphemes. These features satisfy, individually or collectively, feature-checking requirements in the language, resulting in the attested output of Ilocano. The types of ellipsis considered as a diagnostic toward that end are: NP-ellipsis, Bare Argument Ellipsis/Stripping, Gapping, Sluicing and Psuedogapping. I argue that the primary mechanism which licenses ellipsis in Ilocano is FOCUS-RAISING which allows extraction of remnant material prior to ellipsis of the TP in the case of all verbal-type ellipsis in Ilocano; or the DP in terms of Ilocano NP-ellipsis.
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Douglas-Brown, Denise. "In search of syntactic symmetry : on the parallels between clausal and nominal hierarchical structure." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1461/.
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Zhang, Yi. "A corpus study of the interaction of the aspect marker le with different Chinese syntactic structures." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1354.
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Wang, Yong. "Incorporating semantic and syntactic information into document representation for document clustering." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2005. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07072005-105806.
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Švenčionienė, Dana. "The English and Lithuanian syntactic predicates and their morphosyntactic realization in technical texts." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20091112_135022-60181.
Full textAbstract:
The predicate constitutes the basis of a sentence structure and content. The predicate has been researched at length and in depth in the works of English grammars, but is still little discussed in Lithuanian academic works, especially in those concerning scientific and technical texts. The structure of the predicate cannot be approached only functionally. The characterization of the internal division and morphosyntactic structure of the verb as the predicate is quite challenging (e.g. the verb as the head and affixes as dependent indicators in the VP). Accordingly, the morphosyntactic expression of a verb form and the structure inside the predicate is very complicated.<br>Šiame darbe analizuojamas sakinio sandaros ir turinio pamatą sudarantys dviejų skirtingo tipo kalbų sintaksiniai predikatai ir jų struktūrinių tipų morfosintaksinis realizavimas daug tyrinėtas anglų kalbos gramatikos darbuose, tačiau ligi šiol mažai aptartas lietuvių kalbos moksliniuose techniniuose tekstuose. Sintaksinio predikato pamatas negali būti vertinamas tik funkciniu požiūriu. Labai svarbus veiksmažodžio (SP) struktūrinės sandaros vertinimas, lemiantis sintaksinės struktūros specifiką, kai veiksmažodis (SP) skaidomas iš vidaus (pvz., pagrindas [head] ir priklausomi rodikliai, linksniai). Veiksmažodžio sandara taip pat turi ir morfologinių, ir sintaksinių aspektų.
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Karmakar, Saurav. "Syntactic and Semantic Analysis and Visualization of Unstructured English Texts." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cs_diss/61.
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People have complex thoughts, and they often express their thoughts with complex sentences using natural languages. This complexity may facilitate efficient communications among the audience with the same knowledge base. But on the other hand, for a different or new audience this composition becomes cumbersome to understand and analyze. Analysis of such compositions using syntactic or semantic measures is a challenging job and defines the base step for natural language processing.
In this dissertation I explore and propose a number of new techniques to analyze and visualize the syntactic and semantic patterns of unstructured English texts.
The syntactic analysis is done through a proposed visualization technique which categorizes and compares different English compositions based on their different reading complexity metrics. For the semantic analysis I use Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to analyze the hidden patterns in complex compositions. I have used this technique to analyze comments from a social visualization web site for detecting the irrelevant ones (e.g., spam). The patterns of collaborations are also studied through statistical analysis.
Word sense disambiguation is used to figure out the correct sense of a word in a sentence or composition. Using textual similarity measure, based on the different word similarity measures and word sense disambiguation on collaborative text snippets from social collaborative environment, reveals a direction to untie the knots of complex hidden patterns of collaboration.
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Yamangil, Elif. "Rich Linguistic Structure from Large-Scale Web Data." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11162.
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The past two decades have shown an unexpected effectiveness of Web-scale data in natural language processing. Even the simplest models, when paired with unprecedented amounts of unstructured and unlabeled Web data, have been shown to outperform sophisticated ones. It has been argued that the effectiveness of Web-scale data has undermined the necessity of sophisticated modeling or laborious data set curation. In this thesis, we argue for and illustrate an alternative view, that Web-scale data not only serves to improve the performance of simple models, but also can allow the use of qualitatively more sophisticated models that would not be deployable otherwise, leading to even further performance gains.<br>Engineering and Applied Sciences
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Morrill, Glyn Verden. "Extraction and coordination in phrase structure grammar and categorial grammar." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6609.
Full textAbstract:
A large proportion of computationally-oriented theories of grammar operate within the confines of monostratality (i.e. there is only one level of syntactic analysis), compositionality (i.e. the meaning of an expression is determined by the meanings of its syntactic parts, plus their manner of combination), and adjacency (i.e. the only operation on terminal strings is concatenation). This thesis looks at two major approaches falling within these bounds: that based on phrase structure grammar (e.g. Gazdar), and that based on categorial grammar (e.g. Steedman). The theories are examined with reference to extraction and coordination constructions; crucially a range of 'compound' extraction and coordination phenomena are brought to bear. It is argued that the early phrase structure grammar metarules can characterise operations generating compound phenomena, but in so doing require a categorial-like category system. It is also argued that while categorial grammar contains an adequate category apparatus, Steedman's primitives such as composition do not extend to cover the full range of data. A theory is therefore presented integrating the approaches of Gazdar and Steedman. The central issue as regards processing is derivational equivalence: the grammars under consideration typically generate many semantically equivalent derivations of an expression. This problem is addressed by showing how to axiomatise derivational equivalence, and a parser is presented which employs the axiomatisation to avoid following equivalent paths.
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Lee, Yoonhyoung Gordon Peter C. "Linguistic complexity and working memory structure effect of the computational demands of reasoning on syntactic complexity /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,797.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 18, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Psychology (Cognitive Psychology)." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.
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Hall, Johan. "Transition-Based Natural Language Parsing with Dependency and Constituency Representations." Doctoral thesis, Växjö : Växjö University Press, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2367.
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