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Journal articles on the topic 'Synthetic anion exchange resins'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 February 2023

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1

Sica, Mihaela, Camelia Draghici, Anca Duta, and Carmen Teodosiu. "Kinetic Study of Nitrite Removal from Municipal Wastewater Using Ion Exchange Resins." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 1513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.1513.

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Nitrite removal from municipal wastewater is mandatory considering the treated wastewater reuse. Removal on an anion exchanger leads to simple wastewater treatment installations, easy to handle, to exploit and to maintain. This study reports on the performance of anion exchange resin on removing nitrite from synthetic solutions. Equilibrium data could be well fitted using the Langmuir model, confirming ion exchange without any parallel mechanisms. Kinetic study of the process is evaluated using the shrinking core model and the dominant rate mechanism is estimate.

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2

Fukushima, Akiyoshi, Hioaki Hase, and Koshi Saito. "Adsorption of plant phenols by polystyrene resins." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 56, no. 3 (2014): 485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1987.045.

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Adsorption of nine plant phenols by nine polystyrene ion-exchange resins was investigated in an experimental model system. The phenols were adsorbed by Amberlite CG-120 more efficiently than any other acidically charged resins tested in this study. They were also taken up by anion exchangers. Among them Dowex 1-X8 was found to show the strongest effect on the adsorption of the phenolic constituents applied. A comparison of the efficiency of plant phenol adsorption between two different types of the synthetic polymers revealed that the basically charged polystyrenes had more prefarable affinities for phenols than cation exchangers. For example, the ratio of the efficiency between Amberlite CG-120 and Dowex 1-X8 was roughly calculated to be 3:7 under the present experimental conditions. The adsorption rate of the test phenols was raised mostly by increasing the amount of the resins added, if they were mixed with effective polymers in the incubation model system.

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3

Ezzeldin, Hesham A., Allen Apblett, and Gary L. Foutch. "Synthesis and Properties of Anion Exchangers Derived from Chloromethyl Styrene Codivinylbenzene and Their Use in Water Treatment." International Journal of Polymer Science 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/684051.

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Amination of vinylbenzyl chloride-divinylbenzene (VBC-DVB) copolymers is an effective method for preparation of ion-exchange resins. Conventionally, the starting polymer is produced by chloromethylation of a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer that utilizes chloromethyl methyl ether, a known carcinogen. An alterative approach is to copolymerize vinylbenzyl chloride with divinylbenzene to generate the necessary VBC-DVB. This method provides precise control over the density of the ion-exchange groups. The regiochemistry of the vinylbenzyl chloride methods was realized using solvent-ion exchange groups. In this investigation, an improved solvent system was found for the preparation of anion exchange resins by the vinylbenzyl chloride route. The effectiveness of amination of the intermediate VBC-DVB polymers with a variety of trimethylamine reagents was investigated, and ethanolic trimethylamine produced the highest degree of amination. These resulting ion-exchange polymers were characterized by a variety of techniques such as analytical titrations, nitrogen analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. Testing of these copolymers for breakthrough was performed. The results indicate that these anion exchangers have a meaningful increase in thermal stability over commercial anionic exchange beads.

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4

Yegorov, V. V., O. Yu Makovskaya, S. V. Mamyachenkov, and P. A. Kozlov. "SORPTION OF FLUORIDE IONS BY IRON OXYHYDRATE FIXED ON THE CARRIERS. Part 1. Organic carriers." Izvestiya Vuzov Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Proceedings of Higher Schools Nonferrous Metallurgy, no. 4 (August 16, 2018): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2018-4-15-23.

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The article considers possibility of using inorganic sorbent – iron oxyhydrate (IOH) – to remove F– ions from process solutions of zinc production. The method of IOH synthesis is chosen. The results of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray phase analysis are presented. The principal possibility of using ion-exchange resins as IOH-modified carriers is considered. The paper studies active substance formation on anion and cation exchange resins. It is shown that the most durable composite sorbents are obtained using strongly acidic cation exchange resins with SO3– groups. A method for introducing IOH into the structure of carrier materials and obtaining composite sorbents is described. The KU-2×8 strongly acidic cation exchanger is recommended as a composite base. Cation exchangers saturated with iron were held in a sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 2,5 g/dm3 for 24 hours at 85 °C to ensure formation of β-modification IOH crystals distributed over the ion exchanger grain volume. Anion exchangers were held in an iron(III) sulfate solution with added sodium chloride for 24 hours at 85 °C. At the same time, iron oxyhydrate films formed on the surface of sorbent grains were observed. Fluorine sorption was carried out in a static mode from a standardized test solution with a concentration of F– = 100 mg/dm3 at 60 °C. Sorption on the AB-17×8 anionite was carried out at 20 °C. Absorbed fluorine was desorbed by the NaOH (0,1 M) solution at 60 °C for 2 hours. The synthesized KU-2×8-IOH composite sorbent has a fluorine capacity of 0,7–1,1 mg/g, and can be regenerated with resulting easily utilizable fluorine-containing eluate.

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5

Cyganowski, Piotr, Izabela Polowczyk, Daniela V. Morales, Bruno F. Urbano, Bernabé L. Rivas, Marek Bryjak, and Nalan Kabay. "Synthetic strong base anion exchange resins: synthesis and sorption of Mo(VI) and V(V)." Polymer Bulletin 75, no. 2 (May 18, 2017): 729–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-017-2065-4.

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6

Vachon, D. T. "Removal of Iron Cyanide from Gold Mill Effluents by Ion Exchange." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 2-3 (February 1, 1985): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0140.

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Using a strongly basic anion exchanger (Rohm & Haas Amberlite IRA-958) laboratory ion exchange tests were conducted on the removal of iron cyanide from synthetic and actual gold mill effluents. Variables examined included the effects of pH, concentration and hydraulic loading of the feed on the resin exchange capacity and resin column utilization. The results showed ion exchange to be an effective method of removing iron cyanide to concentrations of less than 3 mg/L. Tests with synthetic gold mill effluents gave resin exchange capacities ranging from 13 to 34 mg CNFe/mL resin depending on the concentration of iron, copper and zinc cyanides in these solutions. When raw barren bleed was tested, an exchange capacity for the ferro/ferricyanides was determined to be ~6 to 8 mg CNFe/mL resin. For chlorinated barren bleed, a resin exchange capacity of 14 mg CNFe/mL resin was observed. A capacity of 19 mg CNFe/mL resin was achieved for tailings pond decant. Regeneration with 15% NaCl provided mixed results with recoveries ranging from 40 to 100% of the iron cyanide exchanged by the resin. Upon multiple exchange-regeneration cycles, the resin lost 25% of the exchange capacity for total cyanide during the first cycle. Subsequently, the loss in exchange capacity was approximately 1% per cycle. Pilot scale tests were considered essential prior to full scale system design.

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7

Ahn, Hyeong Hun, and Man Seung Lee. "Recoveries of Ru(III) and Co(II) by Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange from Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt Scrap through a HCl Leaching Solution." Metals 9, no. 8 (August 6, 2019): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9080858.

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The addition of ruthenium to tungsten carbide-cobalt hard metals improves their mechanical properties. Since ruthenium is a platinum group metal, the recovery of ruthenium together with cobalt from the scrap of hard metals is of great importance. In order to develop a recovery process of ruthenium and cobalt, separation experiments were performed from the synthetic HCl leaching solution of the scrap of hard metals. In this work, solvent extraction and ion exchange were employed to investigate the separation behavior of the two metal ions as a function of HCl concentration. Ru(III) was selectively extracted over Co(II) by Aliquat 336 (trioctyl methylammonium chloride) and Alamine 300 (tri-n-octyl amine) when HCl concentration was lower than 5 M. The highest separation factor between Ru(III) and Co(II) was obtained at 3 M HCl. The loaded Ru(III) was stripped from Aliquat 336 by dilute HCl solution. Only Ru(III) was loaded into the anion exchange resins employed in this work in the HCl concentration range from 1 to 9 M. The highest loading percentage of Ru(III) was obtained from 3 M HCl solution. The loading of Ru(III) into anion exchange resins followed Freundlich isotherm and the loading capacity of the resins were determined. The loaded Ru(III) was eluted by the mixture of HCl and thiourea. Compared to solvent extraction, ion exchange was found to be more efficient to separate Ru(III) and Co(II) from the HCl solution in terms of separation factor and the ease of operation.

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8

Widiasa, I. N., and I. Gede Wenten. "COMBINATION OF REVERSE OSMOSIS AND ELECTRODEIONIZATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS SUGAR RECOVERY AND SALTS REMOVAL FROM SUGARY WASTEWATER." Reaktor 11, no. 2 (July 14, 2011): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.11.2.91-97.

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An integrated membrane system combining reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodeionization (EDI) is used for simultaneous sugar concentration and salts removal from a synthetic dilute sugar solution as a model of sugar-containing wastewater. The RO system uses a thin film composite RO membrane (Saehan CSM, RE1812-60). Meanwhile, the EDI stack has two diluted compartments, one concentrated compartment, one anode compartment, and one cathode compartment. Commercially available cation exchange membrane (MC-3470) and anion exchange membrane (MA-3475) are used as ionic selective barriers of the EDI stack. Both diluate and concentrate compartments are filled with mixed ion exchange resins (purolite strong acid cation exchange, C-100E and strong base type I anion resins, A-400). Two different operation modes, i.e. RO-EDI and EDI-RO, were assessed. The experimental results show that the observed sugar rejection of RO membrane is more than 99.9% and there is no sugar loss in the EDI stack. This indicates that the hybrid process allows almost total sugar recovery. In addition, significant reduction of salts content from the concentrated sugar solution is obtained. From permeate flux and permeate purity points of view, however, the EDI-RO configuration seems superior to the RO-EDI configuration. It should be emphasized that scale formation on the membrane surface of the concentrate compartment side has to be controlled.

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9

Shvydko, A. V., S. A. Prikhod’ko, and M. N. Timofeeva. "The Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol and Dimethyl Carbonate in the Presence of Strongly Basic Anion-Exchange Styrene-Divinylbenzene Anionites Dowex." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 21, no. 6 (November 23, 2021): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2021-6-398-405.

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The synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate in the presence of strongly basic styrene-divinylbenzene anionites Dowex 1×2, Dowex 1×4 and Dowex 1×8 in the –OH form with different cross-linking degree of polystyrene matrix (the divinylbenzene content of 2, 4 and 8 wt.%) at 90–105 °C and a dimethyl carbonate/glycerol molar ratio equal to 2 was studied. The yield of glycerol carbonate was shown to decrease with an increase in the cross-linking degree of the anion-exchange resin. The maximum conversion of glycerol (95 %) and selectivity to glycerol carbonate (45.5 %) were observed in the presence of Dowex 1×2 at 105 °C after 5 h of the reaction. Advantages of the studied systems were demonstrated in comparison with the anion-exchange and cationexchange resins proposed in the literature.

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10

Huan Wang, Huan Wang, and Boru Chen and Siming Zhu Boru Chen and Siming Zhu. "Novel Synthesis Method, Characterization and Bioactivities of a Copper(Ⅱ)-Hesperetin Complex Using Ion Exchange Column." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 2 (2020): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000632.

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A copper(Ⅱ)-hesperetin complex formulated as [Cu(L)2(H2O)2]and#183;H2O (andquot;Landquot; represented the ligand hesperetin) was synthesized using a novel ion-exchanging resin column method, based on the integration of the separation of hesperetin on hesperetin-loaded resins and the reaction of hesperetin with Cu2+ using CuCl2 as an eluent and reacting reagent. The feasibility of this new method was testified firstly. Results indicated the D296 macroporous strong basic anion exchange resin could effectively adsorb hesperetin and the saturated adsorption capacity was 143.5 mg per mL resin. The favorable concentration of CuCl2 was 0.4 mol/L for the elution and the coordination process of hesperetin. The characterization of the copper(Ⅱ) complex was done by theoretical quantum chemical calculation, elemental and thermal analyses, UV-Vis absorption spectra, FTIR spectra and XRD analysis, results testified that the 4-carbonyl group and 5-hydroxyl group of hesperetin were involved in the coordination reaction. The comparison between hesperetin and its copper(Ⅱ) complex about their bioactivities like the inhibitory effect of α-amylase, antioxidant activities and solubility were evaluated. Results showed the bioactivities of the copper(Ⅱ) complex was better than that of hesperetin.

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11

Huan Wang, Huan Wang, and Boru Chen and Siming Zhu Boru Chen and Siming Zhu. "Novel Synthesis Method, Characterization and Bioactivities of a Copper(Ⅱ)-Hesperetin Complex Using Ion Exchange Column." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 2 (2020): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000632/jcsp/42.02.2020.

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A copper(Ⅱ)-hesperetin complex formulated as [Cu(L)2(H2O)2]and#183;H2O (andquot;Landquot; represented the ligand hesperetin) was synthesized using a novel ion-exchanging resin column method, based on the integration of the separation of hesperetin on hesperetin-loaded resins and the reaction of hesperetin with Cu2+ using CuCl2 as an eluent and reacting reagent. The feasibility of this new method was testified firstly. Results indicated the D296 macroporous strong basic anion exchange resin could effectively adsorb hesperetin and the saturated adsorption capacity was 143.5 mg per mL resin. The favorable concentration of CuCl2 was 0.4 mol/L for the elution and the coordination process of hesperetin. The characterization of the copper(Ⅱ) complex was done by theoretical quantum chemical calculation, elemental and thermal analyses, UV-Vis absorption spectra, FTIR spectra and XRD analysis, results testified that the 4-carbonyl group and 5-hydroxyl group of hesperetin were involved in the coordination reaction. The comparison between hesperetin and its copper(Ⅱ) complex about their bioactivities like the inhibitory effect of α-amylase, antioxidant activities and solubility were evaluated. Results showed the bioactivities of the copper(Ⅱ) complex was better than that of hesperetin.

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12

Hradil, J., and F. Švec. "Reactive polymers. 61. Synthesis of strongly basic anion exchange methacrylate resins." Reactive Polymers 13, no. 1-2 (September 1990): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-1137(90)90039-7.

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13

Wang, Chenhui, Junhu Cai, Yuanyuan Ye, Xinpei Hu, Lijuan Zhong, Hongxing Xie, Enguo Chen, et al. "Full-visible-spectrum perovskite quantum dots by anion exchange resin assisted synthesis." Nanophotonics 11, no. 7 (February 18, 2022): 1355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0768.

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Abstract Photoelectric properties of all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (IPQDs) highly depend on their synthetic route. However, current synthetic processes of IPQDs are widely facing potential unsustainable issues of containing nonreusable and high-cost auxiliary materials. In this work, full-visible-spectrum IPQDs were successfully synthesized by an environmentally friendly ion-exchange approach with a renewable and low-cost anion exchange resin. Introducing anion exchange resin brings the improvement of both optical performance and surface morphology of the prepared IPQDs. The emission wavelength of IPQDs can be precisely controlled without changing their inherent crystal phase, and those IPQD’s single crystals with poor morphology and unstable structure are selectively removed. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and the fluorescence lifetime of the three-primary-color IPQDs can be dramatically improved to 93.69, 89.99, and 65.03% and 71.3 ns, 22.2 ns, and 13.2 ns, respectively. Notably, the red-emitting PQDs at 622 nm exhibit a record high PLQY. By using the prepared IPQDs for photoluminescent color conversion, the three-primary-color light-emitting diodes (LEDs) provided high brightness and wide color gamut simultaneously. This study provides new ideas for the environmentally friendly and sustainable synthesis route of IPQDs, and it is expected to show great ambitions in the display field.

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14

Abdullah, N., MZ Yahya, and R. Mahmod. "Comparative study of strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked poly(HEMA-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) and strong anion exchange poly(Styrene-co-EGDMA-co-VBC): Synthesis and characterization." Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19 (September 10, 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v19i0.33802.

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<p>Strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked of poly(HEMA-<em>co</em>-EGDMA-<em>co</em>-VBC) (PHEV) and strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked of poly(styrene-<em>co</em>-EGDMA-<em>co</em>-VBC) (PSEV) were prepared <em>via </em>amination reaction with dimethylbutyl amine (DMBA) as the amination agent in dried toluene. The resins were characterized by SEM, FTIR, BET and elemental analysis. SEM results showed that there was no significant change of the particles shape after amination reaction for both strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked PHEV and strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked PSEV. Specific surface area (SSA) of strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked PHEV increase from 1035 m<sup>2</sup>/g to 1090 m<sup>2</sup>/g when amination reaction take place. However, SSA of strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked PHEV decreased from 124 m<sup>2</sup>/g to 27 m<sup>2</sup>/g. From FTIR spectra, significant drop occurred at 1265 cm<sup>-1</sup> band after amination reaction of strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked PSEV but SSA of strong anion exchange hypercrosslinkedPHEV showed slightly significant drop. Elemental analysis showed that nitrogen content of strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked PHEV significantly increase from 0.10% to 1.46% resulted to high IEC value. Meanwhile, nitrogen content in strong anion exchange hypercrosslinked PSEV only showed small increment in nitrogen content from 0.36% to 0.63% led to low IEC value.</p><p>Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 96-101</p>

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15

Eychenne, Valérie, and Zéphirin Mouloungui. "Deacidification of a synthetic oil with an anion exchange resin." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 75, no. 10 (October 1998): 1437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-998-0195-4.

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16

Hrubý, Martin, Viktorya Korostyatynets, Milan J. Beneš, and Zdeněk Matějka. "Bifunctional Ion Exchange Resin with Thiol and Quaternary Ammonium Groups for the Sorption of Arsenate." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 68, no. 11 (2003): 2159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20032159.

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A bifunctional resin with thiol and quaternary ammonium groups was prepared from a macroporous strongly basic anion exchange resin of the styrene-divinylbenzene type. The key step of the synthesis is the reaction of the quaternary benzyltrimethylammonium group of the ion exchange resin with suitable sulfur-containing nucleophiles. Three synthetic routes are described: direct conversion to thiol with sodium sulfide, reaction with potassium O-ethyl dithiocarbonate followed by decomposition of the dithiocarbonate with ammonia or acid and conversion to polymeric isothiuronium salt by the reaction with thiourea and subsequent alkaline hydrolysis to thiol. Sorption of arsenate on thiol resin and its Fe(III) complex was studied.

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17

Lee, Byunghwan, Li−Li Bao, Hee-Jung Im, Sheng Dai, Edward W. Hagaman, and J. S. Lin. "Synthesis and Characterization of Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Mesoporous Anion-Exchange Resins for Perrhenate (ReO4-) Anion Adsorption." Langmuir 19, no. 10 (May 2003): 4246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la026960b.

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18

Tomoi, M., K. Yamaguchi, R. Ando, Y. Kantake, Y. Aosaki, and H. Kubota. "Synthesis and thermal stability of novel anion exchange resins with spacer chains." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 64, no. 6 (May 9, 1997): 1161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19970509)64:6<1161::aid-app16>3.0.co;2-z.

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19

Artsemyeva, Julia N., Ekaterina A. Remeeva, Tatiana N. Buravskaya, Irina D. Konstantinova, Roman S. Esipov, Anatoly I. Miroshnikov, Natalia M. Litvinko, and Igor A. Mikhailopulo. "Anion exchange resins in phosphate form as versatile carriers for the reactions catalyzed by nucleoside phosphorylases." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (October 22, 2020): 2607–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.212.

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In the present work, we suggested anion exchange resins in the phosphate form as a source of phosphate, one of the substrates of the phosphorolysis of uridine, thymidine, and 1-(β-ᴅ-arabinofuranosyl)uracil (Ara-U) catalyzed by recombinant E. coli uridine (UP) and thymidine (TP) phosphorylases. α-ᴅ-Pentofuranose-1-phosphates (PF-1Pis) obtained by phosphorolysis were used in the enzymatic synthesis of nucleosides. It was found that phosphorolysis of uridine, thymidine, and Ara-U in the presence of Dowex® 1X8 (phosphate; Dowex-nPi) proceeded smoothly in the presence of magnesium cations in water at 20–50 °C for 54–96 h giving rise to quantitative formation of the corresponding pyrimidine bases and PF-1Pis. The resulting PF-1Pis can be used in three routes: (1) preparation of barium salts of PF-1Pis, (2) synthesis of nucleosides by reacting the crude PF-1Pi with an heterocyclic base, and (3) synthesis of nucleosides by reacting the ionically bound PF-1Pi to the resin with an heterocyclic base. These three approaches were tested in the synthesis of nelarabine, kinetin riboside, and cladribine with good to excellent yields (52–93%).

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20

Konwar, Dilip, Birendra Nath Goswami, and Naleen Borthakur. "Organic Synthesis with Anion Exchange Resins: Synthesis of α-Imino Nitriles from Nitrones." Journal of Chemical Research 23, no. 3 (March 1999): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174751989902300336.

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21

Konwar, Dilip, Birendra Nath Goswami, and Naleen Borthakur. "Organic Synthesis with Anion Exchange Resins: Synthesis of α-Imino Nitriles from Nitrones." Journal of Chemical Research, no. 3 (1999): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a807253a.

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22

Jeon, Jong Hyuk, Ana Belen Cueva Sola, Jin-Young Lee, Janardhan Reddy Koduru, and Rajesh Kumar Jyothi. "Separation of vanadium and tungsten from synthetic and spent catalyst leach solutions using an ion-exchange resin." RSC Advances 12, no. 6 (2022): 3635–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra05253e.

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23

Feng, Jiahui, Haoqi Yu, Yingcai Wang, Haonan Li, Junhan Li, Weigang Liu, Zimin Zhang, Shuang Li, Heng Liu, and Rong Hua. "Sorption of rhenium on synthetic cyclohexylamine anion exchange resin LSC ‐436." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 139, no. 23 (March 8, 2022): 52315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.52315.

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24

Konwar, Dilip, Dilip Kumar Dutta, and Birendra Nath Goswami. "Organic Synthesis with Anion-exchange Resins: Reaction of Imines with Active Methylene Compounds†." Journal of Chemical Research, no. 6 (1998): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a800951a.

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25

Marrufo-Curtido, Almudena, Arancha de-la-Fuente-Blanco, María-Pilar Sáenz-Navajas, Vicente Ferreira, Mónica Bueno, and Ana Escudero. "Sensory Relevance of Strecker Aldehydes in Wines. Preliminary Studies of Its Removal with Different Type of Resins." Foods 10, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081711.

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The orthonasal quality of two synthetic contexts of wine (young wine and oaked wine) spiked with six different levels of the Strecker aldehydes (isobutyraldehyde, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, methional and phenylacetaldehyde) was evaluated by a panel of wine experts. The aldehyde levels simulated the concentrations present in wines protected from oxidation during production and storage and after severe oxidation. Significant quality detriments were observed at concentrations of 13 µg/L of methional, 49 µg/L of phenylacetaldehyde, 17 µg/L of isobutyraldehyde, 12 µg/L of 2-methylbutanal and 24 µg/L of 3-methylbutanal. The presence of these levels of aldehyde concentrations induced the reduction of fruitiness in young wines and of woody notes in oaked wines as well as the appearance of the typical attributes that define wine oxidation. More than 75% of recently opened commercial wines contain total levels of Strecker aldehydes higher than those, however their effect is not always noticeable as they are forming inodorous adducts with SO2. Nevertheless, this content is a potential risk for the shelf life of the wine, as once SO2 is depleted, these aldehydes could release back into their odour-active forms. Thus, in order to reduce the presence of Strecker aldehydes, eight different resins were studied (two scavengers, four mixed-mode anion exchange and two pure anion exchange) in white wine at two levels of SO2. After 24-h contact, the mixed mode Strata X-A resin was able to significantly reduce aldehydes’ percentages: between 11% for isobutyraldehyde and 86% for phenylacetaldehyde. On the other hand, wine colour was affected and therefore the applicability of the treatment should be further studied. However, this work can be considered a starting point to solve the technological challenge involved in the elimination of aldehydes from wine.

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26

Zhu, Lili, Yinghui Liu, and Ji Chen. "Synthesis ofN-Methylimidazolium Functionalized Strongly Basic Anion Exchange Resins for Adsorption of Cr(VI)." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 48, no. 7 (April 2009): 3261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie801278f.

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27

Lee, Byunghwan, Hee-Jung Im, Huimin Luo, Edward W. Hagaman, and Sheng Dai. "Synthesis and Characterization of Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas as Anion Exchange Resins for Perrhenate Adsorption." Langmuir 21, no. 12 (June 2005): 5372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la050313d.

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28

Etoh, T., M. Miyazaki, K. Harada, M. Nakayama, and A. Sugii. "Synthesis and separation characteristics of strongly basic anion-exchange resins prepared from different monomers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 46, no. 3 (September 25, 1992): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460318.

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29

Schoeman, E., S. M. Bradshaw, G. Akdogan, C. A. Snyders, and J. J. Eksteen. "The extraction of platinum and palladium from a synthetic cyanide heap leach solution with strong base anion exchange resins." International Journal of Mineral Processing 162 (May 2017): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2017.02.017.

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30

Konwar, Dilip, Birendra Nath Goswami, and Naleen Borthakur. "ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis with Anion Exchange Resins: Synthesis of α-Imino Nitriles from Nitrones." ChemInform 30, no. 35 (June 13, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199935104.

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31

Sugii, Atsushi, Naotake Ogawa, Yoshihide Nozaki, and Mamoru Haratake. "Preparation of macroreticular anion-exchange resins having spacers and an evaluation of these resins in the synthesis of sulfones." Reactive Polymers, Ion Exchangers, Sorbents 8, no. 1 (February 1988): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6989(88)90340-6.

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32

Mudau, Fulufhelo, Machawe Motsa, Francis Hassard, and Lueta-Ann de Kock. "Resin-Loaded Heterogeneous Polyether Sulfone Ion Exchange Membranes for Saline Groundwater Treatment." Membranes 12, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080736.

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Arid areas often contain brackish groundwater that has a salinity exceeding 500 mg/L. This poses several challenges to the users of the water such as a salty taste and damage to household appliances. Desalination can be one of the key solutions to significantly lower the salinity and solute content of the water. However, the technology requires high energy inputs as well as managing waste products. This paper presents the fabrication of ultrafiltration heterogeneous ion exchange membranes for brackish groundwater treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a relatively uniform resin particle distribution within the polymer matrix. The mean roughness of the cation exchange membrane (CEM) and anion exchange membrane (AEM) surfaces increased from 42.12 to 317.25 and 68.56 to 295.95 nm, respectively, when resin loading was increased from 1 to 3.5 wt %. Contact angle measures suggested a more hydrophilic surface (86.13 to 76.26° and 88.10 to 74.47° for CEM and AEM, respectively) was achieved with greater resin loading rates. The ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the prepared membranes was assessed using synthetic groundwater in a dead-end filtration system and removal efficiency of K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ were 56.0, 93.5, and 85.4%, respectively, for CEM with the highest resin loading. Additionally, the anion, NO3− and SO42− removal efficiency was 84.2% and 52.4%, respectively, for the AEM with the highest resin loading. This work demonstrates that the prepared ultrafiltration heterogeneous ion exchange membranes have potential for selective removal for of ions by ion exchange, under filtration conditions at low pressure of 0.05 MPa.

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Dzhumadullaeva, S. A., A. B. Bayeshov, and A. V. Kolesnikov. "STUDY OF THE CATALYTIC HYDRAZINOLYSIS OF HIGHER FATTY ACIDS." SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2, no. 440 (April 15, 2020): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1491.23.

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In this work, the reaction of hydrazinolysis of higher fatty acid in the presence of an ionite catalyst is considered for the first time. Synthetic commodity anion exchange resin AB-17-8 was used as a catalyst. Before use, the anionite was converted to OH-form and its exchange capacity was determined. The experiments were made in the static conditions in a glass reactor with mixing of the reaction mixture.The reaction of palmitic acid with hydrazine yielded the corresponding hydrazide. The influence of various factors (quantity of hydrazine hydrate, catalyst, butyl alcohol, temperature, reaction duration) on the formation of palmitic acid hydrazide was studied. It is shown that with an increase in the amount of hydrazine hydrate in the initial mixture from 2.0 to 2.52 g per gram of palmitic acid, the yield of hydrazide increases, and further increase in the concentration of this reagent leads to a decrease in the selectivity of the process, due to the occurrence of side condensation reactions. Increasing the amount of catalyst from 2 to 3 g per gram of palmitic acid leads to an increase in the yield of hydrazide. It reveals optimum conditions of synthesis under which the most palmitic hydrazide yield made 90%. The analysis of the initial substances and the reaction product was carried out using the photocolorimetric method. As a result, the IR spectroscopic researches of the mechanism of hydrazinolysis reaction of the palmitic acid with active centers of anion-exchange. It is shown that the reaction proceeds with the formation of transition complexes on the surface of the anion exchange resin. The practical value of this work is to develop an effective method of palmitic acid hydrazide preparation. Keywords: palmitic acid, hydrazine, hydrazide, catalyst.

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Ju, Y. H., O. F. Webb, Sheng Dai, J. S. Lin, and C. E. Barnes. "Synthesis and Characterization of Ordered Mesoporous Anion-Exchange Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Resins for Radionuclide Separation." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 39, no. 2 (February 2000): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie990597v.

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35

Nakaie, Clovis R., Danielle A. Ianzer, Luciana Malavolta, Eduardo M. Cilli, and Mauricio M. Rodrigues. "Use of commercial anion-exchange resins as solid support for peptide synthesis and affinity chromatography." Analytical Biochemistry 318, no. 1 (July 2003): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2697(03)00196-9.

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36

Konwar, Dilip, Dilip Kumar Dutta, and Birendra Nath Goswami. "ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis with Anion-Exchange Resins: Reaction of Imines with Active Methylene Compounds." ChemInform 30, no. 13 (June 16, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199913058.

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Zhao, Hong, Jin Hua Yao, Shu Bao Jin, and Li Jun Liang. "A New Synthetic Route to Nano Metal Oxides." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.223.

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Strong alkali anion exchange resin was employed as a hydroxyl source in the synthesis. OH- releasing rates were easily controlled by varying precursor salts, salt concentrations and temperatures, etc. The ratio between the nucleation speed and the speed of oxide crystallite growth was adjusted to favor the anisotropic growth of the crystal. Zinc and aluminum nano-sized oxide were obtained in various morphologies. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to characterize the products. It is ascertained that the surface reaction on the resin and the mechanical grinding are the key steps in controlling the product morphology. The results show the flexibility and possibility of large scale production of various nano metal oxides and as well as mixed oxides.

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Cyganowski, Piotr, Anna Leśniewicz, Izabela Polowczyk, Jacek Chęcmanowski, Tomasz Koźlecki, Paweł Pohl, and Dorota Jermakowicz-Bartkowiak. "Surface-activated anion exchange resins for synthesis and immobilization of gold and palladium nano- and microstructures." Reactive and Functional Polymers 124 (March 2018): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.01.013.

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39

Nagireddi, Srinu, Animes K. Golder, and Ramgopal Uppaluri. "Combinatorial optimality of functional groups, process parameters, and Pd(II) adsorption–desorption characteristics for commercial anion exchange resins-synthetic electroless plating systems." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 20 (July 22, 2019): 24614–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05941-1.

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Kuriyama, Naohiro, Yoshiharu Inoue, and Keishi Kitagawa. "Hydrolysis ofN-Substituted Phthalimides Using Anion Exchange Resins. Synthesis of Hydroxy-Substituted Aliphatic Primary Amines (Amino Alcohols)." Synthesis 1990, no. 08 (1990): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1990-27000.

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41

Parlow, John J. "The use of anion exchange resins for the synthesis of combinatorial libraries containing aryl and heteroaryl ethers." Tetrahedron Letters 37, no. 30 (July 1996): 5257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(96)01113-6.

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Shvydko, A. V., S. A. Prihod’ko, and M. N. Timofeeva. "Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol and Dimethyl Carbonate Using Strongly Basic Anion-Exchange Styrene–Divinylbenzene Dowex Resins." Catalysis in Industry 14, no. 2 (June 2022): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2070050422020088.

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43

Sahu, Abhispa, Rabia Sheikh, and Jordan C. Poler. "Green sonochemical synthesis, kinetics and functionalization of nanoscale anion exchange resins and their performance as water purification membranes." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 67 (October 2020): 105163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105163.

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44

Cao, Min, Yuezhong Meng, and Yixin Lu. "Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (dmc) from co2, ethylene oxide and methanol using heterogeneous anion exchange resins as catalysts." Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 88, no. 2 (August 2006): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11144-006-0059-6.

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45

Dharmapriya, Thakshila Nadeeshani, Hsin-Yin Shih, and Po-Jung Huang. "Facile Synthesis of Hydrogel-Based Ion-Exchange Resins for Nitrite/Nitrate Removal and Studies of Adsorption Behavior." Polymers 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071442.

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This research aimed to create facile, reusable, hydrogel-based anion exchange resins that have been modified with two different amines to test their ability to adsorb nitrate and nitrite in water using batch and continuous systems. In the batch experiment, maximum adsorption capacities of nitrate and nitrite onto poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (PEGDA-MTAC) and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride (PEGDA-AMHC) adsorbents can be obtained as 13.51 and 13.16 mg NO3−-N/g sorbent; and 12.36 and 10.99 mg NO2−-N/g sorbent respectively through the Langmuir isotherm model. After 15 adsorption/desorption cycles, PEGDA-MTAC and PEGDA-AMHC retained nitrate adsorption efficiencies of 94.71% and 83.02% and nitrite adsorption efficiencies of 97.38% and 81.15% respectively. In a column experiment, modified adsorbents demonstrated adsorption efficiencies greater than 45% after being recycled five times. Proposed hydrogel-based adsorbents can be more effective than several types of carbon-based sorbents for nitrate and nitrite removal in water and have benefits such as reduced waste generation, cost-effectiveness, and a facile synthesis method.

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Dragan, Ecaterina Stela, Ecaterina Avram, Damian Axente, and Cristina Marcu. "Ion-exchange resins. III. Functionalization-morphology correlations in the synthesis of some macroporous, strong basic anion exchangers and uranium-sorption properties evaluation." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 42, no. 10 (2004): 2451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.20106.

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47

Dzyazko, Yuliya, Mariya Chaban, and Olga Bystryk. "MATERIALS BASED ON TITANIUM AND MANGANESE OXIDES FOR SELECTIVE RECOVERY OF LITHIUM FROM WATER SOURCES." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 85, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/0041-6045.85.2.2019.88-100.

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Due to the ever-increasing production of electronic portable devices, including gadgets, lithium recovery is used to produce lithium-ion batteries. Lithium is electrochemically active, has the highest value of oxidation-reducing potential and the highest specific heat capacity among solid materials, making it a key element in the modern revolution of electric vehicles. The crust contains about 0.007% lithium, which is not in its pure form, but its insignificant concentrations are found in virtually all volcanic rocks and in the waters of mineral springs, sea water, and oceans. There are more than 20 minerals that contain lithium, but only few of them have content that is sufficient for commercial interest. A promising area is the processing of brines that are formed after desalination of seawater and mine waters. It is environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Since the concentration of lithium in such resources is low, sorption methods are advantageous compared to other. In this article materials that are widely studied in order to produce lithium-selective adsorbents are described. Most amphoteric oxides and hydroxides are amphoteric ion exchanges having both cation exchange and anion exchange properties. Such materials are of scientific interest in connection with the study of fission fragments behavior, release of radioactive isotopes, decontamination of sewage and concentration of microquantities of elements. The synthesis of such ion exchangers as amphoteric oxides and hydroxides is fairly simple and their cost per unit of capacity in most cases is much lower than the cost of organic resins. The combination of the material formed on the basis of hydrated titanium dioxide with known lithium manganese spinels allows to obtain a strong ion-exchange material for the selective extraction of lithium ions.

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KURIYAMA, N., Y. INOUE, and K. KITAGAWA. "ChemInform Abstract: Hydrolysis of N-Substituted Phthalimides Using Anion Exchange Resins. Synthesis of Hydroxy-Substituted Aliphatic Primary Amines (Amino Alcohols)." ChemInform 22, no. 1 (August 23, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199101145.

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49

Lavoie, R., Alice di Fazio, R. Blackburn, Michael Goshe, Ruben Carbonell, and Stefano Menegatti. "Targeted Capture of Chinese Hamster Ovary Host Cell Proteins: Peptide Ligand Discovery." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 7 (April 8, 2019): 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071729.

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The growing integration of quality-by-design (QbD) concepts in biomanufacturing calls for a detailed and quantitative knowledge of the profile of impurities and their impact on the product safety and efficacy. Particularly valuable is the determination of the residual level of host cell proteins (HCPs) secreted, together with the product of interest, by the recombinant cells utilized for production. Though often referred to as a single impurity, HCPs comprise a variety of species with diverse abundance, size, function, and composition. The clearance of these impurities is a complex issue due to their cell line to cell line, product-to-product, and batch-to-batch variations. Improvements in HCP monitoring through proteomic-based methods have led to identification of a subset of “problematic” HCPs that are particularly challenging to remove, both at the product capture and product polishing steps, and compromise product stability and safety even at trace concentrations. This paper describes the development of synthetic peptide ligands capable of capturing a broad spectrum of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) HCPs with a combination of peptide species that allow for advanced mixed-mode binding. Solid phase peptide libraries were screened for identification and characterization of peptides that capture CHO HCPs while showing minimal binding of human IgG, utilized here as a model product. Tetrameric and hexameric ligands featuring either multipolar or hydrophobic/positive amino acid compositions were found to be the most effective. Tetrameric multipolar ligands exhibited the highest targeted binding ratio (ratio of HCP clearance over IgG loss), more than double that of commercial mixed-mode and anion exchange resins utilized by industry for IgG polishing. All peptide resins tested showed preferential binding to HCPs compared to IgG, indicating potential uses in flow-through mode or weak-partitioning-mode chromatography.

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Botez, Adriana, Tanase Dobre, Eugenia Panturu, and Antoaneta Filcenco-Olteanu. "Uranium (VI) adsorption equilibrium on purolite resin SGA 600 U/3472." Open Chemistry 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2014): 769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-014-0506-6.

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AbstractThis paper characterizes uranium (VI) sorption from synthetic solutions using a fixed bed Purolite resin SGA 600 U/3472 system. The effect of the sulphate anion presence in the liquid phase on sorbtion dynamics and equilibrium is analysed. In the industrial processing of solutions obtained from leaching of uranium ore (alkaline/acid), in a continuous system, there are several compounds which strongly compete with uranium for ion exchange sites and consequently these substances depress the uranium adsorption. The influence of vanadate, molybdate, chloride, and nitrate is known, therefore, in this paper, the adsorption equilibrium isotherms for uranium (VI) are obtained for different sulphate ion concentrations in solution. The adsorption capacity variation of the Purolite resin SGA 600U/3472 with the number of adsorption/desorption cycles is also studied. The experimental results reveal the negative impact of high sulphate ion content in solution on the adsorption capacity of the resin Purolite SG 600 U / 3472 with uranium (VI) and therefore it is considered one of the compounds which strongly affect the uranium adsorption.

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