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Journal articles on the topic 'Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Bulatov, Anton, Svetlana Savinova, Ksenia Sergeeva, Marina Stepanenko, and Nina Gerasimova. "Synthesis of new herbicides from the class of sulfonylureas." From Chemistry Towards Technology Step-By-Step 6, no. 2 (2025): 120–26. https://doi.org/10.52957/2782-1900-2025-6-2-120-126.

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The authors first synthesised sulfonylurea derivatives incorporating 6 methyluracil and 1,3,4-thiadiazole fragments with 79-81 % yield. The authors conducted field tests of the obtained compounds to determine their herbicidal activity. As a result, the synthesised compounds exhibit a herbicidal activity (53%) close to that of Rubit (61%) and higher than that of Magnum herbicide (41%).

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2

Wang, Shumin, Na Li, Shibo Han, et al. "Synthesis, Herbicidal Activity, and Molecular Mode of Action Evaluation of Novel Quinazolinone—Phenoxypropionate Hybrids Containing a Diester Moiety." Agronomy 14, no. 9 (2024): 2124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092124.

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To develop aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides with novel structure and improved activity, a total of twenty-eight novel quinazolinone–phenoxypropionate derivatives containing a diester moiety were designed and synthesized. The herbicidal bioassay results in the greenhouse showed that QPEP-I-4 exhibited excellent herbicidal activity against E. crusgalli, D. sanguinalis, S. alterniflora, E. indica, and P. alopecuroides with inhibition rates >80% at a dosage of 150 g ha−1 and displayed higher crop safety to G. hirsutum, G. max, and A. hypogaea than the commercial herbicide quizalofop-p-ethyl.

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3

Chen, Ke, Shumin Wang, Shuyue Fu, et al. "Design, Synthesis, and Herbicidal Activity of Novel 5-Acylbarbituric Acid Derivatives Containing a Pyrimidinedione Moiety." Agronomy 15, no. 4 (2025): 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15040777.

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In continuation of our efforts to identify novel herbicide lead compounds with enhanced activity, a series of eighteen 5-acylbarbituric acid derivatives containing a pyrimidinedione moiety were designed and synthesized. Their herbicidal activities were subsequently evaluated in the greenhouse. Bioassay results demonstrated that most of the newly synthesized compounds exhibited significant herbicidal efficacy at a dosage of 150 g ha−1, with compounds BA-I-2, BA-II-2, BA-III-2, and BA-III-5 achieving complete inhibition of the tested weeds. Further investigation into the herbicidal spectrum reve

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4

Wu, Lei, Yu-Cheng Gu, Yong-Hong Li, Sha Zhou, Zhong-Wen Wang, and Zheng-Ming Li. "Synthesis, Herbicidal Activity, Crop Safety and Soil Degradation of Pyrimidine- and Triazine-Substituted Chlorsulfuron Derivatives." Molecules 27, no. 7 (2022): 2362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072362.

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Chlrosulfuron, a classical sulfonylurea herbicide that exhibits good safety for wheat but causes a certain degree of damage to subsequent corn in a wheat–corn rotation mode, has been suspended field application in China since 2014. Our previous study found that diethylamino-substituted chlorsulfuron derivatives accelerated the degradation rate in soil. In order to obtain sulfonylurea herbicides with good crop safety for both wheat and corn, while maintaining high herbicidal activities, a series of pyrimidine- and triazine-based diethylamino-substituted chlorsulfuron derivatives (W102–W111) wer

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5

Feng, Tong, Qing Liu, Zhi-Yuan Xu, et al. "Design, Synthesis, Herbicidal Activity, and Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Novel 6-(5-Aryl-Substituted-1-Pyrazolyl)-2-Picolinic Acid as Potential Herbicides." Molecules 28, no. 3 (2023): 1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031431.

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Picolinic acid and picolinate compounds are a remarkable class of synthetic auxin herbicides. In recent years, two new picolinate compounds, halauxifen-methyl (ArylexTM active) and florpyrauxifen-benzyl (RinskorTM active), have been launched as novel herbicides. Using their structural skeleton as a template, 33 4-amino-3,5-dicholor-6-(5-aryl-substituted-1-pytazolyl)-2-picolinic acid compounds were designed and synthesized for the discovery of compounds with potent herbicidal activity. The compounds were tested for inhibitory activity against the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana roots, and the re

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6

Cai, Zengfei, Wenliang Zhang, Zhongjie Yan, and Xiaohua Du. "Synthesis of Novel Pyrazole Derivatives Containing Phenylpyridine Moieties with Herbicidal Activity." Molecules 27, no. 19 (2022): 6274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196274.

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To discover new compounds with favorable herbicidal activity, a range of phenylpyridine moiety-containing pyrazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and identified via NMR and HRMS. Their herbicidal activities against six species of weeds were evaluated in a greenhouse via both pre- and post-emergence treatments at 150 g a.i./hm2. The bioassay revealed that a few compounds exhibited moderate herbicidal activities against Digitaria sanguinalis, Abutilon theophrasti, and Setaria viridis in post-emergence treatment. For instance, compounds 6a and 6c demonstrated 50% inhibition activity agai

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7

Ikeguchi, Masahiko, Masahiko Sawaki, Hitoshi Nakayama, Hiroshi Kikugawa, and Hiroshi Yoshii. "Synthesis and herbicidal activity of new oxazinone herbicides with a long-lasting herbicidal activity againstEchinochloa oryzicola." Pest Management Science 60, no. 10 (2004): 981–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.900.

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8

SUNITA, SHARMA, and BHATIA M.S. "Synthesis of 2-Cyano-3-(methoxy-substituted-phenyl)acrylamides as Herbicides." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 68, Nov 1991 (1991): 612–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6136872.

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Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University,Ludhiana-141 004 <em>Manuscript received 14 September 1990,</em><em>revised 23 August 1991, accepted 28 October 1991</em> Synthesis of 2-Cyano-3-(methoxy-substituted-phenyl)acrylamides as Herbicides.  

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9

Gao, Wei, Xiaotian Li, Da Ren, et al. "Design and Synthesis of N-phenyl Phthalimides as Potent Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors." Molecules 24, no. 23 (2019): 4363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234363.

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Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) has been identified as one of the most promising targets for herbicide discovery. A series of novel phthalimide derivatives were designed by molecular docking studies targeting the crystal structure of mitochondrial PPO from tobacco (mtPPO, PDB: 1SEZ) by using Flumioxazin as a lead, after which the derivatives were synthesized and characterized, and their herbicidal activities were subsequently evaluated. The herbicidal bioassay results showed that compounds such as 3a (2-(4-bromo-2,6-difluorophenyl) isoindoline-1,3-dione), 3d (methyl 2-(4-chloro-1,3-dioxoisoin

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10

Wang, Chaochao, Ke Chen, Na Li, et al. "Design, Synthesis, Mode of Action and Herbicidal Evaluation of Quinazolin-4(3H)-one Derivatives Based on Aryloxyphenoxypropionate Motif." Agronomy 12, no. 8 (2022): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081840.

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To discover new acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibiting-based herbicides, twenty-nine novel quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the aryloxyphenoxypropionate motif. The bioassay results showed that most of the target compounds showed better pre-emergent herbicidal activity against monocotyledonous weeds in a greenhouse. Especially, when applied at 375 g ha−1 under pre-emergence conditions, compound QPP-7 displayed excellent herbicidal activity against monocotyledonous weeds (i.e., E. crusgalli, D. sanguinalis, P. alopecuroides, S. viridis, E. indica, A. fa

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11

Wang, Man-Man, Hao Huang, Lei Shu, et al. "Synthesis and herbicidal activities of aryloxyacetic acid derivatives as HPPD inhibitors." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (February 19, 2020): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.25.

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A series of aryloxyacetic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized as 4-hydoxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors. Preliminary bioassay results reveal that these derivatives are promising Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD (AtHPPD) inhibitors, in particular compounds I12 (K i = 0.011 µM) and I23 (K i = 0.012 µM), which exhibit similar activities to that of mesotrione, a commercial HPPD herbicide (K i = 0.013 µM). Furthermore, the newly synthesized compounds show significant greenhouse herbicidal activities against tested weeds at dosages of 150 g ai/ha. In particular, II4 exhibited high

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12

Cai, Zengfei, Wenliang Zhang, Zhongjie Yan та Xiaohua Du. "Synthesis of Novel α-Trifluorothioanisole Derivatives Containing Phenylpyridine Moieties with Herbicidal Activity". Molecules 27, № 18 (2022): 5879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185879.

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To discover novel herbicidal compounds with favorable activity, a range of phenylpyridine-moiety-containing α-trifluorothioanisole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and identified via NMR and HRMS. Preliminary screening of greenhouse-based herbicidal activity revealed that compound 5a exhibited >85% inhibitory activity against broadleaf weeds Amaranthus retroflexus, Abutilon theophrasti, and Eclipta prostrate at 37.5 g a.i./hm2, which was slightly superior to that of fomesafen. The current study suggests that compound 5a could be further optimized as an herbicide candidate to control

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13

Rashmi, Vijay Kumar Juyal, Shweta Chand Thakuri, Aashish Kumar Sagar, Aniruddha Siddhartha, and Viveka Nand. "Synthesis, Characterization, Herbicidal Activities and In silico Studies of Some Highly Functionalized Oxazolone Derivatives." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 28, no. 1 (2025): 814–25. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2025/v28i11936.

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Oxazolones, commonly referred to as azlactones, represent a versatile class of five-membered heterocyclic compounds characterized by the presence of nitrogen and oxygen as heteroatoms. The biological activities of oxazolone are primarily associated with modifications at the C-2 and C-4 positions. These compounds have been widely investigated for their herbicidal properties, which arise from their ability to inhibit specific enzymes essential for plant growth and development, ultimately causing weed suppression and death. A series of highly functionalized oxazolone derivatives were synthesized

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14

Taylor, Wendy S., James E. Powell, Eileen L. Marsilii, and Kathryn J. Leep. "Synthesis and herbicidal activity of some potent bicyclic ether herbicides." Pesticide Science 44, no. 1 (1995): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780440116.

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15

Zhao, Li-Xia, Mao-Jun Jiang, Jia-Jun Hu, et al. "Herbicidal activity and molecular docking study of novel PPO inhibitors." Weed Science 68, no. 6 (2020): 565–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2020.66.

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AbstractProtoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) is an important target for discovering new herbicides that interfere with the synthesis of porphyrin. To discover new PPO inhibitors with improved biological activity, a series of new diphenyl ethers containing tetrahydrophthalimide were designed and synthesized. Among them, J6.1 (IC50 = 4.7 nM) and J6.3 (IC50 = 30.0 nM) show higher maize (Zea mays L.) PPO inhibitory activity than the commercial herbicides oxyfluorfen (IC50 = 117.9 nM) and flumioxazin (IC50 = 157.1 nM). The greenhouse herbicidal activity of J6.3 is comparable to that of oxyfluorfen, and

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16

Parlow, John J., and Robert D. Clark. "Synthesis and herbicidal activity of phenylproparginols." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 42, no. 11 (1994): 2600–2609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00047a043.

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17

Harrington, Philip M., Bijay K. Singh, Iwona T. Szamosi, and Jeffrey H. Birk. "Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Cyperin." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 43, no. 3 (1995): 804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00051a046.

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18

Charlton, James L., Vilayat A. Sayeed, Kevin Koh, Wing Fun Lau, Hoi Kiong Lai, and Allyn R. Bell. "Synthesis and herbicidal activity of xanthones." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 38, no. 8 (1990): 1719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00098a020.

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19

Hashimoto, Masaki, Shinjiro Niwata, Harukazu Fukami, et al. "Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Pyridinyloxyphenoxypropionamides." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 56, no. 9 (1992): 1448–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.56.1448.

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20

Wang, Jing, Huanhuan Dong, Hongmei Zhang, Songlin Dai, Jianxin Jiang, and Zhendong Zhao. "Isopropyl Cresols: Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity." ChemistrySelect 5, no. 4 (2020): 1294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201903550.

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21

Cai, Zengfei, Yangyang Cao та Xiaohua Du. "Synthesis of Novel α-Trifluoroanisole Derivatives Containing Phenylpyridine Moieties with Herbicidal Activity". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, № 19 (2022): 11083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911083.

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To find novel herbicidal compounds with high activity and broad spectrum, a series of phenylpyridine moiety-containing α-trifluoroanisole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and identified via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Greenhouse-based herbicidal activity assays revealed that compound 7a exhibited > 80% inhibitory activity against Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Eclipta prostrate, Digitaria sanguinalis, and Setaria viridis at a dose of 37.5 g a.i./hm2, which was better than fomesafen. Compound 7a further exhibited excell

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22

Zhang, Hongmei, Yuxiang Chen, Shichao Xu, et al. "Design, synthesis, and herbicidal activity of sec-p-menthane-7-amine derivatives as botanical herbicides." RSC Advances 11, no. 44 (2021): 27207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra04910k.

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In this study, a series of novel sec-p-menthane-7-amine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated to be used as efficient botanical herbicides owing to their post-emergence herbicidal activities against barnyard grass and rape.

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23

Praczyk, Marcin, Katarzyna Wielgusz, Witold Stachowiak, Michał Niemczak, and Juliusz Pernak. "Synthesis and efficacy of herbicidal ionic liquids with chlorsulfuron as the anion." Open Chemistry 18, no. 1 (2020): 1282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0165.

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AbstractIn the framework of this research, four new herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) comprising chlorsulfuron as the anion were synthesized and characterized. The new salts with chlorsulfuron contained the following cations: tetramethylammonium, didecyldimethylammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium and cholinium. All products were obtained with high yields exceeding 90% via acid–base reaction or ion exchange reaction, by the use of environment-friendly solvents. The structures of all synthesized HILs were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analyses. Their efficacy against weeds has been studied

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24

SUNITA, SHARMA, та S. BHATIA M. "Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of α Cyanoalkylidene Acetamides". Journal Of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 66, Feb 1989 (1990): 116–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303266.

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Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 <em>Manuscript received 8 March 1988, revised 3 October 1988, accepted 2 November 1988</em> A number of amides have been prepared by the reaction of \(\propto\)-cyanoalkylidene acetic acids with different amines. \(\propto\)-Cyanoalkylidene <em>acetic </em>acids are synthesised by the condensation of cyanoacetic acid with cycloalkanones. These amides have been characterised by their <em>ir, </em>pmr and mass spectral data<strong>.</strong>

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25

Min, Lijing, Wei Liang, Joanna Bajsa-Hirschel, et al. "Synthesis, Herbicidal Activity, Mode of Action, and In Silico Analysis of Novel Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine Compounds." Molecules 28, no. 21 (2023): 7363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28217363.

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Natural products are a main source of new chemical entities for use in drug and pesticide discovery. In order to discover lead compounds with high herbicidal activity, a series of new pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized using 2-chloronicotinic acid as the starting material. Their structures were characterized with 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS, and the herbicidal activities against dicotyledonous lettuce (Lactuca sativa), field mustard (Brassica campestris), monocotyledonous bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were determined. The results in

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26

Yuansheng, Xiao, Liang Xinmiao, Wu Fan, and Wan Boshun. "Parallel synthesis and herbicidal activity of pyrethroid library." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 81, Mar 2004 (2004): 251–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5830604.

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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China <em>E-mail</em>: bswan@dicp.ac.cn          <em>Fax</em>: 86-411-84379260 <em>Manuscript received 11 February 2003, revised 12 August 2003, accepted 4 September 2003</em> A pyridine-containing pyrethroid library of 255 compounds was conveniently constructed using parallel synthesis. The library was screened by high through-put screening (HTS), and further study was focused on the compounds with initial bioactivities. The results suggest that some compou

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27

Cerecetto, Hugo, Eduardo Dias, Rossanna Di Maio, et al. "Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity ofN-Oxide Derivatives." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48, no. 7 (2000): 2995–3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9904766.

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28

Tanaka, Katsunori, Akihiro Takahashi, Nobuhiro Umeda, Hirokazu Yamada, Hiroyuki Adachi, and Takashi Kawana. "Synthesis and herbicidal activity of pyrimidine derivatives." Pesticide Science 55, no. 3 (1999): 370–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199903)55:3<370::aid-ps912>3.0.co;2-f.

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29

Ko, Young Kwan, Dong Wan Koo, Hae Sung Chang, et al. "Synthesis and herbicidal activity of new benzenesulfonylureas." Pesticide Science 55, no. 5 (1999): 576–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199905)55:5<576::aid-ps953>3.0.co;2-t.

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30

Lax, Alan R., Hurley S. Shepherd, and Judson V. Edwards. "Tentoxin, a Chlorosis-Inducing Toxin fromAlternariaas a Potential Herbicide." Weed Technology 2, no. 4 (1988): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00032413.

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The potential for use of compounds isolated from diverse sources, ranging from microbial to higher plants, has received increasing attention. These natural products represent a vast array of chemistries and mechanisms of action often having the requisite specificities to be ideal herbicides. Tentoxin, a cyclic tetrapeptide, has potent chlorosis activity on a variety of weeds of soybean and corn while not affecting these crops. Investigations into this toxin's mechanism suggest several enzyme target sites for the development of herbicidal analogues, each having the inherent specificity of the p

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31

Alam, Mahboob, Youngwon Kim, and Soonheum Park. "Synthesis, characterization (IR, 1H, 13C & 31P NMR), fungicidal, herbicidal and molecular docking evaluation of steroid phosphorus compounds." Open Chemistry 17, no. 1 (2019): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0069.

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AbstractPhosphorus containing steroidal derivatives such as 3β-oxo-[diazaphosphalidine-2’-one] stigmast-5-ene and 3β-oxo-[diazaphosphalidine-2’-one] stigmast-5,22-diene were designed, synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H, 13C & 31P NMR, HRMS) and elemental analysis. The fungicidal and herbicidal studies of the compounds were performed and the experimental outcomes showed that compound 4 showed a good fungicidal activity against mycelium growth of fungi, while in the case of herbicidal activity, both compounds show a moderate activity compared to the commerci

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32

Bellinder, Robin R., Kriton K. Hatzios, and Henry P. Wilson. "Mode of Action Investigations with the Herbicides HOE-39866 and SC-0224." Weed Science 33, no. 6 (1985): 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450008334x.

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In laboratory experiments, the effects of the herbicides HOE-39866 [ammonium (3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-methylphosphinate] and SC-0224 (trimethylsulfonium carboxymethylaminomethylphosphonate) on the incorporation of NaH14CO3, [14C]-leucine, [14C]-uracil, and [14C]-acetate into enzymatically isolated soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Essex’] cells were evaluated to assess the activity of these herbicides on CO2fixation, protein, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and lipid syntheses. At low concentrations neither compound exhibited rapid or distinct inhibitions of any process as might be expected in the case

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33

Huo, Jingqian, Bin Zhao, Zhe Zhang, et al. "Structure-Based Discovery and Synthesis of Potential Transketolase Inhibitors." Molecules 23, no. 9 (2018): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092116.

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Transketolase (TKL) plays a key role in plant photosynthesis and has been predicted to be a potent herbicide target. Homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation were used to construct a target protein model. A target-based virtual screening was developed to discover novel potential transketolase inhibitors. Based on the receptor transketolase 1 and a target-based virtual screening combined with structural similarity, six new compounds were selected from the ZINC database. Among the structural leads, a new compound ZINC12007063 was identified as a novel inhibitor of weeds. Two novel ser

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34

Fu, Ying, Meng-Xia Wang, Dong Zhang, et al. "Design, synthesis, and herbicidal activity of pyrazole benzophenone derivatives." RSC Adv. 7, no. 74 (2017): 46858–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra09858h.

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35

Siehl, Daniel L., Mani V. Subramanian, Eric W. Walters, Jonathan H. Blanding, Thierry Niderman, and Christian Weinmann. "Evaluating anthranilate synthase as a herbicide target." Weed Science 45, no. 5 (1997): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500093243.

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Attempts to discover new active ingredients and target sites within the aromatic pathway have resulted in the synthesis of potent enzyme inhibitors, but no herbicides. As an aid in identifying a new target for inhibitor design and screening, we have determined the mode of action of a compound (6-methyl anthranilate) that exhibits noncommercial levels of herbicidal activity. Our evidence suggests that 6-methyl anthranilate is converted in vivo, by traversing the tryptophan biosynthetic sequence, to 4-methyl tryptophan, which inhibits anthranilate synthase. Inhibitors synthesized by design and t

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36

Ma, Qingsen, Xinghai Liu, Jianquan Weng, et al. "Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of New Pyrazine Derivative." Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry 33, no. 8 (2013): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/cjoc201301061.

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37

HIRAI, Kenji, Tomoyuki YANO, Tomoko MATSUKAWA, Sadayuki UGAI, Shoin NAGATO, and Masahiro HORI. "Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of New Oxazolidinedione Derivatives." Journal of Pesticide Science 24, no. 2 (1999): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.24.156.

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38

YANO, Tomoyuki, Natsuko OKANO, Sadayuki UGAI, Masahiro HORI, and Kenji HIRAI. "Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of New Imidazolidinedione Derivatives." Journal of Pesticide Science 26, no. 1 (2001): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.26.67.

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39

Wu, Hua, Jun-Tao Feng, Kai-Chun Lin, and Xing Zhang. "Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Substituted Pyrazole Isothiocyanates." Molecules 17, no. 10 (2012): 12187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules171012187.

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40

Kawamura, Shinichi, Junichi Sato, Tatsuhiro Hamada, Masaharu Sakaki, and Yuzuru Sanemitsu. "Synthesis and herbicidal activity of some 2,4-diarylpyrimidines." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 41, no. 2 (1993): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00026a030.

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41

KUDO, Noriaki, Satoru FURUTA, Misa TANIGUCHI, Takeshi ENDO, and Kazuo SATO. "Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of 1,5-Diarylpyrazole Derivatives." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 47, no. 6 (1999): 857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.47.857.

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42

Siddall, Thomas L., David G. Ouse, Zoltan L. Benko, et al. "Synthesis and herbicidal activity of phenyl-substituted benzoylpyrazoles." Pest Management Science 58, no. 12 (2002): 1175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.588.

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43

Münster, Peter, Wolfgang Freund, Volker Maywald, et al. "Synthesis and herbicidal activity of isoxazoledicarboxylic acid derivatives." Pesticide Science 44, no. 1 (1995): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780440104.

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44

Parlow, John J., and Martin D. Mahoney. "Synthesis and herbicidal activity of substituted tetrahydronaphthalenes: I." Pesticide Science 44, no. 2 (1995): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780440206.

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Zhou, Yuhan, Yanhui Chen, Weirong Miao, and Jingping Qu. "Synthesis, structures, and herbicidal activity of isoxazole derivatives." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 47, no. 6 (2010): 1310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.475.

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FINN, J., N. QUINN, and B. BUCKMAN. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Pyrrolopyridylimidazolinones." ChemInform 22, no. 30 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199130324.

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SUNITA, SHARMA, and S. BHATIA M. "Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of ∞-Cyanoalkylidene Acetamid es." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 66, Feb 1989 (1989): 116–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5959228.

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Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 <em>Manuscript received 8 March 1988, revised 3 October 1988, accepted 2 November 1988</em> <strong>A </strong><strong>number of amides have been prepared by the reaction of -<strong>\(\propto\)</strong>cyanoalkylidene acetic acids with different amines. \(\propto\)Cyanoalkylidene <em>acetic </em>acids are synthesised by the condensation of cyanoacetic acid with cycloalkanones. These amides have been characterised by their <em>ir, </em>pmr and mass spectral data.</strong>          

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Chen, Shu, Guihua Ren, Dan Pei, et al. "Synthesis and Herbicidal Activities of Novel Thiazole PPO Inhibitors." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 17, no. 2 (2020): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180816666190329221521.

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Background: Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO, EC 1.3.3.4) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and heme, also the target of different types of herbicides. Thiazole compounds shown excellent biological activity, can be designed by using active groups docking for new PPO inhibitors. Objective: The objective of this study was to synthsize a series of aryl thiazole compounds as PPO inhibitors. Methods: In this study, a series of aryl thiazole compounds derivatives 11a-l were obtained from 2- chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid as the starting material via esterification, Iron powder reduction,

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Li, Huiting, Wei Wei, Rongchuan Shi, et al. "Study on Design, Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Novel 4-Amino-6-(5-Aryl-Substituted-1-Pyrazolyl)-3-Chloro-5-Fluoro-2-Picolinic Acids." Molecules 30, no. 5 (2025): 1022. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30051022.

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6-Aryl-2-picolinic acid herbicides are an important subclass of auxin herbicides, characterized by their good absorption and conductivity, broad weed control spectrum, and excellent herbicidal activity against some resistant weeds. Based on previous studies from our group and the distinct characteristics of physico-chemical properties and biological activities of active skeleton structure containing fluorine atoms, this paper introduces the design and synthesis of 41 novel 4-amino-6-(5-aryl-substituted-1-pyrazolyl)-3-chloro-5-fluoro-2-picolinic acid compounds. The test of inhibiting A. thalian

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Ma, Jimei, Mingwei Ma, Linhao Sun, Zhen Zeng, and Hong Jiang. "Synthesis, Herbicidal Evaluation, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Benzophenone Oxime Ether Derivatives." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/435219.

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A novel series of benzophenone oxime ether derivatives with tertiary amine groups were synthesized and their herbicidal activities of 24 compounds againstOryza sativa, Sorghum sudanense, Brassica chinensis, andAmaranthus mangostanusL. were also evaluated. Most of these compounds exhibited significant inhibitory effect on root growth at 20 ppm. Based on the herbicidal activity data, computational Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis and molecular docking were undertaken. CoMFA contour maps were generated for the design of benzophenone oxime ether ana

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