Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Synthèse microbiologique'
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Randriantsoa, Mialy. "Synthèse microbiologique des antigènes glucidiques des groupes sanguins." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10132.
Full textSaccharidic blood group antigens are well known for their crucial role in blood transfusion and organe transplantation. They were first discovered more than a century ago on red cells and were later found in various tissues and secretion fluids. The rise of glycobiology during the past twenty years demonstrates their involvment in other biological mechanisms such as the binding of bacteria, toxins, or viruses to mammalian cell surface glycans or the specific role in oncogenesis and embryogenesis. From these different implications derived several therapeutic applications, the blood group antigens are very promising targets for drug development. In this perspective, large amount of these molecules is required. Chemical and enzymatic syntheses are developed but not allow the obtaining of large scale preparative samples of pure well-characterized oligosaccharides for use in biological studies. An alternative approach called “the living factory” is proposed in this study, it is based on high cell density culture of Escherichia coli strain overexpressing the glycosyltransferase genes. Through this process, some fifty oligosaccharides with biological interest belong to three systems of blood group (ABH type 1, 2, 4, 5, Lewis and P) have been synthesized in gram scale
Bel, Rhlid Rachid. "Réduction microbiologique énantiogénique d'alpha-diones. Application à la synthèse de phéromones." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21226.
Full textPetit, Frédéric. "Synthèse de lactones optiquement actives par réaction de baeyer-villiger microbiologique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22027.
Full textAlphand, Véronique. "Synthèse de lactones optiquement activés par réaction de Baeyer-Villiger microbiologique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX22020.
Full textBaghdikian, Béatrice. "Les iridoi͏̈des d'Harpagophytum procumbens et zeyheri, et leurs produits de transformation par voie chimique, enzymatique et microbiologique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30021.
Full textZhang, Xiao-Ming. "Biooxygénation asymétrique de doubles liaisons isolées par voie microbiologique : synthèse de produits naturels à pureté optique élevée." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX22031.
Full textMarc, Jillian. "Modulation par approches microbiologique et génétique de la synthèse d'acide acétique lors de la production d'éthanol sous métabolisme oxydo-réductif chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0051.
Full textThe aim of this work was to investigate a potential inhibitory effect of endogenous acetic acid on the oxido-reductive metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to assess the relevance of a strategy based of the modulation of the synthesis of this acid, to improve ethanol production capacities. This work should also help to broaden the understanding of the main factors controlling the synthesis of acetic acid, and more generally organic acids. The strategy to modulate the synthesis of acetic acid was based on microbiological and genetic approaches, consisting in the addition of oleic acid and / or carnitine in the medium as well as the overexpression of the gene CIT2 or the deletion of the gene ALD6.This approach has shown that, contrary to exogenous version, endogenous acetic acid did not induce inhibitory effects on the oxido-reductive metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or was negligible compared to stress caused by ethanol. Moreover, the modulation of the synthesis of this acid appear to be not an attractive strategy to improve ethanol production capacities of the yeast, although a correlation was observed between the end-culture titer of these two molecules.In addition, it has been shown that the isoform 6 of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (Ald6p) was essential to ensure regular growth and mechanisms of ethanol stress resistance under these conditions of culture. More broadly, the interrelation between the different isoforms did not seem as flexible as under anaerobic conditions. Saccharomyces cerevisiae also seemed to have a flexible metabolism in response to a modulation of the synthesis of acetic acid. The pentose-phosphate way would be able to take over from Ald6p for regeneration of cytosolic NADPH, although the ratio NADP+ / NADPH seemed to lessen the flux through this pathway. Finally, the cells appeared to be able to regulate the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetic acid in response to changing in anabolic needs at the end of the growth phase. However, yeasts would be unable to overcome the lack of acetyl-CoA following the suppression of the gene ALD6. The modulation of the synthesis of pyruvic and succinic acids has also been discussed
Pagliardini, Julien. "Optimisation du rendement de production de bioéthanol chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae par minimisation de la synthèse du glycérol : approche intégrée de génie métabolique et microbiologique." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0036/document.
Full textThis work aimed to assess the possibility of reducing Saccharomyces cerevisiae's glycerolproduction, in order to improve ethanol yield, without altering the abilities of yeasts to grow andproduce ethanol. Minimum glycerol production required for growth was found, thanks to a metabolicflux calculation model. Strains showing a fine tuned activity in the glycerol synthesis pathway enzymeswere used, to get close to the minimum activity established in silico.This fine tuning strategy lead, in aerobiosis, to a 88 % glycerol yield decrease together with a4.7 % ethanol yield increase, with no reduction of mutants'ethanol tolerance, but there is a slightdecrease of the growth rate. In anaerobiosis, a 61 % glycerol yield decrease, together with a 7 %ethanol yield increase were obtained, but mutant strains suffered of a sharp growth rate reduction anda decrease in their ethanol tolerance.A close analysis of the results, with the help of a metabolic model, highlighted both an increaseof mutants' energy requirements, interpreted as an increased difficulty to cope with osmotic stress,and a reorganisation of their oxydo-reductive metabolism, interpreted as glycerol reduction's impacton the NADH cofactor reoxydation pathway.These results validated the relevance of metabolic fine-tuning, assisted with in silicostoichiometric model for strains improvement and they increased the understanding of the integrationof glycerol in cell metabolism as well as its physiological role
Ouazzani, Chahadi Jamaleddine. "Réduction et oxydation microbiologiques : une voie nouvelle d'accès aux synthons chiraux ou aux substances naturelles." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112012.
Full textThe different catalytic specificities of the two enzymic systems were used, in vivo, to prepare opticallypure ketols, from substituted 1,4-cyclohexanediones. These ketols, bearing one to three asymetric centers, were oxidized in a Baeyer-Villiger reaction, and dehydrated to form unsatured asymetric lactones. Such lactones are potential chiral synthons or natural products. A dehydrogenase present in Curvularia lunata cells is able to reduce 2,5 substitued 1,4-cyclohexanediones with a high regio and strereospecificity, leading to optically pure 4S ketols. A monooxygenase present in Curvularia lunata cells, is able to oxidize ketones to lactones, exactly as peracids in the chemical Baeyer-Villiger reaction. We have demonstrated, for the first time, that this enzyme is highly enantioselective. From a racemic mixture, was lactonized exclusively the 4S ketol, and the residual 4R ketol can be recovered optically pure. This monooxygenase is fally induced by the 4S ketol as well by the 4R enantiomer; however, it exhibit always the same stereospecificity. In parallel to these enzymic reactions, we have studied some equivalent chemical reactions, mainly regioselective chemical reductions. Furthemore, we have established the complete structure of all the lactones synthetised. The combination of these enzymic reactions, associated to equivalent chemical reactions, allow to prepare the four isomers of eldanolide, the wing gland pheromone of an african sugar cane borer, Eldana sacchariana
Boudreau, Vanessa. "Production inductible d'anhydrase carbonique par pichia pastoris." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28711/28711.pdf.
Full textBoularot, Adrien. "La peptide déformylase, une cible pour de nouveaux agents antibiotiques : conception d'inhibiteurs et étude fonctionnelle des effets biologiques in vitro et in vivo." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112239.
Full textThe emergence of bacteria' resistance to antibiotics is becoming a major public health issue which involves quite all-antibacterial agents. One of the priorities to solve this problem is the search of innovative antibacterial agents active against novel targets. Hence the peptide deformylase (PDF), a metalloprotease present in all bacteria, fulfils this selection criterion. However, human PDF has been recently isolated and shown to be located in the mitochondria. This identification could impose major reservations as to the possible medical use of PDF's inhibitors since human form must not be inhibited. New series' leader compounds would therefore appear to be more efficient and selective against bacterial forms. Taking advantage of the chelating properties of PDFs, series of molecules with a one or two-coordinate metal-binding group were synthesized. Moreover backbones with either a pseudo-peptidic chain recognized by the enzyme, or a heterocycle were used to increase the selectivity of compounds. About sixty molecules were tested in vitro for their affinity towards PDF and their capacity to inhibit it, by either enzymatic inhibition tests or MNR spectroscopic experiments. Finally, the selectivity of these compounds was clearly shown as they act as potential antibiotics targeting specifically bacterial PDFs and not the human form. After the in vitro assessments of the inhibition potency, the most efficient compounds were tested in vivo on bacterial cultures. Their specificity in vivo against PDF has been shown, measured and their antibiotic effects have been determined on Gram-positives and Gram-negatives bacteria in different genetic contexts
Henrot, Serge. "Synthèse stéréo et énantiosélective de béta-hydroxy-esters fonctionnalisés par voie chimique et par voie microbiologique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605889c.
Full textCABON, ODILE. "Synthese diastereo- et enantioselective de 2-chloro-3-hydroxyesters par voie microbiologique. Etude de leur reactivite et applications." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066034.
Full textJeannot, Valérie. "Contribution à l'utilisation de rhodamines pour le ciblage intracellulaire : synthèse de rhodamnes aliphatiques et étude par imagerie de fluorescence." Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0338.
Full textPassaquin, Anne-Catherine. "Interferon et syntheses hormono-inductibles : etude de l'effet de l'interferon sur la synthese de la lactate deshydrogenase inductible par les catecholamines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13109.
Full textLi, Sizhe. "Signalisation chimique du Quorum Sensing bactérien : Conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique de mimes d'autoinducteurs et d'analogues d'agrocinopines." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI022/document.
Full textOver the past decades, it has been recognized that the social communication of bacteria either play a beneficial role or can worse pathogenicity in plant and human health. The language of bacteria used for communication are signal molecules called auto-inducers (AIs), which are regulated by themselves. This specific bacterial regulation process is termed as “quorum sensing (QS)”, by which bacteria coordinate various phenotypes such as biofilm formation or virulence factors in many microorganisms. To artificially alter the QS response of bacteria through design of QS chemical signal molecules for improving the pathogenicity have attracted the attention with innovative antibacterial strategies. Two chemical approaches towards bacteria QS have been studied in this thesis. One contributed to the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel QS inhibitors, another focused on the investigation of the role of agrocinopine and analogues in QS regulation in a specific bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens (AT). Both aimed at improving basic knowledge on QS biological processes in bacteria. The first part figured out the chirality-activity relationship of Acyl Homoserine Lactones (AHLs), studied the replacement of the central amide group of AHLs by heterocyclic scaffolds, and designed a family of nitroaniline derivatives as LuxR-regulated QS inhibitors. The L-one of enantiomeric AHLs was found to be predominant in QS modulation, and some AHLs unrelated nitroaniline compounds were capable of inhibiting LuxR type of QS, whereas the bioactivity of heterocyclic scaffolds depends on its substitution sites. The second part elaborated the mechanism by which agrocinopine A and its analogues were able to involve QS process, and activate virulence spread in AT. A series of analogues of agrocinopine A have been synthetized for investigating their binding properties with AccA. A specific key pyranose-2-phosphate motif has been identified to be responsible for both antibiotic import and QS regulation in AT
Henrot, Serge. "Synthese stereo et enantioselective de beta-hydroxy esters fonctionnalises par voie chimique et par voie microbiologique : application a la preparation de la (-) alpha multistriatine et du r (-) gabob." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066428.
Full textSabbah, Mohamad. "Synthèse et évaluation biologique de nouveaux inhibiteurs du quorum sensing bactérien." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0089.
Full textThe bacteria are able to communicate with each other for coordinating gene expression depending on their population density. This communication system use small molecules called autoinducers (AIs) as chemical messengers and is referred to as quorum sensing (QS). In pathogenic bacteria, the regulated genes are, in particular, those coding for the production of virulence factors and biofilms formation. Thus, inhibitors of bacterial QS could be used as new anti-bacterial agents providing an alternative to current antibiotics. In Gram-negative bacteria, the main AIs are acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs). Using two approaches, rational design and virtual screening, we have discovered five new families of AHLs antagonists, and some agonists. We have also prepared analogues of natural bromo-furanones antagonists, in order to establish a structure-activity study of this type of compounds
Dejouy, Garance. "Synthèse de nouveaux fluorophores organiques – Application à la conception de substrats fluorogéniques d'enzymes fondés sur le principe de la synthèse in situ." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK027.
Full textDetection and fluorescence imaging of biologic systems requires the implementation of efficient, robust and easy-to-use tools. Conventional fluorogenic probes currently used in microbiology lack efficiency since they are based on the single chemical modification of a fluorophore bearing an optically tunable reactive group, which often leads to incomplete fluorescence quenching. The main goal of my Ph.D thesis was to develop novel fluorogenic enzymatic substrates based on the "covalent assembly" principle. This approach also named "in situ synthesis" is based on the use of domino reactions to form a fluorescent moiety starting from a "caged" non-fluorescent molecule. In our case, the bioanalyte that triggers the reaction is present in bacteria, that we want to detect. This strategy provides many advantages (improved signal-to-noise ratio, easy exemplification to a wide range of analytes, …). In this context, the first goal of my thesis was to synthesize original fluorescent hetero-xanthene dyes to assess their stability under physiological conditions. Novel sulfone- and Si-pyronin derivatives were obtained. Synthesis of the corresponding "caged" precursors to the most stable compounds was then undertaken for their use as a peptidase-responsive probes. This work is described in the first and second chapter of this manuscript. Faced with difficulties to implement "covalent assembly" probe design principle to Si-pyronins, another class of fluorophores, namely quinoxalinone was explored. In situ formation of these fluorescent heterocycles triggered by an enzyme is presented in the third chapter. Finally, the last chapter was devoted to the synthesis of a conventional probe derived from a bis-sulfonyl-bis-aniline recently reported in the literature
Boudreau, Luc. "Contrôle physiologique et pharmacologique de la biosynthèse des leucotriènes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29041/29041.pdf.
Full textInflammation is a natural process of the human body’s defence against pathogens. Although the immune response is primarily favourable to the human body, it can also be very harmful. In fact, an uncontrolled and excessive inflammatory response (e.g. chronic inflammation) can result in chronic pathologies such as asthma, atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. One enzyme that plays an important role in certain chronic inflammatory pathologies is the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), which is responsible for the biosynthesis of powerful lipid mediators called leukotrienes. The biological role of leukotrienes includes chemotaxis, bronchoconstriction and vascular permeability. The present thesis focuses at better understanding the physiological and pharmacological regulation of 5-LO, either with natural endogenous molecules or with novel anti-inflammatory drugs. One particularly intriguing aspect of the human genome is the alternative splicing phenomenon. Indeed, it is estimated that between 70-80% of all human genes undergo alternative splicing. Therefore, we investigated if the ALOX5 gene, which codes for the 5 LO protein, underwent alternative splicing. We identified novel isoforms of the 5-LO protein in leukocyte Raji (B cells), THP-1 (monocytes), Reh (non B non T) and TA (B cells). In the second part of my studies, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of an active component from propolis of honeybee hives, known as caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). We also synthesized analogues of CAPE, some of which possess anti-inflammatory properties. Some of these compounds such as CAPE and its amid analogue, are novel 5-LO inhibitors that are either equipotent or more potent than the only clinically approved and commercially available 5-LO inhibitor zileuton. Since some adverse effects result from the clinical use of zileuton in some patient (liver toxicity), it is clear that there is room for improvement in regards to current 5-LO inhibitors.
Bernardi, Sarah. "Surfaces polymères antibactériennes à base de polyionènes : synthèses et études aux interfaces en physico-chimie et biologie." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF034.
Full textBacterial contamination of surfaces is one of the most pressing concerns for the medical and the food industries. In order to act prior to the biofilm formation, we chose a preemptive strategy by creating contact-bioactive surfaces to inhibit bacteria without releasing bioactive agents. The main objective of this thesis is to prepare such surfaces by covalently grafting polyionenes (PI) and to study their biological characteristics, as well as the influence of the polymer structure on these properties.PI possess both powerful and versatile antimicrobial properties, which can be controlled by fine-tuning the charges/hydrophobic spacers ratio. A range of PI was synthesized by varying both the length and the nature of the spacers (aliphatic and ether), as well as the molecular weight, in order to evaluate the impact of these parameters on antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity. The aliphatic series was found to be more bacteriostatic, with an efficiency gradient that increases with the length of the aliphatic spacer.The aliphatic PI were then covalently grafted onto glass surfaces and silicon wafers using a sequential procedure combining polydopamine coating, diazonium salts induced polymerization and surface polyaddition. The chemical steps were characterized in detail via various surface analysis techniques (XPS, energy and zeta potential measurements). Antibacterial properties of the grafted surfaces were then evaluated by adhesion tests (total flora observations and enumerations of viable cultivable flora). PI-grafted surfaces were shown to display effective and versatile antibacterial properties, associated with a pro-adhesive effect. Cytotoxicity tests also demonstrated the absence of release and the non-toxicity of these materials. X-ray and neutron reflectivity experiments were performed on PI grafted chains to determine the thickness of polymers layers and to establish a link between the chains conformation and their mechanism of action towards bacteria.During this thesis, three procedures were developed to covalently functionalize polyethylene (PE) surfaces, the main component of food packaging. Firstly, PI were grafted onto PE with a chemical process similar to the one performed on glass. Secondly, a PI based ink was prepared to functionalize the PE film with an ink-jet printing process. Lastly, in order to develop a more industrializable process, PI were incorporated in bulk during the extrusion of PE films. For each procedure, we evaluated the possibility of their applications by characterizing their antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties
Cloutier, Nathalie. "Rôle des protéines de latence du virus humain herpès-8 sur la synthèse d'interféron de type 1." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27219/27219.pdf.
Full textSalducci, Xavier. "Activation des gènes de nodulation de Bradyrhizobium japonicum par des composés isoflavoniques de synthèse : relation entre activité métabolique bactérienne et infectivité." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10234.
Full textLACOMBE, CHRISTIAN. "Métabolisme du cardiolipide chez B. Subtilis : synthèse, dégradation, régulation, topologie." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2002.
Full textMagne, Fanny. "Synthèse d’hétérocycles spiraniques à visée thérapeutique." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2046/document.
Full textIn recent years, the elaboration of spirocyclic molecules has arisen, particularly with an essential purpose to increase of molecular diversity which is not sufficiently developed to date. The objective of this work was the synthesis of new arylaliphatic tricyclic entities with spiranic carbon and it in addition to previous work in the laboratory. Firstly, we have chosen to generate molecules having indane-1,2’-(azetidine, pyrrolidine and piperidine) moiety. The possibility of incorporating a functional group such as an amide, a spacer group or even a substituent on the aromatic ring has allowed us to exploit all space directions. Secondly, we have developed an intramolecular arylation in α position of the electroattractive groups. This metal catalyzed arylation, (in this case copper) provides access to compounds with spiroindane or spirotetraline-1,3’-(azetidine, pyrrolidine and piperidine) patterns. Thirdly, we have studied the intramolecular nucleophilic addition of N-activated pyridine to accede to spirocyclic functionalized pyridine structures. Preliminary tests using acetic anhydride as the activating agent allowed us to generate some desired intermediates. Last but not least, in an effort to increase the molecular diversity and the discovery of new fragments that could lead us to therapeutic agents, we were interested in the field of white biotechnology by harnessing the potential of microorganisms and their enzymes to functionalize in activated C-H bonds in previously prepared spirocyclic scaffolds
Bergeron, Marc. "Modulations of mouse macrophage IFN-γ-dependent functions by the intracellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19087.
Full textPaquet, Véronique. "Mise en évidence de facteurs d'induction de la production des pristinamycines chez Streptomyces pristinaespiralis." Toulouse, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAT0022.
Full textAbidi, Nabil. "Valorisation du lactose et du lactosérum en acide succinique par fermentation bactérienne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26699/26699.pdf.
Full textRemaud, Magali. "Synthese enzymatique d'oligosaccharides a l'aide de glucosyltransferases de leuconostoc mesenteroides." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30190.
Full textCimmino, Teresa. "Whole genome sequencing to decipher the resistome of clinical multidrug-resistant bacteria." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5068/document.
Full textTheuse of WG Sallows to analyze and to decipherthe study of resistome of Multi Drug Resistant bacteria (MDR), understanding the different resistance mechanisms, genetic directories and their dissemination mechanisms at global level. During them y thesis I have achieved: 1. A literature review on the use of new contemporary diagnostic tools and capabilities in detecting out breaksin infectious diseases caused by MDR. 2: The identification and the analysis of resistome of multidrug resistant bacteria from clinical isolates suchasShewanellaalgae, normally marine environmental, in our case clinical strain isolated from the broncho alveolar lavage of a hospitalized patient with pneumonia and Chryseobacteriumin dologenes, isolated from a patient cysticfibrosis. In this analysis, we can show that environment albacteria suchas S.algae can be a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. The exhaustive analysis of these bacteria showed their ability to a dapttotheirecosystemsincludingtheacquisitionofnewgeneticelementsbylateralgenetransfer. The detection of genes in volved in the synthesis of nonribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthases may have a role in their ability to survive in hostile environments suchas therespiratorytractofCFpatients or their presence inpatients having suffered multipleofantibiotic. 3:In this work,through theuse of the NTS onnew bacterial species isolated from human microbiome,we have a chieveda standardized analysis"insilico"to determine there sistome of these bacteria and the presence of secondary metabolites associated bacteriocins and the NRPS/PKS. The application of the NTS for sequenc in go bacterial genome of new bacterial species isolated in the human microbiome, allowe dus to develop a platform capable of analyzing the senew species within 48
DISCHERT, WANDA. "Caracterisation du regulateur de reponse hupr, activateur de la synthese de l'hydrogenase chez rhodobacter capsulatus." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10007.
Full textBoyaud, France. "Synthèse totale de la laxaphycine B : un lipopeptide cyclique d’origine marine : extension à d’autres peptides apparentés." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20083.
Full textMarine environment is a source of inspiration for chemists, thanks to the incredible structural diversity isolated from marine organisms and microorganism's compounds. Among them, laxaphycine B, a cyclic lipopeptide isolated from Anabena torulosa cyanobacteria, as like most marine peptides produced by a non-ribosomal biosynthesis pathway "NRPS/PKS”. Furthemore, this peptide has shown a strong cytotoxic activity on various cancer cell lines. One of the problems of this lipopeptide, is the lack of information on its mechanism of action. To identify potential targets and also to study in structure activity relationships, confirmation of its structure is necessary. It is in this context that we undertook laxaphycine B's synthesis using SPPS. In a first step, the four non-ribosomal aminoacids have been synthesized. In a second step, our efforts have focused on the development of a synthesis strategy to obtain laxaphycine B. Lastly, we studied the laxaphycin B's secondary structure to understand its mechanism of action
Imbs, Claire. "Synthèses éco-compatibles de nouveaux fongicides par chimie radicalaire." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2457/document.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to synthesize innovative fungicides by the most ecocompatible way. Several hypotheses have been investigated. First, an extensively studied molecule, intermediate of fungicides, o-cresol1, has been achieved from a natural substrate, salicylaldehyde2. The experimental conditions have been eco-designed in the aim to best match green chemistry requirements. Green solvents and reactants have been used, as ethanol, water and acetic acid3 for example, as well as alternative technologies like microwaves activation (Schema 1). Secondly, novel fungicides green syntheses have been carried out. Salicylaldehyde, a natural substrate model, reacted with various alcohols in the aim to perform reductive etherification reactions. In this way, products were composed of phenolic part with an alkoxyl group at the 2nd position. These alcoxyl groups have various chain lengths, playing a key role in fungicidal ability (Schema 1). Then, homo and hetero pinacol coupling reactions have been achieved with various aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes to obtain symmetrical and asymmetrical vicinal diols, called pinacols (Schema 1). At last, fungidal and antioxidant properties of all stable obtained molecules, referenced or not, as well as starting materials, have been evaluated. Microbiological studies have been carried out with various fungal strains
Aldeek, Fadi. "Synthèse et fonctionnalisation de nanocristaux fluorescents (Quantum Dots) pour l'imagerie et la caractérisation des propriétés hydrophobes/hydrophiles de biofilms bactériens." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10078/document.
Full textMicroorganisms predominantly live in communities, such as biofilms, in which extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) form the matrix and stabilize the three-dimensional structure. Hydrophobic microdomains allow the cohesiveness of these hydrophilic, polyanionic systems. The localization of these hydrophobic sites is very important to understand the variability and the reactivity of the EPS. The objective of our work was to engineer new fluorescent probes with amphiphilic or hydrophilic properties able to label the EPS. For that purpose, we have synthesized a series of fluorescent CdSe-core nanocrystals, also called Quantum Dots (QDs), modified at their periphery with hydrophilic (3-mercaptopropionic acid) or amphiphilic ligands (dihydrolipoic acid coupled to hydrophobic aminoacids like Leucine or Phenylalanine). Using confocal fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), we demonstrated that the functionalized QDs strongly associated with the EPS of S. oneidensis biofilms and allow imaging of these microbial communities. The location of these probes within the EPS was dependent on the surface ligand structure and on its density at the periphery of QDs. A homogeneous dispersion of hydrophilic QDs in the whole biofilm was observed, while amphiphilic QDs clusterized in the small hydrophobic domains. These new fluorescent probes will be of great use to understand the development and the reorganization of complex biological matrix like biofilms
Friguet, Bertrand. "Relations entre changements conformationnels et proprietes fonctionnelles de la tryptophane synthase d'escherichia coli : approche immunochimique avec des anticorps monoclonaux." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066383.
Full textBarray, Sylvie. "Etude des synthèses polypeptidiques dans les cellules d'insectes infectées par le chilo iridescent virus (CIV, iridovirus type 6)." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES036.
Full textPoueymiro, Marie. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des effecteurs de type III de Ralstonia solanacearum : AvrA et PopP1, délimitant le spectre d'hôte et RipTPS, synthétisant une molécule signal chez les plantes." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1111/.
Full textThe plant pathogenic bacterium R. Solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt. The type III effector proteins that are delivered by the bacteria into plant cells manipulate the host cell physiology in a way that favors bacterial multiplication, but recognition of these effectors by the plant immune system can also lead to resistance against the pathogen. We have identified two effectors, AvrA and PopP1, which determine host specificity of strain GMI1000 on three tobacco species. We have also demonstrated that an effector, called RipTPS (Ralstonia injected protein TPS), possesses a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) activity. Since trehalose-6-phosphate is a key signal molecule controlling sugar metabolism in plants, it is hypothesized that RipTPS specifically alters the plant cell metabolism during infection
Chabrière, Eric. "Etude structurale de la pyruvate:ferrédoxine oxydoréductase de Desulfovibrio africanus par cristallographie des rayons X : vers une meilleure connaissance du mécanisme réactionnel du cofacteur thiamine pyrophosphate." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10094.
Full textBlanchet, Sandra. "Fidélité de la terminaison de la traduction chez les eucaryotes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112181/document.
Full textTranslation termination occurs when a stop codon enters the A site of the ribosome where it is recognized by eRF1 (eukaryotic release factor 1), associated with eRF3. This step of translation is not yet understood in eukaryotes. During my PhD, I was interested in studying translation termination accuracy to better understand and characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in stop codon decoding.One of my project consisted in characterizing a region in eRF1 N-terminal domain, pocket P1, identified to be involved in termination efficiency. Through a quantification of readthrough efficiency of pocket P1 mutants, I have highlighted the role of key residues, like serine 33 and serine 70, implicated in specific recognition of UGA stop codon, probably through a direct interaction between the two amino acids, and also arginine 65 and lysine 109, essential for efficient termination on the three stop codons. The analysis of the mutants by NMR revealed that these residues are also important for proper conformation of the cavity and potentially involved in a direct interaction with mRNA. The combination of our genetic data and structural analysis allowed us to propose a model of interaction between termination factor eRF1 and the mRNA, in which the stop codon would be recognized partially through pocket P1.In cells, termination always competes with readthrough which corresponds to the incorporation of near-cognate tRNAs at the stop codon. To identify the amino acids inserted by readthrough at the stop codon, I have developed a reporter system based on the expression and purification of readthrough proteins that are analyzed by mass spectrometry. I found that glutamine, tyrosine and lysine are inserted at UAA and UAG stop codons, whereas tryptophan, cysteine and arginine are inserted at UGA stop codon. I also showed that the 5’ nucleotide context does not influence the incorporation of amino acids at the stop codons by readthrough, but that, in contrast, the presence of paromomycin impacted the selection of natural suppressors tRNAs incorporated by readthrough. This project gives us new insights into the decoding rules by analyzing the base pairings between stop codon and near-cognates anticodons. It also allows us to consider therapeutic prospects for the treatment of premature stop codon diseases which uses readthrough as a tool to re-express full-length proteins from mRNAs that are interrupted by the presence of a premature stop codon
Cruciere, Catherine. "Contribution a l'etude du coronavirus : analyse des arn poly(a)plus induits lors de la replication du coronavirus enteritique bovin, determination et analyse de la sequence du gene codant pour la proteine de sa nucleocapside." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077043.
Full textImhaus, Anne-Flore. "Rôle et mode d’action des pilines mineures des pili de type IV de Neisseria meningitidis." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T019/document.
Full textType IV Pili (TFP) are widespread filamentous organelles extending from the surface of many Gram-negative bacteria that mediate multiple functions and play a key role in the pathogenesis of several important human pathogens, including our model, Neisseria meningitidis. The assembly of TFP requires a complex machinery composed by at least twenty proteins that are localized in the inner membrane, the outer membrane and the periplasm. Three of these proteins, called minor pilins, are not required for the biosynthesis of the TFP, but support their functions. Based on the phenotypes associated with the mutants, their role on TFP functions has been determined. The minor pilin Comp is required for natural competence for DNA transformation, PilV is required for the deformation of the host cell plasma membrane and PilX is essential for the adhesion of bacteria to epithelial and endothelial cells, the bacterial aggregation and the deformation of the host cell plasma membrane. Many similarities with the major pilin PilE suggests that minor pilin are inserted into the fiber of TFP to exert their functions, although it has never been demonstrated. How these proteins carry out their functions mechanistically is not elucidated. The general objective of this thesis was to understand how a single fiber can provide such a variety of functions. To achieve this, the study of the mode of action of minor pilins was undertaken. Contrarily to what has been previously proposed, the PilV and PilX minor pilins seem to exert their functions from the periplasmic space to modulate the amount of surface exposed pili. Indeed, pilV and pilX strains show piliation defects of 39 % and 63 % respectively compared to the wild type. Besides, we have shown that TFP functions require a large amount of TFP, at least 40 % for the aggregation and adhesion and 70% to induce the reorganization of the plasma membrane. Thus these modest decreases in the amount of pili explain the phenotypes of these mutants. These results indicate that the minor pilins are involved in the biogenesis of TFP rather than in the direct support of their biochemical properties. Moreover, the piliation defect of these mutants is restored in the absence of retraction, indicating that the PilV and PilX minor pilins play a role in the stability of TFP. To understand how PilV and PilX minor pilins modulate surface exposed pili level, we performed a structure/ function analysis of these two proteins. Blocking the PilV and PilX minor pilins in the inner membrane abolishes piliation, indicating a direct interaction with the machinery of TFP, probably via the major pilin PilE. We have also shown that an interaction between the minor pilins and the major pilin occurs in the inner membrane and upstream of the pilus assembly. However, these results, obtained by biochemical techniques, need to be confirmed by additional controls. By a mutagenesis strategy, we finally demonstrated that the D region of PilV and the α/β and β2/β3 loops of PilX are necessary for their functions. This study has shown that a relatively modest decrease in the amount of pili displayed on the bacterial surface leads to a strong effect on the functions carried by TFP. Minor pilins act in the periplasm to promote the biosynthesis of pili, which highlights the direct role of the major pilin in the TFP-dependent functions
Gillard, Sylvie. "Mise en evidence et caracterisation d'un gene viral essentiel pour la replication du virus de la vaccine sur cellules humaines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13108.
Full textEl, Badaoui Khalid. "Contribution à l'étude des protéases de quelques champignons ectomycorhiziens." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10123.
Full textZiegler, Véronique. "La rhizomanie, une maladie virale de la betterave a sucre : contribution a l'etude du mecanisme d'expression et des proprietes biologiques du genome du virus des nervures jaunes et necrotiques de la betterave." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13017.
Full textSherteel, Rajaa. "Metabolic Engineering to Improve Biohydrogen Production by Rhodobacter capsulatus JP91." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20525.
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