Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Syntaxe du français'
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Mallet, Catherine. "La fonction syntaxique ‘sujet’ en néerlandais et en français contemporains." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040248.
Full textThis linguistic study deals with the syntax of French and Dutch. It aims at analyzing the contrast in the syntactic function ‘subject’ in both languages. It is based on the theoretical framework provided by the French functionalist André Martinet who considers the syntactic functions as ‘linguistic signs’ composed of a ‘signifier’(their aspect) and a ‘signified’(their meaning). It thus starts with assessing the differences in the ‘signifiers’ of the function and goes on with a tentative contrastive analysis of the contents of the function itself, the ‘signified’. This analysis is based on the assumption of a “subjectal configuration” (Lazard 1994) specific to each of the languages in which the notion of subject is relevant.It is an element of the studies conducted in recent years to contrast French and Dutch, usually for teaching purposes. However the theoretical interest of examining the structures of these two languages in which the sentence structure is subject to different rules exceeds the sheer needs of teaching each language to the native speakers of the other. An examination of the syntactic function ‘subject’, which represents an essential element of the sentence, provides a good angle of attack to the tricky comparison between the structures of a Germanic sentence and those of a Roman language such as French, which is characterized by its preference for placing the subject before the verb it governs
Marcu, Tiberiu. "Constructions temporelles réduites en français moderne." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20069.
Full textThis thesis proposes the analysis of a category of structures that the author terms “reduced temporal constructions”, which, under certain syntactic and semantic conditions, play a role in the temporal arranging of the discourse. The main characteristics of these structures are: the subordination character, the lack of the verb for a conjugated tense, the secondary predication, the possibility of being paraphrased by a “complete” temporal clause, the fact that they refer to a stage within a temporal range. Detachment in front of the main clause (very often at the beginning of the complex sentence) is also a defining feature of delimiting the class. The constructions in view are divided into two classes: 1. Constructions based on preposition plus noun syntagm; 2. Detached constructions based on past participle, noun, adjective, adverbial elements of spatial localisation, present participle or gerund
Galal, Abdel Wahab Moustafa Mohamed. "Les constructions exceptives du français et de l’arabe : syntaxe et interface sémantique-syntaxe." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100001/document.
Full textThis research takes an interest the syntax of exceptive constructions (ECs) and its correspondence with semantic within two languages: French and Arabic. Based on a corpus of authentic examples, we suggest a classification of ECs into two major categories with dissimilar syntactic behaviors: the paradigmatic-ECs, which are syntactically related to coordination and the hypotactic-ECs, which are contrarily related to subordination. We will focus our analysis on the markers sauf, excepté, hormis, etc. and analyze them as particular case of paradigmatic lists/piles, in which two segments of the utterance pile up on the same syntactic position and whose most famous case is coordination. This analysis is different from the one generally associated with these markers in French grammars and dictionaries which consider them as prepositions. For Arabic, we propose a tripartite classification of ECs that considers the specificities of Arabic relative to French. In addition to the paradigmatic-ECs and the hypotactic-ECs, we identify, in Arabic, a third class, the paratactic-ECs, which are constructions with a verbal head that belong to the parataxis, a process particularly developed in Arabic. Our analyzes lead us to consider the markers ʾillā, ġayr and siwā in Arabic as coordinating conjunctions. These items, like their French counterparts, relate two elements where X on the right of the marker and Y on the left form paradigmatic lists/piles, in the sense that they fulfill the same syntactic function in the utterance. We analyze the lexical items ʿadā (mā-ʿadā), ẖalā (mā-ẖalā), ḥāšā (mā-ḥāšā) as verbs. These verbs introduce a clause that maintains a parataxic relation with the preceding clause. Finally, we consider the items bistiṯnā'i and biẖilāfi as prepositive phrases introducing a sequence that maintains a subordinate relationship with the main clause
Lafontaine, Fanny. "Description syntaxique des usages de la forme alors que en français contemporain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3103.
Full textA number of recent studies dealing about the syntactic properties of French subordinating conjunctions such as que (which, who, that) (Deulofeu, 1999a), quand (when) (Benzitoun, 2006a), si (if) (Corminboeuf, 2009) or parce que, quoique, puisque and bien que (because, since, although) (Debaisieux, 2006) have brought an increased awareness of the various grammatical behaviors of such forms, which definitely cannot be reduced to a simple relation of syntactic dependency. Using this approach, the present dissertation will attempt to offer a precise account of the conjunction alors que (whereas) as it is used in spoken and written contemporary French. It will be demonstrated that the constructions introduced by alors que can be classified into five main syntactic types, only one of them presenting a truly “subordinating” effect. In addition to analyzing their specific syntactic structure, our different types will be described according to their particular semantic value
Feuillard, Colette. "La syntaxe fonctionnelle dans le cadre des théories linguistiques contemporaines." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H037.
Full textThe concept of function, as opposed to the notion of case (cf. Fillmore, Anderson, syntagm,moneme, syntaxeme, etc. . . , and to describe the operational procedures
Ilinski, Kirill. "La syntaxe atypique de la préposition en français." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040145.
Full textKim-Gautier, Miran. "Constructions de "ça" générique : syntaxe et sémantique." Strasbourg 2, 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/KIM-GAUTIER_Miran_2007.pdf.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to approach the problems which raise the construction of generic ça and to show its particularity with supporting the demonstrative pronoun ça. In the first part, we will show the status of ça as an anaphoric demonstrative pronoun. More exactly, a great variety of deictic and anaphoric aspects of this pronoun, having specified the meaning of the demonstrative ça. We study also (left or right) dislocation, topicalisation, and connotation. The second part approaches the relations between the NPs and ça. After looking the classical generic articles les, le and un as well as their combinative possibility with ça, we enlarge the application's domain of ça to other partitive quantifiers -des, du, certains, plusieurs, quelques, beaucoup de, to numerals and even to the demonstrative adjectifs. Finally, we compare the construction of generic ça with other construction : il y a. . . Qui et c'est. . . Qui
Bruno, Christophe. "Les survivances du vocatif dans le français parlé." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958810.
Full textSkrovec, Marie. "Répétitions : entre syntaxe en temps réel et rhétorique ordinaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10078.
Full textNiyongabo-Ndayisaba, Marie-Florida. "Sémio-syntaxe comparée du français et du kirundi." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR2012.
Full textCoiffet, Benoît. "Étude des emplois de l'adjectif invarié en français." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20057/document.
Full textIn this study, we analyze verb combinations formed by placing an adjective to the right of a verb (such as "to eat organic" or "to buy French"). Placed in this position, the adjective is incidental to the verb from a syntactical point of view. However, as a defining element, it requires supporting elements, which are systematically absent from the statement. The absence of these semantical supports causes the adjective to be grammatically invariable, and for that reason, we speak of "invariable" adjectives. It can be maintained that, in this syntactical environment, an adjective finds itself in the place of another linguistic structure of which it is the prototypical function and with which it appears to be in competition: the adverb.It appears that, in this syntactical contest, an invariable adjective bears upon several elements. In certain cases, it can be a matter of elements belonging to the argumental structure of the verb, such as the unexpressed object. In other cases, it can involve elements that do not necessarily belong to the argumental structure (as in the combination "to bike + useful"). In this study, we postulate that it can thus be a complement describing the manner
Jung, Kyunghee. "Etude syntaxique de la proposition pour." Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA131019.
Full textThis thesis aims to describe the french preposition pour, which will be considered as a lexico-grammatical item. Following the principle of the largest number of arguments, the study examines the proposition at the level of sentence structure. A category of uses is first examined in which the phrase introduced by pour is complement to an operator (either a verb, a noun or an adjective), and it is shown thaht the preposition plays the part of an argument indicator. The concept "objet classes" is used to illustrate the semantic nature of the operators. The second part deals with adverbial phrases introduced by pour. The role of classifying nominale of modality is emphasized. Whenever such a nominal is not present in the surface structure, the deletion hypothesis has been prefered to postulation a predicative us of the preposition. The last part examines the structures of those set phrases which are formed with the preposition pour
Leem, Jaiho. "Les "petites propositions" en français contemporain : syntaxe et interprétation." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100039.
Full textThis dissertation is concerned with small clauses in contemporary French. The conclusions of our study in the framework of the `spatial theory of syntax' are among other things as follows :(I) The sentence is not verbal by definition : it can be verbal, but nominal as well (i. E. S --> NP-VP or NP-Pred(icate)P (Pred is not verbal)). (II) Small clauses are nominal sentences. They can occur as independent clauses in specific contexts such as newspaper headlines or rudimentary speech, and in this case, they are organized in the Sn(ominal) syntactic domain. Also, nominal sentenses can occupy the verb complement position (more precisely, they can occupy either verb 'near complement' position (NP), or verb `distant complement' position (Sn}) and the complement position of the preposition avec (NP) in the absolute construction introduced by this preposition. On the other hand, nominal sentences cannot occupy the subject position of a sentence. (III) When the subject position of a small clause is empty, the copula may fill this position. It is a redundant element, but its presence can produce a semantic effet. (IV) The absence of the autonomous tense in small clauses is a consequence of the lack of the VP position in the structure of nominal sentences. This is why small clauses are associated with a “purely” predicative interpretation. As for the predicative interpretation associated with small clauses, it is the property of the domain S or NP achieved by the members of this domain which constitute the structural order of juxtaposition. (V) The agreement observed in small clauses is the morphological form marking the predication relation between two members of small clauses, subject and predicate. (VI) There are constructions associated with the predicative interpretation which don't form a constituent (e. G. The complement structure of the verb trouver). These constructions are organized in the “purely domanial syntactic domain”
Gavriilidou, Zoé. "Etude comparée des suites NN en français et en grec : élaboration d'un lexique bilingue." Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA131024.
Full textIn this phd thesis we have tried to investigate double noun constructions (dncs) e. G. Question-cle 'key question'. @@@@@-@@@@@@@ 'frame-law' in french and greek. Our aim was to arrive to an automatic treatment of this kind of constructions. We also elaborated a bilingual electronic dictionary (french-greek) of dncs. We first undertook a general linguistic description of dncs from a morphological, syntactic and semantic point of view. The first chapter deals with the notion of compounding and lexicalization in french and greek. In the second chapter we examine the notion of head, the origin of the model and the presence of hyphen between n1 and n2. In the third chapter we propose a categorization of dnc which presents three branches : coordinative, attributive and complementive constructions. Each class presents distinct semantic and syntactic properties. This categorization together with the formalization of information concerning dncs is necessary for their automatic treatment. The fourth and fifth chapters describe the proposed categorisation in detail. In the sixth chapter we present the structure of our data base. The seventh chapter deals with the syntactic behavior of predicative dncs. In the eighth chapter we present non predicative dnc. S the ninth chapter describes dncs from a semantic point of view. Finally, the tenth chapter contains a didactic or teaching approach to dncs. The theoretical framework of lexicon-grammar elaborated by m. Gross has helped us to describe - in a formalized way - the syntactic behavior of predicative dncs. We have also used the theoretical model of object classes proposed by g. Gross in order to describe non-predicative dncs. The same model makes it possible to formulate rules concerning productivity and semantic compatibility between the first and second elements of dncs. Finally, we studied metaphorical dncs in terms of prototype theory
Mahmudova, Sabina. "Analyses linguistiques des proverbes français et azerbaïdjanais." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAC008.
Full textThe proverb, a simple but at the same time enigmatic linguistic form, is the one of the oldest genres. This is a form of the oral speech existing in all cultures of the world. The use of proverbs in the spoken language enriches the speech, and their illocutionary power in human communication is still striking. Proverbs have long been neglected by linguists, as in the course of time they were considered as frozen expressions and have not arose any particular interest in terms of language.This research paper emphasizes the study of linguistic, particularly semantic influence of proverbs in the oral speech; our task is the study of specific features of proverbs in French and Azerbaijani and their comparison. The first part of the paper is actually theoretical. During examination of various issues, specifically metaphoricalness, semantics, argumentation, and universality as well as artistic and cultural aspects of the mode, there are revealed the definitive and prototypical features of the proverbial speech.The second part is devoted to the comparative analysis of French and Azerbaijani proverbs from the perspective of intercultural parmioligy. The comparison was carried out mainly at the syntactic and semantic levels and applied to two lists of proverbs (chapters I-III). In the fourth and final chapter entitled « Problems of translation and equivalence » is researched the possibility of obtaining of a semantic equivalence in the analysis of paremies in various working languages. We therefore had recourse to use of images - the linguistic means which bring to light a number of representations of an extra-linguistic reality. The paper ends with the conclusion of the research; an attachment including two detailed lists of Azerbaijani and French proverbs and a bibliography containing the articles, papers and web sites referred to
Kerfelec, Valérie. "L'exclamation : syntaxe, sémantique, pragmatique en anglais et en français." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040148.
Full textThe 'exclamatory examples' given by linguistic and grammatical reference books or even by native speakers when asked are extremely varied in number and quality. This goes well beyond the usual confusions typically brought about by the categories of Traditional Grammar. Eventually one has to admit there exists a wide gap between how confident the speaker feels about naming proper forms and how uncertain the actual contours of the category are. Accordingly the aim of our research is not so much to design a theory of exclamation as to understand the way it functions. This implies investigating the phenomenon without losing sight of the forms that make it up and considering how one proceeds from exclamation to exclamations and exclamatory sentences. The analysis is based on a corpus of 672 examples illustrating all the disparities observed and includes critical reading of past and current literature on the subject. All the forms and hypotheses that can be met with being thus gathered , the analysis tries to select among them or synthesize them. It generalizes whenever possible but is mainly set on discriminating and classifying , so as to come to a better understanding of what exclamation can possibly be both in extension and intention
Stanojevic, Veran. "Syntaxe et sémantique des noms de nombre en français." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070011.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is a formal-semantic treatment of numerals. The syntactic analysis shows that numerals in French seize the position of specifiers of numeral projection. I claim that the numeral projection is enough for a semantic treatment. I analyze three types of approach concerning the interpretation of indefinites: a quantifying approach, a reference one and the approach by ambiguity. I try, within the Generalized Quantifier Theory, to define the difference between bare and modified numerals. The opposition between the total and partial information, shows that numerals are the only indicators of partial information in the model. The treatment of plural phrases introduced by a numeral proves that numerals are not specified as for the opposition collective-distributive. I approach the problem of overgeneration faced by the standard approaches at the treatment of multiple quantification by incorporating in my system the theory of logical form of Beghelli and Stowell
Feuillet, Jean. "Relativisation, parataxe et syntaxe en occitan et en français." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082208.
Full textThis thesis is born of a triple interest : - an interest in Romance linguistics and dialectology : I propose to ascribe the fragmentation of Occitan in the Renaissance to an abandonment, appearing gradual when considering Occitania from North to South, of enclisis. - An interest in psychoanalysis : in the structure and morphology of imperatives, in the fact that an unmarked verbal form is necessarily related to an address and that its descriptive value depends on that relation, I see evidence that language functions in an indicial as well as in a symbolic way (and I give a particular meaning to Chomsky's Extended Projection Principle). - An interest in intonation facts : in the possibility of asserting the juxtaposition they got up, it was six conjointly, of giving it the meaning " when they got up, it was six " or on the contrary " they got up, since it was six " by focusing the second and the first clause - respectively, I recognize a discursive - temporal - dimension to sentences. According to the first eventuality, its real context - its point of insertion within a particular chain of events - is being represented in the asserted clause (cf. , for a relation of strict contiguity rather than superposition in the narrative sequence, they got up, no one reacted). In the second case, the adjunct clause, as a subsequent term, cannot coincide with the immediate context : its link with the main clause is presupposed in an absolute way, is representative of causality. A thorough analysis of the prosodic structuring of sentences - an analysis totally independent of punctuation - bears testimony as well to their inscription in time. The constraints known by the dislocation of temporal complements show that these latter are related to global sequences rather than to constituents. Dislocation also leads to the parallel definition of two ways of identifying ordinary references : one, corresponding to the logic of sets, bound to government (and varying minimally across tongues, according to enclisis in particular), the other, binary, oppositional, characterizing partitives, or even personal pronouns and vocatives. All these views offering a frame, eventually, for a description of relative clauses
Soulet, Valérie. "Les énoncés averbaux en français et en anglais : conditions d’occurrence, interprétations, traductions et recherche d’un invariant." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30048/document.
Full textOur aim in this dissertation is to shed new light on verbless predication in English and French, within the theoretical framework developed by Antoine Culioli (TOE). The focus is accordingly on verbless utterances rather than verbless sentences. A general definition of verbless utterances is first given. These should not be confused with elliptical constructions, apposition and secondary predication. A typology of verbless utterances is first set up. We then provide a characterization of the different discourse types in which they occur (literature, news media, museum texts and captions, signposting, advertising). Verbless utterances, it is shown, share common, stable features, irrespective of their use and interpretation. Syntactic differences between English and French are outlined. The need for an interpretative continuum is highlighted. So is the need to underscore the dialogical dimension of verbless utterances, as well as their crucial connection to the present, i.e. to the speech situation and implied contextual parameters. The metaphorical concept of proximity is applied to describe the relationship between the speaker and the extralinguistic situation, the addressee, the modality and the propositional content of the verbless utterance
Richard, Élisabeth. "La répétition : syntaxe et interprétation." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES1015.
Full textBélanger, Alain. "Le problème des groupes N de N et sa solution en lexique-grammaire : les constructions NO avoir Dét Na de Nb W." Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA131023.
Full textThis work deals with the linguistic representation problem of n de n predicative groups in contemporary franch in the theoretical and methodological framework of lexicon-grammar (m. Gross 1975; z. Harris 1976, 1991). The solution adopted in lexicon-grammar (g. Gross 1987, 1988) establishes that thousands of n de n groups are compound words and that they must receive the same lexicographic treatment as the simple words. The analysis of linguistic facts in the harrissan theoretical framework, on which lexicon-grammar is based, shows that the predicative groups with the carrier verb avoir present various relations of equivalence with others constructions, that their components can receive modifyers and that the first noun of the group is the predicative nucleus which selects the arguments of the sentence. This analysis is correlated of the studies realized on compound words : there is not any formal criterion which permits to identify, in the n de n group set, the groups which are compounds nouns. This identification is just based on personal judgements. We licence in this manner a new documentary research program which consists of recognizing, in the n de n groups set, the groups which incorporate an equivalence relations sub-system. This set will receive a lexico-syntactic treatment and not just a lexical one. The others will be inserted in the dictionnary and in the lexicon-grammars with precaution, because this relational sub-system experts a systematic pression on the language which can result its reanalysis as nominal groups
Zhang, Hua. "Syntaxe chinoise et méthodes comparatives en syntaxe et sémantique des langues chinoise, française et anglaise." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0313.
Full textThe comparative methods are used to examine the syntax of the chinese, french and english languages. A systematic analysis of nuclear sentences and simple ones of 1900 common chinese verbs concentrates on the order of the words and their semantic role. Each verb is submitted to a test of 9 possibilities in the subject and 14 possibilities in the object. To each of these syntatic and or semantic cases is given one chapter to discuss wy it exists and what its french and english equivalences should be. That shows the chinese and western linguists have very different knowledge of grammatical terms like subject and object, the reason from there so much confusion and misunderstanding between them. A comparison of 17 chinese auxiliary verbs to the french and english modalities holds a plac as well. We submit also each of 1900 verbs to a test of the acceptation possibility of 6 action aspects and 7 verbal complements, represented by one or two ideograms, because of them the chinese syntax is more concise, stable and regular than the french or english syntax, which must appeal to a great number of morphological and syntactic changes to express the same meaning. That is why chinese is a semantic language, whose the prevailing structure is : agent, verb and patient. Isn't that a feature of linguistic universals and one of the basic requirements of a "pivot" language?
Henkel, Daniel. "L'adjectif en anglais et en français : Syntaxe, Sémantique et Traduction." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040185.
Full textThe argument put forward herein is that a quantitative parallel study of a linguistic phenomenon is bettersuited to the comparative study of two linguistic systems than the observation of the same phenomenon intranslation. The adjectival categories in English and French were studied in such a manner. Common criteriafor identification were first defined from a typological perspective. Then, in two bilingual corpora oftranslated texts of around 10,000 words each, around 1,800 NPs were manually inventoried and labeled ineach language either as having no attributive or predicative adjective, or one or more attributive adjectives, orone or more predicative adjectives, or both at the same time. Other contextual parameters (determiner,syntactic function of the NP, presence of prepositions or relative clauses in the NP, marks of intensity,semantic class of the noun) were manually inventoried as well. Two predominantly literary corpora of around5 million words in each language were collected using common criteria, and tagged with part of speechlabels. Regex searches were used to evaluate the predisposition for attributive or predicative function, andsensitivity to intensifiers of each adjective. The quantitative parallel study of adjectives revealedconvergences between English and French regarding the interactions with determiners, divergences in regardto prepositions, as well as a statistical correlation between the compatibility with predicative function andreceptivity to intensifiers. None of these tendencies
Le, Pesant Denis. "La regle de montee une regle pour l'analyse des constructions relatives, des descriptions definies, des extractions et des phrases interrogatives. Syntaxe du francais." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070017.
Full textWe borrowed from j. R. Vergnaud the principle of the analysis according the rule of raising. For us there is one condition to raising: the np that is to be raised must be provided with an indefinite determiner. The np is shifted to the head of the sentence. Besides it is provided with the discontinuous unit "le. . . Qu-": je vois un homme. L'homme que je vois. We have mainly distinguished two relativizations. We start from a basic structure with two sentences such as: si je vois un homme s2 (e) est luc relativization 1: the gap in s2 is filled by a np produced by raising in s1. S1 is then erased. We have got: l'homme que je vois est luc. Relativization 2: same process as seen above, without the erasing of s1. The np embedded in s2 is converted, according morphosyntactic rules, into one of the forms of the relative pronoun or into other pronominal forms. We have got either "je vois un homme qui est luc" or "je vois un homme. Celui-ci est luc". Thus relativization is a particular case of pronominalization. Besides it appeared to us that a np generated by raising is underlying in every definite np, except if it is a name or a noun referring to a unique thing. We eventually tried to use raising in the analysis of extractions (c'est. . . Qu-) and interrogative sentences
ELYACOUB, RABADI, and (NAJIB). "La notion de constituant syntaxique du francais. L'interaction des theories linguistiques et des grammaires scolaires de 1843 a nos jours." Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO20076.
Full textThis theses studies the concept (notion) of << constituent>>: its routes (origins) and its evolution, through the pedagogy and different linguistic theoris. The methology of this research depends on the attentive lecture of 100 scolary manuels from 1843 until 1996. These books concern the french mother language (flm) and french as a foreign language (fle). This research contains two parts: the first part studies the theorical bigining of the concept (unecessary the term) of <> at the great grammairiens and linguists: du marsais with his processure << faire la construction >>, the avancers of bloomfield with <> (= group of words), saussure with <> (= phrase), and <> of tesniere who hierarchise these constituents, refusing the conception of aristote dichotomy. And then, the real distributionalist creators and the generativist continuors who will be getting to a certain compromise with the <> which will be adopted by the holders of new syntax. The second part shows the interaction of the scolary manuels which are often written by teachers who are near the field of this discipline. The pedagogy of languages, especially the french as foreign language, commands the methods. The analyses or the signs has been prefigurated by those pedagogue grammairiens. Finally, this research ends by a synthetic vision of the interaction between values (semantic) system, the state of the discipline and the pedagogy
Roubaud, Marie-Noëlle. "Etude des constructions pseudo-clivées dans le cadre de l'"approche pronominale"." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX10054.
Full textSavelli, Marie-José. "Contribution à l'analyse macro-syntaxique : les constructions "siamoises" du type : "Plus v1... Plus v2..."." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10052.
Full textJoulin, Jacqueline. "L'alternative en francais. Une approche syntaxico-semantique." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR20017.
Full textIn french, the idea of alternative is conveyed by the word "alternative" and its derivatives, but also througt a number of linking words. The french words "alternance" and "alternative", semantically close, are different when you consider the manner in which they apprehend the related terms: the "alternance" determines elements whose main feature is that they are realized whereas the elements of the "alternative" appear as mere possibilities. This distinction can be shown using the conjunction "et" in the case of the alternance and of "ou" in the case of the alternative. Thus the alternance can be related to the process, the elements being apprehented in a same lapse of time, whereas the alternative is caracterized by "interchangeability". The terms that indicate the alternative define a set of values likely to validate the predicative relation. With the conjunction "reduplicated ou" or "soit. . . Soit" this set is a closed one, the linked elements each representing a field that is semantically distinct and covering all the possibilities of valadition. Therefore, the use of restrictive words and of words evoking doubt or correction leads to deviant ulterances. "ou", because is doesn't close off the set of all possibilities, allows a broader use and is likely to connect terms ranging from antonymy to "double denomination"; this last used can be related either by "reduplicated ou" or by "soit. . Soit". The symetric interpretation of alternative coordination or of alternative questions is challenged by rules governing the order of the related elements. The notion of enunciative rupture, the concern about the semantics of the elements (e. G. Moral values) or about particular phenomenor (e. G. "reprise") account better for this type of construction
Avanzi, Mathieu. "L' interface prosodie/syntaxe en français : Dislocations, incises et asyndètes." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100065.
Full textA hypothesis that is widely shared is that prosodic structure relies on the identification of boundaries and syllabic prominences of different degrees. Differences exist among scholars in the methods they employ to identify this structure. There are at least two distinct approaches: (i) one guided by hypotheses, which assumes that prosodic structure can be predicted on the basis of syntax, information structure and metrical organization; (ii) an alternative, data-driven approach, which takes only those parameters that can be derived from perceptual and acoustic data as meaningful for defining prosodic structure. My research is clearly part of the second paradigm. In order to describe French prosodic structure, I developed, with the help of specialists in automatic language processing, a piece of software named Analor. The purpose of this software tool is to detect major prosodic breaks and prominent syllables solely on the basis of acoustic cues. Identifying prominences and boundaries of different strengths is important in describing spoken French. This makes it possible to test some widely-shared intuitions about the relation of prosody and syntax (such as, a left-dislocated constituent is always followed by a strong prosodic break, or, the deletion of qu- in spoken French is compensated for prosodically). It also becomes possible to offer new descriptions of some constructions that are not well-accounted for by syntax alone (as in the case of temporal parataxis), and to bring new data to bear on the “subordinate” role of prosodic cues
Rezapour, Rouhollah. "Le bilinguisme français-persan en linguistique-didactique : syntaxe et sémantique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040068.
Full textThis dissertation, using the theory of linguistic neoteny, supports the idea that the order initially established by a language in a speaker who has become bilingual at a later stage is no longer stable at the time when the second language is inserted, and subsequently an unequal competition between the two languages becomes apparent. There exists an interdependence between the language and the identity of the speaker. The subordinated French-Persian bilingual, who has immigrated to a francophone area at the age of linguistic adulthood, tries to insert another system of linguistic behavior, another mode of being, in a cognitive space which does not sustain the need to continue to function normally. Thus, s/he overcomes his/her Persian monolingualism, that is, his/her natural specialization, in order to opt for French-Persian bilingualism.The French-Persian bilingual child born into alinguistically mixed family is theoretically conceived to create his/her immanent being in both languages.But in reality, the value ascribed to a language, schooling, the choice of family language, and several other determining factors significantly affect the speaker’s choice of his/her preferred language. If the French-Persian bilingual’s sense of self-sufficiency allows him/her to identify him-/herself as a speaker of French to the satisfaction of his/her linguistic environment, the appropriation and practice of Persian in his/her family are no longer strictly necessary because s/he sees him-/herself in a mental, cultural and linguistic universe whose oral reality is more relevant to the social sphere
Clément, Lionel. "Construction et exploitation d'un corpus syntaxiquement annoté pour le français." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070029.
Full textVery few gold standard annotated corpora are currently available for French. We present a project to build a reference tree bank for French. We annotate a newspaper corpus of 1 Million words (Abeillé et al 1998, 1999, 2000), following EAGLES recommendations (von Rekowski 1996, Ide et al. 1996, Sanfilippo et al. 1996, Kahrel et al. 1997) and developing specific annotation guidelines for French. Similarly to the Penn Tree Bank (Marcus et al. 1993), we distinguish a tagging and a parsing phase, and reach a process of automatic annotation followed by a systematic manual validation and correction. Similarly to the Suzanne Corpus (Sampson 1994, this volume), on the Prague tree bank (Hajicova et al 1998, this volume), we rely on several types of morphosyntactic and syntactic annotations for which we define extensive guidelines. Our goal is to provide a theory neutral, surface oriented, error-free tree bank for French. Similarly to the Negra project (Brants et al. 1999, this volume), we annotate both constituents and functional relations. Due to the lack of robust reusable annotation tools at the beginning of the project, we chose to develop our own
Roodenburg, Jasper. "Pour une approche scalaire de la déficience nominale : la position du français dans une théorie des "noms nus"." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082570.
Full textFox, Gwendoline. "L'acquisition des modifieurs nominaux. Le cas de l'adjectif du français." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030155/document.
Full textThe acquisition of attributive adjectives is subject to two major difficulties in French. First, adjectives express a property of a larger unit : children must be able to conceive an object as a whole and as a set of properties to use a NP with an adjective. Second, adjectives in French may occur before or after the noun. Alternation is a defining feature of the category but it is not random, and the constraints at play are numerous and preferential in nature. Also, although speakers are aware of this possibility, they tend to choose a fixed position in usage. These facts raise the question of whether the input allows children to construct the notion of attributive adjectives without a resort to innate linguistic knowledge. To answer this, I propose a comparative study of the productions of three children interacting with their family at two times of their development (T1 : 3 ;8, T2 : 4 ;6). I examine four phenomena concerning attributive adjectives (lexicon, placement, combination with other modifiers or adjectival dependents), and I compare adjectives with other nominal modifiers. All of these phenomena show the same evolution. At T1, the children use the most frequent construction in the adult data, with a high degree of lexical specificity. T2 shows the appearance of other constructions according to their order of frequency in the adult data. The construction from T1 is also used with a greater choice of lexical units, but within the same semantic classes. The children thus show sensitivity to quantitative information and a gradual abstraction of constructions by semantic analogy, which pleads for a progressive construction of the knowledge of adjectives based on the input data
Knittel, Marie-Laurence. "Rapports entre morphologie et syntaxe en français et en hongrois : deux cas particuliers "d’accord-objet"." Nancy 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN21002.
Full textThis study is meant to describe and analyze two particular cases of object agreement: the past participle agreement in French and the definite conjugation in Hungarian. It is situated in the framework of generative grammar; yet, other approaches to language study are used when necessary. Even if the surface realizations of the two phenomena are morphologically different, a close examination of the constructions in which it appears reveals that there are common factors determining the appearance of object-agreement in both languages, even if there is no link either typological or genetic between them
Hybertie, Françoise-Charlotte. "Étude des marqueurs de consécution en français contemporain." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030079.
Full textThe subject of the present phd present phd thesis is the study of the most frequent markers to express the consecutive relation in the present-day french "donc", "alors", "aussi", "ainsi", "par consequent" as welle as the phrases expressiong both the relation "intensity-consequence", and the relation "manner-consequence". The aim consists to discribe from a triple point of wiew, syntaxic, semantic and enunicative, the factors commanding the use nof each marker in order to stress the specific value it gives to the consecutive clause expressing the logic relation "causeconsequence". The chosen approach, both syntaxic and semantic, gives the possibility to precise the specific meaning particular with the use of each marker : identification of the factors directing the validation and the expression of the predicative relations and the consecutive relation in the speach
Thamprasert, Rosakon. "Étude comparative de l’adjectif en français et en thaï." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040091.
Full textFrench adjective has a morphosyntactic behavior very close to noun. Thai adjective is, in most cases, very close to verb. In French and in Thai, adjective can occupy the place of adverb, but it’s not always adverbialized. French adjective can be derived from a verbe, a noun or an adjective. The Thai, which doesn’t know any affixal derivation, except for the ready-made words borrowed from Sanskrit, Pali or Khmer, has to use, in many cases, a modal auxiliary, a prepositional group, a subordination structure or another adjective. In French, denominative adjective can have relational or qualifying meanings or both ; the adjectival composition can be internal or external. In the two languages and particularly in Thaï, partial or total reduplication and adjectival series can have several linguistic values. Thai attributive adjective is always placed after the noun ; the French one can be placed before or after the noun, depending on several factors. Noun can also fulfill the attributive function in the two languages, but not in every cases. A copulative verb is indispensable for French predicative adjective ; it is necessary for some Thai adjectives only, while most of them are predicates without copula. In French and in Thai, predicative adjective can be placed at the beginning of the sentence when it is focused or emphasized
Nicol, Fabrice. "Syntaxe minimaliste et sémantique conceptuelle : recherches sur la syntaxe et la sémantique comparées du français et de l'anglais." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100017.
Full textNoam chomsky's minimalist programme has make it possible to solve many theoretical and empirical problems in the theory of syntax. Nevertheless these advances have been made essentially in the field of computational syntax, the intervention of semantic conditions in syntactic derivations being now barred. How can semantic conditions apply? in ray jackendoff's model, conceptual semantics, semantic primitives may be combined so as to impose accurate constraints on the syntax-semantics interface. The first part of this thesis summarises the two theories. The second part evaluates the descriptive adequacy of the two models in the domain of the sentence. The third part presents some consequences of minimalist principles in the domain of the noun phrase. The hypotheses of minimalist syntax are used, in the second part, to analyse the diachronic evolution of conditions on pronominal coreference, from old english to modern english. The theory of inherent case is reformulated in the terms of the theory of formal features of the minimalist programme, then applied to middle constructions, french cliticisation, english ditransitive constructions, and the comparative syntax of inalienable possession in french and english. The analysis of the evolution of the english pronominal system towards the end of the 15th century is linked with the weakening of the morphology of subject agreement (agrs). The incorporation of p to v, nevertheless, is better formulated in the semantic component than in the syntactic component, and the same conclusion is reached for lexical constraints on inalienablepossession, which crucially involve the concepts of actor and affected target. The third part is a study of the syntax of the noun phrase in modern english and defends the hypothesis that there are two functional nodes between d and n - respectively the locus of discrete quantification and the locus of continuous quantification. These results confirm the central hypothesis of conceptual semantics, which is the impossibility of reducing semantic interpretation to a combination of syntactic primitives
Gerbier, Yves, and Hélène Icart-Séguy. "Les marqueurs logico-discursifs : car, comme, parce que, puisque." Toulouse 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU20043.
Full textA joint thesis submitted together with Mme Icart Seguy. The first part of the present thesis studies the role of the markers car, comme, parce que, puisque in mathematical proofs. First of all, the differences between formal proof and mathematical proof are clearly brought out. The concept of 'skeleton' of a proof enables the author to define the notions of principal consequence and principal principe, of which car, comme, parce que and puisque are the preferred markers. After listing the occurrences of these words in 400 mathematical proofs, the author sets up a schematization (derived from elementary mathematical propositions) which leads to the following normal forms: comme p q; puisque p q; q puisque p; q car p. A study of the underlying logical schemas shows the similarities and differences generated by the use of the words car, comme, puisque. A typology of the principal principle p is established as a function of the moment when the truth value of p is known. The author studies the links between p and the universes of knowledge of the readers as well as those between p and the words used
Chun, Jihye. "Interface syntaxe-topologie et amas verbal en coréen et en français." Phd thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867292.
Full textTayalati, Fayssal. "Les adjectifs à complément au datif en français : interface sémantique-syntaxe." Lille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL30038.
Full textVan, der Velde Marlies. "Déterminants et pronoms en néerlandais et en français : syntaxe et acquisition." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082332.
Full textThis dissertation investigates the syntax and the acquisition of determiners and pronouns in Dutch and French. The adopted syntactic analysis makes predictions for the acquisition of these elements by monolingual children acquiring Dutch or French. These predictions are confirmed by the results of two elicited production and comprehension tasks. On the one hand, data reveal that Dutch-speaking children omit determiners up to a higher age than French-speaking children. Furthermore, Dutch-speaking children contrary to French-speaking children, make gender errors. For pronoun acquisition on the other hand, the two dissociations already reported in the literature for French are also found in Dutch: first, subject pronouns are acquired before object pronouns, and second, reflexive pronouns are mastered earlier than non-reflexive pronouns. Our comparative study shows that French-speaking children master object pronouns better that Dutch-speaking children of the same age
Choi, Soyoung. "La complémentation de verbes aspectuels : syntaxe et sémantique : commencer, continuer, cesser, finir." Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20004.
Full textThis study is aimed at discovering the syntactic and semantic properties of french aspectual verbs (then, vasps) - commencer, continuer, cesser and finir. In the first stage, we separate non vasps from vasps among divers realizations of verbs that we have chosen, through distributionnal approach, responding to the question : on which condition, can these verbs come into the aspectual or non aspectual usage? secondly, we deal with the syntactic analysis about the construction of vasps taking infinitival complements in order to know which is the structure of this construction : raising structure or control structure ? we propose here a hypotheses that the french vasps restructure a verbal phrase with certain prepositions under the condition that these vasps take the phrasal complements. Finally, we explain certain realizations of vasps in terms of "aspect" and "mode d'action", which are syntactically well formed, but nonacceptable in french. As the result of this approach, we perceive semantic informations that supply french vasps
Muller, Claude. "La négation en français : syntaxe, sémantique et éléments de comparaison avec les autres langues romanes." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070036.
Full textNegation may be defined in relation to assertion, as a rejection of a pragmatic presupposition. This basic value is accompanied by a derived value allowing for information transmission : descriptive negation. Operators of syntactic negation can be used with metalinguistic paraphrases (using the 'support-verbs' of assertion) as well as with surface operators. Negation is also expressed by operators adapted to their lexical context (morphological negations); inversely, the context may adapt in function of the negation (negative polarity). The choice of ne pas vs. Non corresponds respectively to a negation containing a verb among its arguments and to a negation incorporating its 'support verb', which explains the wide application range of non. Uses of ne without pas result either from the negative association codified in the 17th century, or from survivals of the former system. The negative association (combination of a negation and a dependent operator) highlights the phenomenon of non localised negation characterising the romance languages, with absence of morphological incorporation of negation in negative words. It is indicated in french by the absence of pas and the simultaneous use of ne in written french. Negative expletives can be seen in this framework as negations associated with a dominant-scope context equivalent to a positive item with a dependent negation, hence the characterisation of these constructions as inverse negative associations. The last chapters deal with modifications of determiners in negative sentences, and with the semantics of negative questions
Heranic, Tracy. "La travail c'est la santé mais la paresse ne tue pas : construction du sens discursif du lexique, etude comparative anglais américain et français." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2059/document.
Full textThis dissertation examines the construction of meaning and the crosslinguistic influence on the representation of the lexical signification and discursive meaning of the words work and travail. This study is based on definitional discourse and significations such as they are proposed by speakers articulating their metalinguistic semantic knowledge in the context of experimental research. The cultural concept of work is analysed by using Galatanu’s theoretical framework The Semantics of Argumentative Possibilities (SAP). A French/English constractive study allowed us to determine the similarities as well as the differences between the representations of the lexical signification and discursive meaning of the words “work” and “travail” proposed by four groups of speakers. Each group of speakers having its own linguistic profile (two groups of monolingual speakers – Francophone and Anglophone, one group of bilingual speakers whose native language is French and who speak English, and one group of bilingual speakers whose native language is English and who speak French) presents the opportunity to not only compare the variations between the representations of the lexical signification and discursive meaning of the words “work” and “travail”, but also to take note of the potential influence that competence in a foreign language can have on these representations. The second part of this dissertation includes an analysis of the representation of the insult loser as used in the United States. Inspired by the presence of an element linking work and said insult, the choice to present loser lends itself to exhibiting the discursive mobilisation of the social values instilled in the words work and loser
Belcadi, Khadija. "Les relations interphrastiques, analyses et interprétations." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H010.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the essential linguistic processes that make it possible to create a connection between two contiguous phrases. These processes are, by definition, syntactic, semantic and prosodic (particularly intonation). We examined a number of the problems intrinsic to the subject during this research, such as the definition of the analysis unit and its delimitation, as before one can discuss interphraseological relations, it is first necessary to know where a phrase stops. We treated this subject in parallel with concepts of coherence and cohesion which made it possible, during our analysis, to link the study of interphraseological contunuity with parameters such as the opposition of written and oral codes, dialogic and monologic registers and, finally and most importantly, speech typology. Three types of sequences were chosen : narration, description and conversation. It can be seen that each of the cited aspects has some influence on the choice and use of continuity processes, whether in terms of their frequency, behaviour or nature
Blasco-Dulbecco, Mylène. "Les énoncés à " redoublement et dislocation" en français contemporain : analyse en "double marquage"." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10057.
Full textThis thesis is, in essence, an attempt to clarify the status of those problematic data that appear in even the very first texts in french. Dislocations are problematic on two levels : they do not fit into the norm ; they pose a problem of syntactic interpretation. Those descriptions interested in dislocations tend to group together different constructions under the same notion. These constructions are similar to each other only in the "coreferential" effects that they all provoke between one dislocated element, to the left or the right of the verb, and a clitic pronoun. On the basis of a morphological and syntactic description which stresses on the distinction between dislocation on the left and dislocation on the right, on grammatical categories, on the preposition criteria and on subordoned constructions, liable to distance the dislocated structure from the clitic pronoun, i have proposed to give an autonomous status to dislocation, one that is not derived from another source
Paradis, Gaële. "La dynamique des prépositions en et sur dans leur usage spatial en français contemporain." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H077.
Full textThe aim of the research is to study the dynamic of the prepositions en and sur as a marker of the space French function. The objective is to specify the effects of the emergent uses put at the day by a statement in-vivo and an investigation, about the structuring of the system. The first chapter defines the theoretical framework, the operational concepts and examines various studies devoted to the space use of these prepositions. The second chapter presents the corpus and the methodology of collection of the data, energy of the observations in-vivo to the investigation. The third and fourth chapters describe the standard and emergent uses prepositions dans, en, à and sur through the study of the resuits of the investigation. Lastly, the final chapter examines the production and the acceptance of these new uses starting from the external variables reserves and tries to explain, from the linguistic point of view, the emergence of these structures in reference to the internal factors
Marengo, Sébastien. "L' adjectif non-attribut : syntaxe et sémantique des adjectifs référentiels." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR20063.
Full textSeveral non-predicative adjectives in French do not belong to the two usual classes found in grammars (qualificative and relational). We are proposing a solution within a modular semantic framework which clearly distinguishes the viewpoint of notions from that of reference. As for some nouns and verbs, many non-predicative adjectives do not convey notions but are reference builders. These adjectives, called “referential adjectives”, play a complementary role to the noun’s specifiers: they express either quantity or reference marks. Such an analysis has two advantages: it groups adjectives that have up to now been dispersed (indefinite, ordinal and reference-modifying adjectives) and it enriches the survey — while exploiting a concept already available within the theoretical framework. It also shows connections with two other classes of non-predicative adjectives left aside by grammars: classifying and affective adjectives
Bonami, Olivier. "Les constructions du verbe : le cas des groupes prépositionnels argumentaux : analyse syntaxique, sémantique et lexicale." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070070.
Full textHamma, Badreddine. "L'invariant sémantique de la préposition Par à travers les distributions syntaxiques et lexicales." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100147.
Full textThe aim of this work is to define the semantic invariant of the preposition par in language through its various uses and discursive actualizations. We resorted to an autonomist approach of meaning which relieves and prolongs the saussurian theses and claims the unmotivated character of the linguistic sign: the language is not a tool that describes objective or conceptual entities of the real world that pre-exists to it, but a system of signs that interact with one another and with other linguistic phenomena to “make sense” according to what is allowed or not by the language. It leads to consider that the specific “signified” of par – common, in our opinion, to its various discursive facets – has to do with the expression of an atypical situation that contrasts negatively and differentially with others, presumed more adequate from the speaker's viewpoint. A prominent feature that characterizes the PP introduced by par is its relation of consubstantiality with the verb and the subject of the sentence. These heuristic principles have been established based on the observation of a wide corpus of various occurrences of this item, and have been validated by an empirical work in support of a wide range of morphosyntactical tests and criteria allowing determining distributional classes selected by par