Relevant bibliographies by topics / Synthesis of purine nucleotides

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Academic literature on the topic 'Synthesis of purine nucleotides'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 8 September 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Synthesis of purine nucleotides"

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Marutyan, Seda V., Gayane H. Petrosyan, Syuzan A. Marutyan, Liparit A. Navasardyan, and Armen H. Trchounian. "INFLUENCE OF X-RAY AND MICROWAVE RADIATION ON DEAMINATION OF PURINE NUCLEOTIDES IN YEAST CELLS CANDIDA GUILLIERMONDII NP-4." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196202.5894.

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In metabolism of living cells a key role play purine nucleotides which cells can be supplied either by de novo synthesis from lower molecular weight precursors, or by alternate ways of nucleotide synthesis or so-called "nucleotide salvage pathways", which allow reusing of intermediate products of nucleotide metabolism in nucleotide synthesis. This way is important in the post-stress repair period, saving energy and substrates in the repairing cells. Purine nucleotides are allosteric inhibitors of enzymes of nucleotide salvage pathways, therefore the increase in their catabolism leads to a decrease of their amount in the cells, which contributes to the intensive work of the nucleotide salvage pathways and provides substrates for DNA synthesis. Investigation of deamination of purine nucleotides in yeasts Candida guilliermondii NP-4 irradiated with X-rays, millimeter and decimeter electromagnetic waves, as well as after post-radiation incubation of cells has been realized. It has been shown that under the influence of X-ray and microwave irradiation in yeasts, the intensity of deamination of purine nucleotide-polyphosphates - ADP, ATP, GDF and GTP, has changed, which in all probability is an adaptive mechanism in the repair of yeasts after irradiation, provides the work of nucleotide salvage pathways, and can be associated with the metabolism of these compounds.
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Rosiers, Christine Des, Stephan Nees, and Eckehart Gerlach. "Purine metabolism in cultured aortic and coronary endothelial cells." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 67, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o89-002.

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Purine salvage pathways in cultured endothelial cells of macrovascular (pig aorta) and microvascular (guinea pig coronary system) origin were investigated by measuring the incorporation of radioactive purine bases (adenine or hypoxanthine) or nucleosides (adenosine or inosine) into purine nucleotides. These precursors were used at initial extracellular concentrations of 0.1, 5, and 500 μM. In both types of endothelial cells, purine nucleotide synthesis occurred with all four substrates. Aortic endothelial cells salvaged adenine best among purines and nucleosides when applied at 0.1 μM. At 5 and 500 μM, adenosine was the best precursor. In contrast, microvascular endothelial cells from the coronary system used adenosine most efficiently at all concentrations studied. The synthetic capacity of salvage pathways was greater than that of the de novo pathway. As measured using radioactive formate or glycine, de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides was barely detectable in aortic endothelial cells, whereas it readily occurred in coronary endothelial cells. Purine de novo synthesis in coronary endothelial cells was inhibited by physiological concentrations of purine bases and nucleosides, and by ribose or isoproterenol. The isoproterenol-induced inhibition was prevented by the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol. The end product of purine catabolism in aortic endothelial cells was found to be hypoxanthine, whereas coronary endothelial cells degraded hypoxanthine further to xanthine and uric acid, a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase.Key words: purine metabolism, aortic endothelial cells, coronary endothelial cells, β-adrenergic receptor.
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Vettenranta, K., and K. O. Raivio. "Extracellular adenine nucleotides in human trophoblastic purine nucleotide synthesis." Placenta 10, no. 5 (September 1989): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-4004(89)90091-x.

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Saathoff, Miranda, Jack Shireman, Eunus Ali, Cheol Park, Issam Ben-Sahra, and Atique Ahmed. "DRES-09. REGULATORY EFFECTS OF THE CILIARY GTPASE ARL13B ON PURINE METABOLISM IN GBM." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.297.

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Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of adult primary brain cancer. Despite an aggressive treatment regimen – surgical resection, irradiation, and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy – patients’ prognosis is still grim. TMZ acts by methylating purines, specifically at the O6 and N7 positions of guanine, to induce cytotoxic DNA double-strand breaks. We thus wanted to explore how purine metabolism may contribute to TMZ-resistance. In mammalian cells, purine nucleotides can be recycled by the salvage pathway or generated via de novo synthesis. The salvage pathway is energetically inexpensive relative to de novo thus, highly proliferative GBM cells preferentially utilize the salvage pathway. We have shown that salvage synthesis is reduced in response to TMZ (p-value=0.0021), hinting that the cells may utilize de novo to evade therapy induced alkylation of purines. Using immunoprecipitation-mass spectroscopy analysis, we found a novel interaction between the ciliary GTPase ARL13B and IMPDH2, the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis. We have shown that this interaction, occurring at the C-terminal domain of ARL13B, plays a significant role in the regulation of purine biosynthesis as abolishing it through ARL13B knockdown reduced flux through de novo (p-value< 0.0001) synthesis as measured by the specific activity of IMPDH2. Further, the lentiviral-mediated rescue of ARL13B brings IMPDH2 activity back to basal levels (p< 0.0001). Given its canonical function as a GTPase, we hypothesize that ARL13B acts as a novel regulator of de novo synthesis by sequestering GDP, allowing IMPDH2 to sense and respond to the cytosolic levels of guanine nucleotides. Without ARL13B the de novo pathway is halted, forcing the cells to rely on salvage to replenish nucleotide pools. Reliance on this pathway in the presence of TMZ causes cells to incorporate damaged nucleotides as a result of the drug’s alkylating action leading to the increased therapeutic efficacy of TMZ.
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Arabadjis, P. G., P. C. Tullson, and R. L. Terjung. "Purine nucleoside formation in rat skeletal muscle fiber types." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 264, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): C1246—C1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1993.264.5.c1246.

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To determine the capacity for purine nucleotide degradation among skeletal muscle fiber types, we established energy-depleted conditions in muscles of the rat hindlimb by inducing muscle contraction during ischemia. After 5, 10, 15, or 20 min of ischemic contractions, representative muscle sections were freeze-clamped and analyzed for purine nucleotides, nucleosides, and bases. Fast-twitch muscle sections accumulated about fourfold more IMP than the slow-twitch red soleus muscle. Inosine begins to accumulate at < 0.5 mumol/g IMP in slow-twitch muscle and at approximately 2 mumol/g IMP in fast-twitch muscle. This suggests that inosine is formed intracellularly by 5'-nucleotidase acting on IMP and that the activity and/or substrate affinity of the 5'-nucleotidase present in slow-twitch muscle may be higher than in fast-twitch muscle. At similar concentrations of precursor IMP, slow-twitch muscle has a greater capacity for purine nucleoside formation and should be more dependent on salvage and de novo synthesis of purine for the maintenance of muscle adenine nucleotides. Fast-twitch muscles are better able to retain IMP for subsequent reamination due to their lower capacity to degrade IMP to inosine.
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Kim, Seohyun Chris, Derek K. O’Flaherty, Lijun Zhou, Victor S. Lelyveld, and Jack W. Szostak. "Inosine, but none of the 8-oxo-purines, is a plausible component of a primordial version of RNA." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 52 (December 3, 2018): 13318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1814367115.

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The emergence of primordial RNA-based life would have required the abiotic synthesis of nucleotides, and their participation in nonenzymatic RNA replication. Although considerable progress has been made toward potentially prebiotic syntheses of the pyrimidine nucleotides (C and U) and their 2-thio variants, efficient routes to the canonical purine nucleotides (A and G) remain elusive. Reported syntheses are low yielding and generate a large number of undesired side products. Recently, a potentially prebiotic pathway to 8-oxo-adenosine and 8-oxo-inosine has been demonstrated, raising the question of the suitability of the 8-oxo-purines as substrates for prebiotic RNA replication. Here we show that the 8-oxo-purine nucleotides are poor substrates for nonenzymatic RNA primer extension, both as activated monomers and when present in the template strand; their presence at the end of a primer also strongly reduces the rate and fidelity of primer extension. To provide a proper comparison with 8-oxo-inosine, we also examined primer extension reactions with inosine, and found that inosine exhibits surprisingly rapid and accurate nonenzymatic RNA copying. We propose that inosine, which can be derived from adenosine by deamination, could have acted as a surrogate for G in the earliest stages of the emergence of life.
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Mendz, G. L., B. M. Jimenez, S. L. Hazell, A. M. Gero, and W. J. O'Sullivan. "Salvage synthesis of purine nucleotides by Helicobacter pylori." Journal of Applied Bacteriology 77, no. 6 (December 1994): 674–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb02818.x.

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Brault, Jeffrey J., and Ronald L. Terjung. "Purine salvage to adenine nucleotides in different skeletal muscle fiber types." Journal of Applied Physiology 91, no. 1 (July 1, 2001): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.1.231.

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Rates of purine salvage of adenine and hypoxanthine into the adenine nucleotide (AdN) pool of the different skeletal muscle phenotype sections of the rat were measured using an isolated perfused hindlimb preparation. Tissue adenine and hypoxanthine concentrations and specific activities were controlled over a broad range of purine concentrations, ranging from 3 to 100 times normal, by employing an isolated rat hindlimb preparation perfused at a high flow rate. Incorporation of [3H]adenine or [3H]hypoxanthine into the AdN pool was not meaningfully influenced by tissue purine concentration over the range evaluated (∼0.10–1.6 μmol/g). Purine salvage rates were greater ( P < 0.05) for adenine than for hypoxanthine (35–55 and 20–30 nmol · h−1 · g−1, respectively) and moderately different ( P < 0.05) among fiber types. The low-oxidative fast-twitch white muscle section exhibited relatively low rates of purine salvage that were ∼65% of rates in the high-oxidative fast-twitch red section of the gastrocnemius. The soleus muscle, characterized by slow-twitch red fibers, exhibited a high rate of adenine salvage but a low rate of hypoxanthine salvage. Addition of ribose to the perfusion medium increased salvage of adenine (up to 3- to 6-fold, P < 0.001) and hypoxanthine (up to 6- to 8-fold, P < 0.001), depending on fiber type, over a range of concentrations up to 10 mM. This is consistent with tissue 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate being rate limiting for purine salvage. Purine salvage is favored over de novo synthesis, inasmuch as delivery of adenine to the muscle decreased ( P < 0.005) de novo synthesis of AdN. Providing ribose did not alter this preference of purine salvage pathway over de novo synthesis of AdN. In the absence of ribose supplementation, purine salvage rates are relatively low, especially compared with the AdN pool size in skeletal muscle.
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Kartha, S., and F. G. Toback. "Purine nucleotides stimulate DNA synthesis in kidney epithelial cells in culture." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 249, no. 6 (December 1, 1985): F967—F972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1985.249.6.f967.

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Adenine nucleotides infused into animals with acute renal failure appear to enhance recovery of kidney function and structure. To determine whether these compounds could act by a direct effect on renal cell metabolism, their capacity to stimulate DNA synthesis was evaluated in cultures of monkey kidney epithelial cells (BSC-1 line). AMP and ADP enhanced DNA synthesis by threefold more than was previously observed with other mitogens for these cells. Guanosine and inosine and their nucleotides and adenosine and ATP were also mitogenic but to a lesser extent, whereas pyrimidine derivatives were ineffective. In the presence of AMP, autoradiography of [3H]thymidine-labeled cells indicated that a greater number of cells entered the S phase of the cell cycle, and assessment of cell number revealed increased multiplication. The mitogenic effect of adenine nucleotides was not reproduced by agents that raise the cellular content of cAMP and was serum independent. Adenine nucleotides did not alter DNA synthesis when added to cultures of mouse fibroblasts. These results indicate that provision of exogenous purine nucleosides and nucleotides stimulate DNA synthesis in renal epithelial cells in culture.
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YEGUTKIN, Gennady G., Tiina HENTTINEN, Sergei S. SAMBURSKI, Jozef SPYCHALA, and Sirpa JALKANEN. "The evidence for two opposite, ATP-generating and ATP-consuming, extracellular pathways on endothelial and lymphoid cells." Biochemical Journal 367, no. 1 (October 1, 2002): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20020439.

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Extracellular purines are important signalling molecules in the vasculature that are regulated by a network of cell surface ectoenzymes. By using human endothelial cells and normal and leukaemic lymphocytes as enzyme sources, we identified the following purine-converting ectoenzymes: (1) ecto-nucleotidases, NTP diphosphohydrolase/CD39 (EC 3.6.1.5) and ecto-5′-nucleotidase/CD73 (EC 3.1.3.5); (2) ecto-nucleotide kinases, adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (EC 2.7.4.6); (3) ecto-adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4). Evidence for this was obtained by using enzyme assays with 3H-labelled nucleotides and adenosine as substrates, direct evaluation of γ-phosphate transfer from [γ-32P]ATP to AMP/NDP, and bioluminescent measurement of extracellular ATP synthesis. In addition, incorporation of radioactivity into an approx. 20kDa surface protein was observed following incubation of Namalwa B cells with [γ-32P]ATP. Thus two opposite, ATP-generating and ATP-consuming, pathways coexist on the cell surface, where basal ATP release, re-synthesis of high-energy phosphoryls, and selective ecto-protein phosphorylation are counteracted by stepwise nucleotide breakdown with subsequent adenosine inactivation. The comparative measurements of enzymic activities indicated the predominance of the nucleotide-inactivating pathway via ecto-nucleotidase reactions on the endothelial cells. The lymphocytes are characterized by counteracting ATP-regenerating/adenosine-eliminating phenotypes, thus allowing them to avoid the lymphotoxic effects of adenosine and maintain surrounding ATP at a steady-state level. These results are in agreement with divergent effects of ATP and adenosine on endothelial function and haemostasis, and provide a novel regulatory mechanism of local agonist availability for nucleotide- or nucleoside-selective receptors within the vasculature.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Synthesis of purine nucleotides"

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Anderson, Crystal Annette. "Reactivity of Re₂(CH₃COO)₂Cl₄·2H₂O with purine DNA dinucleotides." Scholarly Commons, 2005. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/603.

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Covalent binding of dinuclear metal carboxylate compounds to purine DNA nucleobases has been shown to be a source of anticancer activity, and has resulted in intense research to understand the coordination of metal complexes to DNA. This investigation focuses on the formation of dirhenium metal:dinucleotide complexes of purine nucleobases. To our knowledge, complexes formed by the reaction of dinuclear rhenium metal compounds with dinucleotides have not been reported in the literature.
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Zhong, Minghong. "N9 Alkylation and Glycosylation of Purines; A Practical Synthesis of 2-Chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd433.pdf.

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Barbosa, Sara Isabel Cadinha. "Compostos que interferem no metabolismo dos purina- e pirimidina-nucleótidos: utilização como agentes terapêuticos." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5160.

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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas
O conteúdo deste trabalho será desenvolvido em dois temas principais, um referente à utilização de compostos que interferem no metabolismo dos purina- e pirimidinanucleótidos como agentes antineoplásicos e outro referente à sua utilização como agentes antivirais. A síntese dos nucleótidos envolve a construção de ácidos nucleicos e a inserção dos derivados de nucleótidos noutras vias bioquímicas, sendo responsável por inúmeras funções do metabolismo celular. Existem patologias que envolvem enzimas essenciais do metabolismo dos nucleótidos, o que levou à síntese de novos fármacos. As doenças oncológicas continuam a matar milhares de pessoas e um tratamento eficaz e com sucesso tem sido um desafio. O mesmo se passa com algumas infeções virais, nomeadamente infeções provocadas pelo HIV. Para contornar os obstáculos enfrentados na terapia destas doenças têm sido usados análogos de nucleótidos e/ou nucleósidos como agentes terapêuticos. Estes têm o propósito de inibir a síntese de novo dos nucleótidos em determinadas etapas, estando envolvidos na replicação e síntese do RNA e DNA nas células em divisão. Atuam por inibição específica de enzimas no metabolismo dos nucleótidos/nucleósidos ou ainda por incorporação no DNA ou no RNA. This study will be developed into two main subjects; one related to the use of compounds which interfere with the metabolism of purine- and pyrimidine- nucleotides as antineoplastic agents; another related to their use as antiviral agents. The nucleotides’ synthesis involves the construction of nucleic acids and the introduction of the nucleotides’ derivatives into other biochemical pathways and it is responsible for numerous functions of cellular metabolism. There are pathologies involving key enzymes from the nucleotides’ metabolism, which led to the synthesis of new drugs. Cancer is a disease that continues killing thousands of people, an effective and successful treatment has been a challenge. The same happens with some viral infections, mainly infections caused by HIV. To overcome the obstacles faced in the therapy of these diseases it has been used nucleotide and/or nucleoside analogues as therapeutic agents. These agents have the purpose of inhibiting the de novo nucleotide synthesis in certain steps, by being involved in RNA and DNA replication and synthesis in dividing cells. They act by specific enzymes inhibition in nucleotide/nucleoside metabolism and by incorporation into DNA or RNA.
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Frame, Andrew Scott. "The synthesis of some imidazole nucleosides as potential inhibitors of de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386384.

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Rayala, Ramanjaneyulu. "Design and Synthesis of Novel Nucleoside Analogues: Oxidative and Reductive Approaches toward Synthesis of 2'-Fluoro Pyrimidine Nucleosides." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2172.

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Fluorinated nucleosides, especially the analogues with fluorine atom(s) in the ribose ring, have been known to exert potent biological activities. The first part of this dissertation was aimed at developing oxidative desulfurization-fluorination and reductive desulfonylation-fluorination methodologies toward the synthesis of 2'-mono and/or 2',2'-difluoro pyrimidine nucleosides from the corresponding 2'-arylthiopyrimidine precursors. Novel oxidative desulfurization-difluorination methodology was developed for the synthesis of α,α-difluorinted esters from the corresponding α-arylthio esters, wherein the arylthio group is present on a secondary internal carbon. For the reductive desulfonylation studies, cyclic voltammetry was utilized to measure the reduction potentials at which the sulfone moiety of substrates can be cleaved. The 5-bromo pyrimidine nucleosides and 8-bromo purine nucleosides act as crucial intermediates in various synthetic transformations. The second part of the present dissertation was designed to develop a novel bromination methodology using 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBH). Various protected and deprotected pyrimidine and purine nucleosides were converted to their respective C5 and C8 brominated counterparts using DBH. The effect of Lewis acids, solvents, and temperature on the efficiency of bromination was studied. Also, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) or DBH offered a convenient access to 8-bromotoyocamycin and 8-bromosangivamycin. Third part of this research work focuses on the design and synthesis of 6-N-benzylated derivatives of 7-deazapurine nucleoside antibiotics, such as tubercidin, sangivamycin and toyocamycin. Target molecules were synthesized by two methods. First method involves treatment of 7-deazapurine substrates with benzylbromide followed by dimethylamine-promoted Dimroth rearrangement. The second method employs fluoro-diazotization followed by SNAr displacement of the 6-fluoro group by a benzylamine. The 6-N-benzylated 7-deazapurine nucleosides showed type-specific inhibition of cancer cell proliferation at micromolar concentrations and weak inhibition of human equilibrative nucleoside transport protein (hENT1). In the fourth part of this dissertation, syntheses of C7 or C8 modified 7-deazapurine nucleosides, which might exhibit fluorescent properties, were undertaken. 8-Azidotoyocamycin was synthesized by treatment of 8-bromotoyocamycin with sodium azide. Strain promoted click chemistry of 8-azidotoyocamycin with cyclooctynes gave the corresponding 8-triazolyl derivatives. Alternatively, 7-benzotriazolyl tubercidin was synthesized by iodine catalyzed CH arylation of tubercidin with benzotriazole.
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Payne, Tiffany Anne. "Analysis of dirhenium carboxylate : purine dinucleotide adducts." Scholarly Commons, 2006. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/629.

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The discovery of cisplatin, cis-[pt(NH3)2Cl2], as an anticancer agent in 1969 by Rosenbert and his colleagues sparked interest in the area of metal complexes as chemotherapeutic agents. Anticancer dimetal complexes such as Re2(O2CCH2CH3)2Br4·2H2O are proposed to prevent replication of cancel cells by coordinating to the purine nucleobases in DNA. To investigate the interaction between dimetal compounds and DNA, dirhenium complexes coordinated to purine dinucleotides were isolated and analyzed. LC/MS, HPLC, 1H NMR, and UV-Visible spectroscopy were used to characterized complexes of Re2(O2CR)2X4·2H2O (R = CH3, CH2CH3; X= Cl, Br) with the purine dinucleotides dApG and dGpG. HPLC, UV-Vis, and 1H NMR are used to investigate the aquation of Re2(O2C2H3)2Cl4μ2H2O which may contribute to its biological activity. Upon reaction of Re22C2H3)2Cl4μ2H2O with dApG or dGpG, the intact dirhenium:dinucleotide complex is observed by LC/MS after two days. In both of these reactions, dirhenium:GMP complexes are also observes. 1H NMR studies show the appearance of new resonances in the aromatic region that cannot be attributed to starting material or hydrolyzed DNA fragments. These resonances are proposed to result from the formation of dirhenium:dinucleotide complexes. Additionally, MS spectra support the conclusion that a complex between the dinuclear rhenium complex and the purine dinucleotides of dApG and dGpG is formed after two days. A dirhenium:nucleotide product is also formed as a result of the dinucleotide hydrolysis.
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Chen, Xue Bin. "Excretion of purine derivatives by sheep and cattle and its use for the estimation of absorbed microbial protein." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=128449.

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The nucleic acids digested by ruminants are essentially of microbial origin. Absorbed purines are extensively degraded and excreted in urine as allantoin, uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine. The measurement of the urinary purine derivatives could be used to estimate the uptake of purines and hence that of microbial protein. 1) Automated methods for measurements of purine derivatives were improved. A HPLC method for determining total adenine and guanine was used to measure the purine contents of mixed rumen bacteria and the digestibility of microbial purines in sheep. 2) Endogenous excretions of purine derivatives by sheep and cattle of different physiological states were measured using animals nourished by intragastric infusions of VFA and casein. The species difference in and the effects of changes in protein supply on the endogenous excretion were studied. 3) A microbial nucleic acid extract was infused into the abomasum of lambs at 6 levels. The subsequent urinary excretion of purine derivatives was examined. The results suggested that exogenous purines were utilised by the sheep. A model is proposed to describe the relationship between purine derivative excretion and purine uptake. 4) Allantoin was infused intravenously to sheep and the changes in plasma concentration, nephric tubular re-absorption and urinary excretion of allantoin were studied. Results showed that plasma allantoin was rapidly removed and a constant proportion of the allantoin entering the blood was excreted in urine of sheep. 5) Secretion of allantoin and uric acid into the gut via saliva was quantified in sheep. The possible decomposition of the allantoin in the rumen by microbes in the rumen fluid and in the rumen wall of sheep was examined in vitro and in vivo. Allantoin infused into the rumen or abomasum of sheep and cattle was not recovered in urine. 6) A model for calculation of microbial protein available to sheep is proposed. It is suggested that a different model should be used for cattle. These models were applied in two feeding experiments with sheep and steers.
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Lemin, David. "Synthèse d'analogues des ligands naturels de récepteurs nicotiniques et purinergiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211158.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’étude de la relation structure-activité d’analogues de ligands naturels de récepteurs nicotiniques et purinergiques. Ce travail se divise en deux parties.

Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous avons réalisé la synthèse d’analogues de la 11-homosédinone, alcaloïde isolé de la plante Sedum acre, qui présente une activité agoniste sur différents récepteurs nicotiniques du système nerveux central. Les différents analogues ont été synthétisé par application de la méthoxylation anodique pour introduire succesivement deux substituants en postion 2 et 6 d’un noyau pipéridinique. Les analogues synthétisés se différencient par la nature du noyau aromatique, la présence d’un groupement méthyle sur l’atome d’azote de la pipéridine et l’oxydation du sustituant en position 2. Ce travail a notamment permis de montré l’importance du groupement N-méthyle vis-à-vis de l’activité des analogues. Nous avons également pu mettre en évidence que l’introduction d’un halogène sur le noyau aromatique diminuait l’activité de l’analogue sur le récepteur a7 tout en augmentant l’acitivité sur le récepteur a4b2 et que l’introduction d’un noyau furanique permettait d’augmenter la sélectivité vis-à-vis du récepteur a4b2 tandis que l’introduction sur le noyau aromatique d’un groupement nitro ou méthoxy conduit à une perte totale de l’activité.

Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, nous avons réalisé la synthèse d’analogues de la dATP, afin d’évaluer leur effet agoniste sur le récepteur P2Y11, impliqué dans différents mécanismes de différentiation cellulaire, dont notamment celui de la maturation des cellules leucémiques HL60 en cellules de type neutrophile. Les analogues synthétisés se différencient de la dATP par la présence d’un groupement méthylène ou dichlorométhylène entre les phosphores b et g de la chaîne polyphosphate, ainsi que par l’estérification de l’alcool en position 3’ du sucre. Ce travail a pu confirmer que les analogues en série 2’-désoxy conduisent à de meilleures activités que ceux de la série 2’-OH. Nous avons également pu montrer que l’estérification de la position 3’ conduit à une diminution de l’activité agoniste, à l’exception du groupement a-naphtoyle qui conduit à une augmentation significative de l’activité sur P2Y11.


Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation chimie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Fong, Yuen Ting. "Quantitative structure retention relationships on using high-performance liquid chromatography." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2003. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/426.

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Liu, Jiangqiong. "Kinetic Studies of 6-Halopurine Nucleoside in SNAr Reactions; 6-(Azolyl, Alkylthio and Fluoro)-purine Nucleosides as Substrates for Suzuki Reactions." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1821.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Synthesis of purine nucleotides"

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Pharmacology of purine and pyrimidine receptors. San Diego, CA: Elsevier, 2011.

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Teshiba, Sadao. Production of nucleotides and nucleosides by fermentation. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1989.

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Reiner, Tilman. [Beta]-eliminierbare Schutzgruppen als allgemeines Prinzip in der Oligonucleotidchemie: Ein Beitrag zur automatisierten Synthese von Oligonucleotiden. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1988.

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Schwarz, Michael Walter. Synthese von Oligonukleotiden und Nukleotiden mit terminaler Phosphotriester- und Thiophosphotriesterfunktion mit Hilfe neuer Phosphor (III) Verbindungen nach der Phosphitamidmethode. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1986.

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M, Bezborodov A., ed. Mikrobiologicheskiĭ sintez nukleozidfosfatov. Moskva: "Nauka", 1990.

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Ruf, Klaus. Synthese biologisch interessanter Nukleoside und Oligonukleotide. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1987.

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Eastwood, P. R. Synthesis of new purine anti-viral and anti-cancer agents. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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Forman, Gary. The synthesis of potential anti-hepatitis B virus nucleotides. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1994.

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M, Poltavchenko G., ed. Rolʹ adenozina v reguli͡a︡t͡s︡ii fiziologicheskikh funkt͡s︡iĭ organizma. Sankt-Peterburg: "Nauka," S.-Peterburgskoe otd-nie, 1991.

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Tusa, Girolamo. Synthesis and biological activity of conformationally constrained nucleosides and nucleotides. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Synthesis of purine nucleotides"

1

Srivastava, Prem C., Roland K. Robins, and Rich B. Meyer. "Synthesis and Properties of Purine Nucleosides and Nucleotides." In Chemistry of Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 113–281. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0995-6_2.

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Zalkin, Howard. "De Novo Purine Nucleotide Synthesis." In Bacillus subtilis and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria, 335–41. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818388.ch24.

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Tsutani, Hiroshi, Teruo Yoshimura, Michihiko Uchida, Kenichi Kamiya, Takanori Ueda, and Toru Nakamura. "Purine Nucleotide Synthesis during Terminal Differentiation." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 423–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5673-8_69.

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Pankiewicz, Krzysztof W., and Kyoichi A. Watanabe. "A Synthesis of 2’-Fluoro- and 3’-Fluoro-Substituted Purine Nucleosides via a Direct Approach." In Nucleosides and Nucleotides as Antitumor and Antiviral Agents, 55–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2824-1_3.

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Marinello, Enrico, Maria Pizzichini, Anna Di Stefano, Lucia Terzuoli, and Roberto Pagani. "Purine Nucleotide Synthesis in Rat Liver after Castration." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 371–74. New York, NY: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7703-4_84.

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Rowe, Peter B., Sandra E. McEwen, and Annette Kalaizis. "Purine Nucleotide Synthesis in Cultured Rat Embryos Undergoing Organogenesis." In Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism in Man V, 541–46. New York, NY: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1248-2_84.

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Yokoyama, Hiroomi, Keiichi Okamoto, Hiroyuki Nogawa, Shinsaku Naitou, and Mitsuo Itakura. "A Nucleoside Mixture and its Sparing Effect on de novo Purine Nucleotide Synthesis." In Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism in Man VIII, 541–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2584-4_114.

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Becker, Michael A., Juan G. Puig, Felicitas A. Mateos, Manuel L. Jimenez, Mitchel Kim, and H. Anne Simnonds. "Neurodevelopmental Impairment and Deranged PRPP and Purine Nucleotide Synthesis in Inherited Superactivity of PRPP Synthetase." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 15–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5673-8_3.

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Achterberg, P. W. "Adenine Nucleotides, Purine Metabolism and Myocardial Function." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 45–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1319-6_5.

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Rudolph, Frederick B., William C. Fanslow, Anil D. Kulkarni, Sulabha S. Kulkarni, and Charles T. Van Buren. "Effect of Dietary Nucleotides on Lymphocyte Maturation." In Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism in Man V, 497–501. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5104-7_83.

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Conference papers on the topic "Synthesis of purine nucleotides"

1

Meier, Chris, Edwuin Hander Rios Morales, Cristina Arbelo Román, and Jan Balzarini. "Stereoselective synthesis of 3-methyl-cycloSal-nucleotides." In XVth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css201112033.

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Gulyaeva, Irina V., Ekaterina V. Efimtseva, Andrei A. Rodionov, Boris S. Ermolinsky, and Sergey N. Mikhailov. "Direct synthesis of 5'-nucleotides using glycosylation reaction." In XIIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200205312.

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Kowalska, Joanna, Marek R. Baranowski, Anna Nowicka, Renata Kasprzyk, Joanna Zuberek, Jacek Wojcik, and Jacek Jemielity. "Synthesis and properties of nucleotides containing a fluorophosphate moiety." In XVIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css201414159.

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Rejman, Dominik, Petr Kočalka, Radek Pohl, and Ivan Rosenberg. "Synthesis of 4'-N pyrrolidine nucleosides, nucleotides, and oligonucleotides." In XIIIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200507159.

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Bulatovski, Aleksei, and Anatoliy Zinchenko. "Enzymatic synthesis of Favipiravir riboside using recombinant purine nucleoside phosphorylase." In National Scientific Symposium With International Participation: Modern Biotechnologies – Solutions to the Challenges of the Contemporary World. Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52757/imb21.075.

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Vrabel, Milan, and Michal Hocek. "Synthesis of modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides bearing metal complexes." In XIVth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200810182.

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Erez, Ayelet, Eytan Ruppin, Rom Keshet, and Joo Sang Lee. "Abstract IA21: Blocking purine synthesis in cancer promotes response to immunotherapy." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; September 17-20, 2019; Montreal, QC, Canada. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.pedca19-ia21.

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Kalachova, Lubica, and Michal Hocek. "Synthesis of nucleotides bearing oligopyridine ligands and their incorporation into DNA." In XVth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css201112357.

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Novosjolova, Irina, Ērika Bizdēna, and Māris Turks. "Derivatives of 2,6-diazidopurine and 2,6-bis-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) purine as useful intermediates in the synthesis of modified purine nucleosides." In XVIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css201414332.

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Kajimoto, Tetsuya, Toru Tanaka, Chihiro Tsuda, Tsuyoshi Miura, Toshiyuki Inazu, and Shuichi Tsuji. "SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDE MIMICS OF SUGAR NUCLEOTIDES AS THE INHIBITORS OF GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES." In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.599.

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