Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Syntaxe / Sémantique'
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Milosavljević, Tanja. "Les prédicats idéophoniques serbes : syntaxe et sémantique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR2022/document.
Full textSerbian predicative ideophones represent a very frequent class of words in Serbian, especially in conversational language. These words that have a morphological form of the ideophone on the one hand and a predicative function on the other, are often classified as interjections. However, these words dont have a fonction of interjection.This thesis work proposes the first investigation of these words, that are still poorly studied in the Serbian language. The thesis begins with a definition of the class of predicative ideophones, their relation to interjections, onomatopeia and verbs. The central part is dedicated to the syntactico-semantic analyses of 32 predicative ideophones identified in modern Serbian language : in the literature, the press and on the Internet. A synthetic part presents the more general reflections about the phonological particularity of these forms, the specificity of the realization of their components and the constructions that these forms integrate, as well as the predicate and the second predication in some forms. Synonymous forms and derivation of verbs from ideophones are also studied. A more refined semantic analysis allows to differentiate ideophones of very close meaning, specially for the expression of « falling » or « hitting ». In the main conclusion are made some comparisons with the function of predicative ideophones in the Russian language. So the present study may be situated in a typological perspective
Schiattarella, Valentina. "Le berbère de Siwa : documentation, syntaxe et sémantique." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE4006.
Full textThis work aims to present the results of a documentation project on the Siwi language (a Berber language spoken in the Siwa oasis, Egypt by 25,000 speakers) through the analysis of selected aspects of the language, concerning mainly syntax and semantics, that come from the exploitation of a corpus composed of oral data, recorded by both male and female speakers. The thesis is divided into ten chapters (1. Aspect and Mood in the Verbal System of Siwi; 2. Verbal Grammaticalisation; 3. Negation; 4. The -a Suffix and the Resultative Perfect; 5. Preposition n; 6. Demonstratives; 7. Relative Clauses; 8. Other Subordinated Clauses; 9. Accent on Nouns; 10. Word Order and the Information Structure). In each chapter, the linguistic issue is introduced in a typological perspective, then within Berber, before it is analyzed in details in Siwi. Several phenomena that had hitherto remained undescribed, or had not been analyzed, are studied in this research thesis. The appendices at the end are composed of five texts (transcribed and translated during fieldwork) and their metadata. They provide a varied sample (two folktales and three narrations by male and female speakers of different ages) of the language under examination
Nicol, Fabrice. "Syntaxe minimaliste et sémantique conceptuelle : recherches sur la syntaxe et la sémantique comparées du français et de l'anglais." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100017.
Full textNoam chomsky's minimalist programme has make it possible to solve many theoretical and empirical problems in the theory of syntax. Nevertheless these advances have been made essentially in the field of computational syntax, the intervention of semantic conditions in syntactic derivations being now barred. How can semantic conditions apply? in ray jackendoff's model, conceptual semantics, semantic primitives may be combined so as to impose accurate constraints on the syntax-semantics interface. The first part of this thesis summarises the two theories. The second part evaluates the descriptive adequacy of the two models in the domain of the sentence. The third part presents some consequences of minimalist principles in the domain of the noun phrase. The hypotheses of minimalist syntax are used, in the second part, to analyse the diachronic evolution of conditions on pronominal coreference, from old english to modern english. The theory of inherent case is reformulated in the terms of the theory of formal features of the minimalist programme, then applied to middle constructions, french cliticisation, english ditransitive constructions, and the comparative syntax of inalienable possession in french and english. The analysis of the evolution of the english pronominal system towards the end of the 15th century is linked with the weakening of the morphology of subject agreement (agrs). The incorporation of p to v, nevertheless, is better formulated in the semantic component than in the syntactic component, and the same conclusion is reached for lexical constraints on inalienablepossession, which crucially involve the concepts of actor and affected target. The third part is a study of the syntax of the noun phrase in modern english and defends the hypothesis that there are two functional nodes between d and n - respectively the locus of discrete quantification and the locus of continuous quantification. These results confirm the central hypothesis of conceptual semantics, which is the impossibility of reducing semantic interpretation to a combination of syntactic primitives
Kim-Gautier, Miran. "Constructions de "ça" générique : syntaxe et sémantique." Strasbourg 2, 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/KIM-GAUTIER_Miran_2007.pdf.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to approach the problems which raise the construction of generic ça and to show its particularity with supporting the demonstrative pronoun ça. In the first part, we will show the status of ça as an anaphoric demonstrative pronoun. More exactly, a great variety of deictic and anaphoric aspects of this pronoun, having specified the meaning of the demonstrative ça. We study also (left or right) dislocation, topicalisation, and connotation. The second part approaches the relations between the NPs and ça. After looking the classical generic articles les, le and un as well as their combinative possibility with ça, we enlarge the application's domain of ça to other partitive quantifiers -des, du, certains, plusieurs, quelques, beaucoup de, to numerals and even to the demonstrative adjectifs. Finally, we compare the construction of generic ça with other construction : il y a. . . Qui et c'est. . . Qui
Galal, Abdel Wahab Moustafa Mohamed. "Les constructions exceptives du français et de l’arabe : syntaxe et interface sémantique-syntaxe." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100001/document.
Full textThis research takes an interest the syntax of exceptive constructions (ECs) and its correspondence with semantic within two languages: French and Arabic. Based on a corpus of authentic examples, we suggest a classification of ECs into two major categories with dissimilar syntactic behaviors: the paradigmatic-ECs, which are syntactically related to coordination and the hypotactic-ECs, which are contrarily related to subordination. We will focus our analysis on the markers sauf, excepté, hormis, etc. and analyze them as particular case of paradigmatic lists/piles, in which two segments of the utterance pile up on the same syntactic position and whose most famous case is coordination. This analysis is different from the one generally associated with these markers in French grammars and dictionaries which consider them as prepositions. For Arabic, we propose a tripartite classification of ECs that considers the specificities of Arabic relative to French. In addition to the paradigmatic-ECs and the hypotactic-ECs, we identify, in Arabic, a third class, the paratactic-ECs, which are constructions with a verbal head that belong to the parataxis, a process particularly developed in Arabic. Our analyzes lead us to consider the markers ʾillā, ġayr and siwā in Arabic as coordinating conjunctions. These items, like their French counterparts, relate two elements where X on the right of the marker and Y on the left form paradigmatic lists/piles, in the sense that they fulfill the same syntactic function in the utterance. We analyze the lexical items ʿadā (mā-ʿadā), ẖalā (mā-ẖalā), ḥāšā (mā-ḥāšā) as verbs. These verbs introduce a clause that maintains a parataxic relation with the preceding clause. Finally, we consider the items bistiṯnā'i and biẖilāfi as prepositive phrases introducing a sequence that maintains a subordinate relationship with the main clause
Tasson, Christine. "Sémantique et syntaxe vectorielles de la logique linéaire." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077188.
Full textWith finiteness spaces, Ehrhard has shown a semantics of linear logic with a differentiation operation. In this framework, the interpretation of formula can be represented as Taylor series. This has led to the introduction of differential syntax. We study the syntactical Taylor formula through denotational semantics. In the first part, we tackle semantics. We present the interpretation of linear logic constructions in linearised topological vector spaces. We build an intrinsic notion of finiteness spaces, named finitary Lefschetz spaces. We characterize the linearised topological vector spaces which are reflexive and complete thanks to linear bornologies. Last, we show that the Taylor series property of finiteness spaces is still true in the linearized topological vector spaces framework. The second part is about differential syntax. The syntactic Taylor formula translate terms into a sum of differential terms representing different executions. As shown by Ehrhard and Regnier, terms resulting of this translation are coherent. We introduce a total semantics which catch this relation. We build a linear extension of lambda-calculus, named barycentric-calculus and interpreted by the total semantics. Finally, in the differential nets framework, we present a non-deterministic algorithm which decides if a finite set of differential nets comes from a linear logic net through the syntactic Taylor formula. Realizability for differential Systems and relational semantics for the various nets we consider are also discussed
Josse, Hélène. "Sémantique & syntaxe de one en anglais contemporain." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030093.
Full textIn contemporary English, the word ONE can be used in a great variety of contexts. It appears at all levels in the Noun Phrase : on the left, in intermediary position, or as the head of the Noun Phrase, with or without modification. All these usages are known to have at their origin the Old English numeral, AN. What is the current situation? Is it possible to propose a global treatment of ONE? There are important differences that cannot be ignored - different plurals, pronunciations and stress patterns, different meanings, and different strategies for accessing meaning. This thesis demonstrates that a global treatment is in fact possible, provided that a graduated typology is proposed, taking into account both the level of semantic bleaching of ONE and its position in the Noun Phrase. This approach enables us to develop an innovative view of the relationship which holds between ONE and its antecedent, and which throws doubt on the notion of PROP
Dali, Narjes. "Syntaxe et sémantique de IT référentiel en anglais contemporain." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01065959.
Full textKerfelec, Valérie. "L'exclamation : syntaxe, sémantique, pragmatique en anglais et en français." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040148.
Full textThe 'exclamatory examples' given by linguistic and grammatical reference books or even by native speakers when asked are extremely varied in number and quality. This goes well beyond the usual confusions typically brought about by the categories of Traditional Grammar. Eventually one has to admit there exists a wide gap between how confident the speaker feels about naming proper forms and how uncertain the actual contours of the category are. Accordingly the aim of our research is not so much to design a theory of exclamation as to understand the way it functions. This implies investigating the phenomenon without losing sight of the forms that make it up and considering how one proceeds from exclamation to exclamations and exclamatory sentences. The analysis is based on a corpus of 672 examples illustrating all the disparities observed and includes critical reading of past and current literature on the subject. All the forms and hypotheses that can be met with being thus gathered , the analysis tries to select among them or synthesize them. It generalizes whenever possible but is mainly set on discriminating and classifying , so as to come to a better understanding of what exclamation can possibly be both in extension and intention
Stanojevic, Veran. "Syntaxe et sémantique des noms de nombre en français." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070011.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is a formal-semantic treatment of numerals. The syntactic analysis shows that numerals in French seize the position of specifiers of numeral projection. I claim that the numeral projection is enough for a semantic treatment. I analyze three types of approach concerning the interpretation of indefinites: a quantifying approach, a reference one and the approach by ambiguity. I try, within the Generalized Quantifier Theory, to define the difference between bare and modified numerals. The opposition between the total and partial information, shows that numerals are the only indicators of partial information in the model. The treatment of plural phrases introduced by a numeral proves that numerals are not specified as for the opposition collective-distributive. I approach the problem of overgeneration faced by the standard approaches at the treatment of multiple quantification by incorporating in my system the theory of logical form of Beghelli and Stowell
Fortineau-Brémond, Chrystelle. "Le gérondif espagnol : éléments de syntaxe et de sémantique." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040212.
Full textThe Spanish grammatical tradition affirms that the Spanish gerund has a lot of meanings. From a syntactic point of view, it is usually compared with the adverb or the adjective. Moreover, it is said to be able to signify all circumstantial values. Lastly, its temporal signification can be anteriority or simultaneity, but also - with some restrictions - posteriority. A critical study of articles on the Spanish gerund shows how important are normative prescriptions and reveals frequent confusions between the sphere of signification and the sphere of reference. The examination - according to Guillaume's theory - of examples extracted from newspapers and contemporary novels confirms that traditional opinions give the gerund meanings that it has not. In fact, the Spanish gerund does say none of these values. All the situations that can be identified in speech (anterior, simultaneous or posterior event, with or without identified agent) belong to the sphere of reference. Gerund does not signify them; it is only compatible with them. In other words, the relation between the signified of gerund and all the nuances of speech is a relation of compatibility and not of causality. These different meanings are the result of the interaction between many elements (signified of each component of utterance, context, pragmatic and encyclopedic knowledge of the interlocutor, etc. ) Finally, we could say that gerund gives the representation of a naked event, out of any circumstances (the identity of support is unknown and there is no temporal localization). For this, it is particularly qualified to refer to the most various situations
Zhang, Hua. "Syntaxe chinoise et méthodes comparatives en syntaxe et sémantique des langues chinoise, française et anglaise." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0313.
Full textThe comparative methods are used to examine the syntax of the chinese, french and english languages. A systematic analysis of nuclear sentences and simple ones of 1900 common chinese verbs concentrates on the order of the words and their semantic role. Each verb is submitted to a test of 9 possibilities in the subject and 14 possibilities in the object. To each of these syntatic and or semantic cases is given one chapter to discuss wy it exists and what its french and english equivalences should be. That shows the chinese and western linguists have very different knowledge of grammatical terms like subject and object, the reason from there so much confusion and misunderstanding between them. A comparison of 17 chinese auxiliary verbs to the french and english modalities holds a plac as well. We submit also each of 1900 verbs to a test of the acceptation possibility of 6 action aspects and 7 verbal complements, represented by one or two ideograms, because of them the chinese syntax is more concise, stable and regular than the french or english syntax, which must appeal to a great number of morphological and syntactic changes to express the same meaning. That is why chinese is a semantic language, whose the prevailing structure is : agent, verb and patient. Isn't that a feature of linguistic universals and one of the basic requirements of a "pivot" language?
Henkel, Daniel. "L'adjectif en anglais et en français : Syntaxe, Sémantique et Traduction." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040185.
Full textThe argument put forward herein is that a quantitative parallel study of a linguistic phenomenon is bettersuited to the comparative study of two linguistic systems than the observation of the same phenomenon intranslation. The adjectival categories in English and French were studied in such a manner. Common criteriafor identification were first defined from a typological perspective. Then, in two bilingual corpora oftranslated texts of around 10,000 words each, around 1,800 NPs were manually inventoried and labeled ineach language either as having no attributive or predicative adjective, or one or more attributive adjectives, orone or more predicative adjectives, or both at the same time. Other contextual parameters (determiner,syntactic function of the NP, presence of prepositions or relative clauses in the NP, marks of intensity,semantic class of the noun) were manually inventoried as well. Two predominantly literary corpora of around5 million words in each language were collected using common criteria, and tagged with part of speechlabels. Regex searches were used to evaluate the predisposition for attributive or predicative function, andsensitivity to intensifiers of each adjective. The quantitative parallel study of adjectives revealedconvergences between English and French regarding the interactions with determiners, divergences in regardto prepositions, as well as a statistical correlation between the compatibility with predicative function andreceptivity to intensifiers. None of these tendencies
Jun, Jae-Yeon. "Recherches sur le nombre en coréen : syntaxe, sémantique et morphologie." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081559.
Full textMohamed-Soyir, Kassim. "Le nom en shingazidʒa (G44a) : morphologie, phonologie, sémantique et syntaxe." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070092.
Full textThe present dissertation aims to explore the nature of nouns in shingazidʒaa, a G40 Bantu language spoken on Ngazidʒa a island (Grande Comore) by about 500. 000 people, to whom a sizeable amount of expatriates living mainly in France should be added. All the issues generally associated with nouns in morphology, phonology, semantics and syntax are considered. Pitch-accent, a remnant of a tone system that probably existed at an earlier stage of the language, and determination are studied as well. Emphasis, however, is on morphophonological phenomena, whose analysis crucially depends on the other aspects of the noun system. The study is conducted in the framework of Lexemic Combinatory Morphology (LCM) that takes the lexeme as the minimal lexical unit, stripped from the inflectional markings only present on word-forms. It puts forward two theories that help to shed light on issues that have been little dealt with in Bantu studies and have to do with the morphophonological interface: Lowenstamm's 'Begining of the word' theory and Anscombre's theory of stereotypes. The former allows us to show that the phonetic zero one would be tempted to posit in noun class 5 owing to the absence of a class marker (CM) is far from representing a phonological, let alone morphological void. Anscombre's theory, on the other hand, enables us to analyse the semantico-syntactic subtle complexities brought about by agentivization, as well as the morphophonological phenomena underlying or accompanying these complexities. Thanks to these two theories and a few others such as grammaticalization theory, three main points are thus considered: (i) the morphophonological manifestations of the zero class marker (ZCM) corresponding to the Bantu noun class 5; (ii) number in a morphophonological perspective; (iii) derivation, nominalizations in particular
Malan, Naomi. "Sémantique, syntaxe et pragmatique de la relative en anglais contemporain." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030134.
Full textMarengo, Sébastien. "L' adjectif non-attribut : syntaxe et sémantique des adjectifs référentiels." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR20063.
Full textSeveral non-predicative adjectives in French do not belong to the two usual classes found in grammars (qualificative and relational). We are proposing a solution within a modular semantic framework which clearly distinguishes the viewpoint of notions from that of reference. As for some nouns and verbs, many non-predicative adjectives do not convey notions but are reference builders. These adjectives, called “referential adjectives”, play a complementary role to the noun’s specifiers: they express either quantity or reference marks. Such an analysis has two advantages: it groups adjectives that have up to now been dispersed (indefinite, ordinal and reference-modifying adjectives) and it enriches the survey — while exploiting a concept already available within the theoretical framework. It also shows connections with two other classes of non-predicative adjectives left aside by grammars: classifying and affective adjectives
Mathys, Audrey. "Le neutre adverbial en grec ancien : morphologie, syntaxe et sémantique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040126.
Full textThe object of this work is to describe and explain the use of neuter adjectives as adverbs in Ancient Greek. It is based on a corpus comprising all archaic Greek poetry, from Homer to Pindar. Whenever possible, this data is compared with the data of the Classical and Hellenistic periods, and put into an Indo-European perspective. The examination of the morphology of adverbs in archaic Greek shows that the adverbs in ως are a recent development in Homer, whereas adverbial neuters seem to have been the default way of deriving an adverb from an adjective shortly before the archaic period. The semantics of the adverbs in ως displays typical features of a relatively new adverbial formation: in Homer, the suffix ως is only found in adverbs expressing manner. On the other hand, neuter adjectives used as adverbs are found in almost every adverbial function, which is the expected behaviour of a very productive adverbial formation. Finally, a syntaxic study of the adjectives in archaic Greek shows that the use of neuter adjectives as adverbs cannot be explained as a special case of internal accusative: this hypothesis is unable to account for numerous neuter adjectives used as adverbs, and implies that neuter adjectives could be used as substantives in singular without any restriction, which is not the case in Homer. This syntaxic study also sheds light on the development of the adverbs in ως: they first appeared in contexts where the subject controlled the process, and in contexts where the adverb is subject-oriented
Rezapour, Rouhollah. "Le bilinguisme français-persan en linguistique-didactique : syntaxe et sémantique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040068.
Full textThis dissertation, using the theory of linguistic neoteny, supports the idea that the order initially established by a language in a speaker who has become bilingual at a later stage is no longer stable at the time when the second language is inserted, and subsequently an unequal competition between the two languages becomes apparent. There exists an interdependence between the language and the identity of the speaker. The subordinated French-Persian bilingual, who has immigrated to a francophone area at the age of linguistic adulthood, tries to insert another system of linguistic behavior, another mode of being, in a cognitive space which does not sustain the need to continue to function normally. Thus, s/he overcomes his/her Persian monolingualism, that is, his/her natural specialization, in order to opt for French-Persian bilingualism.The French-Persian bilingual child born into alinguistically mixed family is theoretically conceived to create his/her immanent being in both languages.But in reality, the value ascribed to a language, schooling, the choice of family language, and several other determining factors significantly affect the speaker’s choice of his/her preferred language. If the French-Persian bilingual’s sense of self-sufficiency allows him/her to identify him-/herself as a speaker of French to the satisfaction of his/her linguistic environment, the appropriation and practice of Persian in his/her family are no longer strictly necessary because s/he sees him-/herself in a mental, cultural and linguistic universe whose oral reality is more relevant to the social sphere
Cadet, Méven. "Les Grundgesetze der Arithmetik de Frege : idéographie : genèse, syntaxe, sémantique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H211/document.
Full textThere is still considerable disagreement among Frege's exegetes on how Frege's logical universalism relates to modem semantics; does the former obstruct the development and/or the use of the latter? Two sides exist on this issue. The first one quotes many sections of the Grundgesetze which seem to contain genuine semantic reasonings. The other one claims that Frege holds these sections to be strict elucidations excluded de jure from the realm of science. My aim is to shed light on this problem. For this purpose, I contest the following commonplaces: (1) that Frege was concerned with indicating the slightest change of his thoughts, and (2) that his philosophical theses can be studied regardless of his particular symbolism. l thus complete the two tasks of tracing back the origins of the underlying ideas in the Ideography of 1893 and of building up this very system step by step. My results, attached to my rejection of (1) and (2), shed a new light m the issue raised above. They lead us to the radical position that not only did Frege not reject semantics, but that he himself paved the way to such a semantic theory in order to prove metalogical theorems. I then try to formalize the former so as to locate his errors in the latter. This work eventually leads to a thorough study of the famous §§ 29-31 of the Grundgesetze
Gmir-Ezzine, Raja. "La diathèse circonstancielle en français au moyen du verbe voir : étude syntaxique, sémantique et pragmatique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030007.
Full textThis work is a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic study of the sentences of French in which the subject of the verb voir is a noun phrase with an adverbial (time or place).Is it an instance of voice or of diathesis? Such is the first question concerning such sentences as:L'année 1981 voit s'atténuer, du moins publiquement, les grandes polémiques politico-religieuses.In a standard sentence, the subject would appear as an adverbial complement referring to time or place:Durant l’année 1981, les grandes polémiques politico-religieuses s’atténuent, du moins publiquement.The voir structure is analysed as a case of adverbial diathesis, in which voir is considered as a semi-auxiliary of diathesis, not as the verb voir with its original meaning.The syntactic and semantic study is based on a corpus of 338 examples from Le Monde Diplomatique. All the terms around voir (its subject, the infinitive verb or the nominalised verb or the passive past participle that follow) have been analysed from both the syntactic and the semantic point of view.From the syntactic point of view, thanks to a number of tests, it can be shown that voir and the terms around it make up a whole, so that is impossible to consider the infinitive clause or the complex verb-derived NP as objects of voir. Moreover, the quantitative study shows that intransitive and pronominal (se) verbs are a majority.The semantic study shows that the syntax that is typical of the structure is related to a loss of meaning of voir in proportion to its degree of grammaticalization as its subject progressively becomes /-animate/. The role of experiencer of the subject of voir remains only in a weakened form. I have called this role metaphorical experiencer. Moreover, all the verbs or nominalizations after voir that occur in the corpus are shown to be of the dynamic type.Finally, the study of the contexts where the adverbial diathesis structure occurs shows that the choice of the structure by the journalist can be either free or constrained
Spector, Benjamin. "Aspects de la pragmatique des opérateurs logiques." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070001.
Full textIn the past years, the study of scalar implicatures has been renewed. While the dominant view, inspired by Paul Grice's works, held that such inferences derive from a reasoning about the speaker's communicational intentions, recent works have shown that neo-gricean analyses often fail to make accurate predictions as soon as complex cases are examined. According to these more recent works, scalar implicatures are the by-product of compositional mechanisms that are very similar to the ones that détermine the literal meaning of a sentence. The first part of this thesis, which is mostly concerned with the interpretation of grammatical and logical words, shows that this conclusion is unwarranted; it provides an explicit formalization of the inferential mechanisms that underlie scalar implicatures, whose empirical predictions are superior to that of standard neo-gricean approaches. The second part applies and extends the results of the first part to several specifie empirical problems. It suggests that, in some specifie cases only, a scalar implicature can be produced by a grammatical process, rather than by a purely pragmatic inferential process
Lafont, Ambroise. "Signatures and models for syntax and operational semantics in the presence of variable binding." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0161.
Full textThis thesis deals with the specification and construction of syntax and operational semantics of a programming language. We work with a general notion of “signature” for specifying objects of a given category as initial objects in a suitable category of models. This characterization, in the spirit of Initial Semantics, gives a justification of the recursion principle.Languages with variable binding, such as the pure lambda calculus, are monads on the category of sets specified through the classical algebraic signatures. The first extensions to syntaxes with equations that we consider are“quotients” of these algebraic signatures. The yallow, for example, to specify a binary commutative operation. But some equations, such as associativity, seem to remain out of reach. We thus introduce the notion of 2-signature, consisting in two parts: a specification of operations through a usual signature as before, and a set of equations among them. We identify the class of “algebraic 2-signatures” for which the existence of the associated syntax is guaranteed. Finally, we takle the specification of the operational semantics of a programming language such as lambda calculus with β-reduction. To this end, we introduce the notion of reduction monad and their signatures, then we generalize them to get the notion of operational monad
Daniel, Marc. "Un éditeur pilote par la syntaxe pour le langage Pascal." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090004.
Full textTayalati, Fayssal. "Les adjectifs à complément au datif en français : interface sémantique-syntaxe." Lille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL30038.
Full textBlakqori, Teutë. "Le groupe nominal en albanais : morphologie, syntaxe, interprétation." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/175828784#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe goal of this dissertation is to provide a description of the noun phrase and to correlate interpretation and morphosyntax. Traditional grammars of Albanian distinguish between two surface forms of the noun: a "determined" form (e shquar) and a determinerless/ "undetermined" form (e pashquar). Two observations may be made from the data (both drawn from attested texts or discourse, and elicited), namely, that contrary to expectation, a some "undetermined" noun phrases are open to "definite" readings and (ii) that, to some extent, the distribution of "undetermined" noun phrases corresponds to that of bare nouns in other languages. The analysis of Albanian determinerless noun phrases as bare nouns sheds some light on their distributional and interpretative properties. The present study is also concerned with the following topics: (i) the interpretations available for definite DPs — weak definite, strong definite and generic (ii) demonstrative noun phrases (iii) the ‘connective article’, which I analyse as an agreement marker signalling that an inflected noun phrase has raised to the left of some modifier
Ben, Khelil Cherifa. "Construction semi-automatique d'une grammaire d'arbres adjoints pour l'analyse syntaxico-sémantique de l'arabe." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE2013.
Full textThis thesis deals with the formal description and development of an electronic grammar of Arabic language. This work is a prerequisite for the creation of automatic Arabic processing tools. This language presents many challenges for automatic processing. Indeed the order of words in Arabic is relatively free,the morphology is rich and the diacritics are omitted in written texts. Although several research studies have addressed some of these issues, electronic resources useful for the processing of Arabic remain relatively rare or not widely available. In this thesis work, we are interested in the representation of syntax (word order) and the meaning of modern standard Arabic. As a formal system of language representation, we chose the formalism of Tree Adjoining Grammar. Thus we proposed an electronic adjoint tree grammar of Arabic named"ArabTAGV2.0". This resource partially reuses the pre-existing modeling in the manually defined grammar "ArabTAG" and integrates it into an abstract representation called meta-grammar. The linguistic expert canthus describe the syntax and semantics of the language with abstraction tools facilitating the maintenance and extension of the grammar. The new described grammar has 1074 syntactical rules (not lexicalized) and27 semantic frameworks (predicative relations). This resource was evaluated by analyzing a corpus from excerpts of an Arabic textbook
Sukenik, Nufar. "Sémantique lexicale et profils langagiers d'enfants avec autisme de langue hébraïque." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2024/document.
Full textCommunications in general and linguistic abilities in particular, constitute formidable obstacles for many children with ASD, who struggle with making their ideas, feelings and intentions known to others. Lexical semantics is fundamental to choosing the right words, and understanding the surrounding world. In research on ASD, language abilities are very widely measured on the basis of performance on tasks testing lexical semantic abilities—knowledge of the meaning of words. However, very little is known about how lexical semantic abilities are related to other aspects of language in ASD
Saez, Frédérique. "La scalarité de l'intégration syntaxique : étude syntaxique, sémantique et pragmatique de la proposition en "quand"." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633846.
Full textHamon, Sophie. "La phrase double causale : propriétés syntaxiques et interprétations sémantiques." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100063.
Full textThis dissertation proposes the characterization of a new individual of language in the sentencial typology : the causal double sentence, illustrated by Pierre ne vient pas, CAUSE il est parti en voyage – CAUSE means "due to" and is expressed by a morphological or empty marker. It behaves as one Construction (i. E. The pairing of syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties) which presents variants in the interpretation according to the lexical data of the connective. Syntactically, the causal clause is simply connected to the main clause, and occupies the function of incidental adjunct. Semantically, it adds a new predication which induces an pragmatic implication. The idea that "B produced A", the various causal values and the pragmatic data receive a linguistic characterization. The specific meaning of cause in the double sentence corresponds to a comment of the speaker, which mark the incidence (it is distinguished from the “predicative cause” in integrated position)
Guilliot, Nicolas. "La reconstruction à l'interface entre syntaxe et sémantique : ou comment interprétere les copies syntaxiques." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT3040.
Full textIn Generative Grammar, reconstruction corresponds to the interaction between displacement structures, such as relativization, dislocation or interrogation, and structural constraints which drive sentence interpretation, such as quantifier scope or binding conditions. Building on novel data from resumption in Semitic and Celtic languages, as well as in French and in English, our study shows that the traditional analysis of reconstruction based on the presence of movement is empirically and theoretically inadequate, and further argues for a new approach based syntactically on the presence of copies resulting from either movement or ellipsis, and based semantically on the interpretation of copies as either indefinite or definite descriptions. Our study finally shows how reconstruction can be dealt with within a model of the interaction between grammar and parsing, namely Dynamic Syntax
Pais, Cidmar Teodoro. "Conditions sémantico-syntaxiques et sémiotiques de la productivité systémique, lexicale et discursive." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040118.
Full textFrom an epistemological analysis of meta-theories and meta-models of the sciences of language, considered in their historical process, this research is based essentially on pottier's linguistic theory and also uses some approaches by hjelmslev and greimas, to propose a theoretical model of the semiotic linguistic processes and their relations with the socio-cultural process. Subjects considered: natural, human and linguistic semiotics; semiological structuralization proceedings, semantic universes; sememic structuralization in natural language and information analysis in discourse; lexical universe, actualization process of lexical units, information retrieving; sememic combinatory in phrastic enunciate and in text; inter-subjective hypothesis network and world views in communication process; elementary mechanisms of production of signification and information; structuralization process of linguistic signified, from the analysis of experience to discourse manifestation; path of production, productivity, self-feed and self-regulation of the semiotic process; semiosis and conceptual semic coherence in a macro-semiotics; signification systems, norms, competence and structure conceptions; typology of semiotic systems; text, discourse and discourse universe, inter-subjective, spatial and temporal relations of enunciation enunciate; structure levels and steps of the generative path in semiotics, syntax and semantic; generative path and systemic, lexical and discoursive conditions of productivity; sociosemiotic approach of the cultural process; lexicon and semiotics of culture; epistemology, basic research and its applications in sciences of language and signification. As a complement, some aspects of the lexical classes of designations in brazilian portuguese are considered
Morey, Mathieu. "Étiquetage grammatical symbolique et interface syntaxe-sémantique des formalismes grammaticaux lexicalisés polarisés." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640561.
Full textChoi, Soyoung. "La complémentation de verbes aspectuels : syntaxe et sémantique : commencer, continuer, cesser, finir." Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20004.
Full textThis study is aimed at discovering the syntactic and semantic properties of french aspectual verbs (then, vasps) - commencer, continuer, cesser and finir. In the first stage, we separate non vasps from vasps among divers realizations of verbs that we have chosen, through distributionnal approach, responding to the question : on which condition, can these verbs come into the aspectual or non aspectual usage? secondly, we deal with the syntactic analysis about the construction of vasps taking infinitival complements in order to know which is the structure of this construction : raising structure or control structure ? we propose here a hypotheses that the french vasps restructure a verbal phrase with certain prepositions under the condition that these vasps take the phrasal complements. Finally, we explain certain realizations of vasps in terms of "aspect" and "mode d'action", which are syntactically well formed, but nonacceptable in french. As the result of this approach, we perceive semantic informations that supply french vasps
Ratiu, Ana Dafina. "De la syntaxe à la sémantique des propositions interrogatives : étude comparative des questions multiples en roumain." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT3032.
Full textSTAPPENBECK, KRAUSE MAXI. "Semantique et syntaxe des preverbes en gotique." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040034.
Full textFormer investigations concerning gothic preverbs were punctual, but did not intend to establish the system of preverbs. This study is based on method and terminology developped by philippe marcq (applied to the description of spatial prepositions in old german). Proceeding : each preverb description is opened by presentation of corresponding preposition or adverbe. It is tried to answer the following questions: are there, and if yes : which are, the semantical correspondances between preposition and preverb? which are the different "designes" of each preverb, and which is his "signifie"? which are the syntactical and semantical differences or equivalences of both terms? which are the main functions of the preverbs? in which way different preverbs are specialized in different functions : concurrences or "job-sharing"?
Heranic, Tracy. "La travail c'est la santé mais la paresse ne tue pas : construction du sens discursif du lexique, etude comparative anglais américain et français." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2059/document.
Full textThis dissertation examines the construction of meaning and the crosslinguistic influence on the representation of the lexical signification and discursive meaning of the words work and travail. This study is based on definitional discourse and significations such as they are proposed by speakers articulating their metalinguistic semantic knowledge in the context of experimental research. The cultural concept of work is analysed by using Galatanu’s theoretical framework The Semantics of Argumentative Possibilities (SAP). A French/English constractive study allowed us to determine the similarities as well as the differences between the representations of the lexical signification and discursive meaning of the words “work” and “travail” proposed by four groups of speakers. Each group of speakers having its own linguistic profile (two groups of monolingual speakers – Francophone and Anglophone, one group of bilingual speakers whose native language is French and who speak English, and one group of bilingual speakers whose native language is English and who speak French) presents the opportunity to not only compare the variations between the representations of the lexical signification and discursive meaning of the words “work” and “travail”, but also to take note of the potential influence that competence in a foreign language can have on these representations. The second part of this dissertation includes an analysis of the representation of the insult loser as used in the United States. Inspired by the presence of an element linking work and said insult, the choice to present loser lends itself to exhibiting the discursive mobilisation of the social values instilled in the words work and loser
Tilikete, Ourida. "Les locutions à noyau verbal en kabyle : approches syntaxique, sémantique, pragmatique et théorique." Paris, INALCO, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INAL0009.
Full textThis research is devoted to the study of idiomatic expressions whose nucleus is a verb in a Berber dialect : Kabyle. After having defined and identified the idioms among all types of fixed forms, their analysis followed, it concerned notably the verbal idioms which has a constituent being an item referring to the human body. The review of the idiomatic expressions needed a study on the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and rhetoric levels. On the syntactic level, we determined a list of the grammatical functions fulfilled by the nouns which concern the the human body parts. This was followed by the categorization of the idioms according to their formal structure and the grammatical function of the item that is subsequent to the verb phrase. Then, the idiomatic expressions were subjected to checking test of their change possibilities. On the semantic level, there was a classification of the idiomatic expressions according to the criteria of the idiom's motivation of global meaning in relation to the meaning of its separate constituents. Ensued the establishing of the pejorative or ameliorative values linked to the effects of meaning of each idiom, lastly the lexico-semantic analysis of the constituents. The pragmatic analysis is devoted to the conditions that govern the use of the idiomatic expressions in the extra linguistic environment as well as their functions. As to the rhetoric analysis, it is composed of the various phases linked to the use of stylistics (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoc) that bind the nouns of the human body parts. Lastly, the work ended with an inventory of the stylistic functions that are fulfilled by tropes in speech
Bouanane, Ahmed. "Analyse syntactico-sémantique de la phrase relative en arabe littéraire écrit." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H036.
Full textIn this thesis, we have emphasized on some syntactic and semantic questions related to the way how relative sentences could be constructed in written arabic, and its specific characteristics as compared to on the one hand, the morrocan arabic and on the other hand, other languages belonging to different language families. Firstly, we have analysed the formal structure of relative sentences by emphasizing on their formal similarities with concessive and indirect interrogative sentences. Secondly, we have identified tow types of relative sentences: those which are with and without antecedent
Kim, Soo-Jean. "Analyse syntaxique et sémantique du passif en français." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040079.
Full textThis study has as its object to demonstrate - though the passive voice - what is the paradox of the production of meaning and to present the solution that its definition provides. It is necessary to conceive how that which produces meaning functions or more exactly the relationship between grammar and semantics which we bring out in our explanation of "être" and "par". These two distinctive traits of the passive sentence will cause us to reflect upon the relationship between syntax and meaning. This perspective rests upon an understanding of language according to which the lexeme is abstract because language is not a system where names are applied to concrete objects. That is why we shall base our method upon the notion of the non-propriety of terms of which the tests are that of synonymy, polysemy, homonym, etc
Malanda, Paul. "Sémantique et syntaxe du système verbal dans "la vida de Lazarillo de Tormes"." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100116.
Full textThe present work is a linguistic study of the verbal system found in the sixteenth century narrative, "la vida de Lazarillo de Tormes". This study is concerned with the syntax and the semantics of the verbal system in "la vida de Lazarillo de Tormes". It seeks to shed light on the following: the different categories of mood, of tense, of person, of aspect (of verb), of voice as manifested in flexional endings or in the form taken by a verb. The work aims at contributing to better understanding and use of this sub-system which characterizes classical Spanish
Kanté, Issa. "La complétive nominale finie : entre syntaxe et sémantique : une étude contrastive anglais-francais." Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_kante.pdf.
Full textMassoussi, Taoufik. "Mécanisme de la métonymie : approche syntaxico-sémantique." Paris 13, 2008. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2008_massoussi.pdf.
Full textWe adopt the formalism of the classes of objects to describe metonymy in French. The objective of this description is twofold: to provide a description of the regularities in the way this mechanism works and to constitute lexical bases dedicated to the automatic treatment of languages. It is postulated that the minimal frame of analysis of the lexical items is the simple sentence defined in terms of predicates and arguments. According to this principle, the metonymy is analyzed as a semantic mechanism indicated by a transfer of predicates between classes of words correlated to appropriate predicates. When it concerns elementary nouns, the transfer operates a semantic re-categorization and creates new uses. The categorization of the words into arguments and predicates allows us to propose a tripartite classification of metonymy. The metonymy of the meronymic type and those who are of the argumental type, put in relation elementary nouns, whereas the metonymy of the predicative type operates a structural re-categorization. In this last instance, we distinguish at first a double actualization (predicative and argumental) of polysemous lexical items, before witnessing a transfer of predicates which corresponds to the structural re-categorization. Transfer and actualization are both organizing principles which bring to light the systematic character of metonymy
Estratat, Mathieu. "Vers les grammaires de configuration." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30056.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to use finite models search as a single natural language parsing framework at both syntactical and semantical points of view. For the syntax, the configuration grammars we propose offer a formal framework for the representation and studying of grammars. They allow the implementation of a syntactical parser, just by defining the grammar. The semantics treatment is based on descriptive texts (which describe objects). These syntactico-semantic treatments are described by constrained object models, formalized with the Z language. This method, new to the best of our knowledge in natural language analysis, presents the advantage of being independant from resolution technics. We are using a finite model search method, called configuration, for searching a solution out of an interpretation of the constrained object model
Messaoudi, El-Haouès. "L'interrogation dans le Coran (approche syntaxique et sémantique)." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H074.
Full textInterrogation in Coran presents singular particularities for : speaker and hearer (animate and inanimate) ; monemes of interrogation (determinations, morphology, functions and values) and structure of the question, whether a real question or a rhetorical question. This latter is characterized by particular nouns and verbs, by position (opening and closing the narrative) and by repetition as refrain)
Sandford, Eugène. "Augmentation lexicale sémantique et désambigui͏̈sation lexicale sémantique : application à la traduction du français vers le tahitien." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20265.
Full textPerova, Nouvelot Yulia. "La préposition "iz" en russe moderne : étude de corpus." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ2013.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of the preposition iz in modern Russian, through the constructions that contain it and form a complex semantic network. While prepositions have always been a central part of linguistic research, iz has not been described in much detail in terms of its semantics and function, even though some works have been devoted to it. The main objective of this work has been to establish a semantic network of the preposition iz, through its main uses and based on existing digital corpora.Chapter I of this thesis provides an overview of research on prepositions in Russian and Western linguistics. This theoretical section looks at unresolved questions in linguistic research related to this part of speech, including definition of the preposition as a category, the existence of lexical meanings inherent in prepositions, and the organisation of their semantical structure, among others. Chapter II presents a detailed analysis of the uses of iz within a construction, considered as a semantic-syntactic unit. The preposition iz is studied here in terms of its interaction with its cotexts: the governing element, on the one hand, and the complement of the preposition, on the other. There are eighteen (18) main constructions, three (3) of which have a concrete, spatial meaning, related to movement through space; five (5) constructions have a reconceptualised spatial meaning; eight (8) constructions have a “non-dynamic” character (no longer involving the idea of movement through space) and two (2) constructions have a causal meaning with iz. This detailed analysis highlights the parameters that show similarities between the various uses of iz by establishing links between them and by organising them into a well-structured network of meanings. This network of meanings forms the semantic profile of iz itself. Chapter III provides a summary including the main ideas developed in the chapter analysing iz, and compares them through a contrastive study on the uses of the prepositions ot and s, which appear in similar contexts and, as a result, enter into competition with iz. This contrastive analysis makes it possible to identify the specificities of the uses of each of the three prepositions and to determine the way in which they separate areas of use. Elsewhere, particular consideration is given to the quantitative analysis of combinations of the three prepositions iz, ot and s with prefix verbs. The results obtained clearly confirm the hypothesis of a correlation between the prepositions and the homonymous prefixes ot and ot-, s and s-, and the synonymous prefixes iz and vy-. Lastly, the arguments developed throughout the work are used to explain erroneous use cases involving the preposition iz in works for learners of Russian (mainly French and English-speaking). Thanks to this comparative dimension between languages with a different structure, the analysis carried out highlights the fact that certain constructions with iz (in particular, ‘belonging’, ‘identification of an entity within a group of entities’) have specific parameters that are not present in “equivalent” constructions in French and English. The general conclusion of the thesis that concludes this study presents all of the results and data obtained, as does the Annex, which brings together the main quantitative data taken from research on prepositions studied mainly in the Russian National Corpus (ruscorpora.ru). The results obtained can contribute to linguistic studies of prepositions and to lexicographical entries, as well as to research related to acquisition of Russian by non-Russian-speaking adults, and didactics of Russian as a foreign language for example
Féron, Eusèbe Corinne. "Sémantique et syntaxe de quelques verbes épistémiques du moyen français : vers un traitement lexicographique." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040377.
Full textThe epistemic verbs studied herein have been distributed into two categories (verbs of knowledge and verbs of belief), each defined by a syntactic criterion and a semantic one. Concerning the direct use, the relevant feature is the modal value, provided the "objective truth" and the "subjective truth" should be discriminated from each other. As to the other uses, it is the enunciative value - i. E. The speaker's attitude - which is discriminative. In both situations, the notion of a universe of belief enables an unequivocal as well as consonant to the linguistic process description to be expressed. The evidential value also plays a part in the description of the epistemic verbs. We can then establish that the divergence between middle and modern French is rather unimportant. The assumption of a biunivocal connection between the types of sources and the values of truth of the proposition in the subject's universe of belief is to be banished
Beauseroy, Delphine. "Syntaxe et sémantique des noms abstraits : des propriétés verbales et adjectivales aux propriétés nominales." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN21016/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to examine the morphosyntactic and semantic properties of abstract nouns related to verbal and adjectival predicates. Since the nouns we examine are linked to verbal and adjectival predicates, the first part focuses on the question of aspectual properties in the nominal domain. We show that 'intensive abstract nouns' (Van de Velde 1995 and Flaux & Van de Velde 2000) constitute a unified aspectual class characterized by the feature [-DYNAMIC]. From the assumption that the stative feature common to these nouns allows a unified analysis, we propose a study relying on the idea that stative nouns are distinguished by their uses, and show that, in addition to a purely stative meaning, these nouns can also convey other information, in which they denote occurrences. The second part is dedicated to the syntactic behaviour of stative nouns, i.e. number and determination, but also adjectival modification. This enables us to identify two distinct morphosyntactic behaviours, that parallel the distinction between stative and occurrence understanding highlighted in the first part. On the one hand, in their property sense, these nouns have a behaviour similar to that of massive concrete nouns and qualify as relational nouns, i.e. they require an argument with which they enter into a predication relationship (at the syntactic level). On the other hand, in their occurrence sense, these nouns behave like concrete count nouns and are not inherently relational. To sum up, the analysis of stative nouns shows that they share semantic properties with certain types of verbal and adjectival predicates, as well as syntactic properties with various classes of concrete nouns
Simon, Michel. "Étude syntaxique, sémantique et traductologique des "phrasal verbs" anglais." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070052.
Full textPhrasal verbs are polylexical units comprised of a verb and an adverbial particle. They are a dynamic location for complex predicative and enunciative operations, where three key functions (localisation, synthetic derivation and metaphorisation) intersect. According to the greater or lesser degree of compositionality involved, one can distinguish three levels of phrasal verbs. Each of these may be studied in correlation with three other criteria, viz. Its Aktionsart class and syntactic/semantic valency. At the very heart of the English enunciation, phrasaI verbs demonstrate the concentration of predicative force bestowed upon them by the particle, via the operation of localisation. Translation patterns reveal that French has almost the opposite tendency: 1. Localisation in French is either grarnmaticalised (preverbs, reflexive/adverbial pronouns) or else disappears altogether. 2. Predication is sometimes intensified, sometimes toned down, as French prefers to adopt hypernym as a solution rather than the [QL T -> LOC] pattern. The translation of phrasaI verbs thus attests to two contrasting enunciative scenarios, with English opting for the "Statement mode" while French prefers the "Comment mode"