Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Synthèse sol-gel'
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Sibottier, Emilie. "Génération électro-assistée de films à base de silice : fonctionnalisation, mésostructuration et applications analytiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10101/document.
Full textThe study deals with various aspects of a novel method of sol-gel synthesis : the electro-assisted generation of functionalized and/or mesostructured silica thin films, and their applications in analytical electrochemistry. Sol-gel-derived silica films functionnalized with amine or thiol groups have been electrogenerated on gold electrodes. The formation of a partial self-assembled monolayer of mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) on gold led to a silica film adhering well to the electrode surface owing to the MPTMS acting as a « molecular glue ». The whole process was characterized by two successive distinct rates, starting by a slow deposition stage leading to thin deposits, which was followed by a much faster film growing in the form of macroporous coatings. The use of these modified electrodes was considered as a voltammetric sensor for copper(II). By adding a surfactant in the synthesis medium, it’s possible to electrogenerate mesostructured silica films with hexagonal structure with pore channels oriented perpendiculary to the substrate (which is difficult to get by other methods). The electrochemically-induced-self-assembly of surfactant-templated silica thin films can be applied to various conducting supports. The broad interest of the novel method was demonstrated by its ability to produce homogeneous deposits of silica on non-planar surfaces or heterogeneous substrates, what is difficult by the traditional techniques of film deposition. Finally, a preliminary approach has been proposed in order to apply the electrodeposition process coupled with a scanning electrochemical microscope in order to get localized sol-gel deposits at the micrometric size level on gold
Belon, Cindy. "Synthèse de revêtements hybrides organique-inorganique par photopolymérisation sol-gel." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MULH3908.
Full textThe present work questioned the interest of sol-gel photopolymerization as a novel route to synthesize nanocomposite films from hybrid mono- and bis-silylated precursors. The potentialities of this process that is based on a catalysis promoted by photogenerated Bronsted superacids have been poorly investigated so far. Depending on the precursor nature, the sol-gel photopolymerization was possibly combined with an organic photopolymerization in a view to generate the dual crosslinking of the organic and inorganic networks in a single step. A first aspect of this work concemed the structural properties of the hybrid films: Fourier transformed IR spectroscopy, 29Si and 13C solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and X-rays analysis were thus implemented. These experiments highlighted the numerous advantages of the photoinduced sol-gel process: its high reactivity, its living character, the absence of water or solvent and the local organization in the resulting films. Finally, the thermo-mechanical properties of the UV cured materials were assessed by using a wide range of characterization techniques: dynamic mechanical analysis, differentia!scanning calorimetry, nanoindentation, tribological and scratch tests. The effect of the organic moiety functionality of the precursors was thus evidenced and relationships between microstructure and properties ofthe hybrid films were established
Roux, Richard. "Synthèse de phase stationnaires monolithiques de silice hybrides pour les techniques séparatives miniaturisées." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10208.
Full textThis manuscript is dedicated to the synthesis (via sol-gel process) and caracterization of hybrid monolithic silica for miniaturized separation techniques : nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC), capillary electrochromatography (CEC) and microchips. The bibliography part deals with the recent axis of development of these separatives techniques : increase of efficiency per time unit, increase of peak capacity and miniaturisation of these techniques. After an overview of this evolution, the manuscript is focused on the silica monolithic stationnary phases. Finally, a detailed study on the different kinds of protocol fonctionnalization of these silica monoliths highlights the advantage of simplifying the synthesis using a single step protocol (« one pot »). The experimental part is also focused on this kind of single step protocol so as to synthesize hybrid silica monoliths dedicated to the reversed phase mode in chromatography. First, the synthesis of hybrid C3 silica monoliths shows the ability to synthesize a functionnalized silica monolith via a single step sol gel process (« one pot »). Then, this kind of process is used and optimized in order to synthesize a hybrid C8 silica monolithic into capillaries. These stationary phases allowed reaching performances similar to those synthesized in two steps (sol-gel process and grafting) and to the particulate columns (5 μm)
Le, Bail Nicolas. "Conception, synthèse par chimie douce et caractérisation de revêtements sol-gel hybrides multifonctionnels sur polycarbonate." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0040/document.
Full textThe polycarbonate is a widespread polymer material, highly appreciated for its low density, its transparency and its good mechanical properties. This material is used for divert applications (automotive, medical, optical...) and is very competitive in terms of quality and prices. However, it displays some weaknesses, essentially due to its poor abrasion and scratch resistance and its possible degradation under UV or hydrolysis. In this context, the PhD aim is to design and develop a new hybrid organic / inorganic protective coating with silica and zirconia based precursors prepared by the sol gel process, which allow a curing compatible with the polycarbonate's Tg (148°C). Here, it is discussed on the solutions retained to obtain a scratch resistant, hydrophobic and transparent coating. It is showed that, scratch resistant protective coatings can be deposited on pristine PC thanks to a performing hybrid organic / inorganic coating by modulating its bulk properties. Moreover, results demonstrate the key role played by a phenylsilane precursor in enhancing the adherence. Nanoindentation, scratch-test, NMR and FTIR analysis will be discussed
Gossard, Alban. "Synthèse d'oxydes par voie sol-gel colloïdale : application aux précurseurs de combustibles nucléaires." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENCM0010/document.
Full textOne of the main objectives for the future nuclear fuel cycle is the recycling of the minor actinides. Different options are considered: their integration into a new fuel for a prospect of a closed fuel cycle or their transmutation in order to significantly decrease the long-term radiotoxicity of ultimate wastes. In both cases, the synthesis of new advanced materials integrating the actinides jointly is required.Sol-gel processes allow the organization of the material at the colloidal scale or the insertion of controlled porosity using « templates ». Furthermore, the possibility to work in a « wet environment » prevents the formation of pulverulent powders which are contaminant in the case of materials incorporating radioactive elements. The main purpose of this work is to demonstrate the adaptability of this route to the nuclear field.Firstly, a methodology of synthesis from a colloidal sol-gel route was set up on a non-radioactive zirconium-based system in order to characterize and understand of the different mechanisms of this synthesis. Then, studies on shaping, including insertion of porosity, were performed. Zirconia monoliths have been obtained thanks to a coupling between a colloidal sol-gel process and the formation of an emulsion stabilized by clusters of solid particles. Finally, a transposition of this work to an uranium-based system was introduced, pointing out different promising perspectives specially concerning the possibilities of shaping of the final material
Aboulaich, Abdelhay. "Synthèse de nanoparticules d'oxydes et d'oxydes métalliques par sol-gel non-hydrolytique." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20126.
Full textAmorphous and crystalline nanoparticles (SiO2, SiO2-TiO2, TiO2 and SnO2) were prepared by non-hydrolytic sol-gel process. The synthesis is based on non-hydrolytic condensation reactions of metal chlorides MCln with isopropyl ether or tétraisopropoxyde corresponding metal. SiO2 nanoparticles have been used successfully for the preparation of nanocomposite polymer. The synthesized nanoparticles are reactive to nucleophile agent and are successfully used for the preparation of nanostructured layers
Huang, An-Rong. "Synthèse par procédé sol-gel du chromite de lanthane pour éléments chauffants." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20039.
Full textPuy, Guillaume. "Synthèse et caractérisation de phases stationnaires monolithiques de silice pour les techniques séparatives miniaturisées." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10282.
Full textDidier, Benoît. "Synthèse d'un matériau hybride polyimide/silice par voie sol-gel : Etude structure/propriétés." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS022.
Full textThis work consisted to synthesize a hybrid material polyimide/silica by sol-gel process. The preparation of these materials has a problem of compatibility between the phases organic and inorganic. Silica and polymer do not have particular affinity and tend to create strong phase segregation. To avoid this phenomenon several solutions were reported ln the literature, like the use of coupling agent. In our case, we reduced this phenomenon by creating covalent bonds between polyimide and silica. For that, we fixed along the backbone of polyimide some functions alkoxysilanes which are reactive with silica functions. These functions will react with silica during the sol-gel process. We varied various parameters such as the grafting rate between polymer and silica, or catalyst used at the time of the sol-gel process. The continuation of work consisted in studying the various morphologies obtained according to the evolution of the parameters of synthesis. For that, we used various techniques such as the thermogravimetric analysis, the determination of density, the infra-red spectroscopy, or microscopy. This work enabled us to determine the silica rates, the size of the particles within the matrix and their state of dispersion. We also studied the microstructure of our materials per dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. Indeed, different morphologies have various effects on the reinforcement of silica. We thus could identify phenomena of percolation for some of our materials. In a last time, we studied the properties of gas permeation of our materials, in order to draw the great evolutions from the coefficients of permeability and selectivity according to the silica rate and from the rate of grafting between the organic and inorganic phase. We thus showed that the introduction of silica and the grafting of this one with polymer conducted to materials less permeable, but generally more selective
Ciccione, Jeremie. "synthèse de peptides silylés pour la conception de matériaux hybrides." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0018/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the synthesis of hybrid peptides functionalized with one or more silane groups and their use for the preparation of hybrid materials. Two precursors were developed: triethoxysilane and chlorodimethylsilane peptides.The first part of the manuscript deals with the synthesis of triethoxysilylated peptides as ligands of receptors over-expressed in tumor cells. They were used for the multi-functionalization of fluorescent silica nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel process. An original fluorine-NMR method was developped to demonstrate and quantify the efficiency of the grafting. To investigate the tumor targeting ability, the nanoparticles were assayed against different cell lines by flow cytometry. At last, in order to use mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a delivery system, a shell of hybrid peptides, which sequence was chosen as substrate of peptidases, was anchored to the surface. The release of a fluorescent cargo was studied.The last part of the manuscript describes a new class of silicone-containing peptide dimers or polymers obtained by a straightforward polymerization in water using tailored chlorodimethylsilyl peptide blocks as monomeric units. Different architectures were obtained including linear and comb-like polymers.On the contrary of post-functionalization strategies relying on multi-step synthesis, the use of hybrid peptide and sol gel process allows an easy and controlled access to tunable new biomaterials, in soft conditions, with a high versatility
Charbouillot, Yves. "Synthèse par voie sol-gel et propriétés électrochimiques de nouveaux électrolytes solides organosiliciés." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0094.
Full textRingeard, Jean-Marie. "Synthèse de matériaux hybrides par procédé sol-gel : optimisation des interactions biomolécules-matrice." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0684.
Full textThe control of the quality of water resources requires tools for continuous and in-situ detection. In this context, biosensors are interesting in the development of new systems for early detection. For examples we can note the interest in the early detection of bacterial corrosion or the formation of biological species responsible of degenerative diseases.This work proposes the design and implementation of a biosensor for the detection of biological molecules. The realization of this biosensor is based on the deposition of organic/inorganic materials on the surface of a piezoelectric transducer.The first step is the development of innovative functionalized materials for encapsulation of biological species. For this, two approaches have been studied. The first involves the use of an "amino acid" acrylate, the N- acetylglycine (Nagly) for the synthesis of thin film. The second uses an other acrylate, the N- acryloxysuccinimide (NAS) copolymerized with 2- Hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) to form a functionalized hydrogel. The different measures show that in all cases, these networks are interpenetrating and allow the encapsulation of biomolecules.For the detection of these species, a piezoelectric biosensor is developed in the second step. An experimental device, developed in the laboratory, measures and monitors the evolution of the viscoelastic properties of a material in contact with a piezoelectric transducer. Indeed, these characteristics are extracted from an original electric model that take into account simultaneous electrical and mechanical changes in the material. This sensor (transducer and material deposited on the surface) in contact with biomolecules, enables the detection and quantification of these biomolecules.The results show a correlation between the viscous modulus of the biosensor and the concentration of biomolecules in contact. This correlation is a first step in the development of a piezoelectric biosensor for detection and selective quantification of different biological species in solution
Baukens, Isabelle. "Synthèse par voie sol-gel et caractérisation de titanate de baryum dopé n." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212541.
Full textTourrette, Audrey. "Stratégie de synthèse de microsphères composites chitosane-silice pour la libération de principe actif." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20106.
Full textCheikh, Ibrahim Ajfane. "Synthèse des matériaux hybrides organiques inorganiques multifonctionnalisés." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20067/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was focused on the structuration and the functionalization of organic-inorganic hybrid materials by the sol-gel process.The synthesis and characterization of new proton conductive membranes for fuel cell proton exchange membrane (PMFC), was prepared in the first part. Hybrid membranes based on polyethylene glycol highly functionalized with sulfonic acid have been synthesized and characterized through a physicochemical and proton conductivity. They have good mechanical properties, a sufficient chemical stability and a performant proton conductivity to be used as an electrolyte in fuel cell proton exchange membrane.In the second part, we have developed hybrid mesoporous materials with porous multifunctionalized in the presence of surfactant nonionic block copolymer (P123). Two probes were used for this study: the proton exchange capacity and the control of the growth of gold nanoparticles in the pores
Primera, Ferrer Juan. "Synthèse, structure et propriétés de transport des gels composites SiO2-SiO2 : étude expérimentale et simulation." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20157.
Full textMartin-Besnardiere, Julie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanoparticules d'oxydes sous-stoechiométriques : vers des applications dans le domaine de l'énergie." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066519.
Full textThe aim of this work was to propose new nanomaterials based on reduced vanadium, molybdenum or tungsten oxides, with interesting properties for energy storage. In that purpose, 6 different systems were elaborated: MoO2 nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 2 to 100 nm; hierarchical core-shell assemblies based on carbonaceous cores decorated with MoO2 nanoparticles; haggite and duttonite (two vanadium oxyhydroxides) nanoparticles; and finally nanoparticles of two different tungsten bronzes based on two hexagonal structures of WO3, one having been discovered during this work. Each time, the innovation comes from the particles size reduction (up to 10 times smaller), from the texturation of original multi-scale assemblies, or even from the crystal structure, morphology and nature of the exposed faces. The physical and chemical properties of these systems were characterized (cristal structure, morphology, specific surface, optical, electrical and electrochemical properties). Synthesis mechanisms were also investigated. Finally, the differences of electrochemical properties were discussed considering materials characteristics: size of the particles, texturation of active materials, and accessibility of the insertion sites. This work enabled us to evaluate the materials potentialities towards lithium or sodium batteries, and opened new prospects for applications such as catalysis or electrochromic devices
Kaddami, Hamid. "Etude de materiaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques : Relation : Voie de synthèse/gelification/morphologie finale." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0036.
Full textThe aim of this work consists on the elaboration of hybrid organic-inorganic materials based on hydrogenated polybutadiene HPBD and silicone alkoxyde (ƴAPS, ƴiPS and TEOS) according to three different way of synthesis: HPBD/IPDI/yAPS, HPBD/yiPS and HPBD/TEOS. We studied the gelification mode and the final morphology, by modifying the reaction conditions, we conclude : * The variation of the elaboration way leads, in the intermediate step, to the formation of alkoxysilane fonctionnalised macro-monomers. Those macro-monomers are different especially with the hindrance reactive groups. These differences lead to the important gaps in final conversion. * The rheological study of those systems polymerization shows that they have differents mode of gelification. For the system HPBD/ƴiPS, the vitrification of the inorganic rich zones and the gelification of the system occur at the same time, independent of the experimental conditions (amount of catalyst and reaction temperature). In the contrary, the vitrification of the inorganic zone in the case of HPBD/IPDI/ƴAPS system, occurs only for the short gelation times. *The study of the final morphology show that for the all used amount of catalyst, the hybrid organic-inorganic materials H-PBD/ƴiPS and HPBD/TEOS have the same morphologies: small inorganic zones (nanometric) with high functionality/size ratio, in organic matrix. That morphology is the same as that of HPBD/IPDI/ƴAPS system when high amount of catalyst is used. On the contrary, when small amount of catalyst is used, the morphology of HPBD/IPDI/ƴAPS system obtained is different: in addition to the small inorganic zone size, a large size mixed phase with a small functionality/size ratio is formed, leading to a mechanical properties decreases. The formation of the last kind of zone is explained by the partial miscibility of the organic chains and the alkoxysilane entities partially reacted
Cristini-Robbe, Odile. "Synthèse de poudres céramiques conductrices par procédé sol-gel assisté par du Co2 supercritique : étude des caractéristiques morphologiques, structurales et électriques." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20195.
Full textSahel, Mohammed. "Synthèse et caractérisation de conducteurs ioniques Nasicon." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20130.
Full textRaffy, Simon. "Synthèse de métamatériaux acoustiques par voie microfluidique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0135/document.
Full textThis work is dedicated to the synthesis of a new kind of acoustic metamaterials working in the ultrasonic range. The study is based on cavity resonance which can influence physical quantities involved in acoustic wave propagation. For amplifying these resonances, a large phase velocity contrast is required between the matrix and the inclusions.For the ultrasonic range and because of size requirements, the implementation is achieved using microfluidics. First, samples are generated using robotic-assisted emulsification which leads to a very small size polydispersity, around 1%. For these calibrated emulsions, different modes of acoustic resonance are clearly identified. We then generated polydisperse samples on purpose (up to 12%) and correlated the quality factor of the resonances to the size dispersity. Then, in order to enhance the resonance magnitude, silica-based xerogels are synthesized and templated using digital millifluidics. The chemical reaction along with the final xerogel micro-beads (≈ 100 μm radius) are characterized with a large variety of techniques (Raman, rheology, compression and density measurement, BET, SEM...). Acoustic measurements on these systems show that there is a frequency range with a negative acoustic refractive index for a at high enough volume fraction of xerogel particles (20%)
Barros, Anthony. "Luminophores inorganiques sans terre rare pour l'éclairage LEDs : synthèse, caractérisations et évaluation des performances." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22708.
Full textThis PhD work deals with the synthesis and characterization of a rare earth-free inorganic red phosphor of Na2SiF6: Mn4+ formulation. An original synthesis protocol of fluoride matrices A2MF6: Mn4+ (A = Na, K, M = Si, Ti) by a sol-gel process has been developed. This patented and industrializable synthesis allows to obtain compounds with an absolute quantum yield greater than 50% under blue LED excitation. Several structural, microstructural and local probe analyzes have made it possible to precisely characterize the synthesized compounds. The second important part of this work was the design of an aging chamber to follow the evolution of phosphor luminescence properties as a function of time under the combined effect of hydrous, thermal and photonic stress. Measurements, fully automated, allowed us to establish kinetic laws of luminous flux degradation from which maintenance factors (L90, L70, L50, etc. ...) could be determined. Moreover, a degradation mechanism of this family of phosphors has been proposed. Finally, a blue LED lighting prototype incorporating a conversion layer consisting of Na2SiF6: Mn4+ and YAG: Ce3+, Gd3+ phosphors led to very promising characteristics
Belmokaddem, Fatima-Zohra. "Valorisation des hémicelluloses de bois : synthèse de charges papetières." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10294.
Full textVeytizou, Christelle. "Synthèse par le procédé sol-gel, caractérisation, mise en forme et frittage de poudres de zircon." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0066.
Full textThis thesis consist in : - On one hand, synthesize, by sol-gel process, zircon precursor powder, characterize it and study the zircon crystallization. This synthesis route is very easy, zirconyl nitrate and tetraethoxysilane, in stoechiometric quantities, are used as precursors and the mixing is realized in water. After reflux, at 100°C, this solution becomes a colloidal sol, which is precipitated in diluted ammonia solution. The gel formed is filtered, washed with water to eliminate reactionnal rests, then dried to be transformed in zircon precursor powder. This powder, which is amorphous, crystallizes in zircon from 1150°C. Characterizations from sol to zircon powder, via precursor powder, were studied with complementary techniques: Raman spectroscopy, room and high temperatures X-ray diffraction, ATD-ATG, RMN MAS 29Si, nitrogen adsorption-desorption. It resorts of the numerous obtained results that the formation of the zircon, which is initiated in the sol, follows itself from 1000°C by reaction between the amorphous silica and the tetragonal zirconia. This reaction follows a Valensi-Carter kinetic law, controlled by silicon diffusion. - On the other hand, elaborate zircon pieces, essentially, from amorphous precursor powder shaping by uniaxial and isostatic pressing. The sintering conditions were determined by dilatometric analyses. The shrinkage is caused, in first step, by the closing of intragranular porosity which is due to the assembly, probably compact, of spherical particles composed of hydroxyl silica, amorphous zirconia surrounded, or not, by zircon, then, in second step, by the closing of intergranular porosity. It is worth noting, that sample densification isn't complete (95%) because of the competition between crystallization and sintering. Moreover, sintered samples are cracked but cracks' origin isn't exactly explained. Powder morphology and tension developed during shaping and sintering, are probably, in part, responsible
Bouchmella, Karim. "Synthèse par procédé sol-gel non-hydrolytique de catalyseurs oxydes mixtes pour la métathèse d'oléfines." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20088.
Full textThe non-hydrolytic sol-gel synthesis (NHSG) of Re-Si-Al and Mo-Si-Al mixed oxides was proposed as an innovative one step route to heterogeneous olefin metathesis catalysts. Supported molybdenum oxide catalysts are receiving much attention as a result of their relatively low price, robustness and good activity at low temperature. Supported rhenium oxide catalysts are known to be highly active and selective even at room temperature. However, they are expensive and moderately stable because of the sublimation of the rhenium oxide. The NHSG synthesis used in this work is based on the one pot reaction of chloride precursors (ReCl5 or MoCl3, SiCl4, AlCl3) with diisopropylether (iPr2O) at 110 °C in dichloromethane. The simplicity of NHSG makes it attractive: multi-step procedures, expensive precursors, or reactivity modifiers are not needed. The mixed oxide catalysts exhibited well-controlled compositions and mesoporous textures, with high acid site densities. XRD, XPS and ToF-SIMS showed that the catalysts could be described as an amorphous silica-alumina matrix with well-dispersed Re or Mo surface species. In the case of Re-based catalysts, rhenium losses by sublimation during calcination were observed for the silica-rich formulations. The loss of rhenium could however be avoided by increasing the Al content. More importantly we demonstrate that Re sublimation during calcination of silica-rich formulations is suppressed when the whole preparation procedure (synthesis, washing, drying and calcination) is carried out in the absence of water. Particular attention was devoted to the study of the influence of the composition on texture, structure, acidity and surface properties, which were correlated with the catalytic performances. The performance of selected Re-Si-Al and Mo-Si-Al catalysts was evaluated in the metathesis of propene and in the cross-metathesis of ethene and trans-2-butene. The NHSG catalysts were compared to catalysts of similar compositions prepared by other more methods (impregnation, thermal spreading, flame spray pyrolysis). The catalysts prepared by NHSG have a high specific activity in the metathesis reaction
Bodean, Camelia. "Synthèse et caractériasation des membranes microporeuses en silice pour la purification de l'héilium à haute température (HTR)." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20180.
Full textSutrisno, Hari. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'oxyde de titane (TiO2) micro-mésostructuré à dimensionnalité contrôlée (0D, 1D, 2D et 3D)." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2098.
Full textNakouri, Kalthoum. "Synthèse et caractérisation de poudres magnétiques pour aimants nanocomposites." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR098.
Full textThe synthesis of nanocomposite permanent magnets composed of a mixture of a hard magnetic phase, with high coercivity, and of a soft magnetic phase, with high magnetization, is one of the possible paths to obtain new rare earth free permanent magnets materials. In this work, the Fe65Co35 phase has been chosen as the soft phase and the SrFe12O19 phase has been chosen as the hard phase. Nanometric powders have been chemically synthesized, adapting existing processes. Fe65Co35 nanoparticles about 10 nm in size were synthesized by the polyol method, in the presence of RuCl3 as nucleating agent. The synthesis of SrFe12O19 nanoparticles was carried out by a so-called “modified sol-gel” method developed in this work. This method, which consists of calcination in a NaCl matrix, allows obtaining monodomain nanoparticles that are well dispersed and have magnetic properties superior to those obtained by the conventional sol-gel route. The assembly of hard and soft phases was carried out by a so-called "in-situ" method, for which SrFe12O19 nanoparticles are introduced into the reaction medium during the synthesis of the Fe65Co35 nanoparticles. Magnetic exchange coupling was obtained for nanocomposites with 5% and 10% Fe65Co35 phase contents
Ponthieu, Eric. "Synthèse et caractérisation de poudres d'alumine et de nitrure d'aluminium à grains fins." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10084.
Full textLatournerie, Jérôme. "Céramiques nanocomposites SiCO : Synthèse, caractérisation et stabiblité thermique." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0046.
Full textThis work concerns the synthesis and the thermal evolution of polysiloxanes gels obtained by the sol-gel method. The aim of this study is to better understand the effect of the substituting groups bonded to silicon atoms on the cross-linking, ceramic yield and the thermal behaviour at high temperature. Two different types of precursors have been studied : trifonctional compounds RSi(OEt)3 ( where R=CH3, C2H3 and C6H5) and precursors that contained Si-H bonds obtained after polymerization of a mixture of methyldiethoxysilane and triethoxysilane in a variable amount (DhTh 1/1, 1/2 and 1/9). The first chapter concerns the study of hydrolysis and condensation reactions of different precursors by Raman spectroscopy. By following the kinetics of the disappearance of vSiO, we could access the intrinsic reactivity of hydrolysis reaction for of each precursor. These phenomena have been explained by steric, mesomer and inductive effects. In the second chapter, we studied the mechanisms of thermal conversion of polymeric gels into silicon oxycarbide. Thus the chronology of the main processes of mineralization in relation to the nature of the substituting group has been evaluated. The third chapter deals with the structural evolution of Si/C/O systems. We clearly established the importance and the domain of temperature of each reaction, which occurs above 1000°C, in relation to the composition of the materials. Carbothermal reaction has been studied and it shows SiO gas to be an intermediate product
Bouchneb, Kerkoub Maroua. "Synthèse sol-gel non hydrolytique de catalyseurs stables pour l’hydrogénation en phase aqueuse de substrats biosourcés." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS147.
Full textFor a more environmentally friendly process, the hydrogenation of biosourced platform molecules such as succinic acid has to be carried out in the aqueous phase. Considering the harsh reaction conditions (160 °C, 150 bars H2, acid aqueous medium), the design of new, highly stable catalysts is needed. The most active and selective catalysts described for the aqueous phase hydrogenation of succinic acid to 1,4-butanediol are based on palladium promoted by rhenium, impregnated on a TiO2 anatase support. In this thesis, the non-hydrolytic sol-gel process has been used to prepare different oxide and mixed oxide supports based on TiO2 and ZrO2, which are the most stable oxides under hydrothermal conditions. This process allowed the one-step synthesis of high specific surface area mesoporous supports with a controlled crystalline structure and composition. In particular, we showed that it was possible to prepare “promoted supports” (TiO2-Re2O7, TiO2-MoO3, ZrO2-Re2O7, ZrO2-MoO3), incorporating the transition metal promoter, which migrates toward the surface during the calcination. Our hypothesis was that this approach would lead to a better dispersion and possibly a better stability of the promoter, and thus to a more efficient catalyst. The first catalytic tests carried out by our partners at IRCELYON showed that the Pd-based catalysts obtained with our promoted TiO2 supports were more selective and more active than the equivalent catalysts prepared by impregnation from Pd. Then the promoter on a TiO2 support, which seems to validate our initial hypothesis. Catalysis tests on the promoted ZrO2 and ZrO2 substrates are ongoing
Lemonnier, Stéphane. "Synthèse par voie douce d'oxydes polymétalliques incluant des actinides : réactivité et structure de la solution au solide." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066056.
Full textLemarchand, Alex. "Synthèse par chimie douce et étude structurale de nanocristaux d'oxydes métalliques." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0110/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to synthesize small size (~1-3 nm) metal oxide nanocrystals namely titanium dioxide (TiO2), tin dioxide (SnO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), and to study their structure. Syntheses were conducted via non-aqueous or even strictly non-hydrolytic sol-gel methods under kinetic control. The structural characterization was mainly carried out by X-Ray diffraction methods, transmission electronic microscopy and the study of pair distribution functions, obtained by X Ray total scattering, coupled with atomic scale modelling methods. In the case of TiO2, anatase nanocrystals were obtained with sizes ranging between 4 nm and 8 nm. The molar ratio of the oxygen donor with respect to titanium was shown to be an important parameter to control the nanoparticle size. In peculiar conditions we have been able to isolate an intermediate phase characterized by very small sized and poorly crystallized nanoparticles which the structure can be assimilated to a disordered brookite structure. Concerning SnO2, rutile-type nanocrystals were synthesized with sizes ranging between 2 nm and 4 nm. The use of an ether as oxygen donor led to the simultaneous formation of an organic polymeric phase and of primary nanoparticles characterized by an intermediate structure close but still different from the rutile-type structure. Moreover, the use of benzyl-type solvents in the presence of tin tetrachloride led to the formation of water in the system. Lastly, for ZnO, we have shown that using an organic base to induce the formation of the metal oxide network in a methanolic solution of zinc acetate in the presence of a strong complexing agent of the zinc allowed us to obtain wurtzite nanocrystals of ultrasmall sizes around 1 nm. Even for the smallest sizes, the nanoparticles exhibit a structure very close to that of wurtzite with an increasing disorder of the cationic network
Soulé, Samantha. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanomatériaux hybrides de type Au@SiO2 : potentialités dans le domaine de la nanomédecine." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3033/document.
Full textNowadays, in the field of nanomedecine, the major challenge is to design multifunctional nanomaterials in order to improve diagnosis and treatment efficiency. In this context, our work has concerned the conception of hybrid Au@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles combining the photothermal properties of the gold core and the drug delivery function associated with the inorganic porous network. The entrance pore functionalization with gatekeepers leads finally to mecanized nanosystems. The first part of the work has concerned the core material synthesis (hollow gold nanoparticles called « nanoshells ») which has been achieved by a galvanic replacement reaction. The influence of synthesis parameters on the structure, the morphology and on the optical properties has been studied. Moreover, the analysis of a nanoparticle cross-section by XPS and AES has evidenced the formation of a heterogeneous Ag-Au alloy. Then, the growth of a mesoporous silica shell on the metal cores has been conducted leading to Au@SiO2 nanomaterials. After demonstrating the potential of these core-shell nanoparticles for hosting molecules, the nano-objects have been functionalized with supramolecular nanovalves based on a diaminoalkoxysilane (grafted on the silica surface) interacting with a macrocycle. The combination of XPS and NMR allowed us to characterize precisely the functionalization. In a last section, we have been interested in the design of biocompatible systems with the elaboration of a hybrid polymer/silica shell. The in vitro effect and interaction of nanoparticles with HaCaT cells have been studied; the first results have demonstrated a real interest for using poly-L-lysine in these systems. This original study offers new details about the physico-chemical characterization of nanostructured systems which highlights the important role of interfaces in hybrid materials. The perspectives will concern the optimization of the synthesized nanosystems for direct nanomedicine applications
Barbier, Tristan. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux à permittivité colossale." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4001/document.
Full textThe problem of ceramic capacitors with very high performance is recurrent in many areas ofElectrical Energy. It takes all its acuteness in « nomadic » microelectronics (cell phone, tablet, mp3player...) where the circuits must be increasingly miniaturized. These capacitors can take up to50 % of the space on the PCB, reducing their size becomes an imperative. In this context newmaterials with colossal permittivity were discovered, such CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO). The mechanismIBLC (Internal Barrier Layer Capacitance), describing semiconductor grains and insulating grainboundaries can now explain these high permittivities. However, the origin of the semiconductivitygrains and the insulating character of grain boundaries give even controversial. The aim is thus twofold,on one hand to synthesize a material possessing similar dielectric properties to CCTO, and onthe other hand to understand the various mechanisms responsible for these exceptional permittivity.The first part of this thesis presents various characteristics of capacitors uses, it also aims to listthe mechanisms that have been proposed by the scientific community to try to explain the highpermittivity of CCTO. The second part presents firstly the characterization techniques whichwere used to analyze all the compounds described in this manuscript, with particular emphasison impedance spectroscopy. It presents on the other hand synthesis techniques that have beentried to synthesize a new material with colossal permittivity : Ba4YMn3O11,5±δ. Structural andmicro-structural characterizations of Ba4YMn3O11,5±δ will be discussed in the third part to themanuscript. Finally, the various optimizations that were performed on Ba4YMn3O11,5±δ, to try toimprove the dielectric properties, will be discussed. We detail in this last part substitutions havingbeen made on the site of barium and manganese and the creation of a phase having a differentcation in the present yttrium site and having dielectric properties very interesting also
Le, Strat Valérie. "Réactivité et organisation dans les xérogels hybrides organiques-inorganiques préparés par voie sol-gel." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20012.
Full textDepagne, Christophe. "Synthèse de micro-biocapteurs optiques par déstabilisation colloïdale en micelles inverses." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066159.
Full textBallout, Wael. "Microencapsulation et autoréparation (self-healing) de polymères pour des applications aérospatiales." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30007.
Full textThe aim of this work is self-healing by microencapsulation and incorporation into a polymer coatmg (polyimide, resin. . . ) may undergo degradation. In our study, we focus particularly on the self-healing materials for aerospace applications. The choice of healing agent depends directly of physical conditions in space (maximum temperature : 300 °C solar side, -120 °C dark side, UV radiations 200-400 nm and a low pressure 10[-4] Pa). Our choice is a trimethylolpropane triacrylate monomer. The microcapsules obtained by various encapsulation processes such as polymerization, interfacial polycondensation and sol-gel polymerization have been studied. Spectroscopic (IR : infrared) and thermal (TGA : thermogravimetric analysis) analysis have showed the presence of the healing agent in the synthesized microcapsules, whatever the process used. However, encapsulation by sol-gel polymerization is most adapted. The incorporation of these particles loaded in healing agent in a polyimide coating has the self-repair after damage of the latter. Indeed, the self-healing agent released by mechanical stress was cured after 20 minutes of UV irradiations
Dubois, Géraud. "Elaboration et étude de matériaux hybrides organique-inorganiques monophasés incorporant des motifs chélatants. Application pour la fixation du dioxygène." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20043.
Full textPichon, Benoît. "Etude approfondie de l'auto-organisation de silices hybrides comportant des groupes urées et arômatiques." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20149.
Full textGrignard, Jacques. "Synthèse et étude de matériaux polyalkylétherimides multiphasés pour la perméation gazeuse." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL048N/document.
Full textThe synthesis of polyamic acids (PAA) with oligo-oxyethylene and -oxypropylene rubbery blocks and the related polyimides (PEI) has been studied and their gas permeation properties determined for He, N2, O2, H2, CH4 and CO2. It was shown that the rubbery phase dramatically increased the gas permeability coefficients compared to conventional aromatic polyimides. The permeability of CO2 is preferentially increased in comparison to all other gases, leading to remarkable ideal selectivities, especially for the N2 mixture (≈40). The incorporation of silica nanoparticles in PEI (from 1 to 15 wt%) was carried out during the cyclo-dehydration of the PAA by adding fumed hydrophobic (16 nm) or hydrophilic (12 nm) silica, or by Sol-Gel approach using alkoxysilane precursors (TMOS and TEOS). The effect of SiO2-fillers on the properties of gas permeation has been studied by the time-lag method mainly on the series prepared with fumed silica. It was observed that nano-particles of silica do not seem to disturb the PAA cyclization process and that the mechanical properties are improved; the gas permeability varies essentially depending on the amount of fillers incorporated but no spectacular increase in permeability could be shown due to the nano-particles amounts. Apparently, it can be deduced that it is the rubbery phase which accommodates the SiO2 particles. These results showed the value of PEI and PEI/SiO2 membranes in industrial applications of gas separation, especially for the separation of CO2/N2 mixtures
Rosset, Aurelie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanoparticules catalytiques pour une application en photocatalyse solaire." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0014/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the development and optimization of a doped and undoped panel of catalysts for the treatment of waste water based on an Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP), solar heterogeneous photocatalysis. This tertiary process for bio-recalcitrant organic molecules clean up is limited by the catalysts absorption in the UV range which represent only 5 % of the solar spectrum received on the earth surface. The aim is to compare photocatalytic efficiency under UV, visible and solar irradiation in order to improve efficiency in the UV range, to develop a catalyst which operates effectively under visible irradiation and to define key parameters governing the photocatalytic activities. In this context, a study is performed on doped or undoped ZnO based catalysts. All of ZnO based catalysts are synthesized by the same process, the sol-gel process under supercritical drying conditions. Structural, morphological, chemical, optical and optoelectronical characterizations is carried out to define their physico-chemical parameters in order to control the synthesis conditions of these catalysts. Doped ZnO also showed an absorption edge shift toward the visible range. Photocatalytic experiments are carried out with a photocatalysis optical bench in the UV, visible and solar range. Particular attention is paid on a model pollutant, pyrimethanil. In parallel, these experiments are coupled to a kinetic model. Nanoparticles of Zn1-xMxO (M : Ca, Al, Li, V, In, Co, P…) showed encouraging photocatalytic activities in the visible range. A correlation is showed between the physico-chemical properties of the catalysts and the radicals production efficiency. Furthermore, an extensive study is done on Zn0,90Ca0,10O. This study reveals the presence of structural defects playing a main role on the photocatalytic activities
Varnier, Olivier. "Synthèse et caractérisation de poudres de spinelle de magnésium et d'oxyde d'erbium par les voies sol-gel." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20032.
Full textArmendariz, Herrera Hector. "Préparation par méthode sol-gel et activation de catalyseurs zircone-sulfate pour l'hydroisomérisation d'alcanes." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20009.
Full textRobles, Manuel Saúl. "Elaboration de solides nanostructurés basiques à base de magnésium ou de terres rares pour la synthèse sélective d' esters de phytostérols." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT2262.
Full textPhytosterols esters are useful compounds for food and cosmetics applications, which can be synthesized by transesterification of sterols. The main objective of this work consists in the preparation of solid catalysts with accurate active sites for selective synthesis of phytosterol esters. Some materials such as: MgO, La2O3-Al2O3 and MgO-Al2O3 were here prepared via soft chemistry methods. From a sol-gel process, mesoporous-like structures were obtained. Some dispersion procedures of "La or Mg" were also studied in order to avoid the surface modification of the supports. The decomposition of precursors in presence of various supports used in the study (Al2O3 or Al(OH)3) were examined (TGA-DTA, XRD, MS) and it is one of the first time that such studies are performed. From this work, it appears that some catalysts increase the initial activity and the phytosterols ester selectivity compared with those of some casual catalysts. These catalysts are stable, easily recycled and reusable, without any changes of the catalytic properties. From Mg(CH3COO)2 (precursor) and Al2O3 sol-gel (support) suitable sites were obtained. Such specific properties may result of surface carbonates formation over both rare earth based catalysts and nanodispersed basic entities (i. E "MgO"). These assumptions were mainly issued from physico-chemical characterization and probe molecules adsorption (progyne) followed by infrared spectroscopy
Dassié, Pierre-Igor. "Vers une approche intégrée de la synthèse et de la mise en forme d'oxydes métalliques par extrusion réactive." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS131/document.
Full textA new one pot method for the synthesis and shaping of nanostructured metal oxides, based on the coupling of sol-gel chemistry and reactive extrusion process, was developed. To our knowledge, no literature is to be found about this topic so this work is situated at the frontier of such chemical systems’s knowledge. First, we worked on the synthesis and shaping of amorphous aluminosilicates with hierarchical porosity (micro/meso/macroporous) and zeolitic feature. Extrudates were obtained, those solids show fine textural properties (specific surface area above 800 m2/g, porous volume above above 0.6 cm3/g). Furthermore, they demonstrate increased acidity properties compared to standard amorphous aluminosilicates. Their catalytic activities were appraised by m-xylene isomerization and methanol dehydration and were found to be actually better than a catalyst with zeolite Y (for an activity calculed at iso-weight). Then we worked on the synthesis and shaping of boehmite (γ-AlOOH). First, we tryed to adapt an aluminium salts based co-precipitation reaction to our process. Afterward, we change the chemical reaction to aluminium alkoxides hydrolysis/condensation (without solvent). This later reaction was especially interesting, both in the validation of the reactive extrusion process (process intensification, thermal integration) as well as in the products textural properties
Maury, Sylvie. "Synthèse de biocatalyseurs par encapsulation d'une lipase de Burkholderia cepacia dans des aérogels de silice." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10218.
Full textDewimille, Ludivine. "Nanocomposites poly(diméthylsiloxane) - silice générée in situ : synthèse, structure et propriétés." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066084.
Full textJabbour, Jihane. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'un matériau hybride organique-inorganique à base d'un époxysilane : application à la réalisation de circuits photoniques." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20057.
Full textVolostnykh, Marina. "Porphyrinylphosphonates : de la synthèse aux matériaux." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK044.
Full textA family of porphyrins bearing the meso-diethoxyphosphoryl group directly attached to the porphyrin macrocycle was prepared in fairly good yields (55-70%) according the Pd-catalyzed coupling of 10-bromo-5,15-diarylporphyrins with diethyl phosphite. Experimental procedures for their complexation with different metal ions (Zn(II), Mg(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II), Ru(II), Pt(II), Ga(III), In(III), Mn(III), Sn(IV)) have been developed. Next, their selective hydrolysis into meso-porphyrinylphosphonic acids or their monoesters has been investigated. Saponification of the diesters proceeds selectively in THF/MeOH mixture at 60 °C affording corresponding monoesters in high yields. To prepare porphyrinylphosphonic acids, the most convenient route is a two-step, one-pot procedure involving the treatment of porphyrins with TMSBr followed by addition of MeOH.The structures of seven complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the solid state, both alkyl and dialkyl porphyrinylphosphonates form supramolecular assemblies through the axial coordination of the phosphoryl oxygen atom of one porphyrin molecule to the metal center of adjacent molecule. The influence of the nature of metal ions and substituents at the tetrapyrrolic macrocycles on the crystal organization was explored and several unusual biomimetic supramolecular systems were obtained. Structural studies of self-assemblies in solution by means of NMR spectroscopy revealed that Sn(IV) complexes with monoester of meso-porphyrinylphosphonic acids form stable dimeric species through M…OP(O)(OEt) binding of two laterally shifted porphyrin molecules.Next, synthetic approaches to hybrid organo-inorganic materials based on porphyrins bearing phosphonate anchoring groups have been investigated. Covalent grafting of Ru(II), Mn(III) and Sn(IV) complexes with porphyrins onto a surface of mesoporous titanium dioxide through phosphonate anchoring group was developed. The catalytic properties of titania-supported Mn(III) porphyrin in the epoxidation of alkenes by molecular oxygen in the presence of isobutiraldehyde was explored. The possibility of catalyst recycling was demonstrated using the oxidation of cyclooctene as a model reaction.Porous molecular hybrid materials based on titanium dioxide and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[p-(diethoxyphosphoryl)phenyl]porphyrins have been also prepared by the sol-gel process in organic solvents. The hybrid material based on the metal free porphyrin change the colour in air due to the protonation of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle by the traces of water