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Journal articles on the topic 'Synthesis from solution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Levytska, Svitlana, Artur Mylin, and Anatoliy Varvarin. "Catalytic Synthesis of Methyl Glycolate from Glyoxal Methanol Solution over Base Catalysts." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 16, no. 4 (2022): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht16.04.515.

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The process of obtaining methyl glycolate from a methanolic solution of glyoxal over solid basic catalysts based on mixed oxides of magnesium, zirconium, and aluminum has been studied. According to obtained results, the selectivity of the methyl glycolate formation increases with increasing the basicity of the catalyst. The most selective coprecipitated MgO-ZrO2 provides almost 100 % methyl glycolate yield. The supported MgO-ZrO2/Al2O3 gives to 95 % yield of methyl glycolate with the formation of the glyoxal dimethyl acetal as a by-product. This catalyst could be reused several consecutive cyc

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2

Krstić, J., N. Vukelić, Zoran Nedić, A. Milutinović-Nikolić, A. Šućurović, and D. Jovanović. "Nickel/Silica Precursor from Sodium Silicate Solution - Synthesis and Characterization." Materials Science Forum 494 (September 2005): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.494.333.

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The aim of this paper was the investigation of the influence of synthesis parameters, as well as the order of synthesis steps, in procedure of chemical precipitation, on the properties of synthesized nickel precursor. The starting materials were always the same aqueous solutions of Ni(NO3)2×6H2O and Mg(NO3)2×6H2O of constant molar ratio, 2% solution of SiO2 in the form of sodium silicate solution (module SiO2/Na2O = 3.0) and 10% solution of Na2CO3, while synthesis steps and addition modes were varied. Complete pH and temperature monitoring was performed during entire synthesis at 90°C. The for

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3

Maslov, V. A., V. V. Voronov, L. D. Iskhakova, E. G. Yarotskaya, and P. P. Fedorov. "Mullite Synthesis from High-Temperature Solution." Inorganic Materials 55, no. 11 (2019): 1151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168519100091.

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4

Cui, Guangzhen, Jianyou Han, Yanqiu Xiao, and Caidong Wang. "Solution region synthesis methodology of planar eight-bar linkage for four specified positions of a 4R chain." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 24 (2020): 4813–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220930052.

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The solution region methodology for solving the problem of four-bar linkage synthesis with four specified positions was extended to solve the problem of eight-bar linkage synthesis. The processes to build solution regions for synthesizing different types of eight-bar linkages are described, and the methods of building solution regions are divided into five types. First, the synthesis equation is derived, and the curve expressed by the synthesis equation is called the solution curve. Second, the process to build the spatial solution regions from the solution curves is detailed, and a new defect

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5

Gao, Xiangxiang, Gang Bian, and Jian Zhu. "Electronics from solution-processed 2D semiconductors." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 41 (2019): 12835–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc03935j.

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6

Poirot, Nathalie, Philippe Boy, Philippe Belleville, and Luc Bianchi. "Synthesis of Scandium Oxide Nanoparticles from Solution." Advances in Science and Technology 62 (October 2010): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.62.70.

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Scandium oxides nanopowders have been synthesized using a sol-gel route. ScOOH nanoparticles have been first prepared in solution using ScCl3, xH2O as precursor. Influence of pH and reflux time on particles size and shape has been studied. Sc2O3 nanoparticles were then obtained after ScOOH sol drying. Sols were characterized by laser granulometry, thermogravimetry and differential analysis (TGA- DSC). Depending on pH, 40 to 1000 nm size ScOOH particles can be obtained. At a given pH, the reflux time duration also influences the ScOOH particles size. The ScOOH sol can be used to prepare highly

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7

Lepot, N., M. K. Van Bael, H. Van den Rul, et al. "Synthesis of ZnO nanorods from aqueous solution." Materials Letters 61, no. 13 (2007): 2624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2006.10.025.

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8

Ruiz, M. T., G. F. de la Fuente, A. Badía та ін. "Solution-based synthesis routes to (Bi1−xPbx)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ". Journal of Materials Research 8, № 6 (1993): 1268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.1268.

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A comparison of several solution syntheses with a solid-state route to the lead-containing high Tc phase of the Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O system has been performed using DSC, TGA, x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, magnetic ac susceptibility, and critical-current measurements. A novel polymer solution synthesis route is shown to yield an increased percentage of the 2223 high Tc phase when sintering is performed at the low temperature end of this phase's stability range. Under the best preparative conditions given in the literature, however, the properties of samples obtained with the different synthe

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9

Naveen, Prasad, Selvaraju Sivamani, Azucena Cuento, and Senthilkumar Pachiyappan. "Chemical route for synthesis of citric acid from orange and grape juices." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, no. 00 (2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq200820025n.

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Citrus fruits contain sufficient citric acid which is a main tricarboxylic acid. The properties of citric acid make it an important additive in various process industries. The aim of this experimental study is to produce citric acid from orange and grape juices. The chemical route for synthesis of citric acid from citrus juices involves three steps: (i) Neutralization to adjust pH (9-11) with 2.8 M NaOH solution, (ii) Addition of CaCl2 solution (40.3-41.1% (w/v)), and (iii) Acidification with H2SO4 solution (1.5-2.3 M) to produce citric acid. In this study, the fruits were peeled, crushed, fil

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10

Mahmoud, M., J. Kraxner, H. Kankova, et al. "Porous Glass Microspheres from Alkali-Activated FiberGlass Waste." Materials 2022, 15, 1043 (January 28, 2022): 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031043.

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Abstract:Fiber glass waste (FGW) was subjected to alkali activation in an aqueous solution withdifferent concentrations of sodium/potassium hydroxide. The activated materials were fed into amethane–oxygen flame with a temperature of around 1600◦C. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmedthe formation of several hydrated compounds, which decomposed upon flame synthesis, leading toporous glass microspheres (PGMs). Pore formation was favored by using highly concentrated activat-ing alkali solutions. The highest homogeneity and yield of PGMs corresponded to the activation with9 M KOH aqueous sol

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11

Yao, Takeshi. "Synthesis of functional ceramic materials from aqueous solutions." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 5 (1998): 1091–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0150.

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Methods for synthesizing ceramic materials from aqueous solutions at ordinary temperature and pressure are advantageous because of the applicability to making films with wide areas and/or complicated shapes with no requirement of vacuum or high temperature, and because of lower cost. Powder of ZrO2 or LnMeO3 (Ln = La, Nd; Me = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) perovskite was dissolved in hydrofluoric acid and a solution of fluoro-complex ions was obtained. Boric acid was added to the solution, the fluoride ions were consumed by the formation of BF4-, and then the fluoro-complex ions were hydrolyzed to ZrO2 or L

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12

Okano, Satoshi, Saeki Yamamuro, and Toshiro Tanaka. "Synthesis of Brookite-Typed Titania from Titanium Chloride Solution." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.285.

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The brookite-phase TiO2 was prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis of titanium chloride solution. The thermolysis time and the pH value of the solution were controlled during the synthesis. X-ray diffraction experiments showed that TiO2 powders partially containing the brookite-phase were successfully obtained. A higher amount of OH- in the reaction solution was found to be important to obtain the brookite phase because the intermediate complex leading to the brookite phase consumes more amount of OH- than other phases like the rutile.

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13

WESTFOLD, STEPHEN J., and DOUGLAS R. SMITH. "Synthesis of efficient constraint-satisfaction programs." Knowledge Engineering Review 16, no. 1 (2001): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888901000029.

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In this paper we describe the framework we have developed in KIDS (Kestrel Interactive Development System) for generating efficient constraint satisfaction programs. We have used KIDS to synthesise global search scheduling programs that have proved to be dramatically faster than other programs running the same data. We focus on the underlying ideas that lead to this efficiency. The key to the efficiency is the reduction of the size of the search space by an effective representation of sets of possible solutions (solution spaces) that allows efficient constraint propagation and pruning at the l

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14

Park, Young-Soo, In-Hee Wui, Woo-Seok Cho, Jin-Ho Kim, and Kwang-Taek Hwang. "Synthesis of boehmite powder from aluminum etching solution." Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology 22, no. 6 (2012): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.6111/jkcgct.2012.22.6.286.

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15

Zhou, Xuan, Ramesh K. Guduru, and Pravansu Mohanty. "Synthesis and characterization of Na0.44MnO2 from solution precursors." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 1, no. 8 (2013): 2757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ta01134h.

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16

Xu, Xiaochun, Weishen Yang, Jie Liu, and Liwu Lin. "Synthesis of NaA zeolite membranes from clear solution." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 43, no. 3 (2001): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-1811(01)00209-8.

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17

Komlev, V. S., I. V. Fadeeva, A. S. Fomin, L. I. Shvorneva, D. Ferro, and S. M. Barinov. "Synthesis of octacalcium phosphate by precipitation from solution." Doklady Chemistry 432, no. 2 (2010): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0012500810060066.

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18

Zhang, S. C., G. L. Messing, W. Huebner, and M. M. Coleman. "Synthesis of YBa2Cu3O7−x fibers from an organic acid solution." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 9 (1990): 1806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.1806.

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A process has been developed for the synthesis of YBa2Cu3O7−x superconducting fibers from an organic acid precursor solution. Through rheology measurements on a series of precursor solutions, the molecular structure was determined and subsequently controlled to allow for fiber drawing. For solutions with a viscosity ⋛10 poise, fibers of 1 to 2 m length and 50 ∼ 100 μm diameter can be hand drawn at ≍80 °C. Processing methods were developed to circumvent deformation of the thermoplastic fibers during heating and to minimize BaCO3 formation during decomposition. Fibers sintered at 850 °C for 1 h

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19

Yun Ming, Liew, Heah Cheng Yong, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, and Kamarudin Hussin. "Synthesis of Alum from Discarded Aluminium Beverage Cans." Key Engineering Materials 660 (August 2015): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.660.284.

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This study provides a chemical process that recycles waste aluminium cans to alum crystals that has plenty applications in industry today. The study was performed with concentrated acidic and alkaline solution containing principal components K+ and SO42- ions. It involved the dissolution of aluminium can in KOH solution, neutralization by H2SO4 solution and cooling crystallization to produce alum crystals. Emphasis was placed on the percentage yield of alum and recovery of aluminium from waste aluminium can to useful product. The result obtained the highest yield of 80% when 1.5M of KOH soluti

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20

Yamaguchi, T., K. Kitajima, E. Sakai, and M. Daimon. "Synthesis and properties of aluminapillared fluorine micas having cation exchangeability." Clay Minerals 38, no. 1 (2003): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855033810077.

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AbstractAlumina-pillared fluorine micas were prepared from synthetic highly layer-charged expandable fluorine mica and polyhydroxoaluminium solutions under different solution loadings (Al mmol in solutions per 1.0 g mica) in order to clarify the effects of solution loading on thermal durability and microporous properties. The intercalated Al content of the pillared micas increased with increased solution loading. The intercalated Al content (i.e. the pillar density) of the pillared micas influenced both the thermal durability and specific surface areas of the pillared micas. The pillared micas

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21

Mahmoud, Mokhtar, Jozef Kraxner, Hana Kaňková, et al. "Porous Glass Microspheres from Alkali-Activated Fiber Glass Waste." Materials 15, no. 3 (2022): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031043.

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Fiber glass waste (FGW) was subjected to alkali activation in an aqueous solution with different concentrations of sodium/potassium hydroxide. The activated materials were fed into a methane–oxygen flame with a temperature of around 1600 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of several hydrated compounds, which decomposed upon flame synthesis, leading to porous glass microspheres (PGMs). Pore formation was favored by using highly concentrated activating alkali solutions. The highest homogeneity and yield of PGMs corresponded to the activation with 9 M KOH aqueous solution.

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22

Cao, Zhiqin, and Chengyang Zuo. "In situ synthesis of chromium carbide nanocomposites from solution combustion synthesis precursors." Journal of Molecular Structure 1175 (January 2019): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.08.008.

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23

Wu, Chang Nian, Qi Ling, Li Wang, et al. "Removal of Methylene Blue from Wastewater Using Zeolite from Fly Ash." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1286.

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Coal fly ash (CFA) was modified by hydrothermal treatment using NaOH solutions for zeolite synthesis. The XRD patterns of zeolite and coal fly ash are presented. The synthesized zeolite was investigated for adsorption of methylene blue（MB）in aqueous solution. It was shown that fly ash and the modified forms could effectively absorb MB. The adsorption isotherm could be described by Freundlich isotherm equations. The pseudo second-order kinetics would be better for fitting the dynamic adsorption of MB.

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24

Mystrioti, Christiana, Nymphodora Papassiopi, and Anthimos Xenidis. "Synthesis of Iron Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications from Hydrometallurgical Liquors." Minerals 12, no. 5 (2022): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12050556.

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Hydrometallurgical leaching solutions are often rich in iron, which was traditionally considered a major impurity. However, iron can be selectively separated and recovered by applying appropriate solvent extraction and stripping techniques, and the resulting solutions can be valorized for the synthesis of high-added-value products, such as magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (mIONPs). The aim of this study was to synthesize high-quality mIONPs from solutions simulating the composition of two alternative stripping processes. The precursor solutions consisted of Fe(II) in an acidic sulfate environ

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25

Mahmood, Zaynab M., Shakir M. Saied, and Mohanad Y. Saleh. "DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT (RELINE) AS CATALYTIC SYSTEM IN SYNTHESIS OF SCHIFF BASES DERIVED FROM GLUCOSE AND DIFFERENT AMINES." Chemical Problems 22, no. 3 (2024): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2024-3-281-289.

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In this work, seven new Schiff bases were obtained in two ways. In method (A), an equimolecular aqueous solution of glucose and an alcoholic solution of amine were refluxed for three hours, and in method (B), a deep eutectic solvent (Reline), prepared from one mole of choline chloride and two moles of urea,was used as catalyst. The reaction yield percentage in the traditional method (A) was found to be 60-79%, and in the catalytic method (Method B) using a deep eutectic solvent (Reline) yield percentage was 88-95%. The deep eutectic solvent catalytic system (Reline) is an environmentally frien

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26

Zhang, Qing, Guijian Liu, Shuchuan Peng, and Chuncai Zhou. "Synthesis of Calcium Silicate Hydrate from Coal Gangue for Cr(VI) and Cu(II) Removal from Aqueous Solution." Molecules 26, no. 20 (2021): 6192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206192.

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Both the accumulation of coal gangue and potentially toxic elements in aqueous solution have caused biological damage to the surrounding ecosystem of the Huainan coal mining field. In this study, coal gangue was used to synthesize calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) to remove Cr(VI) and Cu(II)from aqueous solutions and aqueous solution. The optimum parameters for C-S-H synthesis were 700 °C for 1 h and a Ca/Si molar ratio of 1.0. Quantitative sorption analysis was done at variable temperature, C-S-H dosages, solution pH, initial concentrations of metals, and reaction time. The solution pH was pre

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27

Sozanskyi, M. A., R. R. Huminilovych, V. Ye Stadnik, O. V. Klapchuk, and P. Yo Shapoval. "Chemical Synthesis of ZnSxSe1 – x Solid Solution Films from Aqueous Solutions Containing Sodium Hydroxide." Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics 16, no. 6 (2024): 06014–1. https://doi.org/10.21272/jnep.16(6).06014.

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28

Wu, Chang Nian, Yu Chao Tang, and Li Hua Tang. "Removal of Heavy Metal from Wastewater Using Zeolite from Fly Ash." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2736.

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Coal fly ash (CFA) was modified by hydrothermal treatment using NaOH solutions for zeolite synthesis. The XRD patterns of zeolite and coal fly ash are presented. The synthesized zeolite was investigated for adsorption of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution. It was shown that fly ash and the modified forms could effectively absorb heavy metals. The adsorption isotherm could be described by Freundlich isotherm equations. The pseudo second-order kinetics would be better for fitting the dynamic adsorption of Cu2+ and Cd2+.

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29

de Oliveira, Paulo F. M., Adam A. L. Michalchuk, Julien Marquardt, et al. "Investigating the role of reducing agents on mechanosynthesis of Au nanoparticles." CrystEngComm 22, no. 38 (2020): 6261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce00826e.

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The influence of reducing agents on the mechanochemical synthesis of Au nanoparticles differ significantly from analogous solution syntheses. Environmentally benign mechanochemical syntheses of metal nanoparticles therefore require dedicated studies.

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30

Darezereshki, E., and F. Bakhtiari. "Synthesis and characterization of tenorite (CuO) nanoparticles from smelting furnace dust(SFD)." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 49, no. 1 (2013): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb120411033d.

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Tenorite (CuO) nanoparticles were prepared from a dilute CuSO4 solution. The solution was obtained by leaching (pH=1.5) of smelting furnace dust of Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex, Iran. The recovery of copper from the acidic sulphate solution was carried out by solvent extraction using Lix 984-N. Tenorite nanoparticles were synthesized by direct thermal decomposition of Langite [Cu4(OH)6SO4(H2O)2] as a precursor which was calcinated in air for 2 h at 750?C. The Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy

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31

Stella Ezeuko, Adaora. "Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles Doped with Zinc Cation to Remove Bacteria DNA Harboring Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Aqueous Solution." Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology Open Access 9, no. 1 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/nnoa-16000286.

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This study investigated removing bacteria DNA from an aqueous solution using silica oxide nanoparticles doped with zinc cation (SiO2 @Zn2 + ). The authenticity of the adsorbent was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Adsorption studies involving two operating conditions (time-concentration profile and adsorbent dose) showed increased removal efficiency during the adsorption of bacteria DNA by SiO2 @Zn2 + . Therefore, SiO2 @Zn2 + may be a promising adsorbent that can tackle the consequences of ARGs infected water

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32

Stopić, Srećko, Duško Kostić, Vladimir Damjanović, et al. "Recovery of Titanium and Aluminum from Secondary Waste Solutions via Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis." Metals 15, no. 7 (2025): 701. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15070701.

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The synthesis of oxide nanopowders through ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) represents a sustainable method for producing high-purity, spherical particles tailored for advanced material applications. Recent developments in USP synthesis leverage the continuous transport of aerosols from an ultrasonic generator to a high-temperature furnace, with nanopowders collected efficiently using an electrostatic precipitator. This study explored the use of USP for titanium oxysulfate and aluminum nitrate solutions derived from the aluminum industry, focusing on resource recovery and waste reduction. Tita

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33

Yoon, Ji-hee, Hyun-Woo Kwon, Yeon-tae Yu, Byoung-Gyu Kim, and Gwang-soo Kim. "Synthesis of Uniform Cu Particles from Copper Chloride Solution." Korean Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 4 (2005): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3740/mrsk.2005.15.4.263.

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Sung, Myoung-Seok, Yoon-Bok Lee, Yong-Jin Kim, Young-Seok Kim, and Yang-do Kim. "Sonochemical Synthesis of CdSe Nanoparticles from Mixed Aqueous Solution." Korean Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 3 (2006): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3740/mrsk.2006.16.3.198.

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Kimura, H., R. Tanahashi, H. Y. Zhao, and K. Maiwa. "Synthesis of KNbO3Films from K2NbO3F Solution on Oxide Substrates." Ferroelectrics 403, no. 1 (2010): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150191003744591.

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36

Swain, Akshaya Kumar, and Dhirendra Bahadur. "Facile synthesis of twisted graphene solution from graphite-KCl." RSC Advances 3, no. 42 (2013): 19243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra43793k.

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37

Blanc, P., A. Larbot, and L. Cot. "Hafnia colloidal solution from hydrothermal synthesis and membrane preparation." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 17, no. 2-3 (1997): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(96)00149-5.

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38

Okano, Satoshi, Saeki Yamamuro, and Toshiro Tanaka. "Synthesis of brookite-typed titania from titanium chloride solution." Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences 52, no. 1 (2009): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-009-0024-5.

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39

Yao, Takeshi, Takashi Inui, and Akira Ariyoshi. "Novel Method for Zirconium Oxide Synthesis from Aqueous Solution." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 79, no. 12 (1996): 3329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb08115.x.

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40

Zhong, Li, Yifei Zhang, and Yi Zhang. "Cleaner synthesis of mesoporous alumina from sodium aluminate solution." Green Chemistry 13, no. 9 (2011): 2525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15187h.

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41

Shimizu, Youichi, Yasunori Azuma, and Satoko Michishita. "Sol–gel synthesis of NASICON discs from aqueous solution." Journal of Materials Chemistry 7, no. 8 (1997): 1457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a608364a.

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42

Li, Jie, Wu Li, Xueying Nai, Shaoju Bian, Xin Liu, and Ming Wei. "Synthesis and formation of alumina whiskers from hydrothermal solution." Journal of Materials Science 45, no. 1 (2010): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3913-x.

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43

Takemura, Akio, Bun-Ichiro Tomita, and Hiroshi Mizumachi. "Synthesis of IPN-related materials from solution of polyacrylates." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 32, no. 2 (1986): 3489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070320211.

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44

Zeng, Weiguang, and Bahram Hemmasi. "Solution Synthesis of Phytochelatins, Isopeptides from the Plant Kingdom." Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 1992, no. 4 (1992): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199219920157.

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45

Qian, Weixiang, Yinshuo Yang, Xiaoyan Gong, Zhichao Jin, and Zhuocheng Qu. "On the Solution of Region-Based Straight-Line Mechanism Design Optimization." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (September 28, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3108041.

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A universal design method for synthesis problems of mechanisms that realize the approximate straight-line trajectory is presented in this paper. First, given the expected straight line and prescribed fixed pivots, a general mathematics model with angles as design parameters to determine the initial position of two side links is established, through which all infinite possible straight-line mechanisms are obtained. Then, kinematic constraints are imposed, including type, transmission angle, size, straightness, and defect. All feasible solution mechanisms that meet the constraints are calculated

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46

Lin, Chuen-Sen, and Bao-Ping Jia. "Use of Resultants and the Bernshtein Formula in the Dimensional Synthesis of Linkage Components." Journal of Mechanical Design 116, no. 4 (1994): 1171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919503.

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The applications of resultants and the Bernshtein formula for the dimensional synthesis of linkage components for finite precision positions are discussed. The closed-form solutions, which are derived from systems of polynomials in multiple unknowns by applying resultant theory, are in forms of polynomial equations of a single unknown. For the case of two compatibility equations, the closed form solution is a sixth degree solution polynomial. For the case of three compatibility equations, the solution is a fifty-fourth degree solution polynomial. For each case, the Bernshtein formula is applie

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47

E., A. HASSAN, M. B. BL-SABBAH M., K. BARAKAT A., and R. EBAID A. "Synthesis and Study of Polyacids from Soluble Starch and Chloroacetic Acids." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 63, Sep 1986 (1986): 815–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6298836.

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Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt <em>Manuscript received 24 June 1985, accepted 25 June 1986</em> The optimum conditions for the condensation of soluble starch with sodium salt of monochloroacetic acid in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution are determined. Condensation of soluble starch with sodium salt of di- and tri-chloroacetic acids was carried out under the same optimum conditions found for the former reaction. Higher values of yield, acid number, specific viscosity and consequently degree of substitution are attained upon repeating

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Truttim, Pongsakorn, Suwimol Asavapisit, and Rungroj Piyaphanuwat. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zeolite X from Bituminous Fly Ash and Its Characterization." Chiang Mai Journal of Science 50, no. 5 (2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2023.049.

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The synthesis of zeolite X from bituminous fl y ash (BFA) from the BLCP power plant in Rayong province of Thailand was examined. The initial Si/Al molar ratio of BFA was approximately 2, as determined via X-ray fl uorescence. A stock solution for the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite X was prepared by extracting the Si and Al species from BFA using 3 M NaOH. The Si/Al molar ratio of the stock solution was 18.44. The Si/Al ratio, temperature, ageing time, and concentrations of NaOH and KOH were investigated during the synthesis of zeolite X. QXRD, SEM, and BET were used for the characterization

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49

Gudova, Yuliya D., Vyacheslav I. Kochubey, and Alexander A. Skaptsov. "Reuse of a purified solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide for the synthesis of gold nanorods." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 21, no. 4 (2021): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2021-21-4-391-398.

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We investigate the possibility of reusing CTAB solutions for repeated synthesis of gold nanorods. Three tasks have been solved. The first task is to clean the growth solutions from gold nanorods. The second task is to develop a method using a purified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution for repeated synthesis of gold nanorods with the same optical properties as in the initial synthesis. The third task is to test the possibility of management of the optical properties of nanorods during repeated synthesis. The polydispersity of nanorods has been estimated by form factor using developed math

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BOZGA, GRIGORE, GHEORGHE IVĂNUȘ, and IONUȚ BANU. "An analysis of dimethyl ether synthesis from syngas." Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation 6, no. 3 (2021): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56958/jesi.2021.6.3.4.

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The dimethyl ether (DME) is an environmentally friendly fuel, that can replace succesfully the petroleum Diesel in engines, or the LPG fuel. In the last period, the world production of DME was steadily rising, with annual rates of 5-8%. The actual commercial technologies producing DME are based on the methanol etherification (the two-step process). An important research effort was expensed in last decennia, in the development of technologies transforming directly the synthesis gas into DME, without separation of the intermediary methanol (the direct or one-step process). This work presents dat

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