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Journal articles on the topic 'Synthèse HLS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 March 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Jovanović, S., and S. Weber. "Modélisation et accélération de réseaux de neurones profonds (CNN) en Python/VHDL/C++ et leur vérification et test à l’aide de l’environnement Pynq sur les FPGA Xilinx." J3eA 21 (2022): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/j3ea/20220028.

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Nous présentons un ensemble de travaux pratiques qui seront dispensés au sein du Master EEA - Électronique Embarquée à l’université de Lorraine dans le cadre des modules Modélisation SystemC et Conception VLSI. Ces TP sont destinés à initier les étudiants à la compréhension, modélisation et conception des réseaux de neurones convolutifs dans des langages de description de matériel au niveau RTL (VHDL, le module Conception VLSI) et dans un langage de haut niveau (C++/SystemC, le module Modélisation SystemC). Ils sont organisés autour d’un ensemble d’outils de modélisation et de synthèse de Ment

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2

Subramaniam, Prem S., Gang Xie, Tianhui Xia, and Roy A. Jensen. "Substrate Ambiguity of 3-Deoxy-d-manno-Octulosonate 8-Phosphate Synthase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Context of Its Membership in a Protein Family Containing a Subset of 3-Deoxy-d-arabino-Heptulosonate 7-Phosphate Synthases." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 1 (1998): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.1.119-127.1998.

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ABSTRACT 3-Deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate (KDOP) synthase and 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase catalyze similar phosphoenolpyruvate-utilizing reactions. The genome of Neisseria gonorrhoeae contains one gene encoding KDOP synthase and one gene encoding DAHP synthase. Of the two nonhomologous DAHP synthase families known, the N. gonorrhoeae protein belongs to the family I assemblage. KDOP synthase exhibited an ability to replace arabinose-5-P with either erythrose-4-P or ribose-5-P as alternative substrates. The results of periodate oxidation studies suggested

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Kameya, Masafumi, Takeshi Ikeda, Miyuki Nakamura, Hiroyuki Arai, Masaharu Ishii, and Yasuo Igarashi. "A Novel Ferredoxin-Dependent Glutamate Synthase from the Hydrogen-Oxidizing Chemoautotrophic Bacterium Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 7 (2007): 2805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01360-06.

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ABSTRACT Glutamate synthases are classified according to their specificities for electron donors. Ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthases had been found only in plants and cyanobacteria, whereas many bacteria have NADPH-dependent glutamate synthases. In this study, Hydrogenobacter thermophilus, a hydrogen-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacterium, was shown to possess a ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase like those of phototrophs. This is the first observation, to our knowledge, of a ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase in a nonphotosynthetic organism. The purified enzyme from H. thermophi

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Nesterov, Semen, Yury Chesnokov, Roman Kamyshinsky, et al. "Ordered Clusters of the Complete Oxidative Phosphorylation System in Cardiac Mitochondria." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (2021): 1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031462.

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The existence of a complete oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) supercomplex including both electron transport system and ATP synthases has long been assumed based on functional evidence. However, no structural confirmation of the docking between ATP synthase and proton pumps has been obtained. In this study, cryo-electron tomography was used to reveal the supramolecular architecture of the rat heart mitochondria cristae during ATP synthesis. Respirasome and ATP synthase structure in situ were determined using subtomogram averaging. The obtained reconstructions of the inner mitochondrial

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Ma, Li-Ting, Pi-Ling Liu, Yang-Tui Cheng, Tz-Fan Shiu, and Fang-Hua Chu. "Unveiling Monoterpene Biosynthesis in Taiwania cryptomerioides via Functional Characterization." Plants 10, no. 11 (2021): 2404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112404.

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Taiwania cryptomerioides is a monotypic species, and its terpenoid-rich property has been reported in recent years. To uncover monoterpene biosynthesis in T. cryptomerioides, this study used transcriptome mining to identify candidates with tentative monoterpene synthase activity. Along with the phylogenetic analysis and in vitro assay, two geraniol synthases (TcTPS13 and TcTPS14), a linalool synthase (TcTPS15), and a β-pinene synthase (TcTPS16), were functionally characterized. Via the comparison of catalytic residues, the Cys/Ser at region 1 might be crucial in determining the formation of α-

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6

Agger, Sean A., Fernando Lopez-Gallego, Thomas R. Hoye, and Claudia Schmidt-Dannert. "Identification of Sesquiterpene Synthases from Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 and Nostoc sp. Strain PCC 7120." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 18 (2008): 6084–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00759-08.

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ABSTRACT Cyanobacteria are a rich source of natural products and are known to produce terpenoids. These bacteria are the major source of the musty-smelling terpenes geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, which are found in many natural water supplies; however, no terpene synthases have been characterized from these organisms to date. Here, we describe the characterization of three sesquiterpene synthases identified in Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 (terpene synthase NS1) and Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 (terpene synthases NP1 and NP2). The second terpene synthase in N. punctiforme (NP2) is homologous to

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Xu, Meimei, P. Ross Wilderman, and Reuben J. Peters. "Following evolution's lead to a single residue switch for diterpene synthase product outcome." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 18 (2007): 7397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611454104.

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There have been few insights into the biochemical origins of natural product biosynthesis from primary metabolism. Of particular interest are terpene synthases, which often mediate the committed step in particular biosynthetic pathways so that alteration of their product outcome is a key step in the derivation of novel natural products. These enzymes also catalyze complex reactions of significant mechanistic interest. Following an evolutionary lead from two recently diverged, functionally distinct diterpene synthase orthologs from different subspecies of rice, we have identified a single resid

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8

Eichman, Jennifer. "Intertextual Alliances: Huang Hui’s Synthesis of Confucian and Buddhist Paths to Liberation." T’oung pao 100, no. 1-3 (2014): 120–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10013p04.

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This article argues for a reconsideration of how we categorize individual attempts at sanjiao heyi-style syntheses and characterize the broader late sixteenth-century milieu that nourished such attempts. In Zeng Zheng Kunyan bieyan 贈鄭昆嚴別言 (Parting Words for Zheng Kunyan), Huang Hui 黃輝 (1555–1612) synthesized a highly selective number of Chan Buddhist and Yangming Confucian ideas to create a path to self-cultivation rooted in the interstitial dialogue between the branch of third-generation Yangming Confucians headed by Zhou Rudeng 周汝登 (1547–1629) and the Buddhist teachings expounded by the monk

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9

Antonsson, Bruno E., and Lisa S. Klig. "Candida albicans phosphatidylinositol synthase has common features with both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian phosphatidylinositol synthases." Yeast 12, no. 5 (1996): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(199604)12:5<449::aid-yea927>3.0.co;2-p.

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10

Tang, Eva H. C., and Paul M. Vanhoutte. "Gene expression changes of prostanoid synthases in endothelial cells and prostanoid receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells caused by aging and hypertension." Physiological Genomics 32, no. 3 (2008): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00136.2007.

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The present study was designed to assess whether or not changes in genomic expression of cyclooxygenases (COX-1, COX-2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and prostanoid synthases in the endothelium and of prostanoid receptors in vascular smooth muscle contribute to the occurrence of endothelium-dependent contractions during aging and hypertension. Gene expression was quantified by real-time PCR using isolated endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMC) from the aorta of Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Genes for all known prostanoid synthases and receptors were pr

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11

Shu, Shokoku, Mao Kobayashi, Kana Marunaka, et al. "Magnesium Supplementation Attenuates Ultraviolet-B-Induced Damage Mediated through Elevation of Polyamine Production in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes." Cells 11, no. 15 (2022): 2268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11152268.

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Magnesium ions (Mg2+) have favorable effects such as the improvement of barrier function and the reduction of inflammation reaction in inflammatory skin diseases. However, its mechanisms have not been fully understood. Microarray analysis has shown that the gene expressions of polyamine synthases are upregulated by MgCl2 supplementation in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Here, we investigated the mechanism and function of polyamine production. The mRNA and protein levels of polyamine synthases were dose-dependently increased by MgCl2 supplementation, which were inhibited by U0126, a MEK inhibitor;

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Fan, Zeyu, Xinhao Li, Ruoyu Jiang, et al. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation Reveal the Structure–Activity Relationships of Kainoid Synthases." Marine Drugs 22, no. 7 (2024): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md22070326.

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Kainoid synthases are key enzymes in the biosynthesis of kainoids. Kainoids, as represented by DA and KA, are a class of naturally occurring non-protein amino acids with strong neurotransmitter activity in the mammalian central nervous system. Marine algae kainoid synthases include PnDabC from diatoms, which synthesizes domoic acid (DA), and DsKabC and GfKabC from red algae, which synthesize kainic acid (KA). Elucidation of the catalytic mechanism of kainoid synthases is of great significance for the rational design of better biocatalysts to promote the industrial production of kainoids for us

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13

Fischer, M., W. Römisch, B. Illarionov, W. Eisenreich, and A. Bacher. "Structures and reaction mechanisms of riboflavin synthases of eubacterial and archaeal origin." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 4 (2005): 780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0330780.

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The biosynthesis of one riboflavin molecule requires one molecule of GTP and two molecules of ribulose 5-phosphate as substrates. GTP is hydrolytically opened, converted into 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione by a sequence of deamination, side chain reduction and dephosphorylation. Condensation with 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate obtained from ribulose 5-phosphate leads to 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine. The dismutation of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine catalysed by riboflavin synthase produces riboflavin and 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. A pentacycli

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14

Ebizuka, Yutaka, Yuji Katsube, T. Tsutsumi, Tetsuo Kushiro, and M. Shibuya. "Functional genomics approach to the study of triterpene biosynthesis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 2-3 (2003): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375020369.

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The Arabidopsis thaliana genome-sequencing project has identified the presence of 13 oxidosqualene cyclase homologs in this plant. In addition to the already identified clones, namely, CAS1 cycloartenol synthase, LUP1 lupeol synthase, and YUP8H12R.43 multifunctional triterpene synthase, two new cDNAs of the putative oxidosqualene cyclase genes, F1019.4 and T30F21.16, were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and functionally expressed in yeast. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis led to the identification of some of their reaction products. Interestingly, except for

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15

Webby, Celia J., Mark L. Patchett, and Emily J. Parker. "Characterization of a recombinant type II 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from Helicobacter pylori." Biochemical Journal 390, no. 1 (2005): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20050259.

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DAH7P (3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate) synthase catalyses the condensation reaction between phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and D-erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P) as the first committed step in the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds in plants and micro-organisms. Previous work has identified two families of DAH7P synthases based on sequence similarity and molecular mass, with the majority of the mechanistic and structural studies being carried out on the type I paralogues from Escherichia coli. Whereas a number of organisms possess genes encoding both type I and type II DAH7P synthases, the

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16

Ma, Li, and John L. Wallace. "Endothelial nitric oxide synthase modulates gastric ulcer healing in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 279, no. 2 (2000): G341—G346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.2.g341.

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Nitric oxide has been shown to be beneficial for gastric ulcer healing. We determined the relative effects of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases on gastric ulcer healing in rats. Ulcers were induced by serosal application of acetic acid. Ulcer severity, angiogenesis, and nitric oxide synthase expression were assessed 3–10 days later. The effects of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase were also examined. Inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA was only detected in ulcerated tissue (maximal at day 3), whereas the endothelial isoform mRNA was detected in normal tissue and increased dur

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Liu, Mengyu, Xiaofeng Liu, Junhua Hu, Yang Xue, and Xiaochun Zhao. "Genetic diversity of limonene synthase genes in Rongan kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia)." Functional Plant Biology 47, no. 5 (2020): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp19051.

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D-limonene is the main component of citrus essential oils. In the monoterpene biosynthetic pathway, geranyl diphosphate reacts with monoterpenes to form the prenyl-carbocation intermediate to produce d-limonene. In this study, d-limonene synthase (FcLS) genes were first isolated from Rongan kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia Swingle). Sequencing analysis revealed that the open reading frames of 18 FcLS genes contain 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms, which resulted in the variation of FcLS proteins, indicating that the limonene synthase genes are a large family in F. crassifolia. This phenomenon

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18

King, Ross D., and Chuan Lu. "An investigation into eukaryotic pseudouridine synthases." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 12, no. 04 (2014): 1450015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720014500152.

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A common post-transcriptional modification of RNA is the conversion of uridine to its isomer pseudouridine. We investigated the biological significance of eukaryotic pseudouridine synthases using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis on growth data from automated perturbation (gene deletion) experiments, and used bi-logistic curve analysis to characterise the yeast phenotypes. The deletant strains displayed different alteration in growth properties, including in some cases enhanced growth and/or biphasic growth curves not seen in wild-type strain

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Yamada, Yuuki, Tomohisa Kuzuyama, Mamoru Komatsu, et al. "Terpene synthases are widely distributed in bacteria." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 3 (2014): 857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422108112.

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Odoriferous terpene metabolites of bacterial origin have been known for many years. In genome-sequencedStreptomycetaceaemicroorganisms, the vast majority produces the degraded sesquiterpene alcohol geosmin. Two minor groups of bacteria do not produce geosmin, with one of these groups instead producing other sesquiterpene alcohols, whereas members of the remaining group do not produce any detectable terpenoid metabolites. Because bacterial terpene synthases typically show no significant overall sequence similarity to any other known fungal or plant terpene synthases and usually exhibit relative

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Moustafa, Amira, and Yoshiaki Habara. "Hydrogen sulfide: a novel gaseous signaling molecule and intracellular Ca2+ regulator in rat parotid acinar cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 309, no. 7 (2015): C480—C490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00147.2015.

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In addition to nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recognized as a crucial gaseous messenger that exerts many biological actions in various tissues. An attempt was made to assess the roles and underlying mechanisms of both gases in isolated rat parotid acinar cells. Ductal cells and some acinar cells were found to express NO and H2S synthases. Cevimeline, a muscarinic receptor agonist upregulated endothelial NO synthase in parotid tissue. NO and H2S donors increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). This was not affected by inhibitors of phospholipase C and inositol 1,4,

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Guo, Bingbing, Songle Fan, Mingyang Liu, Hong Yang, Longjun Dai, and Lifeng Wang. "ATP Synthase Members of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria in Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis) Response to Plant Hormones." Plants 14, no. 4 (2025): 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14040604.

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ATP synthase is a key enzyme in photophosphorylation in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation in respiration, which can catalyze the synthesis of ATP and supply energy to organisms. ATP synthase has been well studied in many animal species but has been poorly characterized in plants. This research identified forty ATP synthase family members in the rubber tree, and the phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, cis-elements, and expression pattern were analyzed. These results indicated that the ATP synthase of mitochondria was divided into three subgroups and the ATP synthase of chlorop

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Martín-Urdíroz, Magdalena, M. Isabel G. Roncero, José Antonio González-Reyes, and Carmen Ruiz-Roldán. "ChsVb, a Class VII Chitin Synthase Involved in Septation, Is Critical for Pathogenicity in Fusarium oxysporum." Eukaryotic Cell 7, no. 1 (2007): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00347-07.

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ABSTRACT A new myosin motor-like chitin synthase gene, chsVb, has been identified in the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the chsVb chitin synthase 2 domain (CS2) revealed that ChsVb belongs to class VII chitin synthases. The ChsVb myosin motor-like domain (MMD) is shorter than the MMD of class V chitin synthases and does not contain typical ATP-binding motifs. Targeted disrupted single (ΔchsVb) and double (ΔchsV ΔchsVb) mutants were unable to infect and colonize tomato plants or grow invasively on tomato fr

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Denny, William A. "Inhibitors of F1F0-ATP synthase enzymes for the treatment of tuberculosis and cancer." Future Medicinal Chemistry 13, no. 10 (2021): 911–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2021-0010.

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The spectacular success of the mycobacterial F1F0-ATP synthase inhibitor bedaquiline for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis has generated wide interest in the development of other inhibitors of this enzyme. Work in this realm has included close analogues of bedaquiline with better safety profiles and ‘bedaquiline-like’ compounds, some of which show potent antibacterial activity in vitro although none have yet progressed to clinical trials. The search has lately extended to a range of new scaffolds as potential inhibitors, including squaramides, diaminoquinazolines, chloroquinolines,

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Mühleip, Alexander W., Friederike Joos, Christoph Wigge, Achilleas S. Frangakis, Werner Kühlbrandt, and Karen M. Davies. "Helical arrays of U-shaped ATP synthase dimers form tubular cristae in ciliate mitochondria." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 30 (2016): 8442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1525430113.

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F1Fo-ATP synthases are universal energy-converting membrane protein complexes that synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. In mitochondria of yeast and mammals, the ATP synthase forms V-shaped dimers, which assemble into rows along the highly curved ridges of lamellar cristae. Using electron cryotomography and subtomogram averaging, we have determined the in situ structure and organization of the mitochondrial ATP synthase dimer of the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia. The ATP synthase forms U-shaped dimers with parallel monomers. Each complex has a prominent intracrista domain, which l

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Hao, Jijun, Willie F. Vann, Stephan Hinderlich, and Munirathinam Sundaramoorthy. "Elimination of 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid 9-phosphate synthase activity from human N-acetylneuraminic acid 9-phosphate synthase by a single mutation." Biochemical Journal 397, no. 1 (2006): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20052034.

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The most commonly occurring sialic acid Neu5Ac (N-acetylneuraminic acid) and its deaminated form, KDN (2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acid), participate in many biological functions. The human Neu5Ac-9-P (Neu5Ac 9-phosphate) synthase has the unique ability to catalyse the synthesis of not only Neu5Ac-9-P but also KDN-9-P (KDN 9-phosphate). Both reactions are catalysed by the mechanism of aldol condensation of PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) with sugar substrates, ManNAc-6-P (N-acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate) or Man-6-P (mannose 6-phosphate). Mouse and putative rat Neu5Ac-9-P synthases

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Durkin, Colleen A., Thomas Mock, and E. Virginia Armbrust. "Chitin in Diatoms and Its Association with the Cell Wall." Eukaryotic Cell 8, no. 7 (2009): 1038–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00079-09.

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ABSTRACT Chitin is a globally abundant polymer widely distributed throughout eukaryotes that has been well characterized in only a few lineages. Diatoms are members of the eukaryotic lineage of stramenopiles. Of the hundreds of diatom genera, two produce long fibers of chitin that extrude through their cell walls of silica. We identify and describe here genes encoding putative chitin synthases in a variety of additional diatom genera, indicating that the ability to produce chitin is more widespread and likely plays a more central role in diatom biology than previously considered. Diatom chitin

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Mülsch, A., A. Vanin, P. Mordvintcev, S. Hauschildt, and R. Busse. "NO accounts completely for the oxygenated nitrogen species generated by enzymic l-arginine oxygenation." Biochemical Journal 288, no. 2 (1992): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2880597.

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We have assessed the stoichiometry of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase reaction by using a novel e.p.r. technique. NO generated by crude and partially purified NO synthase from endothelial cells and Escherichia coli-lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages was trapped by a ferrous diethyldithiocarbamate complex dispersed in yeast. The paramagnetic ferrous mononitrosyl dithiocarbamate complex formed exhibited a characteristic e.p.r. signal at g perpendicular = 2.035 and g parallel = 2.02 with a triplet hyperfine structure (hfs) at g perpendicular. NO, 3-morpholinosydnonimine and S-nitroso-L-cyste

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Daiyasu, Hiromi, Kei-Ichi Kuma, Toshiro Yokoi, Hiroyuki Morii, Yosuke Koga, and Hiroyuki Toh. "A study of archaeal enzymes involved in polar lipid synthesis linking amino acid sequence information, genomic contexts and lipid composition." Archaea 1, no. 6 (2005): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/452563.

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Cellular membrane lipids, of which phospholipids are the major constituents, form one of the characteristic features that distinguish Archaea from other organisms. In this study, we focused on the steps in archaeal phospholipid synthetic pathways that generate polar lipids such as archaetidylserine, archaetidylglycerol, and archaetidylinositol. Only archaetidylserine synthase (ASS), fromMethanothermobacter thermautotrophicus, has been experimentally identified. Other enzymes have not been fully examined. Through database searching, we detected many archaeal hypothetical proteins that show sequ

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Loke, Paxton, and Tiow-Suan Sim. "Molecular cloning, heterologous expression, and functional characterisation of a malate synthase gene fromStreptomyces coelicolorA3(2)." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, no. 8 (2000): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w00-044.

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With the rapid generation of genetic information from the Streptomyces coelicolor genome project, deciphering the relevant gene products is critical for understanding the genetics of this model streptomycete. A putative malate synthase gene (aceB) from S. coelicolor A3(2) was identified by homology-based analysis, cloned by polymerase chain reaction, and fully sequenced on both strands. The putative malate synthase from S. coelicolor has an amino acid identity of 77% with the malate synthase of S. clavuligerus, and possesses an open reading frame which codes for a protein of 540 amino acids. I

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Holtzapple, Erik, and Claudia Schmidt-Dannert. "Biosynthesis of Isoprenoid Wax Ester in Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus DSM 8798: Identification and Characterization of Isoprenoid Coenzyme A Synthetase and Wax Ester Synthases." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 10 (2007): 3804–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01932-06.

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ABSTRACT Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus DSM 8798 has been reported to synthesize isoprenoid wax ester storage compounds when grown on phytol as the sole carbon source under limiting nitrogen and/or phosphorous conditions. We hypothesized that isoprenoid wax ester synthesis involves (i) activation of an isoprenoid fatty acid by a coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase and (ii) ester bond formation between an isoprenoid alcohol and isoprenoyl-CoA catalyzed, most likely, by an isoprenoid wax ester synthase similar to an acyl wax ester synthase, wax ester synthase/diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT)

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Grabińska, Kariona A., Sudip K. Ghosh, Ziqiang Guan, et al. "Dolichyl-Phosphate-Glucose Is Used To Make O-Glycans on Glycoproteins of Trichomonas vaginalis." Eukaryotic Cell 7, no. 8 (2008): 1344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00061-08.

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ABSTRACT Trichomonas vaginalis, the protist that causes vaginal itching, has a huge genome with numerous gene duplications. Recently we found that Trichomonas has numerous genes encoding putative dolichyl-phosphate-glucose (Dol-P-Glc) synthases (encoded by ALG5 genes) despite the fact that Trichomonas lacks the glycosyltransferases (encoded by ALG6, ALG8, and ALG10 genes) that use Dol-P-Glc to glucosylate dolichyl-PP-linked glycans. In addition, Trichomonas does not have a canonical DPM1 gene, encoding a dolichyl-P-mannose (Dol-P-Man) synthase. Here we show Trichomonas membranes have roughly 3

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Mohammadi, Malihe, Mona Atabakhshi Kashi, Shekufeh Zareian, Manoochehr Mirshahi, and Khosro Khajeh. "Remarkable Improvement of Methylglyoxal Synthase Thermostability by His–His Interaction." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 172, no. 1 (2013): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0404-y.

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Kotowska, Magdalena, Krzysztof Pawlik, Aleksandra Smulczyk-Krawczyszyn, Hubert Bartosz-Bechowski, and Katarzyna Kuczek. "Type II Thioesterase ScoT, Associated with Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) Modular Polyketide Synthase Cpk, Hydrolyzes Acyl Residues and Has a Preference for Propionate." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 4 (2008): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01371-08.

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ABSTRACT Type II thioesterases (TE IIs) were shown to maintain the efficiency of polyketide synthases (PKSs) by removing acyl residues blocking extension modules. However, the substrate specificity and kinetic parameters of these enzymes differ, which may have significant consequences when they are included in engineered hybrid systems for the production of novel compounds. Here we show that thioesterase ScoT associated with polyketide synthase Cpk from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is able to hydrolyze acetyl, propionyl, and butyryl residues, which is consistent with its editing function. Thi

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Tracey, W. R., J. S. Pollock, F. Murad, M. Nakane, and U. Forstermann. "Identification of an endothelial-like type III NO synthase in LLC-PK1 kidney epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 266, no. 1 (1994): C22—C28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.1.c22.

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Porcine kidney tubular epithelial cells (LLC-PK1) produce nitric oxide or a related compound (e.g., a nitrosothiol) after stimulation with various agonists. We now report the identification and characterization of a constitutive, particulate nitric oxide (NO) synthase from LLC-PK1 cells. After partial purification on adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate-Sepharose, the particulate NO synthase activity eluted anomalously from Superose 6 gel permeation columns near the total included volume, similar to that observed for the endothelial (type III) NO synthase. Substrate/cofactor requirements of the epithe

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Sutton, Kristin A., Jennifer Breen, Thomas A. Russo, L. Wayne Schultz, and Timothy C. Umland. "Crystal structure of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase from the ESKAPE pathogenAcinetobacter baumannii." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 72, no. 3 (2016): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x16001114.

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The enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase catalyzes the sixth step of the seven-step shikimate pathway. Chorismate, the product of the pathway, is a precursor for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, siderophores and metabolites such as folate, ubiquinone and vitamin K. The shikimate pathway is present in bacteria, fungi, algae, plants and apicomplexan parasites, but is absent in humans. The EPSP synthase enzyme produces 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate and phosphate from phosphoenolpyruvate and shikimate 3-phosphateviaa transferase reaction, and is the target of the

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Gojković, Zoran, Michael P. B. Sandrini та Jure Piškur. "Eukaryotic β-Alanine Synthases Are Functionally Related but Have a High Degree of Structural Diversity". Genetics 158, № 3 (2001): 999–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/158.3.999.

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Abstract β-Alanine synthase (EC 3.5.1.6), which catalyzes the final step of pyrimidine catabolism, has only been characterized in mammals. A Saccharomyces kluyveri pyd3 mutant that is unable to grow on N-carbamyl-β-alanine as the sole nitrogen source and exhibits diminished β-alanine synthase activity was used to clone analogous genes from different eukaryotes. Putative PYD3 sequences from the yeast S. kluyveri, the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster complemented the pyd3 defect. When the S. kluyveri PYD3 gene was expressed in S. cerevisiae, which ha

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Cheuk, Anthony, and Thomas Meier. "Rotor subunits adaptations in ATP synthases from photosynthetic organisms." Biochemical Society Transactions 49, no. 2 (2021): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20190936.

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Driven by transmembrane electrochemical ion gradients, F-type ATP synthases are the primary source of the universal energy currency, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), throughout all domains of life. The ATP synthase found in the thylakoid membranes of photosynthetic organisms has some unique features not present in other bacterial or mitochondrial systems. Among these is a larger-than-average transmembrane rotor ring and a redox-regulated switch capable of inhibiting ATP hydrolysis activity in the dark by uniquely adapted rotor subunit modifications. Here, we review recent insights into the struct

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Abu-Zaitoon, Yousef M., Ezz Al-Dein Muhammed Al-Ramamneh, Abdel Rahman Al Tawaha, Sulaiman M. Alnaimat, and Fouad A. Almomani. "Comparative Coexpression Analysis of Indole Synthase and Tryptophan Synthase A Reveals the Independent Production of Auxin via the Cytosolic Free Indole." Plants 12, no. 8 (2023): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12081687.

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Indole synthase (INS), a homologous cytosolic enzyme of the plastidal tryptophan synthase A (TSA), has been reported as the first enzyme in the tryptophan-independent pathway of auxin synthesis. This suggestion was challenged as INS or its free indole product may interact with tryptophan synthase B (TSB) and, therefore, with the tryptophan-dependent pathway. Thus, the main aim of this research was to find out whether INS is involved in the tryptophan-dependent or independent pathway. The gene coexpression approach is widely recognized as an efficient tool to uncover functionally related genes.

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Goto, Saki, Yuki Miyahara, Seiichi Taguchi, Takeharu Tsuge, and Ayaka Hiroe. "Enhanced Production of (R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate Oligomers by Coexpression of Molecular Chaperones in Recombinant Escherichia coli Harboring a Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase Derived from Bacillus cereus YB-4." Microorganisms 10, no. 2 (2022): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020458.

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The biodegradable polyester poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] is synthesized by a polymerizing enzyme called polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase and accumulates in a wide variety of bacterial cells. Recently, we demonstrated the secretory production of a (R)-3HB oligomer (3HBO), a low-molecular-weight P(3HB), by using recombinant Escherichia coli expressing PHA synthases. The 3HBO has potential value as an antibacterial substance and as a building block for various polymers. In this study, to construct an efficient 3HBO production system, the coexpression of molecular chaperones and a PHA sy

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Sun, Lijing, Mengyun Hu, Jie Zhao та ін. "Molecular Characteristics, Synthase, and Food Application of Cereal β-Glucan". Journal of Food Quality 2021 (8 березня 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6682014.

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Cereal β-glucan is a type of valuable dietary fiber that mainly exists in the aleurone, subaleurone, and endosperm of some cereal grains. β-Glucan is acknowledged as a functional food ingredient owing to its multiple health benefits, including the prevention of diabetes, reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease, antitumor effects, antioxidant activities, and immunostimulation. It is well documented that cellulose synthase-like CslF/H/J genes encode synthases responsible for β-glucan biosynthesis in cereal grains. Recently, β-glucan has been widely applied as an emulsion stabilizer,

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Bimmer, Martin, Wolfgang Liebl, and Armin Ehrenreich. "Bakterielle Cellulose — ein Netzwerk gestaltet von drei Cellulosesynthasen." BIOspektrum 29, no. 2 (2023): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12268-023-1908-9.

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AbstractBesides plants also some bacterial genera are able to synthesize cellulose in remarkably high quantities. Bacterial cellulose from the acetic acid bacterium Komagataeibacter hansenii has a big advantage supporting its use as multifunctional and sustainable material — it is free of non-cellulosic components, unlike cellulose of plant origin. Based on marker-free in frame deletions, we propose a model where cellulose fibers released by the main cellulose synthase (BcsAB1) are modified by two additional cellulose synthases.

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Ee, Su-Fang, Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein, Roohaida Othman, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Ismanizan Ismail, and Zamri Zainal. "Functional Characterization of Sesquiterpene Synthase fromPolygonum minus." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/840592.

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Polygonum minusis an aromatic plant, which contains high abundance of terpenoids, especially the sesquiterpenes C15H24. Sesquiterpenes were believed to contribute to the many useful biological properties in plants. This study aimed to functionally characterize a full length sesquiterpene synthase gene fromP. minus.P. minussesquiterpene synthase (PmSTS) has a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 1689 base pairs encoding a 562 amino acid protein. Similar to other sesquiterpene synthases, PmSTS has two large domains: the N-terminal domain and the C-terminal metal-binding domain. It also consists

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Varghese, Febin, James N. Blaza, Andrew J. Y. Jones, Owen D. Jarman та Judy Hirst. "Deleting the IF 1 -like ζ subunit from Paracoccus denitrificans ATP synthase is not sufficient to activate ATP hydrolysis". Open Biology 8, № 1 (2018): 170206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.170206.

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In oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthases interconvert two forms of free energy: they are driven by the proton-motive force across an energy-transducing membrane to synthesize ATP and displace the ADP/ATP ratio from equilibrium. For thermodynamically efficient energy conversion they must be reversible catalysts. However, in many species ATP synthases are unidirectional catalysts (their rates of ATP hydrolysis are negligible), and in others mechanisms have evolved to regulate or minimize hydrolysis. Unidirectional catalysis by Paracoccus denitrificans ATP synthase has been attributed to its u

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Caballero Cerbon, Daniel Alejandro, Jeremias Widmann, and Dirk Weuster-Botz. "Metabolic control analysis enabled the improvement of the L-cysteine production process with Escherichia coli." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 108, no. 1 (2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-023-12928-z.

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Abstract L-cysteine is an amino acid with relevance to the pharmaceutical, food, feed, and cosmetic industry. The environmental and societal impact of its chemical production has led to the development of more sustainable fermentative L-cysteine production processes with engineered E. coli based on glucose and thiosulfate as sulphur source. Still, most of the published processes show low yields. For the identification of further metabolic engineering targets, engineered E. coli cells were withdrawn from a fed-batch production process, followed by in vivo metabolic control analysis (MCA) based

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Krishnan, Hari B., Won-Seok Kim, Jeong Sun-Hyung, Kil Yong Kim, and Guoqiao Jiang. "Citrate Synthase Mutants of Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 Form Ineffective Nodules with Aberrant Ultrastructure." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 6 (2003): 3561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.6.3561-3568.2003.

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ABSTRACT The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle plays an important role in generating the energy required by bacteroids to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Citrate synthase is the first enzyme that controls the entry of carbon into the TCA cycle. We cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the gltA gene that encodes citrate synthase in Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257, a symbiont of soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) and several other legumes. The deduced citrate synthase protein has a molecular weight of 48,198 and exhibits sequence similarity to citrate synthases from several bacterial species, incl

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Ker, De-Sheng, Sze Lei Pang, Noor Farhan Othman та ін. "Purification and biochemical characterization of recombinant Persicaria minor β-sesquiphellandrene synthase". PeerJ 5 (28 лютого 2017): e2961. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2961.

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Background Sesquiterpenes are 15-carbon terpenes synthesized by sesquiterpene synthases using farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) as a substrate. Recently, a sesquiterpene synthase gene that encodes a 65 kDa protein was isolated from the aromatic plant Persicaria minor. Here, we report the expression, purification and characterization of recombinant P. minor sesquiterpene synthase protein (PmSTS). Insights into the catalytic active site were further provided by structural analysis guided by multiple sequence alignment. Methods The enzyme was purified in two steps using affinity and size exclusion chrom

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Fujii, Nobuharu, Marni D. Boppart, Scott D. Dufresne, et al. "Overexpression or ablation of JNK in skeletal muscle has no effect on glycogen synthase activity." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 287, no. 1 (2004): C200—C208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00415.2003.

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c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and is robustly activated in response to muscle contraction. Little is known about the biological functions of JNK signaling in terminally differentiated muscle cells, although this protein has been proposed to regulate insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase activity in mouse skeletal muscle. To determine whether JNK signaling regulates contraction-stimulated glycogen synthase activation, we applied an electroporation technique to induce JNK overexpression (O/E) in mouse skeletal muscle. Ten days after electroporation, in sit

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PUICĂ, Gina. "La peur de rater en tant que Roumain, un mobile de sa réussite littéraire." Synthesis 3, no. 3 (2024): 115–24. https://doi.org/10.59277/synthe.2024.3.115.

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In this article, we attempt to analyse what seems to be a persistent obsession of Cioran’s over time: the fear of failing in life (and therefore also in his writing career) because of his Romanian origin. Cioran was convinced that Romanians were doomed to failure and that Romania embodied “the genius of failure”. To escape the fate reserved for writers from “small” countries and join the “World Republic of Letters” (Pascale Casanova), Cioran chose France as his country of residence, especially as he was fascinated by the country’s grandiose history. But despite having done everything to escape

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Stahlberg, Henning, Daniel J. Müller, Kitaru Suda, et al. "Bacterial Na + ‐ATP synthase has an undecameric rotor." EMBO reports 2, no. 3 (2001): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/embo-reports/kve047.

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Lien, Huang-Chun, Yi-Hsuan Lee, Yung-Ming Jeng, Ching-Hung Lin, Yen-Shen Lu, and Yu-Tung Yao. "Differential expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 in breast carcinoma and its biological significance." Histopathology 65, no. 3 (2014): 328–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/his.12390.

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