Relevant bibliographies by topics / Syntax of auxiliary verbs

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Syntax of auxiliary verbs'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Syntax of auxiliary verbs"

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Kim, Sun-Hye, and Sin-Hye Nam. "Meaning and syntax of the auxiliary verbs 'cwu-'." Society Of Korean Language And Literature 64 (May 30, 2019): 265–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15711/wr.64.0.9.

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KELLER, FRANK, and ANTONELLA SORACE. "Gradient auxiliary selection and impersonal passivization in German: an experimental investigation." Journal of Linguistics 39, no. 1 (March 2003): 57–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226702001676.

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The main purpose of this paper is to provide experimental evidence that two syntactic reflexes of split intransitivity in German – the selection of perfective auxiliaries and the impersonal passive construction – are sensitive to an aspectual/thematic hierarchy of verb classes. We show that there is a split between ‘core’ verbs that elicit categorical intuitions from native speakers, and ‘intermediate’ verbs that exhibit gradience. Furthermore, crossdialectal differences between northern and southern German with respect to auxiliary selection tend to occur only with intermediate verbs. We argue that these findings lend support to the view that the unaccusative/unergative distinction is considerably more unstable than often assumed, and suggest that projectionist theories of the lexicon-syntax interface such as those directly derived from the Unaccusative Hypothesis may not be able to account for the systematic variation exhibited by the data.
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Embick, David. "Features, Syntax, and Categories in the Latin Perfect." Linguistic Inquiry 31, no. 2 (April 2000): 185–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438900554343.

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The analysis centers on the notion of category in synthetic and analytic verbal forms and on the status of the feature that determines the forms of the Latin perfect. In this part of the Latin verbal system, active forms are synthetic (“verbs”) but passive forms are analytic (i.e., participle and finite auxiliary). I show that the two perfects occur in essentially the same structure and are distinguished by a difference in movement to T; moreover, the difference in forms can be derived without reference to category labels like “Verb” or “Adjective” on the Root. In addition, the difference in perfects is determined by a feature with clear syntactic consequences, which must be associated arbitrarily with certain Roots, the deponent verbs. I discuss the implications of these points in the context of Distributed Morphology, the theory in which the analysis is framed.
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Nolan, Brian. "Complex predicates and light verb constructions in Modern Irish." Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 27, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 140–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/resla.27.1.06nol.

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This paper characterises complex predicates and light verb constructions in Modern Irish. Light verbs are attested in many of the world’s languages (Alsina, Bresnan & Sells, 2001; Butt, 1995, 2003). Cross linguistically, there appears to be a common class of verbs involved in these constructions and generally there is agreement that light verbs contribute to the formation of complex predicates. Light verbs seem have a non-light or ‘heavy’ verb counterpart. In this paper we discuss the light verb constructions (LVC) as found in modern Irish and how they form complex predicates. We claim that the light verb (LV) encodes the event process initiation (or cause) and the matrix verb indicates the bounded component or result. In light verb constructions, the matrix verb appears in Modern Irish syntax as a verbal-noun form. The function of light verbs in these constructions is to modulate the event and sub-event semantics. We distinguish between auxiliary verbs constructions (AVC) and those constructions involving complex predicated and light verbs (Aikhenvald & Dixon, 2006; Anderson, 2006). We provide evidence based on an analysis of Irish data that shows how aspect and argument structure considerations are resolved for the complex predicate within the light verb construction via the linking system between semantics and syntax. We motivate a functional account, based on Role and Reference Grammar (Nolan, 2012; Nolan & Diedrichsen, 2013; Van Valin, 2005; Van Valin & LaPolla, 1997), that appeals to the analysis of complex predicates within a consideration of the layered structure of the clause.
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Petit, Daniel. "Between syntax and semantics." Indogermanische Forschungen 123, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 211–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2018-0008.

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Abstract The East Baltic conditional mood (e.g. Old Lithuanian duotumbiau‘I would give’) must certainly represent a recent innovation of this branch of Indo- European, but its origin raises considerable problems. At first glance it derives from a periphrasis combining the inherited supine (e.g. *duotun‘giving’) and an auxiliary *bi-of obscure origin, probably an optative or an indicative preterite of *bhuH-‘to be’. Semantically, this periphrastic structure is difficult to account for, especially if one recalls that the supine is limited to the expression of finality after verbs of motion, which cannot have been the case with an auxiliary ‘to be’. In addition, the absence of an auxiliary in the third person in Lithuanian (e.g. duotų ‘he/they would give’) and throughout the paradigm in Latvian (e.g. es, tu, viņšduotu‘I, you, he would give’, etc.) requires an explanation. In this paper I try to give a full account of the prehistory of the East Baltic conditional mood, relying on Stang’s analysis but with a more precise scenario to explain some syntactic and semantic aspects which have not yet received the attention they deserve.
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Bravo, Ana, Luis García, and Diego Gabriel Krivochen. "On Auxiliary Chains: Lexical and Functional Auxiliaries at the syntax-semantics interface." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.4.2.3612.

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The present paper is focused on the study of those relations that auxiliary verbs can establish among themselves when chained in a sequence. Regarding those sequences, which in Spanish can be considerably long, the literature has displayed primarily interest in formulating a set of principles that can predict possible relative orderings among auxiliaries. On the contrary, our paper delves into a less walked path: the description of relations established within an auxiliary chain. We will start from the traditional definition of auxiliary verb as a unit that modifies the ‘main’ or ‘lexical’ verb, and proceed to show that such a conception makes the wrong predictions when it comes to explain those internal relations, for it only accounts for a subset of the cases. This explanatory problem is common to both traditional and more formal models. In our opinion, the distinction between between <em>lexical </em>and <em>functional</em> auxiliaries that we propose in this work, in the context of a dynamic computational model that includes and derives this distinction, allows us to overcome these shortcomings of traditional analyses.
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Comer, Marie, and Renata Enghels. "La polisemia de los verbos de colocación." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 51, no. 1 (July 18, 2016): 70–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.51.1.03com.

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This article compares the syntax and semantics of the locative verbs poner and meter in Spanish with their French cognates poser and mettre. In some contexts these lexemes are clearly interchangeable, whereas in others they are not. The purpose of this study is double. First, based on a large contemporary corpus for Spanish and French, it describes the intricate polysemy of the verbs. It shows that in modern Spanish mainly poner presents more grammaticalized uses — that is as a semi-copulative or causative verb. In contrast, its near-equivalent meter behaves more frequently like a true locative verb. In French, the situation is the other way around: mettre seems to display more grammaticalized uses, mainly as inchoative auxiliary verb, than poser does. The second part of the analysis provides an explanation for this different behavior and maps out the diachronic semantic development of the verbs, from the 13th century up to now.
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Pietraszko, Joanna Aleksandra. "The Syntax of simple and compound tenses in Ndebele." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 1 (June 12, 2016): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v1i0.3716.

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It is a widely accepted generalization that verbal periphrasis is triggered by increased inflectional meaning and a paucity of verbal elements to support its realization. This work examines the limitations on synthetic verbal forms in Ndebele and argues that periphrasis in this language arises via a last-resort grammatical mechanism. The proposed trigger of auxiliary insertion is c-selection – a relation between inflectional categories and verbs.
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Reinhart, Tanya, and Tal Siloni. "The Lexicon-Syntax Parameter: Reflexivization and Other Arity Operations." Linguistic Inquiry 36, no. 3 (July 2005): 389–436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0024389054396881.

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We argue that crosslinguistic variation regarding verbal reflexivization is parametric, reflecting a broader lexicon-syntax parameter: arity operations—operations on θ-roles, which affect the valence of a predicate—can apply in the lexicon or in the syntax. The significant empirical coverage of this parameter supports the view that the lexicon must be an active component of the grammar. The discussion focuses mainly on the formation of reflexive verbs. We argue that the prevailing view that reflexive verbs have an unaccusative derivation cannot be maintained. Rather, the reflexivization operation bundles a θ-role with an external θ-role, forming a combination that must merge externally. Next, we also briefly review other arity operations: (a) reciprocalization, (b) decausativization, and (c) saturation, which is involved in the formation of passives, middles, and impersonals. Variation in auxiliary selection, owing to the application of reflexivization or other arity operations, is independent of the lexicon-syntax parameter and follows under our approach from a structural accusative Case parameter.
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MEISTERERNST, Barbara, and Barbara MEISTERERNST. "Modal verbs in Han period Chinese Part I: The syntax and semantics of kě ? and kě yǐ ?" Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 37, no. 1 (2008): 85–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1960602808x00037.

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This article focuses on a synchronic analysis of the modal auxiliary verbs ke ? and kě yǐ ? in Han period Chinese. The study reveals that in Han period Chinese ke ? and kě yǐ ? predominantly express root possibility values, while deontic values are mainly restricted to the negated form of the construction. Propositional values (either epistemic or evidential) are almost non-existent and co-occurr only with verbs that licence an evidential interpretation, a notion which is already present in Classical Chinese.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Syntax of auxiliary verbs"

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Sookgasem, Prapa. "Morphology, syntax and semantics of auxiliaries in Thai." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185107.

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This dissertation presents a study of three linguistic areas--morphology, syntax and semantics--of what have traditionally been called auxiliaries or auxiliary verbs in Thai, but what I call temporal verbs. My morphological analysis offers answers to long-term questions: What is the grammatical category of temporal verbs? What is the structure of sequences of these elements? And how are their syntactic discontinuities to be handled? My syntactic analysis investigates all possible positions of temporal verbs in both Subject-Verb-(Complement) and Verb-Subject-(Complement) sentences (Sookgasem 1989). Using Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (Pollard & Sag 1987) for my analysis, I focus on three interesting points: First, a problem with the Head Feature Principle when describing a temporal verb in a sentence. Second, a problem with the linear order of the VP constituent in the Verb-Subject-(Complement) constructions of temporal verbs. And third, a position of some temporal verbs in relation to part of its VP complement. For the semantic analysis of temporal verbs, I focus on the temporal interpretation of the Future and Aspect verbs. I argue that Thai is a tense language. To support this, I analyse Aspect in Thai and examine tense interpretation in simple sentences and all types of complex sentences. Based on the evidence, I propose a tense system in Thai. I provide definitions of Reference Time and Tenseness. I propose a Tense Assigner Hierarchy, a relation named Overlap, a semantic model for tense interpretation, and the truth conditions for tensed sentences and clauses. To provide an accurate account of tense interpretation in Thai, I analyse eventualities which include Activities, Accomplishments, Achievements and States.
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Juodytė, Lina. "Pusiau pagalbinių veiksmažodžių vaidmuo šiuolaikinėje prancūzų kalboje semantikos ir sintaksės požiūriu." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100707_114719-27530.

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Pusiau pagalbinio veiksmažodžio vaidmuo šiuolaikinėje prancūzų kalboje semantikos ir sintaksės požiūriu yra labai ženklus, nes pusiau pagalbiniai veiksmažodžiai yra dažni ir grožinėje literatūroje, ir dokumentiniame žanre, ir buityje. Kalbininkų požiūris į pusiau pagalbinius veiksmažodžius skiriasi tik dėl paties pavadinimo: pusiau pagalbiniai, veikslo, pagalbiniai veikslo veiksmažodžiai, modaliniai veiksmažodžiai, veiksmažodžių junginiai, tačiau visi kalbininkai sutaria, kad pagalbiniai veiksmažodžiai prancūzų kalboje skiriasi nuo pagalbinių veiksmažodžių tuo, kad jie išsaugo didesnę ar mažesnę semantinės reikšmės dalį ir padeda išreikšti tuos niuansus, kurių neįmanoma išreikšti morfologinėmis formomis. Tai ir yra pusiau pagalbinių veiksmažodžių vaidmuo semantikos požiūriu. Sintaksės požiūriu pusiau pagalbiniai veiksmažodžiai sudaro nedalomą junginį su tariniu, todėl yra sudėtinė tarinio dalis, kuri paklūsta visoms tradicinės gramatikos taisyklėms: yra asmenuojama, kaitoma laikais, asmenimis, derinama su skaičiumi, gimine ir tt.
Semi-auxiliary verb's role in modern French syntax and semantics is very significant because the semi-auxiliary verbs are quite frequent in literature as well as periodicals. All the linguists agree on the fact, that auxiliary verbs or pure modals do not contain any semantic meaning and serve just for grammatical purposes to express future or past times and semi-auxiliary verbs in French do contain some part of its semantic meaning and have some serious impact on the main verb. Linguists’ approaches differ only in the denomination as a semi-auxiliary or auxiliary of aspect, auxiliary aspect verbs, modal verbs, verbs compounds and so on. The semi-auxiliary verbs role consists of its semantic sens as well as its syntactic functions, as semi-auxiliary verbs tend to express the shadings of a verb, that can’t be translated by morphological means and morphological forms. On the syntactic point of view, semi-auxiliary verbs form with the infinitive an integrated combination of the predicate. It is an integral part of the predicate, where the semi-auxiliary acts as a regular verb under all rules of grammar: changes in accordance with person, singular or plural, gender, mode, time etc.
Le rôle du verbe semi-auxiliaire dans le français contemporain du point de vue sémantico- syntaxique est très important, puisque les verbes semi auxiliaires sont fréquents en belles lettres ainsi que les périodiques et le quotidien. Les approches des linguistes envers le verbe semi-auxiliaire ne diffèrent qu’en dénomination : semi-auxiliaire, auxiliaire d’aspect, les aspectuels, les modaux, causatifs, perceptifs, périphrases verbales etc. Tous les linguistes soulignent que le verbe auxiliaire est dépourvu de tout sens, et le verbe semi-auxiliaire en garde une partie sémantique plus ou moins grande. Les semi-auxiliaires aident à exprimer les nuances quand les formes morphologiques ne peuvent pas les couvrir. Le verbe semi-auxiliaire est étroitement lié à l’expression de l’aspect. Le rôle sémantique des verbes semi-auxiliaires consiste à apporter des nuances au verbe principal ou même détourner son sens, tandis que le rôle syntaxique est plus concret et consiste à précéder et faire partie intégrante du prédicat et .
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Lunguinho, Marcus Vinicius da Silva. "Verbos auxiliares e a sintaxe dos domínios não-finitos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-19062012-134154/.

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Esta tese oferece uma análise para os verbos auxiliares em geral e para os auxiliares do português em particular. A nossa proposta é a de caracterizar universalmente os verbos auxiliares como uma classe de elementos verbais que apresentam as seguintes propriedades: pertencem à categoria verbal, apresentam um traço verbal não-valorado [uV], não atribuem papel temático e compõem, juntamente com o verbo principal, um mesmo domínio oracional. A presença do traço [uV] na estrutura dos verbos auxiliares tem como consequência o fato de esses verbos selecionarem uma projeção verbal como complemento. Dentro dessa projeção estará o alvo que vai valorar esse traço não-interpretável por meio da operação Agree (Chomsky 2000, 2001). A postulação dessas quatro propriedades nos permitiu a derivação de critérios de auxiliaridade, uma reinterpretação dos critérios comumente propostos na literatura. Com esse trabalho, chegamos a uma lista de oito critérios necessários e suficientes para a definição de um verbo como auxiliar no português. Da aplicação desses critérios resultou a composição dos membros da classe dos verbos auxiliares do português: ser, ter, estar e ir. Para a análise das passivas, foi adotado o sistema de derivação por smuggling, sugerido por Collins (2005) e o auxiliar ser foi analisado como um verbo funcional que valora o traço [perfectivo] do particípio passivo. Apontamos para a existência de um outro tipo de passiva, as passivas não-canônicas, que apresentam como traço característico a presença do verbo auxiliar ter. Argumentamos que esse verbo é um produto computacional que resulta da combinação dos traços do auxiliar ser com os traços do núcleo funcional v*. Na análise dos auxiliares ter perfectivo e estar progressivo, adotamos uma postura decomposicional, tal como proposta por Kayne (1993), que deriva esses verbos a partir da incorporação de elementos preposicionais aos traços de um verbo auxiliar abstrato. Com isso, temos três verbos auxiliares que resultam da computação sintática: o auxiliar passivo ter, que é a realização dos traços [vSER v*], o auxiliar perfectivo ter, que realiza os traços [vAUX PDEPOIS] e o verbo auxiliar progressivo estar, cujo conjunto de traços inclui [vAUX PDENTRO]. Por fim o auxiliar ir é tratado como um núcleo modal que, em combinação com os traços do núcleo T, gera a interpretação de futuro.
This dissertation puts forward an analysis of auxiliary verbs in general, and of Portuguese auxiliary verbs in particular. The proposal is to universally characterize auxiliary verbs as a class of verbal elements which (i) belong to the verbal category ; (ii) have a unvalued verbal feature [uV] ; (iii) do not assign theta roles ; and (iv), together with the main verb, compose one single phrasal domain. The presence of [uV] guarantees that the auxiliary verb will select a verbal projection as its complement, within which is the target that will value the uninterpretable [uV] feature by means of the operation Agree (Chomsky 2000, 2001). The four characteristics proposed to describe auxiliary verbs allowed for the derivation of criteria of auxiliarity, a reinterpretation of the criteria usually discussed in the literature. Eight necessary and sufficient criteria define an auxiliary verb in Portuguese. The composition of THE Portuguese auxiliary class with its four members ser, ter, estar and ir resulted from the application of these eight criteria. Passives were analysed by means of the smuggling system, proposed by Collins (2005) and the auxiliary ser was considered to be a functional verb which values the [perfective] feature of the passive participle. A non-canonical passive was found to co-exist with canonical passives, one which shows the auxiliary ter. We argue that ter is the computational product of features of the auxiliary ser with features of the functional node v*. For the analysis of perfective ter and progressive estar, we have adopted a decompositional view along the lines of Kayne (1993), which derives these verbs from the incoporation of prepositional elements to the features of an abstract auxiliary verb. So, three of the Portuguese auxiliary verbs result from syntactic computation: passive ter is the manifestation of the features [vSER - v*]; perfective ter is the manifestation of the features [vAUX - PDEPOIS]; and progressive estar includes the features [vAUX - PDENTRO]. And the auxiliary verb ir is treated as a modal head, which, when combined with features of the head T, generate a future reading.
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Oger, Kimberly. "La grammaire de DO et ses emplois dans l'anaphore verbale." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL121.

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Cette thèse propose une étude transversale des principales réalisations de DO dans l'anaphore verbale en anglais, à savoir : do this/that/it, do so, ellipse post-auxiliaire (EPA) et DO britannique. Chaque anaphorique fait l'objet d'une étude approfondie fondée sur un échantillon de plusieurs centaines d'occurrences authentiques prélevées dans le BNC et le COCA, ainsi que le corpus de Bos & Spenader (2011). Plusieurs variables sont analysées, notamment le registre, la nature grammaticale de DO, les propriétés sémantiques et syntaxiques du déclencheur d'antécédent, l’identité de sujet et d'état de choses, les alternances de polarité, de modalité, d'aspect, de temps et de voix ainsi que la présence éventuelle d'adjoints contrastifs ou non contrastifs.Une attention particulière est portée au DO britannique, c'est-à-dire l'emploi de formes non finies de DO anaphorique essentiellement limité au registre conversationnel de l'anglais britannique, qui n'a jamais fait l'objet d'une étude empirique auparavant. A partir d’un échantillon de 483 occurrences prélevées dans la composante orale du BNC et vérifiées systématiquement à l'écoute, cette étude met en lumière certaines caractéristiques socio-culturelles et situationnelles qui favorisent son utilisation, en plus de ses propriétés linguistiques et discursives. Ainsi, cette étude aboutit à la conclusion que le DO britannique constitue une réalisation particulière de l'EPA, qui met en œuvre des formes non finies du DO auxiliaire
This dissertation presents research across the main types of verb-phrase anaphora involving DO, viz. do this/that/it anaphora, do so anaphora, post-auxiliary ellipsis (PAE) and British English DO. Each anaphor underwent close analysis based on a sample of several hundreds of occurrences retrieved from the BNC and the COCA, as well as Bos & Spenader's (2011) corpus. Different variables were studied including register, the grammatical status of DO, semantic and syntactic properties of antecedent triggers, identity of subjects and states of affairs, the presence or absence of contrastive and non-contrastive adjuncts, as well as polar, modal, aspectual, temporal and voice alternations.One item of particular interest involves British English DO which bears a strong resemblance to PAE, except that it involves non-finite forms of DO and is generally restricted to British conversational English. Unlike PAE, British English DO has never before been the focus of study based on empirical data. In this research, 483 naturally-occurring examples taken from the Spoken component of the BNC as well as the accompanying metadata and recorded material were fully examined. Sociolinguistic and situational information was investigated, as were the linguistic properties and discourse conditions that make the use of British English DO felicitous. The result has led to a far better understanding of the phenomenon. In particular, it was found that British English DO can be considered a sub-type of PAE, which involves non-finite forms of auxiliary DO
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Pinon, Catherine. "La nébuleuse de kān : classification des différents emplois de kāna/yakūnu à partir d'un corpus d'arabe contemporain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3078/document.

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Ce travail a pour objet d'étudier les emplois du verbe-outil kāna en arabe contemporain. 1ère partie : nous commençons par faire la synthèse des descriptions de kāna chez les grammairiens arabes et arabisants, en nous intéressant au contenu de ces descriptions ainsi qu'à leur forme et à leur adéquation avec la langue décrite. 2ème partie : pour travailler sur la langue contemporaine, nous optons pour la méthodologie de la linguistique de corpus. Après une discussion théorique et un état de la recherche en linguistique de corpus appliquée à la langue arabe, nous réfléchissons à l'élaboration de notre propre corpus, un corpus numérique, multigénérique et diatopique d'arabe contemporain écrit non dialectal. Comprenant 1,5 millions de mots, il contient à part égale des textes écrits après 2002 provenant de trois genres (blogs, littérature, presse) et de sept pays (Arabie Saoudite, Égypte, Liban, Maroc, Syrie, Tunisie, Yémen). 3ème partie : nous classifions les 15 000 occurrences du verbe kāna extraites de notre corpus et analysons leurs emplois. Nous quantifions les différents types d'emploi, de structures et d'expressions en nous efforçant de dégager les valeurs portées par ce verbe, en particulier les valeurs modales. Nous plaçons cette étude dans le cadre d'une écologie de la langue en étudiant le milieu diatopique et générique duquel les occurrences proviennent
This dissertation studies the various uses of the verb-tool kāna in contemporary Arabic. Part I. We start by reviewing how kāna has been described by Arab grammarians and Arabic specialists. We look at both content and form, evaluating the extent to which these descriptions conform to the language they describe. Part II. In order to examine the contemporary Arabic language we chose to use the corpus linguistics methodology. After outlining some theoretical considerations and providing a state of the art in corpus linguistics applied to the Arabic language, we discuss the constitution of our own corpus. This digital corpus includes three types of texts (blogs, literature, press) from seven different countries (Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia and Yemen). Numbering altogether 1.5 million words, the texts were all published after 2002. Part III. We classify 15,000 instances of kāna and analyze their uses. We quantify the various functions, patterns and expressions through which kāna is deployed, seeking to identify the values conveyed by the verb, especially modal values. We locate this study within an ecology of language by scrutinizing the diatopic and generic settings of the various occurrences
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Bukhari, Nadeem Haider. "The syntax of serial verbs in Gojri." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500946.

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Arad, Maya. "VP-structure and the syntax-lexicon interface." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287217.

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Chaphole, Solomon Rampasane. "A study of the auxiliary in Sesotho." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15827.

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Bibliography: pages 208-219.
The Auxiliary is a sadly neglected field of study in Southern African languages. The study investigates the syntactic and semantic behaviour of Auxiliaries in Sesotho. Having established that there is a category AUX in Sesotho, we then developed a descriptive framework in which auxiliaries in Sesotho participate. In this framework we posit as basic the three grammatical-semantic categories of verb phrases, namely, Tense, Aspect and Modality. The next major step was to develop formal tests which we used as defining characteristics for auxiliaries. We had to do this because the formal tests developed for English, for instance, do not work for Sesotho. The data used in this study represents samples of Sesotho as spoken by the native speakers. This work makes contributions in two areas. First, to language studies in Southern Africa and then to general linguistic theory. Since Tswana, Northern Sotho and Southern Sotho form one language group predict that the formal 'tests' we have suggested can be applied in the two Sotho languages as well. As far as Aspect, Tense and Modality are concerned, it is where this study makes a major contribution. Nowhere in Sesotho grammatical studies has either a tense or aspectual system of Sesotho been suggested or discussed. Modality has not even been referred to. In this regard the study is breaking new ground. We hope that a fresh debate will be initiated leading to vibrant discussions on comparative work. A number of studies on syntactic typology have been made. This study affords Sesotho its rightful place in the AUX debate.
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Wurmbrand, Susi. "The Syntax of Valuation in Auxiliary-participle Constructions." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/253431.

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This paper proposes that syntactic dependencies are established through Reverse Agree, a feature valuation dependency in which unvalued features are licensed (i.e., valued) by the closest c-commanding element with the appropriate valued feature. I illustrate that this view, in contrast to standard Agree or licensing under specifier-head agreement, provides a unified account of the morphological and syntactic properties of a series of Germanic parasitic participle constructions, which, so far, have been assumed to be unrelated.
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Tamrazian, Armine. "The syntax of Armenian : chains and the auxiliary." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317710/.

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The purpose of this thesis is to provide an analysis for the behaviour of the auxiliary verb in Focussed, Interrogative, Indefinite and Negative structures in Armenian. In chapter 1, a brief introduction is given to the properties of the language in general including word order, island effects and the data concerning auxiliary 'movement' . The auxiliary in Armenian always follows the focussed or Wh-Phrase. Negation and indefinites also trigger auxiliary movement in this language. In declaratives the auxiliary follows the verb. On the other hand there is evidence to show that elements which are followed by the auxiliary are in situ. The question that arises here is how can the auxiliary appear on these elements if they are in situ? The answer to this question is given in the next chapter. The Armenian data are then compared to some data from Basque which seems to have similar focus- and Wh-constructions. It is then argued that the analysis given by Laka for the Basque data in 'Negation in Syntax' cannot account for the Armenian data because Basque has overt focus movement whereas Armenian has only auxiliary movement. In chapter 2, Chomsky's minimalist theory and Brody's Lexico-Logical Form theory are summarized. It is then argued that by using Brody's LLF theory, the Armenian data can be explained in a principled way. A structure for the Armenian clauses is introduced in this chapter and, on evidence from indefinites and case theory, it is argued that although Armenian is an SOV language, it has a head initial IP and VP. This follows from Kayne's 'Antisymmetry in Syntax' where it is argued that all languages are head initial. In chapter 3, multiple Wh constructions are analyzed. A summary of Rudin's 'On Multiple Questions and Multiple WH Fronting' article is given, and the Armenian data are compared with data from some of the Slavic languages which Rudin deals with. It is then argued that in Armenian Wh constructions and Focussed constructions are subcases of the same process. Evidence is then provided to show that in Armenian Wh-phrases must be licensed as [+f] elements and partial 'Wh-movement' is a result of this licensing requirement. In chapter 4, indefinites and negative structures are analyzed. It is argued that the cliticization of the auxiliary onto the indefinite takes place because indefinites do not get case although they may appear in the spec of AGROP. For negative constructions, it is argued that because negation is a [+f] element it must have the auxiliary cliticized onto it like all other [+f] elements. Finally it is argued that the the reason why the auxiliary follows negation and precedes the verb has to do with the fact that the heads involved in creating this structure do not 'move' head to head. Evidence is then given to show that it is possible to have such structures without violating the ECP.
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Books on the topic "Syntax of auxiliary verbs"

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Auxiliaries in Igbo syntax: A comparative study. Bloomington, Ind. (310 Lindley Hall, Bloomington 47405): Indiana University Linguistics Club, 1985.

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Bu yu tong xiang guan cheng fen de ju fa yu yi guan xi: Buyu tong xiangguanchengfen de jufa yuyi guanxi. Kaifeng Shi: Henan da xue chu ban she, 2010.

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Cocchi, Gloria. La selezione dell'ausiliare. Padova: Uni Press, 1995.

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Bu yu tong xiang guan cheng fen de ju fa yu yi guan xi: Buyu tong xiangguanchengfen de jufa yuyi guanxi. Kaifeng Shi: Henan da xue chu ban she, 2010.

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Öhlschläger, Günther. Zur Syntax und Semantik der Modalverben des Deutschen. Tübingen: M. Niemeyer, 1989.

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"Gu zun xiu yu yao" dai ci zhu ci yan jiu. Wuchang: Wuhan da xue chu ban she, 1998.

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Janssen, Hero. Verbstellung und Satzstruktur im Englischen. Tübingen: G. Narr, 1993.

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English auxiliaries: Structure and history. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

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Die Modalverben im Deutschen: Grammatikalisierung und Polyfunktionalität. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1999.

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"No da" no bun to sono nakama: Bunkōzō ni sokushite kangaeru. Tōkyō: Sanseidō, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Syntax of auxiliary verbs"

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Zagona, Karen. "Auxiliary Verbs in $$ \bar X $$ -Theory." In Verb Phrase Syntax: A Parametric Study of English and Spanish, 27–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2717-9_2.

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Butt, John, and Carmen Benjamin. "Modal auxiliary verbs." In A New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish, 307–11. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8368-4_21.

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Byon, Andrew Sangpil. "Auxiliary verbs I." In Modern Korean Grammar Workbook, 50–53. New York : Routledge-Taylor & Francis Group, [2017] | Series: Routledge Modern Grammars: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315178158-13.

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Byon, Andrew Sangpil. "Auxiliary verbs II." In Modern Korean Grammar Workbook, 54–56. New York : Routledge-Taylor & Francis Group, [2017] | Series: Routledge Modern Grammars: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315178158-14.

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Byon, Andrew Sangpil. "Auxiliary verbs III." In Modern Korean Grammar Workbook, 57–60. New York : Routledge-Taylor & Francis Group, [2017] | Series: Routledge Modern Grammars: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315178158-15.

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Byon, Andrew Sangpil. "Auxiliary verbs III." In Intermediate Korean:, 40–46. 2nd ed. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge grammar workbooks: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003096610-6.

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Byon, Andrew Sangpil. "Auxiliary verbs I." In Intermediate Korean:, 23–31. 2nd ed. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge grammar workbooks: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003096610-4.

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Byon, Andrew Sangpil. "Auxiliary verbs II." In Intermediate Korean:, 32–39. 2nd ed. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge grammar workbooks: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003096610-5.

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Mackenzie, Ian. "Perfect Auxiliary Selection." In Unaccusative Verbs in Romance Languages, 103–61. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230627550_5.

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Burzio, Luigi. "Intransitive Verbs and Auxiliaries." In Italian Syntax, 20–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4522-7_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Syntax of auxiliary verbs"

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SANGHEUM, Yeon. "UNDERSTANDING OF UZBEK AND KOREAN AUXILIARY VERBS." In UZBEKISTAN-KOREA: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION. OrientalConferences LTD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ocl-01-28.

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Uzbek and Korean are characterized by agglutination. When comparing and contrasting the two languages, we can find quite a few similarities in the conjugation of verbs, especially auxiliary verbs, where the characteristics of the agglutinating language are most prominent. In the use of auxiliary verbs, the two languages ​​are similar in semantically as well as in simple structural aspects, and there are many cases where the same meaning is expressed using the auxiliary verb. On the other hand, there are differences as well, but there is still a lack of comparative studies between the two languages ​​on the corresponding grammar item. In addition, errors in the most common and widely used Google translator can also be found. Although there were no major problems in conveying simple meanings, sentence construction using auxiliary verbs was not performed properly. By briefly introducing these problems, it was found that the necessity for contrast study and corpus construction between the two languages was required.
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Lee, Hyang-Mi, and Mun-Koo Kang. "An Analysis of English Modal Auxiliary Verbs in Middle School English Textbooks." In Education 2016. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2016.127.36.

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Milicevic, Jasmina. "Cliticization of Serbian Personal Pronouns and Auxiliary Verbs. A Dependency-Based Account." In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Dependency Linguistics (Depling, SyntaxFest 2019). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-7708.

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"INCONSISTENT USAGE OF PRIMARY AUXILIARY VERBS AMONG ESL STUDENTS AND SOLUTION: A CASE STUDY." In 2nd National Conference on Translation, Language & Literature. ELK Asia Pacific Journals, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.16962/elkapj/si.nctll-2015.16.

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Yadrintsev, V. V., А. A. Ryzhova, and I. V. Sochenkov. "DISTRIBUTIONAL MODELS AND AUXILIARY METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE HYPERNYMS OF WORDS IN RUSSIAN." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-762-772.

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This paper describes our participation in the first shared task on Automatic Taxonomy Construction for the Russian language RUSSE’2020. The goal of this task is the following: input words (neologisms that are not yet included in the taxonomy) need to be associated with the appropriate hypernyms from an existing taxonomy. For example, for the input word “duck”, it is expected that participants will provide a list of its ten hypernyms-synsets to which the word can most likely be attributed, such as “animal,” “bird” and so on. An input word can refer to one, two, or more “parents” at the same time. In this article we are trying to answer the following question: what results can be achieved using only “raw” vectors from distributional models without additional training? The article presents the results for several pre-trained models that are based on fastText, Elmo, and BERT algorithms. Also, an outof-vocabulary analysis was performed for the models under consideration. Taking into account all public scores from the leaderboards, we showed the results corresponding to the following places in the ranking: the 3rd place on public nouns, the 2nd on private nouns, the 4th on public verbs, and the 4th on private verbs.
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Eckle-Kohler, Judith. "Verbs Taking Clausal and Non-Finite Arguments as Signals of Modality – Revisiting the Issue of Meaning Grounded in Syntax." In Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1077.

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Garibyan, Armine. "Complements vs. adjuncts and mouse-controlled reading." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0022/000437.

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The relationship between sentence processing and cognitive demand has received a lot of attention in the past decades. In valency theory, some elements of the sentence are determined by the verbs either in terms of their form or by their presence (Herbst & Schüller 2008). It has to be said that little attention has been paid to the processing of such fundamental categories in the theory of syntax. On the one hand, this is remarkable since given the amount of research, we still do not know whether this distinction is psychologically real, or whether it only serves a lexicographic and pedagogical purpose. On the other hand, there is a consensus among linguists about the problematic character of the distinction itself even on a more theoretical level (Dowty 2000; Herbst & Schüller 2008). Therefore, this study attempts to explore whether complements and adjuncts are associated with different kinds of processing. To answer the research questions, an experiment consisting in a mouse-controlled reading task has been designed. To the best of our knowledge, this is a new method in psycholinguistic research. The paper presents the results of a pilot study.
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