Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Synthèse graphique'
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Holländer, Matthias. "Synthèse géométrique temps réel." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0009/document.
Full textEal-time geometry synthesis is an emerging topic in computer graphics.Today's interactive 3D applications have to face a variety of challengesto fulfill the consumer's request for more realism and high quality images.Often, visual effects and quality known from offline-rendered feature films or special effects in movie productions are the ultimate goal but hard to achieve in real time.This thesis offers real-time solutions by exploiting the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)and efficient geometry processing.In particular, a variety of topics related to classical fields in computer graphics such assubdivision surfaces, global illumination and anti-aliasing are discussedand new approaches and techniques are presented
Bourdin, Jean-Jacques. "Méthodes de rendu en synthèse d'images 2D, modèle et algorithmes." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10584.
Full textSmet, Catherine de. "Le livre comme synthèse des arts : édition et design graphique chez Le Corbusier, 1945-1965." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0094.
Full textThe thirty-five books published by Le Corbusier between 1912 and 1960 were each conceived as autonomous projects : he himself saw to their design and closely supervised all stages of the publication process. The analysis of this singular activity at the junction of architecture, art, and communication uncovers a little known aspect of a career that evolved through the twentieth century, and the architect’s contribution to a history he is rarely associated with, the history of publishing. In concentrating on the books published after 1945, in which an autobiographical posture prevails, this study aims to bring to light the issues linked to the visual rhetoric of layout as well as the essential role of books in the dynamics of Le Corbusier’s work as a whole. In particular, it seeks to show how the architect exploited graphic design techniques to present the unity of his production, and thereby to accomplish, within the printed medium, his difficult project of a synthesis of the arts
Genoud, Philippe. "Contribution à la définition d'un logiciel graphique pour la visualisation et le dialogue interactifs structurés." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00332427.
Full textLefebvre, Sylvain. "Modèles d'habillage de surface pour la synthèse d'images." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012154.
Full textformes. Ils sont cependant primordiaux pour enrichir l'aspect visuel des images produites, et répondre aux besoins croissants de réalisme des applications graphiques modernes (jeux vidéos, effets spéciaux,
simulateurs).
En synthèse d'image, les modèles d'habillage de surface, tels que le placage de texture, sont utilisés conjointement à la représentation des formes pour enrichir l'aspect des objets. Ils permettent de représenter les variations des propriétés du matériau le long de la surface, et ainsi de créer de nombreux détails, allant de fins motifs colorés à des aspects rugueux ou abimés.
Cependant, la demande croissante de l'industrie, en terme de richesse, de qualité et de finesse de détails, implique une utilisation des ressources toujours plus grande : quantité de données à stocker, temps et difficulté de création pour les artistes, temps de calcul des images. Les modèles d'habillage de surface actuels, en particulier le placage de texture, ne permettent plus de répondre efficacement à toutes les situations.
Nous proposons dans cette thèse de nouveaux modèles d'habillage, qui permettent d'atteindre de très hautes résolutions de détails sur les surfaces, avec peu de mémoire, un temps de création réduit et avec des performances interactives : nous les avons conçus pour les processeurs graphiques programmables récents. Nos approches sont multiples : combinaison semi-automatique de motifs sur la surface, gestion de texture dépendante du point de vue, méthodes basées sur des textures hiérarchiques pour éviter le recours à une paramétrisation planaire globale. Nous proposons également, à titre d'exemple, des applications concrètes de nos modèles d'habillage génériques à des cas difficiles, voire impossibles, à réaliser auparavant.
Ivaldi, William. "Synthèse de vue frontale et modélisation 3D de visages par vision multi-caméras." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066221.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis prepared with SAGEM Sécurité, worldwide biometry leader, is to study a real-time system of facial reconstruction for a face recognition application. The algorithm must generate a frontal view of an unknown face, without constraint when walking behind the 4 video cameras. After testing a classic stereovision approach, we evaluate the well know AAM models but their deformation mode doesn't give any acceptable convergence on unknown faces. We then define an original 3D Radial Model by hemispheric projection of 3D face scans to get deformation modes adapted to the constraints. After the 3D radial model is ajusted, the frontal view is obtained by fusion of the 4 source images using a visibility rule applied at every position of the model surface. This virtual view is computed from a frontal point of view depending of the 'face' normal of the model. The virtual view synthesis is performed in real time using the graphic card GPU ressources
Cortial, Yann. "Synthèse de terrain à l'échelle planétaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI094.
Full textAllowing the real-time exploration of huge, detailed, heterogeneous synthetic terrains remains an unsolved challenge in computer graphics, despite forty years of research. In general, existing methods only handle terrains of limited extent, defined over a planar topology. In this thesis, we explore terrain modeling at maximum-scale, i.e. at planetary scale - a scale which exceeds by four orders of magnitude the extent of the domain of classical terrain synthesis. However, this problem has been largely neglected, only a couple of modeling methods have been proposed in past research. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel decoupled solution, capable of generating true-to-scale planets. Our architecture takes first into account the geology of terrestrial planets by deploying a guided plate tectonics simulation. This simulation allows the generation of large-scale planetary features such as continents, oceanic relief, islands arcs and mountain ranges. This macroscopic model is then forwarded as an input to an hyper-amplification method capable of producing continuous, detailed real-time views of the terrain. To handle the size of the domain, the procedural amplification method relies on the pre-structuration of the tectonic model, allowing on-the-fly generation of the final detailed model, restricted to the current camera view. The model is produced entirely on the GPU by relying on a massively parallel stochastic subdivision scheme, guided by level-of-detail dependent rules. Overall, our method better handles certain problems tied to previous fractal methods, such as the self-similarity of homogeneous landscapes and the lack of user-control, by producing planets that show more variety, appear more realistic and can be more efficiently designed by artists
Laplace, Jean Cyril. "Étude et mise en œuvre d'une architecture de processeur graphique associé à un système à mémoire commune : développements possibles en synthèse d'image." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI206.
Full textNie, Zhigang. "Utilisation des déformations pour la modélisation des solides de forme libre en synthèse d'images." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817748.
Full textDemouth, Julien. "Événements visuels de convexes et limites d'ombres." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00342717.
Full textPour un ensemble d'objets convexes disjoints, nous proposons une définition topologique de la vue qui fait la part belle aux silhouettes visibles des objets de la scène et nous caractérisons géométriquement les lieux où se produisent les événements visuels. Nous utilisons cette caractérisation pour proposer une méthode qui permet d'extraire les limites entre lumière et pénombre et entre ombre et pénombre dans une scène éclairée par des sources surfaciques. Nous arrivons ainsi à réduire considérablement la taille des objets intermédiaires utilisés pour la construction des limites entre les régions.
De plus, nous démontrons les premières bornes théoriques non triviales sur la complexité des limites entre lumière et pénombre ainsi qu'entre ombre et pénombre.
Touron, Matthieu. "Approche énergétique pour la représentation, la structuration et la synthèse des Systèmes d’Assistance à Opérateur : application aux chaînes de commande de vol d’hélicoptère." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0008/document.
Full textA rotorcraft is a complex dynamic physical system. The development of this kind of systems requires methods to analyze its structure and its behavior and to control this latter. The energetic framework (bond graph and Hamiltonian formulation) allows a multiphysical nonlinear representation, modular and with several levels of granularity. Among its components, flight controls transmit the orders from the pilot to rotors. Leading the motive power (about 2MW) directly from a handling control is almost impossible without active devices for assistance. In order to represent the flow of the control information and its processing, a cyberphysical representation combines a multiphysical representation with an informational representation (bloc diagram).This thesis work aims at proposing an intermediate granularity level between purely multiphysical representations and cyberphysical representations. Based on PMBC (Physical Model Based Control) approach, a new method to represent the assistance parts is proposed, by means of a physical equivalent model. The method is then enriched by a genuine design procedure of an Operator Assisting System: we determine where actuators must operate, according to which control laws and from which measurements. The method is applied to an industrial case: two representations of the possible design solutions set are obtained, a detailed cyberphysical representation and a global representation of its behavior. The actual industrial solution belongs to the defined set of possible solutions
Welker, Cécile. "La fabrique des "nouvelles images" : l’émergence des images de synthèse en France dans la création audiovisuelle (1968-1989)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA116/document.
Full textBetween the first PhD in computer graphics (defended in 1968) and the first entirely synthetic advertisement broadcast on television (1983), computer-generated images became “new images”. The aim is not to assess these so-called new images according to their distinctive qualities of rupture or continuity, as the expression would suggest, but rather to study their mode of production and representation in order to determine what they show from the techniques employed, and the imaginative worlds that they convey at the time of the emergence of digital images, like so many creative suggestions but also ideological issues. Studied first from a technical, then from an aesthetic point of view, thanks to the cross-study of testimonies, grey literature and a formal analysis of the movies, these productions show a process of recovery of the medium, before and after the image. This PhD not only defines an “official” history of computer-generated images in France, replacing as precisely as possible the productions in their technical, political and cultural environment, but it also reveals when computer-generated images are innovating products, from their places of fabrication to their places of legitimacy. The conclusions question the different local circulations of people, tools and images, at a time when the cultural policies of the year 1981 promotes the bond between art and computer, and the indiscipline of creations
Matherat, Philippe. "Contribution à l'augmentation de puissance des architectures de visus graphiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00172858.
Full textPerrotin, Olivier. "Chanter avec les mains : interfaces chironomiques pour les instruments de musique numériques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112207/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the real-time control of singing voice synthesis by a graphic tablet, based on the digital musical instrument Cantor Digitalis.The relevance of the graphic tablet for the intonation control is first considered, showing that the tablet provides a more precise pitch control than real voice in experimental conditions.To extend the accuracy of control to any situation, a dynamic pitch warping method for intonation correction is developed. It enables to play under the pitch perception limens preserving at the same time the musician's expressivity. Objective and perceptive evaluations validate the method efficiency.The use of new interfaces for musical expression raises the question of the modalities implied in the playing of the instrument. A third study reveals a preponderance of the visual modality over the auditive perception for the intonation control, due to the introduction of visual clues on the tablet surface. Nevertheless, this is compensated by the expressivity allowed by the interface.The writing or drawing ability acquired since early childhood enables a quick acquisition of an expert control of the instrument. An ensemble of gestures dedicated to the control of different vocal effects is suggested.Finally, an intensive practice of the instrument is made through the Chorus Digitalis ensemble, to test and promote our work. An artistic research has been conducted for the choice of the Cantor Digitalis' musical repertoire. Moreover, a visual feedback dedicated to the audience has been developed, extending the perception of the players' pitch and articulation
Ibarrart, Loris. "Description en espaces de chemins et méthode de Monte Carlo pour les transferts thermiques couplés dans les structures fluides et solides, une approche compatible avec l'informatique graphique." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAC0009.
Full textThe present manuscript deals with the coupling of thermal heat transfers. More precisely, it adresses this coupling by making use of the Monte Carlo method and the sampling of random paths. This choice was made in the perspective of building algorithms that do not present constraints regarding the complexity of the studied geometry. Indeed, the combined use of this kind of statistical approaches, and acceleration tools coming from the image synthesis community, already allowed for an exact resolution of radiative transfer in arbitrary geometries. Regarding diffusive heat transfers, exact results using random paths are only achievable in academic configurations. Thus, approximate random paths are commonly used to account for this kind of thermal transport. Among the possible choices, we will use random paths built on ray tracing, therefore allowing to benefit once again from all the advantages of the tools developed in computer graphics. A proof of concept of the insensitivity of the computation time of the resolution of thermal transfers in porous exchangers to the number of pores by making use of conducto-convecto-radiative random paths will be presented. Beyond this result, an analysis of the behaviour of this method in ducts heat exchangers will allow to clarify when this kind of insensitivity can indeed be observed. This analysis will induce the concept of thermal thickness, by analogy with optical thickness for radiative transfer
Fouquet, François. "Contributions à l’acquisition, à la modélisation et à l’augmentation d’environnements complexes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10288.
Full textToday, augmented images are parts of our daily life. From movie industry to video games through architecture and object design, many applications need to display synthetic objects into a real context. However, coherently integrating objects in their environment may be a difficult task. When the environment is vast or includes complex geometry or lighting, its modelling is tedious and using its model to render augmented images is resource-consuming. Moreover, applications like augmented reality need efficient real-time rendering. They also have to automatically adapt to unmodelled environments, while progressively acquiring data from incoming images. In this thesis, we based our work on computer vision, image-based modelling and rendering methods to propose a global approach to the problem of progressively discovered and complex environment coherent augmentation. We first develop new acquisition methods to get high dynamic range RGB+Z registered images of the environment. Then we explain how to use these informations to incrementally build models of scene geometry and lighting. Finally, we provide new rendering approaches using these models and suitable for an efficient and photometrically coherent image augmentation
Gruson, Adrien. "Toward more realism and robustness in global illumination." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S059/document.
Full textOne of the main goal in computer graphics is to generate an image that matches the user intent. To do that, the user has to go through several steps. The first step, named « Rendering engine », aims to precisely simulate light interactions with the objects of a 3D scene. At the end of this step, an image is generated. This image is represented by photometric values. Then, the user moves on to the second step, named « Post-production », where she/he applies several transformations to the computer generated images. To make the final image be in line with her/his expectations, the user can modify the 3D scene or change parameter values used throughout the different steps. Two main research avenues are investigated: acceleration of the generation of computer generated images and the development of user assistance tools allowing to satisfy the user's intent. First, we have developed computer graphics algorithms that generate high quality images. These techniques often rely on a stochastic process. They randomly construct light paths. However, in some particular setup, it turns out that these algorithms are inefficient. This is the case when rendering participating media for which a huge amount of light interactions is needed. These interactions entail a costly computing time. In order to reduce the rendering time, we have proposed a new discrete approach that runs on the GPU. However, there exist several limitations with this type of technique. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a second approach based on progressive photon mapping. Furthermore, in complex scenes, it is difficult to find valid light paths. This is why, our algorithm is based on Metropolis-Hasting. This type of technique allows to explore locally the path space but still have several drawbacks. The main drawback is that the algorithm does not distribute evenly the error over the image space. We have proposed a novel approach to address this issue. In the second part of this PhD, we are interested in the "post-production" step. A new technique has been developed to estimate the main illuminant in a scene. Knowing this main illuminant is crucial for color transformations. Moreover, we have developed a technique that optimizes automatically the lighting setup in a 3D scene to meet the user's expectations
Rousseau, Sylvain. "Compression collaborative de rayons de lumière pour le rendu distribué de Monte Carlo et applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT030.
Full textThis thesis takes part in computer graphics. It studies one of its key elements, the unit vectors. We propose a new space of representation for sets of unit vectors and demonstrate its use on different kind of applications. To do so, we adapt the developed algorithms to each specific case.In the first part, we propose a compression algorithm for unorganized unit vectors sets. This method, called "Uniquant" generates coherency and uses it to change the space of representations of the data, in order to compresses collaboratively the vectors. We then use Uniquant in case of application to compress points cloud with orientations. The algorithm is able to compress the normals of the points on-the-fly.In the second part, we propose to compress a key element of the Monte Carlo rendering algorithm: the light ray. This data structure is used in most of the realistic light transport simulations. These simulations builds light paths, represented using 3D polylines that connect the virtual sensor (camera) to the light sources. The compression algorithm is used in the case of network distributed rendering, where a rendering engine that exploits numerous computers over a distant network is used to generate a single image. The hardware used by this kind of engine has become more and more popular over the last decade, especially with projects like SETI@Home, which enable access to a lot of computational power. This kind of hardware could easily be extended to take advantage of the machines in public institutions or in big companies that are typically used less than half of the time. This allows to increase the computational power without any need for new hardware. The method uses the fact that in the case of portal based distributed rendering engine, a lot of rays can be accumulated before being transferred on the network. The direction compression is extended to the ray's origins compression to study the impact of the compression loss of the rendering. We also show that compression can be correlated to the material properties.In the last part, we present QFib, an adaptation of Uniquant applicable to some medical data, which share some of the same mathematical constraints as light paths: brain tractograms in this case. They are often used in neurosciences to visualize the major neuronal influences. They enable neurosurgeons to predict possible effects of certain surgical procedures, and for the researchers to better understand the brain. The usage of this kind of data is difficult due to their large size, making them difficult to process, visualize, store, or even exchange.The introduced algorithm reduces their size by 10 in a few seconds on commonly used datasets. It ensures a loss that is way smaller than the MRI precision
Baril, Jérôme. "Modèles de représentation multi-résolution pour le rendu photo-réaliste de matériaux complexes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525125.
Full textPetitjean, Dominique. "Synthèse et exfoliation de composés graphite-acide." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10413.
Full textXia, Jun. "Syntheses and studies of some graphite and graphite flouride intercalation compounds." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29823.
Full textChemistry, Department of
Graduate
Reghai, Lofti. "Synthèse et caractérisation des composés lamellaires graphite-métal alcalin-ammoniac." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10063.
Full textMarques, Ricardo. "Bayesian and Quasi-Monte Carlo spherical integration for global illumination." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979655.
Full textCavin, Xavier. "Simulation numérique parallèle et graphisme haute-performance pour la synthèse d'images réalistes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL099N.
Full textMercier, Cédric. "Matériaux d’électrodes négatives graphite-étain pour accumulateur Li-ion : synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés électrochimiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10068/document.
Full textThis study is devoted to the development of new anodic materials with high capacities for lithium-ion batteries. The synthesis of graphite-tin systems obtained by reduction, in the presence of graphite at various rates, of the tin Chlorides SnCl2 and SnCl4, by the alkoxide-activated alkaline hydrides ( sodium hydride or lithium hydride) is described. The nanomaterials prepared have stable reversible capacities in cycling, close to those calculated from the amounts of metal given by elemental analysis. However, important differences between the values and the evolution in cycling of the irreversible capacities depending on the hydride or the mixture of hydride used were observed. With sodium hydride, the irreversible capacity, very high during the first cycle, is practically cancelled at the second cycle; with lithium hydride, this irreversible capacity, although lower to the first cycle, gives a recurring residual value at the following cycles. The use of the NaH/LiH allowed to preserve the advantages of the two preceding systems and to synergistically combine their properties
Elansari, Ihaj lahcen. "Synthèse et insertion des hydrures de rubidium et de césium dans le graphite." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10053.
Full textAL, SALEH ISMAIL. "Oxyde, fluorure et oxyfluorure de graphite : synthese-etude structurale-proprietes electrochimiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF21434.
Full textFerland, François. "Interfaces graphiques tridimentionnelles de téléopération de plateformes robotiques mobiles." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1475.
Full textDhahri, Abdelwaheb. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanocomposites conducteurs à base de « graphène » et de polysaccharides." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1069/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis has been to experiment a new ways of exfoliation of graphene sheets in polysaccharide matrices such as cellulose and chitosan doped with gold nanoparticles (Au). Our strategy was to explore new routes for the grafting of molecules and macromolecules onto graphene oxide (GO). First, we have oxidized commercial graphite by the method of Hummers which is a priori the simplest method to implement to produce a stable suspension of graphene oxide sheets totally exfoliated in water. The advantage of this oxidation is the formation of carboxylic acid and epoxy functional groups onto the graphite surface that can be functionalized in two stages by ethylenediamine and then by a polysaccharide such as cellulose. Indeed, in order to improve the compatibility of graphite oxide with organic matrix such as cellulose, the idea is to graft it onto polysaccharide chains. These results made it possible to demonstrate the partial exfoliation of the graphene sheets after functionalization and to obtain a percentage of grafting of about 35wt% for cellulose. The electrical conductivity of the corresponding nanocomposites has also been studied by dielectric measurements at various temperatures. The increase of the electrical conductivity after the functionalization of graphite oxide showed a solvo-thermo reduction simultaneously with the functionalization. Finally, the doping of this material by gold particles made it possible to obtain an electrical conductivity of 1.60 10-4 S m-1. Concerning chitosan-based composite materials, the scientific approach was the same as cellulose substrate and we obtained a percentage of grafting of 68wt%. In addition, its catalytic activity for the conversion of 4-Nitrophenol to 4-Aminophenol was of high efficiency
Barthe, Loïc. "Modèles pour la Création Interactive et Intuitive d'Objets Tridimensionnels." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918452.
Full textLe, Naour Thibaut. "Utilisation des relations spatiales pour l'analyse et l'édition de mouvement." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00916514.
Full textDaoud, Mohamed. "Fluorures de graphite : synthese, caracterisation applications dans le stockage electrochimique de l'energie." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF21178.
Full textZambon, Adrien. "Modèles chimiques du nitrure de carbone graphitique : lien structure-propriétés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV024/document.
Full textGraphitic carbon nitride (gCN) is an organic semi-conductor which has lately attracted a lot of attention when its photocatalytic properties were highlighted for water splitting. It has been recently shown to be based on the heptazine core, but its three-dimensional structure remains elusive. This is first due to its poor solubility which prevents the use of classical characterization techniques, and second to the fact that changes in synthesis experimental conditions (precursors, temperature…) yield different materials. The synthesis of tailored and well-defined molecular models would therefore certainly be of great interest to better understand the structure-properties relationship of this material. This is the aim of the work presented in this manuscript. The reactivity of cyameluryl chloride, a monomeric precursor, has been studied, and a protocol for a quantitative selective substitution by aliphatic secondary amines has been determined. The use of deprotonation by a strong base or thermal treatment yielded two dimers and one linear trimer. The oligomers have been characterized by several technique (X-ray diffraction, NMR, IR, UV-vis absorption, emission, electrochemistry), and the obtained data were in close agreement to the ones observed in DFT. As a rule of thumb, a decrease of the electronic transition energies is observed for an increasing chain length. The application of extrapolation methods to the experimental data suggests that oligomers are relevant molecular models for gCN
Balan, Lavinia Maria. "Nouveaux matériaux d'électrodes négatives pour batteries lithium-ion associant le graphite à des éléments s'alliant au lithium : synthèse, caractérisation et étude de leurs propriétés électrochimiques." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN10207.
Full textPruvost, Sébastien. "Sur l'intercalation dans le graphite des alliages lithium-calcium." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10153.
Full textThe study of the graphite-lithium-calcium system leads to the formation of three novel intercalation compounds called α, ß and γ. The synthesis of these ternary phases is carried out at 350°C by immersion of a pyrographite platelet in a molten Li-Ca alloy whose composition is judiciously chosen. The presence of lithium in these compounds requires nuclear microprobe analysis in order to determine the elemental composition. The ß compound possesses a high metal quantity (C/Metal ratio near 1) especially in lithium. The γ phase contains a very small lithium amount and its chemical formula is close to CaC6. A structural study allowed to determine the a phase lattice. Along the c-axis, the intercalated sheets are five-layered according to a Li-Ca-Li-Ca-Li sequence that is close to the CaLi2 structure. 7Li NMR confirms these results. The ß compound contains thicker intercalated sheets that become seven-layered. The in-plane lattice of the γ phase corresponds to that of CaC6
SENHAJI, ABDELLAH. "Nouveaux composes d'intercalation binaires et ternaires de graphite avec les fluorure : synthese et caracterisation." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF21488.
Full textMouras, Sylvie. "Composes d'intercalation graphite-fluorures inorganiques : nouvelle synthese : etude spectroscopique : reduction par voie chimique et electrochimique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF21155.
Full textMESSAOUDI, ALI. "Synthese de metaux finement divises (fe, co, ni) a partir des composes d'insertion du graphite." Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE2043.
Full textDelabarre, Céline. "Etude de la synthèse et du traitement thermique sous fluor de fluorures de graphite préparés à température ambiamte." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://195.221.120.247/simclient/consultation/binaries/stream.asp?INSTANCE=UCFRSIM&eidmpa=DOCUMENTS_THESES_85.
Full textGlad, Xavier. "Synthèse et étude de la formation de pyramides et cônes de graphite par gravure en plasma radiofréquence argon/hydrogène." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0127/document.
Full textCarbon occurs as many different allotropic forms. One in particular, graphite, exhibits a remarkable variety of geometrical configurations largely used in industrial applications. This work permitted the synthesis of a novel crystalline form: the hexagonal-pyramidal graphite hillocks. These submicronic structures are created from graphite substrates by low pressure Ar/H2 radiofrequency (rf) plasma etching. In order to understand the formation of these new crystals, plasma characterization has been carried out by Langmuir probes and laser absorption spectroscopy to check the surface temperature and estimate the ion fluxes and energies. Etching kinetics has been directly observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical etching processes in pure hydrogen resulted in the creation of helical graphite cones whose crystal parameters and surface amorphisation have been revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The etching rate and surface topography as function of the gas mixture show a transition where no structures are created. The physical etching in pure argon creates hexagonal-pyramidal graphite hillocks. A formation model of these crystals has been proposed owing to a good knowledge of the different plasma conditions and thorough electron microscopy studies on two kinds of substrates. High resolution MET analyses showed graphene loops closing the edges planes along the crystal facets and related to the structure’s formation. We also showed the texturing of the surface of highly ordered graphite (HOPG) by creating a high and homogeneous density of crystals whose size may be controlled
Amine, Khalil. "Application des méthodes de fluoration à la synthèse de nouveaux composés d'intercalation du graphite et à la passivation d'oxydes supraconducteurs à haut Tc." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10635.
Full textGros, Pascal. "Étude et mise en oeuvre d'une architecture multiprocesseurs pour la synthèse d'images : vers une algorithme adaptée à une implantation VLSI." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD338.
Full textElalem, Nour-Eddine. "Insertion d'hydrures alcalins dans le graphite." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613467p.
Full textAmine, Khalil. "Application des méthodes de fluoration à la synthèse de nouveaux composés d'intercalation du graphite et à la passivation d'oxydes supraconducteurs à hautTc." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00620462.
Full textMontigaud, Hervé. "Synthèses sous hautes pressions et caractérisations physicochimiques du nitrure de bore cubique et du nitrure de carbone C3N4." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164570.
Full textYamamoto, Hiroki. "Syntheses, Structures, and Applications of Inorganic Materials Functionalized by Fluorine." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263756.
Full textLê, Thanh Vu. "Visualisation interactive 3D pour un ensemble de données géographiques de très grande taille." Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU3005.
Full textReal-time terrain rendering remains an active area of research for a lot of modern computer based applications such as geographic information systems (GIS), interactive 3D games, flights simulators or virtual reality. The technological breakthroughs in data aquisition, coupled with recent advances in display technology have simultaneously led to substantial increases in resolution of both the Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and the various displays used to present this information. In this phD, we have presented a new out-of-core terrain visualization algorithm that achieves per-pixel accurate shading of large textured elevation maps in real-time : our first contribution is the LOD scheme which is based on a small precomputed quadtree of geometric errors, whose nodes are selected for asynchronous loading and rendering depending on a projection in screenspace of those errors. The terrain data and its color texture are manipulated by the CPU in a unified manner as a collection of raster image patches, whose dimensions depends on their screen-space occupancy ; our second contribution is a novel method to remove artifacts that appear on the border between quadtree blocks, we generate a continuous surface without needing additional mesh ; our latest contribution is an effective method adapted to our data structure for the geomorphing, it can be implemented entirely on the GPU. The presented framework exhibits several interesting features over other existing techniques : there is no mesh manipulation or mesh data structures required ; terrain geometric complexity only depends on projected elevation error views from above result in very coarse meshes), lower geometric complexity degrades terrain silhouettes but not details brought in through normal map shading, real-time rendering with support for progressive data loading ; and geometric information and color textures are similarly and efficiently handled as raster data by the CPU. Due to simplified data structures, the system is compact, CPU and GPU efficient and is simple to implement
Guimont, Aline. "Greffage de polydimethylsiloxane et de polyéthylène sur des feuillets de graphène oxydé : application à la synthèse de (nano)composites conducteurs." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10028/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to experiment and validate new means of graphene exfoliation in an elastomer matrix such as silicone (PDMS) and a thermoplastic matrix such as polyethylene (PE). Because of the low affinity of graphene oxide for these matrices due to its high polarity, its chemical modification was carried out. Different approaches were explored: the grafting of PDMS onto GO was carried out with success by a direct functionalization with a PDMS terminated triethoxysilane and by a catalytic hydrosilation reaction of a PDMS terminated Si-H onto vinyltrimethoxysilane modified GO. The viscoelastic behavior of GO and modified GO/PDMS suspensions showed the importance of the filler-filler interaction on the formation of a percolating network. The rheological percolation threshold of the GO/PDMS suspension was obtained at ~1.75 wt% with an aspect ratio (Af) of ~60. In addition, the grafting of PE onto GO was studied with the high temperature radical grafting of pentadecane formed by a hydrogen atom abstraction with a peroxide, which was then extrapolated to a low molecular PE (Mn~2000). Moreover, thio and azide functionnalized PE with a similar Mn were also grafted onto graphite derivatives by a radical and a Michael addition. After choosing the filler which presented the closest electrical conductivity to the one of graphite powder and a good affinity for a heptane media, a LDPE based nano-composite that presented suitable electrical properties for an electromagnetic shielding application (4 105 Ω.cm at 25 wt%) was obtained and this without any use of toxic reducing agents
Disa, Elodie. "Synthèse de nanolubrifiants à base de carbones fluorés." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824130.
Full textDelabarre, Céline Hamwi Andre. "Etude de la synthèse et du traitement thermique sous fluor de fluorures de graphite préparés à température ambiante applications au stockage électrochimique de l'énergie /." Clermont-Ferrand : Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://195.221.120.247/simclient/consultation/binaries/stream.asp?INSTANCE=UCFRSIM&eidmpa=DOCUMENTS_THESES_85.
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