Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Synthèse haute pression'
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Amardeil, Régine. "L'hydrure de tributyletain en synthèse organique : sélectivité sous haute pression." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10569.
Full textJouini, Zied. "Synthèse des clathrates dans le système silicium-sodium sous haute pression et haute température." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS190/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the synthesis and thermodynamics of intermetallic clathrates of the Na-Si system, which are the important materials for thermoelectric applications and are the promising precursors for new forms of Si for the photovoltaic and photonic applications. In this work the formation of the Na-Si clathrates have been studied in situ and ex situ at high pressure and high temperature. A number of new forms of silicon have been observed while heating the clathrates under vacuum. Under pressures below 3 GPa the clathrates does not form by the interaction of elements. Instead, the silicide Na4Si4 forms and remains stable up to melting. Above 3 GPa, Na4Si4 formed in the beginning of the heating, react with the excess of Si and gives Na30Si136 (structure II) and after that, if Na30Si136 react with the excess of Si, to form Na8Si46 (structure I) below 7 GPa and the clathrate NaSi6 above 7 GPa. The experiments have been performed by using the standard Paris-Edinburg cell (opposite anvils) up to 6 GPa and multianvil press for pressures above 6 GPa. The strong sensibility of the crystallization product to the concentration of sodium has been observed. The diagram of transformations in clathrates for pressures between 0 and 10 GPa and temperatures between 300 and 1500 K has been proposed. The phase diagram (concentration – temparature at 4 GPa) that represents the observed transformations and stability domains has been also proposed and suggests the existence of three eutetic equilibria: between Si and structure I, between structures I and II, and between structure II and Na4Si4. To understand the thermodynamics and interactions in the system Na-Si, the modelisation of phase diagram at ambient pressure has also been performed that allowed us to establish the thermodynamic characteristics of melting and the equations of observed liquidi. To take into account the impact of pressure on the thermodynamics, the p-V-T equations of state of diamond Si, structure I and high-pressure form of structure II have been used
Thibaud, Jean-Marc. "Nanocomposites zéolithe/polymère à fonctionallité multiple (NANOPOZE)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT240/document.
Full textSynthesis of linear polymer/zeolite nanocomposites under high pressurePolymer/zeolite nanocomposites form a class of materials constituted by polymer chains inside the pores of the zeolite (porous materials with a framework principally built up of SiO4 tetrahedra). Confinement in the microporous material allows reactive polymers to be stabilized, opening the way for the exploitation of their electrical and optical properties. The insertion of monomers in the zeolite takes place in a diamond anvil cell under high pressure, which induces polymerization (monitored by infrared spectroscopy) without any external assistance, avoiding the use of unwanted catalysts. The use of a zeolite host with unidirectional porosity, unlike previously investigated three-dimensional pore systems zeolites, can induce the formation of linear polymers with useful directional properties. In this work, we studied the synthesis of polyacetylene/TON and polycarbonyl/TON composites, as the linear polymers fit in the unidirectional 5.7x4.6 Å micropores of TON (Theta-1, ZSM-22).Characterization by X-ray diffraction allowed us to perform structure refinements of nanocomposites by the Rietveld method and to locate the polymer using difference Fourier maps, which also provide information on the number of chains by unit cell. There are 4 in the case of polyacetylene and 1 for polycarbonyl. DFT calculations were performed for TON, polyacetylene/TON and polycarbonyl/TON to predict their physical properties: transition from an insulating to a semi-conducting or metallic state
Jeanneau, Justin. "Synthèse et propriétés physiques sous haute pression de composés à base de Cr4+." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY088.
Full textAfter 25 years of research on the superconducting cuprates, the discovery of high Tc superconductivity in related iron based pnictides in 2008[1] has stimulated the search of new superconductors. In particular antiferromagnet (AFM) with high Néel temperature, moderate magnetic moments and with crystallographic 2D layers could be adequate parent phases for new unconventional superconductors. In particular, other systems with 3d transition elements are very interesting systems for potential new high Tc superconductors.In this context we have reinvestigated the physical properties of n=1, 2,3 and + members of the Srn+1CrnO3n+1Ruddlesden Popper (RP) series. We have successfully synthesized at HP-HT Sr2CrO4 (n=1), Sr3Cr2O7(n=2), Sr4Cr3O10 (n=3) and SrCrO3 (n=infinite). We present some results of several studies performed on these phases such as neutron powder diffraction, Synchrotron X-ray diffraction under high pressure and low temperature, electrical transport properties under high pressure. Even if no superconductivity was observed, interesting properties had been discovered such as an unusual “anti-Jahn-Teller” in Sr2CrO4 at low temperature or an orbital ordering in Sr3Cr2O7.To explore new Cr-based systems where superconductivity could potentially be induced by changing Cr-Cr interactions in the Sr2CrO4 and Sr3Cr2O7RP phases, new chromates have been synthesized under HP-HT by substituting Sr2+ with other alkaline earth elements in order to “play” with the cation size effect. For the n=1 RP Ca2CrO4 phase, substitution with Ca2+ as a replacing element lead to a weakening of both the insulating behavior and AFM ordering. Synthesis to form the n=2 RP Ca-based lead to the formation of the unexpected and new n=3 phase Ca4Cr2O10.Ba2+ as a replacing element broke the RP structure configuration and led to a new phase, whose crystal structure was solved using electron diffraction tomography.In 2014, superconductivity has been discovered in CrAs (Tc=2.2K at P=0.8GPa), the first superconducting Cr-based system. In this context, we have look for other AFM Cr-based system with relatively high Néel temperature and moderate Cr magnetic moment. In consequence, we investigated another system, the narrow-gap semiconductor CrSb2. We find a metal-insulating transition from transport measurement at 10 GPa for both polycrystalline and single crystals samples we synthesized. At this pressure, we also observed a phase transition on synchrotron XRD under pressure. Finally, pressure dependence of the AFM ordering had been established by NPD under high pressure
Fedotova, Alena. "Amines aromatiques stériquement encombrées dans la réaction d'aza-Michael : effets de solvant et haute pression." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR056/document.
Full textAlong this PhD work, we have reported that the unique combination of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), employed as solvent, and hyperbaric conditions (10-15 kbar) allows unprecedented 1,4-addition of poor nucleophiles such as aromatic amines onto sluggish (cumbersome) Michael acceptors without any promoter nor work-up. Moreover, The hetero-Michael addition of functionally substituted anilines to α,β-unsaturated esters is significantly defined by the difference of acidity between the solvent and the amine. Reaction with more basic anilines proceeds smoothly in methanol. In contrast, very polar protic solvent such as fluorinated alcohols (HFIP and TFE) favor the aza-Michael addition of more weak nucleophiles. Finally, green and catalyst-free method of new amino acid derivatives construction containing adamantane and aziridine fragments was developed. And it is proved that aza-Michael reaction initiates the formation of heterocycle
Kurakevych, Oleksandr O. "Synthèse de nouvelles phases binaires ultra-dures dans le système B C N O sous très haute pression." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA132034.
Full textThéodoret. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés physicochimiques et catalytiques d'orthophosphates mixtes de calcium-cobalt et strontium-cobalt obtenus à pression ordinaire ou sous haute pression." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT046G.
Full textVillot, Audrey. "Filtration par électro-précipitation des gaz issus de la gazéification de la biomasse à haute température (300-1000°C)." Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS023.
Full textThe increasing global energy demand, the depletion of fossil resources and the increasing awareness about the environmental risks linked to the omissions of greenhouse gases lead to take a growing interest in “biomass energy”. In this context, the biomass is potentially one of the most profuse renewable energies and the only to be able to provide for the transportation fuel needs. Among the projected technologies for the biofuel production, in particular this so-called second generation biofuels, the thermochemical conversion of biomass has been identified as one of the most promising. It constitutes of a biomass gasification process followed by a Fisher-Tropsch synthesis which has the advantage to produce biofuels directly usable. To be used in synthesis process, the gases from biomass gasification must be free of particles and impurities. For energy reasons, it is also necessary to implement a filtration process at a temperature as high as possible. To address this issue, a study on the filtration of gases from the gasification of biomass with an electrostatic precipitator at high temperature (500 -1000°C) and pressure (0,1 - 1 MPa) was conducted. A parametric study has shown the possibility to use an electrostatic precipitator under these conditions of temperature and pressure, notably thanks to antagonistic influence of these two parameters. Then, filtration tests carried out directly downstream of a gasifier demonstrated the feasibility of implementing an electrostatic precipitator to purify the synthesis gases at temperatures of up to 700/800°C. Over this temperature, existing technologies do not allowed to develop an electrostatic precipitator which will answer at the operational requirements of industrial sites of second generation biofuel production
Kousara, Mohammad. "Synthèse totale asymétrique et évaluation biologique de subérosanes, des sesquiterpènes antitumoraux puissants d’origine marine ciblant les tumeurs solides." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS126/document.
Full textThe impressive cytotoxicity of marine tricyclic sesquiterpene suberosanes, discovered since 1996 in soft coral Subergorgia suberosa, compared to the terrestrial analogue quadrone has renewed interest in this family. In 2000, the isolation from another gorgonian Isis hippuris, of (-)-suberosanone and (-)-suberosenol A, which are even more active against human solid tumors, reinforced this interest. Their biological activities and their unknown mechanism of action, coupled with a limited bioavailability motivated the team to study this family and therefore to undertake their total synthesis in view of their therapeutic use. We describe in this manuscript the first concise asymmetric syntheses of three potent suberosanes whose 1S absolute configuration was determined unambiguously by X-ray diffraction analysis: suberosenone, suberosanone and suberosenol A, allowing the absolute configuration assignments of the natural products. The developped strategy allowed: -the simultaneous control of the adjacent quaternary carbon atom and teriary one, - chemoselective alpha-alkylation of an alkyl iodide promoted by silver trifluoroacetate, - quasi quantitative synthesis of exoyclic enones. We also investigate their biological properties. Before developing these results, the diversity of marine non-halogenated tricyclic sesquiterpenes and the total syntheses of quadranoides published to date were analyzed
Verdon, Eric. "La synthèse solvothermale de fines particules de dioxyde de cérium." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163367.
Full textAntoine, Serge. "Etude de la synthèse hydrothermale de la variété cubique du nitrure de bore à très hautes pression et température." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10115.
Full textIzquierdo, Eduardo. "Étude théorique et expérimentale de décharges électriques à haute pression et faible courant en milieu non-réactif et réactif appliqué à la synthèse d'hydrocarbures." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00685101.
Full textFerroud, Clotilde. "Étude de la réaction de Diels-Adler intra et intermoléculaire sous haute pression : application à la synthèse stéréosélective d'alcaloïdes de l'indole du groupe des yohimbanes." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066023.
Full textMontigaud, Hervé. "Synthèses sous hautes pressions et caractérisations physicochimiques du nitrure de bore cubique et du nitrure de carbone C3N4." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164570.
Full textMaddaluno, Jacques. "Synthèse énantiosélective de composés d'intérêt biologique : approche de polyols vicinaux par aldolisation stéréocontrôlée, approche de bêta-amino esters par addition de Michael stéréocontrôlée sous haute pression." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066240.
Full textLaniel, Dominique. "Synthèse de polymères d'azote par pression comme matériaux énergétiques du futur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS472.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to synthesize novel polynitrogen compounds by pressure as the next-generation high energy density materials (HEDM). To achieve this, the physico-chemical properties of pure nitrogen as well as the xenon-nitrogen, hydrogen-nitrogen and lithium-nitrogen mixtures were studied under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. In the case of the compression of pure nitrogen, a novel polymeric nitrogen solid composed of interconnected chains of N6 rings was produced at 250 GPa and 3300 K. The low pressure Xe-N2 investigation revealed the formation of a stoichiometric Xe(N2)2 van der Waals compound. Above 150 GPa and 2500 K a xenon-polynitrogen material was observed. The N2-H2 study, focusing on the characterization and high-density behavior of the N2(H2)2 van der Waals compound, uncovered its pressure-induced chemical reaction near 50 GPa into azanes (NxHx+2), with ammonia (NH3) as the main constituent. Intriguingly, decompression of the reacted sample resulted, below 10 GPa, in the transformation of ammonia into its thermodynamically less stable counterpart hydrazine (N2H4). Lastly, the Li-N2 system proved to be of great interest due to the large array of anionic nitrogen moieties discovered (N3-, [N2]~2 [N2]~1 and N5-). In particular, lithium pentazolate (LiN5), containing the elusive energetically-rich pentazolate anion, was synthesized above 45 GPa and 2500 K. Moreover, it could be retained down to ambient conditions. It is the first polynitrogen HEDM produced by high pressure and retrieved down to ambient conditions. These results demonstrate the potential of high pressure for the synthesis of industrially relevant HEDM
Martins, Loureiro Sergio. "Sur la synthèse et la structure des supraconducteurs au mercure." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10125.
Full textPandolfi, Silvia. "High-pressure pathways towards new functional Si-based materials with tailored optoelectronic properties and their characterization." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS459.pdf.
Full textIn this work, high-pressure high-temperature treatment is used to develop and optimize synthetic pathways to new and exotic forms of silicon. The synthesis of new phases of silicon is a key point in the future development of Si-based technology, especially for solar energy. Development of new Si-based materials with high-efficiency could both optimise the performances and reduce the costs. At an industrial level, high-pressure has been mainly used for the synthesis of diamonds and super-hard materials, but recent studies have proven it also efficient in the synthesis of new silicon-based materials with enhanced properties for applications. We tackle this challenge in all its aspects, starting from the study of transition mechanisms at high-pressure and arriving to the synthesis and characterization of a new silicon material. We use in-situ x-ray diffraction at high-pressure high-temperature conditions to monitor and characterize silicon phase transitions and their dynamics. Our results give new insights that clarify some aspects of the silicon phase diagram that were still a matter of debate. We obtain the first synthesis of pure hexagonal silicon, a longstanding challenge in the field. Thanks to our pure-phase sample, we characterize its physical and structural properties. We prove that hexagonal silicon obtained from high-pressure is in the form of 4H polytype (ABCB stacking sequence). Further structural characterizations reveal a hierarchical nanostructure in the pristine morphology of the sample. Discovery and characterization of discrete quasi-2D nanoparticles accessible for manipulation opens new perspectives for the design of new optoelectronic devices
Zuo, Peng. "Synthèses, études structurales et physiques de doubles pérovskites ordonnées NaLnCoWO6 : recherche de nouveaux composés multiferroïques basés sur la ferroélectricité hybride impropre." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI113/document.
Full textIn this study, new magneto-electric materials were synthesized on the basis of the very recently recognized ferroelectric inducing mechanism, hybrid improper ferroelectricity, and structural and physical properties characterizations were carried out on these new phases.Two classes of materials were focused on: the Ruddlesden-Popper oxides NaRMO4 (R=Y, La; M= Mn, Cr) and the doubly ordered perovskites NaLnCoWO6 (Ln= Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Yb). Attempts to synthesize the former class failed to give the target phases. All compounds in the latter class were prepared successfully by solid-state reactions at high temperature, among which the compounds NaLnCoWO6 (Ln=La, Pr, Nd) were prepared at ambient pressure while the other nine compounds were synthesized at high pressure.The structural study of the doubly ordered perovskite family NaLnCoWO6 was performed by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (SXRPD) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD). Based on the Rietveld refinement of the SXRPD patterns, the space groups were assigned. NaLnCoWO6 (Ln=La, Pr, Nd) compounds crystallize in the centrosymmetric C2/m symmetry, whereas the other nine new compounds crystallize in the polar space group P21. Second harmonic generation measurements on powder confirmed the non-centrosymmetric structure of the new compounds. Symmetry mode analysis demonstrates that the amplitude of the induced polar mode increases with a decreasing Ln cation size. The amplitude of the polarization was estimated from the refined structures, and can be as large as ~20µC/cm2.A structural phase transition was observed by NPD in NaLaCoWO6 with a large temperature hysteresis of ~150K. In addition, stripes were observed on the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images in the high temperature phase. The periodicity of this superstructure is 12ap along either the [100]p or [010]p direction. Further investigations by scanning TEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy revealed that the contrast of the stripes is due to a structural modulation rather than a compositional variation. Octahedral tilt twinning models were built with different tilting schemes to fit the observed SXRPD and NPD patterns. The tilting scheme a-a-c0 describes successfully the data. The low temperature phase was unambiguously determined to possess the polar space group P21.Magnetic and electric properties were experimentally characterized. All NaLnCoWO6 compounds order antiferromagnetically below TN which is between 4 and 13K. Curie-Weill fits were performed for all compounds, yielding reasonable effective magnetic moments compared to the theoretical ones. Weiss temperatures were all determined to be negative further indicating that antiferromagnetic interactions are dominant in these systems. Magnetic structures were determined for four NaLnCoWO6 (Ln= Y, La, Tb, and Ho) compounds, of which two have non-magnetic Ln cations (Y and La) and two have magnetic ones (Tb and Ho). Magneto-dielectric coupling was experimentally observed in compounds NaLnCoWO6 (Ln=Y, Tb, Ho) by dielectric measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field. Polarization was derived for the Y and Ho compounds from pyroelectric current measurement, however, only the NaYCoWO6 compound demonstrates a polar behavior which cannot be switched. This is the first evidence that electric polarization can be induced by the magnetic ordering in the AA’BB’O6 class materials
Sokolov, Petr. "Synthèse de ZnO cubique et ses solutions solides sous hautes pressions et hautes températures." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA132013.
Full textThe ZnO-based materials are attractive for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices operating in the blue and ultraviolet spectral regions. The high-pressure rock salt polymorph of ZnO (rs-ZnO) is of particular interest because of the wider opportunities for bandgap engineering as compared to the low-pressure wurtzite phase. However, rs-ZnO could not be quenched down to ambient pressure to the beginning of this work. The main objective of the work was to synthesize various rs-ZnO-based phases at high pressure (up to 7. 7 GPa) and high temperature (up to 2000 K) and then recover them at ambient conditions. Three different routes to the rs-ZnO stabilization at ambient conditions have been developed i. E. By preparing nanostructured rs-ZnO phase; by the use of isostructural NaCl matrix; and by alloying ZnO with the rs-MeIIO (MeII – Ni2+, Fe2+, Co2+,Mn2+) and LiMeIIIO2 (MeIII – Sc3+, Ti3+, Fe3+, In3+) oxides. Thus, a number of materials with advanced electronic and optical properties has been synthesized; and their structural, thermodynamic, luminescent, magnetic and transport properties have been studied. The data obtained shed light on the factors responsible for formation of rs-ZnO under pressure and its recovery down to ambient conditions, which will help to develop the principles of producing new advanced ZnO-based materials. Finally, it has been shown that the synthesized rs-ZnO materials are the materials of choice for the advanced optoelectronic applications. The use of high pressure and high temperature is the key factor for the formation of such materials with high (up to 0. 8 mol. Fr) ZnO content
BOIRE, PHILIPPE. "Traitement thermique et synthese sous haute pression de ceramiques de yba#2cu#3o#7##x." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112111.
Full textEvlyukhin, Egor. "Synthèse avancée de matériaux hybrides pHEMA-TiO₂ par méthode sol-gel et polymérisation induite par hautes pressions, analyse de leurs propriétés optiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD060.
Full textThe specific functional properties of the organic-inorganic hybrid materials depend on their microstructure and the nature of the interface between their organic and inorganic components. The production of hybrid materials with an optimum combination of mechanical and functional properties is a major problem in hybrid materials science. In this thesis we adress this issue by studing and proposing a new approach for synthesizing of photosensitive pHEMA-TiO₂ hybrid materials in wich inorganic nanoparticles are dispersed in a polymer. The method that we propose is based on the high pressure (HP) induced polymerization of the organic phase in the absence of a chemical initiator. We first observed the spontaneous polymerization of HEMA under static pressure. The polimerization process takes place in pressure range below the glass transition point (0.1-1.6 GPa) and after 41 days monomer conversion yield (CY) does not exceed 28%. The reaction may be significantly accelerated when the pressurized sample is irradiated in the UV range. We then developed an original approach based on compression-decompression cycle. During the compression step (>6.5 GPa) the biradicals formed from the excited monomers HEMA (T1) lead to the formation of small oligomers. The polimerization occurs in the second step when the sample decompressed at pressures between 0.1 and 2 GPa. The CY of 90% in less than 5 min is achieved. The new HP approach allows multiply by a factor of 3 the contration of nanoparticles in hybrids without damaging of their polimerization state. These hybrids exhibit a quantum efficiency of photoinduced charge separation of 15% and an electron storage capacity of 50%
Pichon, Nicolas. "Systèmes diéniques oxygénés en cycloaddition [4+2] : synthèse de nouveaux analogues d'inhibiteurs de la farnésyltransférase. Synthèse et réactivité de diènes 1,2,3,4-trioxygénés." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES061.
Full textDenis, Annaïg. "Elaboration, cristallogénèse et caractérisations physico-chimiques des nitrures des éléments de la colonne IIIA et en particulier de GaN." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003791.
Full textBourguille, Judith. "Synthèse hautes pressions et propriétés mécaniques de nouveaux nitrures, M₇N₉ (M=Zr,Hf) en comparaison avec c-Zr₃N₄ et ƞ-Ta₂N₃." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD067/document.
Full text₀ ₁ ₂ ₃ ₄ ₅ ₆ ₇ ₈ ₉ ₀ Binary nitrides of transition metals synthetized at high pressures and high temperatures are new materials which are of interest due to their multifunctionality : They can have combinations of advanced properties, among them elevated elastic moduli, high hardness, high fracture toughness, chemical stability and some of them were found to be suitable for optoelectronic applications. Since the first synthesis of c-Zr₃N₄ in 2003 the studies on such materials extended. For example, c-Zr₃N₄ was found to have a high hardness and an exceptional wear resistance by milling of ferric alloys. ƞ-Ta₂N₃ having orthorhombic structure has a higher B₀ than c-Zr₃N₄ and a similar shear modulus G₀. Moreover, a self-healing effect upon mechanical polishing of a porous ƞ-Ta₂N₃ sample was recognised. There are also reports about synthesis of noble metal nitrides at high pressures and temperatures but these compounds are not recoverable to ambient conditions. In this work we synthetized new nitrides of zirconium and hafnium at pressures below those where c-M₃N₄ (M=Zr, Hf) form but above the pressures of formation of mononitrides δ-MN. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that their crystal structure is monoclinic of the type Ca₃Tl₄O₉. The chemical composition M₇N₉ (with a minor substitution of nitrogen by oxygen), verified by quantitative microprobe analysis, suggests presence of metal cations in the oxidation states +3 and + 4. This observation suggests for other transition metals the possibility to form at high pressures thermodynamically stable nitrides with the N:M ratio varying in a broad range. Elastic moduli of the porous samples of Zr₇N₉ and Hf₇N₉ were measured using laser ultrasonics (LU) and nanoindentation. Values for the dense samples were derived by applying the earlier developed Hashin-Shtrickman approach. We obtained G₀ = 95(9) GPa and B₀ = 130(10) GPa for Zr₇N₉ and G₀ = 105(10) GPa and B₀ = 161(10) GPa for Hf₇N₉. The nanohardness was measured to be Hn = 8.0(8) GPa and Hn = 9.1(7) GPa for Zr₇N₉ and Hf₇N₉, respectively. Vickers hardness of Zr₇N₉ was determined to be Hv = 6.5 GPa which is in agreement with our nanoindentation measurements. We derived its fracture toughness to be KIc-if = 3.7(4) MPa.m½, similar to that of c-Zr₃N₄, and recognised a weak self-healing behaviour. For Hf₇N₉, we obtained an average value of Hv = 6.4(1.0) GPa and KIc-if = 2.3-2.9 MPa.m½. Hardness of dense samples of Zr₇N₉ and Hf₇N₉ was estimated to be ~10 GPa. In order to verify the nanoindentation method we applied in this work, we performed tests on the c-Zr₃N₄ sample studied previously by LU and nanoindentation but at much shallower depths. We measured the reduced Young's modulus, Er, for the porous sample, and, applying the known B₀ (form laser ultrasonic- or equation of state measurements), we determined other elastic moduli for the porous and dense polycrystalline sample, which were in agreement with the earlier LU studies. Reasons for a less good agreement with the earlier nanoindentation data were disclosed. In order to further verify the applied nanoindentation method and extend our knowledge about properties of ƞ-Ta₂N₃ and compare this material with M₇N₉, we examined a porous sample of ƞ-Ta₂N₃ in more detail : Er and Hn obtained for the mechanically polished sample and for the non modified sample showed a distinct behaviour in the first 400 nm of indentation thus confirming the "self-healing" effect at the thickness similar to the size of the polishing grains. From Er measured at larger depths we derived E₀= 329-369 GPa and v₀= 0.28-0.33 using the porosity value (14%), the earlier measured B₀ and applying the Hashin-Shtrickman approach. The nanohardness was measured to be Hn = 18.3 GPa. Measurements of Vickers hardness confirmed our nanoindentation results and revealed the indentation size. For the dense ƞ-Ta₂N₃ we estimate Hv > 24 GPa
Montigaud, Hervé. "Synthèse sous hautes pressions et caractérisations physico-chimiques du nitrure de bore cubique et du nitrure de carbone C₃N₄." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10555.
Full textAntoine, Serge. "Etude de la synthèse hydrothermale de la variété cubique du nitrure de bore à très hautes pression et température." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611322z.
Full textFerroud, Clotilde. "Etude de la réaction de Diels-Alder intra et intermoléculaire sous haute pression application à la synthèse stéréosélective d'alcaloïdes de l'indole du groupe des yohimbanes." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597615f.
Full textNHIEN, SIENGFOUK. "Optimisations de la synthese, de la pretexturation et de la ductilite sous pression de confinement de la ceramique supraconductrice a haute temperature critique pour sa mise en fil." Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN2078.
Full textAwamat, Samer. "Adaptation d'un réacteur plasma basse pression de dépôt pour la synthèse d'oxydes soumis à de hautes températures : application aux piles à combustibles type SOFC et aux barrières thermiques." Paris 6, 2008. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005254.
Full textThe objective of this study is the development of processes for the creation of oxide films to be used in devices which are designed to function at high temperature. Such synthetic oxides are well-suited toward applications in solid oxide fuel cells and thermal barriers. Non-equilibrium plasma generated in a reactor with a supersonic convergent nozzle was used for the deposition of the oxide films. A nitrated chemical precursor was introduced to the plasma reactor in aerosol form via an adapted injector system. This new aerosol injection system coupled with the plasma enabled the development of oxide layer types which are reputed to be technically difficult to obtain. Study of the fluid dynamics of the gas-particle system was done in two ways. First, a numerical simulation developed using the software FLUENT indicated that the velocity of the plasma exiting a convergent nozzle in the system may be as much as 700m/s. Second, laser-Doppler anemometry experiments showed the importance of the role of the convergent nozzle for gas/particle acceleration. Emission spectroscopic measurements showed the important effect of the convergent nozzle on the concentration of reactive species in the plasma and its contribution to the dissociation of water observed by the presence of OH radical and H bands. Software was developed permitting the study of the evolution of the molar fraction of reactive species along the reactor as a function of the plasma power and the diameter of the convergent nozzle. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the synthetic oxide deposits. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to quantify the influence of different parameters on the conversion yield. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy was used to measure the purity of the deposits and their corresponding crystal structures
Kriem, Badreddine. "Rôle des récepteurs à la sérotonine sur l'augmentation de la libération de dopamine et de l'activité locomotrice et motrice chez le rat soumis aux hautes pressions : approches voltamétriques et comportementales." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30060.
Full textDelacroix, Simon. "Synthèse de nanomatériaux riches en bore." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS483.pdf.
Full textDuring this PhD we have developed a new synthetic pathway towards nanoparticles containing light elements especially boron. The nanostructuration of such materials could lead to increase their properties like hardness. Unfortunately, the synthesis of such nanomaterials is very complicated. Indeed, a complex network of covalent bond existing in these materials should be organized during the synthesis and the crystallization at high temperature which lead to the growth of the particles. To answer this synthetic challenge, we have coupled two classically separated worlds: high temperature colloidal chemistry synthesis. and high pressure physics. Nanoparticles are synthesized in inorganic molten salts (alkali halides) to obtain various materials such lithium boride, alkaline borocarbides, amorphous boron and boron carbides of different ratio. The study of structural transitions of this compounds is realized at high temperature under high pressure in a Paris Edinburgh or a multi anvil press. Thanks to the nanostructuration of the precursors, surface energy plays an important role during the crystallization and could lead to the formation of new metastable phases. The pressure limit the growth of the initial particles and allow us to visit a large space in the phase diagrams of this different compounds studied in this PhD
Toulemonde, Pierre. "Nouveaux oxydes supraconducteurs : la famille des cuprates à double couche de mercure." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10190.
Full textDeleens, Raynald. "Contribution au développement de nouvelles carbofonctionnalisations d'alcènes, préparation de polycycles aminofonctionnalisés en jonction de cycles et synthèse d'un disélénure chiral de symétrie C2." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES062.
Full textThis work deals with the optimisation of new strategies for the synthesis of functionalised polycycles. In the first part, the study of a new methodology of alkenes carbofunctionalisation, based on the interaction between an episelenonium ion and a non activated silane, was examined. A strategy for the synthesis of bicyclic skeleton with a nitrogen atom at the junction is then described. It is based on the utilisation of nitroacetylene synthetic equivalents in a sequential double cycloaddition reaction. Hyperbaric conditions give access to expected adducts in good yields, and good regio and stereoselectivity. The optimisation of a new method to introduce a double bond in the cycloadduct, using carbenoid, yields cyclic nitroalkenes that could be involved in a second Diels-Alder reaction. An asymmetric version of the reactions described in these two parts is possible. Thus, the conception and the synthesis of a new chiral inductor, parenting a C2 symmetry, from proline, are described
Bourgeois, Julie. "Les ferrites du type RFe2O4 à valence mixte." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2009.
Full textLuFe2O4 belongs to the rare-earth ferrite family RFe2O4 (R=Dy to Lu, Y), whose structure can be described as a stacking along c of [LuO2]∞ and [Fe2O4]∞ compact layers. This compound is attracting a lot of attention nowadays because of its multiferroic properties, linked to an antiferromagnetic spin ordering below Tn=250K and a ferroelectric state, based on a polar charge ordering of Fe2+ and Fe3+ species on a triangular lattice. In this work, two samples have been thoroughly investigated, combining synchrotron X-ray, neutron and electron diffraction techniques with magnetization, transport and dielectric constant measurements, as well as Mossbauer spectroscopy. Two main points have been evidenced: a slight monoclinic distortion of the room temperature crystal structure (SG C2/m), and a new structural modulation, dependent of the oxygen stoichiometry. The magnetic ground state of LuFe2O4 at low temperature is particularly complex, with several ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic magnetic phases co-existing. High pressure X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments have shown that LuFe2O4 undergoes an irreversible phase transition above 8GPa at room temperature, which could be linked with a new type of charge ordering. Below TN, increasing pressure up to the experimental limit of 3GPa leads to a decrease of the intensity of the magnetic scattering signal
Awamat, Samer. "Adaptation d'un réacteur plasma basse pression de dépôt pour la synthèse d'oxydes soumis à de hautes températures. Application aux piles à combustible type SOFC et aux barrières thermiques." Phd thesis, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005254.
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