Relevant bibliographies by topics / Synthesis impurities

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Synthesis impurities'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Synthesis impurities"

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代, 泽琴. "Synthesis of Diacerein Impurities." Hans Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology 10, no. 05 (2020): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjcet.2020.105046.

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Revelle, Larry K., Aaron M. Rutter, and Joe A. Wilson. "Synthesis of Chlorhexidine Digluconate Impurities." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 43, no. 5 (1995): 1299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00053a032.

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Sunil Kumar, I. V., G. S. R. Anjaneyulu, and V. Hima Bindu. "Identification and synthesis of impurities formed during sertindole preparation." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 7 (January 7, 2011): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.5.

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Sertindole (1), an atypical anti-psychotic drug is used for the treatment of schizophrenia. During the laboratory optimization and later during its bulk synthesis the formation of various impurities was observed. The impurities formed were monitored and their structures were tentatively assigned on the basis of their fragmentation patterns in LC-MS. Most of the impurities were synthesized and their assigned constitutions confirmed by co-injection in HPLC. We describe herein the formation, synthesis and characterization of these impurities. Our study will be of immense help to others to obtain
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Krishna, Singamsetty Radha, Mandava Venkata Naga Brahmeshwar Rao, Tirmalaraju Satyanaryana Raju, Vurimidi Himabindu, and Ghanta Mahesh Reddy. "Isolation, Synthesis and Characterization of Rosiglitazone Maleate Impurities." E-Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 3 (2008): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/308724.

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Three unknown impurities in rosiglitazone maleate 1 bulk drug at level below 0.1% (ranging from 0.05 to 0.1%) were detected by simple reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. These impurities were preliminarily identified with LC-MS and characterized by the mass number of the impurities. Different experiments were conducted and finally synthesized and characterized the unknown impurities.
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Rapolu, Rajesh Kumar, Srinivas Areveli, V. V. N. K. V. Prasada Raju, Srinivasu Navuluri, Murthy Chavali, and Naveen Mulakayala. "An Efficient Synthesis of Darunavir Substantially Free from Impurities: Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Impurities." ChemistrySelect 4, no. 14 (2019): 4422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201803825.

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Sethi, Madhuresh Kumar, Vijendra Singh Rawat, Jayaprakash Thirunavukarasu, Rajakrishna Yerramalla, and Anish Kumar. "Synthesis and Characterization of Tolvaptan Impurities." Advances in Chemistry 2014 (July 10, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/471950.

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Twenty-six possible as well as observed impurities during the preparation of Tolvaptan have been identified, prepared, and characterized by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), and mass spectra. Control of these impurities, formed during various stages of Tolvaptan preparation, has been mentioned in this paper.
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Sharma, Yogesh Kumar, Dau Dayal Agarwal, Sudesh Bhure, Sanjay Singh Rathore, Chakravir Rawat, and Rajendranath Mukharjee. "Synthesis, Isolation and Characterization of Process-Related Impurities in Oseltamivir Phosphate." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2012): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/327351.

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Three known impurities in oseltamivir phosphate bulk drug at level 0.1% (ranging from 0.05-0.1%) were detected by gradient reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. These impurities were preliminarily identified by the mass number of the impurities. Different experiments were conducted and finally the known impurities were synthesized and characterized.
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Madasu, Suri Babu, Nagaji Ambabhai Vekariya, M. N. V. D. Hari Kiran, et al. "Synthesis of compounds related to the anti-migraine drug eletriptan hydrobromide." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (August 30, 2012): 1400–1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.162.

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Eletriptan hydrobromide (1) is a selective serotonin (5-HT1) agonist, used for the acute treatment of the headache phase of migraine attacks. During the manufacture of eletriptan hydrobromide the formation of various impurities were observed and identified by LC–MS. To control the formation of these impurities during the preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredients, the structure of the impurities must be known. Major impurities of the eletriptan hydrobromide synthesis were prepared and characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques, i.e., mass spectroscopy, FTIR , 1H NMR, 13C NMR
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Hu, Tianwen, Feipu Yang, Tao Jiang, et al. "Synthesis of Impurities of Pramipexole Dihydrochloride." Organic Process Research & Development 20, no. 11 (2016): 1899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00182.

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Bhise, Nandu Baban, Dhananjay Govind Sathe, Tarur Radhakrishanan, and Raviraj Deore. "Synthesis of Potential Impurities of Bicalutamide." Synthetic Communications 39, no. 9 (2009): 1516–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397910802519208.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Synthesis impurities"

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Corbett, Paul. "The synthesis and utilisation of ionic liquids in the removal of harmful impurities from fuel." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44967.

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The development of a pure and thus efficient fuel is of increasing importance in the use of a finite resource to be environmentally responsible and economically viable. Trace amounts of dissolved sodium has been identified as a suspect leading to the formation of internal diesel injector deposits (IDIDs) which proves problematic by reducing fuel efficiency in high pressure diesel injectors. Zinc contaminants have been identified as suspects leading to nozzle deposit formation and copper contaminants quickly reduce the oxidation stability of diesel fuel. I demonstrate in this research the succe
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Ferreira, Raquel Balestri Heleno. "Linagliptina: desenvolvimento de método indicativo de estabilidade por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e estudos de segurança biológica." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2016. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/xmlui/handle/riu/540.

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Cardoso, Hugo Ananias Inacio 1987. "Síntese, caracterização e cinética de formação do pó de [alfa]-fosfato tricálcico de elevada pureza : Synthesis, characterization and reaction kinetics of high purity [alpha]-tricalcium phosphate." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265904.

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Orientador: Cecilia Amelia de Carvalho Zavaglia<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T20:34:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cardoso_HugoAnaniasInacio_D.pdf: 8008219 bytes, checksum: ac8d13454298a5718b0e0051a87eb944 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014<br>Resumo: O fosfato tricálcico (TCP) é um dos fosfatos de cálcio mais importantes dentre os utilizados como biomateriais devido à sua biocompatibilidade, bioatividade, biorreabsorbilidade e osteocondutividade. A fase ? (?-TCP) se destaca, principalmente, d
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Kasulavada, Santhosh Kumar. "Analysis of Kyrock for Leaching of Impurities in Synthetic Rainwater." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1276.

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Kyrock is a coarse grained sandstone with a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds. Mining of Kyrock is for use in road construction and roofing. Kyrock samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to obtain elemental analysis. High levels of carbon indicate the presence of organic compounds. Analysis of an acid digestion of the samples using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy showed inorganic compounds such as titanium oxide, vanadium oxide along with traces of arsenic. Elemental analysis of samples indicates a percent of carbon, and sulfur with no notable traces
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Johnston, Karl Anthony Andrew. "Experimental and theoretical studies of transition metal impurities in synthetic diamond." Thesis, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392528.

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This thesis is concerned with the properties of transition metals in High Pressure High Temperature synthetic diamond. They have been studied using the following techniques: optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, and a local density approximation code to model various defect centres. Experimental studies of recently-discovered lines, attributed to Co-N complexes in diamond, are presented. Under uniaxial stress, it is found that a zero-phonon line at 2.367 eV has its optical transition from an E- to A_1-ground state at a defect with trigonal symmetry. Another line at 2.135
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Nattrass, Claire. "The crystalline silica conundrum : the effect of impurities on the respiratory toxicity of diatomaceous earth and synthetic cristobalite." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11257/.

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Crystalline silica, in the form of quartz and cristobalite, can cause respiratory diseases, such as silicosis. However, the observed toxicity and pathogenicity of crystalline silica is highly variable. This has been attributed to a number of inherent and external factors, including the presence of impurities that can react with the silica surface. Substitutions of aluminium (Al) for silicon in volcanic cristobalite, and phases occluding its surface, have been hypothesised to decrease its reactivity. Diatomaceous earth (DE), an industrial source of cristobalite exposure, is studied to determine
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ALCARDE, LAIS F. "Estudo de radiomarcação com gálio-68 do inibidor de PSMA baseado em ureia - avaliação comparativa de método automatizado e não automatizado." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26945.

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Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2016-12-22T16:27:41Z No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T16:27:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Os métodos para o diagnóstico clínico de câncer de próstata incluem o toque retal e a dosagem do antígeno prostático específico (PSA). Entretanto, o nível de PSA encontra-se elevado em cerca de 20 a 30% dos casos relacionados a patologias benignas, o que resulta em falsos positivos e leva os pacientes a realização de biópsias desnecessárias. O antígeno de membrana prostático específico (PSMA), ao contrár
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Book chapters on the topic "Synthesis impurities"

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Silva, Monalisa Conceição, Elisa Rennó Carneiro Déster, and Francisco Eduardo de Carvalho Costa. "Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Separation of Impurities." In XXVI Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2119-1_15.

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Autef, A., E. Joussein, G. Gasgnier, and S. Rossignol. "Importance of Metakaolin Impurities for Geopolymer Based Synthesis." In Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118807743.ch1.

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Zu, Chengli, Daniel Knueppel, and Jeff Gilbert. "Workflows for the Structure Elucidation of Impurities in Synthetic Agrochemicals Using Mass Spectrometry." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1334.ch003.

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van Leeuwen, P. W. N. M. "Incubation by Impurities; Dormant States." In Stereoselective Synthesis 1 Stereoselective Reactions of Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-201-00229.

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Mascagni, Paolo. "Purification of large peptides using Chemoselective tags." In Fmoc Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199637256.003.0016.

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In solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), deletion sequences are generated at each addition of amino acid due to non-quantitative coupling reactions. Their concentration increases exponentially with the length of the peptide chain, and after many cycles not only do they represent a large proportion of the crude preparation, but they can also exhibit physicochemical characteristics similar to the target sequence. Thus, these deletion-sequence contaminants present major problems for removal, or even detection. In general, purification of synthetic peptides by conventional chromatography is based on hydrophobicity differences (using RP-HPLC) and charge differences (using ion-exchange chromatography). For short sequences, the use of one or both techniques is in general sufficient to obtain a product with high purity. However, on increasing the number of amino acid residues, the peptide secondary and progressively tertiary and quaternary structures begin to play an important role and the conformation of the largest peptides can decisively affect their retention behaviour. Furthermore, very closely related impurities such as deletion sequences lacking one or few residues can be chromatographically indistinguishable from the target sequence. Therefore, purification of large synthetic peptides is a complex and time-consuming task that requires the use of several separation techniques with the inevitable dramatic reduction in yields of the final material. Permanent termination (capping) of unreacted chains using a large excess of an acylating agent after each coupling step prevents the formation of deletion sequences and generates N-truncated peptides. However, even under these more favourable conditions, separation of the target sequence from chromatographically similar N-capped polypeptides requires extensive purification. If the target sequence could be specifically and transiently labelled so that the resulting product were selectively recognized by a specific stationary phase, then separation from impurities should be facilitated. This chapter deals with such an approach and in particular with the purification of large polypeptides, assembled by solid phase strategy, using lipophilic and biotin-based 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) chromatographic probes. Assuming that the formation of deletion sequences is prevented by capping unreacted chains, a reciprocal strategy can be applied that involves functional protection of all polymer-supported peptide chains that are still growing, with a specially chosen affinity reagent or chromatographic probe.
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Taber, Douglass. "New Methods for Functional Group Conversion." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0008.

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Yujiro Hayashi of Tokyo University of Science and Teruaki Mukaiyama of the Kitasato Institute developed (Chem. Lett. 2008, 37, 592) a reduction-oxidation method for converting primary, secondary (such as 1, with clean inversion) and tertiary alcohols to sulfides. Peter A. Crooks of the University of Kentucky found (Chem. Lett. 2008, 37, 528) that tetrabenzylpyrophosphate 5 was an effective agent for condensing an acid 4 with an amine 6 to give the amide 7. This protocol, that runs in near quantitative yield in an hour at room temperature, with all impurities readily removable by washing with aqueous base and aqueous acid, appears to be well-suited both for scale-up, and for solid-phase synthesis. Balchandra M. Bhanage of the University of Mumbai reported (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 965) the reductive amination of aldehydes, including 8, and ketones to the corresponding amines, using H2 and an inexpensive Fe catalyst. André Charette of the Université de Montréal showed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 18) that the Hantzsch ester 12 , in the presence of Tf2O, reduced amides selectively to amines. Esters, epoxides, ketones, nitriles and alkynes were stable to these conditions. Matthew Tudge of Merck Rahway demonstrated (Tetrahedron Lett . 2008, 49, 1041) that Br2 in DME activated NaBH4 , allowing facile reduction of esters, including the congested diester 14, at ambient temperature. David J. Procter of the University of Manchester made (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 1136) the remarkable observation that six-membered ring lactones such as 16 were reduced to the corresponding diol with SmI2 . Five-membered ring and seven-membered ring lactones were not reduced under these conditions. Bruce H. Lipshutz of the University of California, Santa Barbara devised (Organic Lett . 2008, 10, 289) a convenient and economical procedure for CuH, using Cu and an inexpensive ligand in catalytic amounts, with PMHS as the bulk reductant. The reduction of 18 presumably proceeds by electron transfer, as with dissolving metal reduction, delivering 19 with the more stable trans ring fusion. In the presence of t-BuOH as a proton source, the reduction goes on to the alcohol 20.
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White, Peter D., and Weng C. Chan. "Basic principles." In Fmoc Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199637256.003.0006.

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Construction of a peptide chain on an insoluble solid support has obvious benefits: separation of the intermediate peptides from soluble reagents and solvents can be effected simply by filtration and washing with consequent savings in time and labour over the corresponding operations in solution synthesis; many of the operations are amenable to automation; excess reagents can be employed to help to drive reactions to completion; and physical losses can be minimized as the peptide remains attached to the support throughout the synthesis. This approach does, however, have its attendant limitations. By-products arising from either incomplete reactions, side reactions, or impure reagents will accumulate on the resin during chain assembly and contaminate the final product. The effects on product purity of achieving less than 100% chemical efficiency in every step are illustrated dramatically in Table 1. This has serious implications with regard to product purification as the impurities generated will, by their nature, be very similar to the desired peptide and therefore extremely difficult to remove. Furthermore, the analytical techniques employed for following the progress of reactions in solution are generally not applicable, and recourse must generally be made to simple qualitative colour tests to detect the presence of residual amines on the solid phase. The principles of solid phase synthesis are illustrated in Figure 1. The C-terminal amino acid residue of the target peptide is attached to an insoluble support via its carboxyl group. Any functional groups in amino acid side chains must be masked with permanent protecting groups that are not affected by the reactions conditions employed during peptide chain assembly. The temporary protecting group masking the α-amino group during the initial resin loading is removed. An excess of the second amino acid is introduced, with the carboxy group of this amino acid being activated for amide bond formation through generation of an activated ester or by reaction with a coupling reagent. After coupling, excess reagents are removed by washing and the protecting group removed from the N-terminus of the dipeptide, prior to addition of the third amino acid residue.
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Bamitale Osho, Michael, and Sarafadeen Olateju Kareem. "Prospects of Biocatalyst Purification Enroute Fermentation Processes." In Fermentation - Processes, Benefits and Risks [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97382.

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Biotransformation of broth through fermentation process suffers a major setback when it comes to disintegration of organic substrates by microbial agents for industrial applications. These biocatalysts are in crude/dilute form hence needs to be purified to remove colloidal particles and enzymatic impurities thus enhancing maximum activity. Several contractual procedures of concentrating dilute enzymes and proteins had been reported. Such inorganic materials include ammonium sulphate precipitation; salting, synthetic polyacrylic acid; carboxy-methyl cellulose, tannic acid, edible gum and some organic solvents as precipitants etc. The emergence of organic absorbents such as sodom apple (Calostropis procera) extract, activated charcoal and imarsil had resulted in making significant impact in industrial circle. Various concentrations of these organic extracts have been used as purifying agents on different types of enzyme vis: lipase, amylase, protease, cellulase etc. Purification fold and stability of the enzyme crude form attained unprecedented results.
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Keefer, Robert F. "Fertilizers." In Handbook of Soils for Landscape Architects. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121025.003.0017.

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Fertilizers for soil on which plants grow come in a variety of forms, such as organic, inorganic, single nutrient, double nutrient, complete fertilizer (contains N, P, and K in that order), speciality fertilizers, composts, and manures. Information about each of these forms follows. Most of the N used in fertilizers is derived from a synthetic process developed by Europeans called the “Claude-Haber process.” This process uses nitrogen gas (N2) from the atmosphere along with hydrogen gas (H2) from natural gas in a device where pressure can be increased and temperature can be raised. The reaction is accelerated using an iron catalyst and removing the product (NH3) as it is formed. The Fe catalyst is subject to poisoning from impurities, such as As, Co, P, or S. Anhydrous ammonia has the highest percentage of N and the cheapest per unit of N since no processing is involved. Anhydrous (without water) ammonia is a gas but when compressed changes to a liquid. For application to soils a pressurized tank is required with a device to inject the liquid ammonia into the soil. Upon release of pressure, the liquid changes back to a gas; however, the ammonia gas reacts with the moisture in the soil to form NH4+ that is available for plants. One problem with ammonia is that NH3 gas is toxic to seedlings and growing plants, so must be applied prior to planting. This limits its use for landscape projects. Salt solutions of aqua ammonia are obtained by dissolving ammonia gas, ammonium nitrate, or urea in water. The amount dissolved will vary the concentration of N in the final product. This can be used in landscape projects, but care must be used as this material can salt out and plug up orifices when sprayed onto a soil. There is no real difference between liquid or solid fertilizers, provided the percentage of N is the same. Ammonia Nitrate [NH4NO3] (33.5% N) Ammonium nitrate is formed by ammonia gas reacting with nitric acid: . . . NH3 + HNO3 → NH4NO3 . . . This material is hygroscopic (absorbs water from the air) and requires moisture-proof bags for storage.
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Conference papers on the topic "Synthesis impurities"

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Niti, Seema, and Mukul Gupta. "Role of oxygen impurities in synthesis of iron mononitride thin films." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2017. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5028908.

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Bolotov, Vasiliy Alexandrovich, Serguei Fedorovich Tikhov, Konstantin Radikovich Valeev, Vladimir Timurovich Shamirzaev, and Valentin Nikolaevich Parmon. "SELECTIVE FORMATION OF LINEAR ALPHA-OLEFINS VIA MICROWAVE CATALYTIC CRACKING OF LIQUID STRAIGHT-CHAIN ALKANES." In Ampere 2019. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9894.

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Linear even-carbon-number alpha-olefins (LAO) with four or more carbon atoms are important compounds of high demand in chemical industry as precursors of a wide range of value-added chemicals [1]. LAO are used as co-monomers for polyethylene production, for the production of alcohols (mainly in detergents and plasticizers) and for synthesis of polyalphaolefins (used in synthetic lubricants). Alpha-olefins (C4, C6, C8 and C10) are mainly used to produce poly(vinyl chloride) plasticizers, high-density and linear low-density polyethylene to impart the stress-crack resistance. C10–C14 alpha-olefin
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de Azevedo, S. L. F., C. P. de Melo, and M. D. Coutinho. "Magnetic impurities on (AB/sub 2/)/sub x/, polymeric chains." In International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stsm.1994.834719.

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Demarthon, Romain, Frédéric Marias, Alice Fourcault, and Jean Paul Robert-Arnouil. "Modeling and Design of a High Temperature Chamber Fed by a Plasma Torch for Removal of Tars." In 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7016.

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One way of biomass and/or waste recycling is its thermochemical conversion into combustible gas. Mainly composed of CO,H2 and CH4, the gas may also contain varying amounts of impurities (dust, polluting products, tar or soot). Specifically, there is a tar problem: their high condensation temperature is incompatible with an industrial utilization. They can cause rapid fouling, corrosion and abrasion into turbines or engines. Proposed by EUROPLASMA, the CHO-Power process aims to generate electricity from a mixture of municipal waste and biomass using a fixed bed gasifier with conventional gas tr
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Keesee, Charles L., Eric L. Petersen, Kuiwen Zhang, and Henry J. Curran. "Laminar Flame Speed Measurements of Synthetic Gas Blends With Hydrocarbon Impurities." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42905.

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New Laminar Flame Speed measurements have been taken for a wide range of syngas mixtures containing hydrocarbon impurities. These experiments began with two baseline syngas mixtures. The first of these baseline mixtures was a bio-syngas with a 50/50 H2/CO split, and the second baseline mixture was a coal syngas with a 40/60 H2/CO split. Experiments were conducted over a range of equivalence ratios from ϕ = 0.5 to 3 at initial conditions of 1 atm and 300 K. Upon completion of the baseline experiments, two different hydrocarbons were added to the fuel mixtures at levels ranging from 0.8 to 15% b
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McCormick, John L. "High Temperature Reactor: Driving Force to Convert CO2 to Fuel." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58132.

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The rapidly increasing cost of petroleum products and uncertainty of long-term supply have prompted the U.S. military to aggressively pursue production of alternative fuels (synfuels) such as coal-to-liquids (CTL). U.S. Air Force is particularly active in this effort while the entire military is involved in simultaneously developing fuel specifications for alternative fuels that enable a single fuel for the entire battle space; all ground vehicles, aircraft and fuel cells. By limiting its focus on coal, tar sands and oil shale resources, the military risks violating federal law which requires
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Radulescu, Victorita. "New Solution With Syntheses Inhibitors for the Chemical Cleaning of Organic Pollutants From the Water Supply System Of Generators." In ASME 2021 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2021-64314.

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Abstract In thermal power plants, during the boilers functioning, heterogeneous deposits of substances must often be removed in order to prolong their operation and avoid their deterioration. The nature, type and quantity of deposits depend on the characteristics of the water supply systems and the chemical operating regime. For boilers with high deposits of copper and iron, the utilization of mineral acids for chemical cleaning is not quite effective, because their surfaces may be covered with a metal copper film. Organic impurities in the water supply affect the operation of steam generators
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Islin, J. Alexander, Martin Cerza, and Peter E. Jenkins. "An Experimental Study on the Effects of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) Blends With Diesel #2 and JP5 on the Performance of a Rolls-Royce Model 250-C20B Gas Turbine Engine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22436.

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Abstract:
Fischer-Tropsch fuel is created using a catalyzed reaction in which a blend of carbon monoxide hydrogen gas (syngas) is converted into liquid hydrocarbons over a metal catalyst. The length of the carbon chain completely depends on the reaction parameters (mainly on temperature), empowering the manufacturer to produce different types of fuel. In this experiment, a fuel known as FT8 was created using this method. It is a synthetic form of JP8, a common jet fuel used extensively in the U.S. Navy as well as many commercial applications. This synthetic fuel, unlike conventional Diesel fuels, is col
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Nguyen, Thai Huu, and Qiao Lin. "An Aptamer-Functionalized Microfluidic Platform for Biomolecular Purification and Sensing." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82142.

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Aptamers are oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) that bind to chemical and biological analyte targets via affinity interactions. Through an in vitro synthetic process, aptamers can be developed for an extremely broad spectrum of analytes, such as small molecules, proteins, cells, viruses, and bacteria. Target recognition by aptamers is highly selective, as affinity interactions result in secondary aptamer conformational structures that specifically fit the target. The aptamer-target binding is also reversible and depends strongly on external stimuli such as pH and temperature. The specificity and st
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Reports on the topic "Synthesis impurities"

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BrownJason Fuentes, Raymond. Study of Poly(ether ketone ketone) (PEKK): Outgassing Characteristics and Likely Residual Synthesis Impurities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1643746.

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Marina, Olga A. Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Interactions with Impurities in Synthetic Flue Gas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1476715.

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