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Journal articles on the topic 'Synthetic estrogen'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Hashimoto, T., K. Takahashi, and T. Murakami. "Characteristics of estrogen decomposition by ozonation." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 10 (2006): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.806.

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Since the natural estrogens 17 β-estradiol (E2) and estron (E1), and the synthetic estrogen 17 α-ethynyl estradiol (EE2) have strong endocrine disrupting effects and the tendency to persist in effluent from wastewater treatment plants, effective measures are needed to remove them from wastewater. In this research, to gain an understanding of the characteristics of estrogen decomposition by ozonation, experiments were conducted using effluent from an actual wastewater treatment plant. In this experiment, estrogen was added to effluent at a concentration of 200 ng/l and 20 ng/l before the ozonat

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2

Liang, Rubing, Jing Zhou, and Jianhua Liu. "Construction of a Bacterial Assay for Estrogen Detection Based on an Estrogen-Sensitive Intein." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 7 (2011): 2488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02336-10.

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ABSTRACTEscherichia colistrain DIER was constructed for estrogen detection by inserting an estrogen-sensitive intein (VMAERintein) into the specific site of the constitutively expressed chromosomallacZgene. This VMAERintein was generated by replacing the endonuclease region of theSaccharomyces cerevisiaeVMA intein with the estrogen binding region of the human estrogen receptor α (hERα). When there were estrogens or analogs, the splicing of the VMAERintein was induced to produce the mature LacZ protein, which was detected through a β-galactosidase colorimetric assay. Eight typical chemicals (17

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3

Shi, J. H., Y. Suzuki, S. Nakai, and M. Hosomi. "Microbial degradation of estrogens using activated sludge and night soil-composting microorganisms." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 8 (2004): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0510.

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In order to investigate the potential for microbial degradation of estrogens, and the products formed, activated sludge collected from Korea (ASK) and night soil-composting microorganisms (NSCM) were used to degrade estrogens. Results showed that both ASK and NSCM degraded almost 100% of the natural estrogens estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) from initial concentrations of 20-25 mg/L, while synthetic estrogen, ethynylestradiol (EE2), was not degraded. Analysis of degradation products of E2 by using HPLC-ECD and a consecutive first-order reaction calculation confirmed that E2 w

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4

Safe, Stephen H., Lea Pallaroni, Kyungsil Yoon, et al. "Toxicology of environmental estrogens." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 13, no. 4 (2001): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd00108.

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It has been hypothesized that environmental contaminants that modulate endocrine signaling pathways may be causally linked to adverse health effects in humans. There has been particular concern regarding synthetic estrogens and their role in disrupting normal development of the male reproductive tract. Most estrogenic industrial compounds, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenol, typically bind estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) and induce transactivation of estrogen-responsive genes/reporter genes, but their potencies are usually ≥1000-fold lower than observed for 17β-estradiol (E2). Se

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Nikov, GN, M. Eshete, RV Rajnarayanan, and WL Alworth. "Interactions of synthetic estrogens with human estrogen receptors." Journal of Endocrinology 170, no. 1 (2001): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1700137.

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Synthetic estrogens have diverse chemical structures and may either positively or negatively affect the estrogenic signaling pathways through interactions with the estrogen receptors (ERs). Modeling studies suggest that 4-(1-adamantyl)phenol (AdP) and 4,4'-(1,3-adamantanediyl)diphenol (AdDP) can bind in the ligand binding site of ERalpha. We used fluorescence polarization (FP) to compare the binding affinities of AdP, AdDP and 2-(1-adamantyl)-4-methylphenol (AdMP) for human ERalpha and ERbeta with the binding affinities of the known ER ligands, diethylstilbestrol (DES) and 4hydroxytamoxifen (4

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Hammett, Kirsten M., Gary K. Felton, Daniel J. Fisher, Lance T. Yonkos, Elizabeth J. Mullin, and Diana S. Aga. "Integrated Assessment of Aqueously Extractable Estrogens in Municipal Biosolids after Pilot-Scale Composting." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 5 (2017): 1645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12241.

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Abstract. Municipal biosolids contain natural estrogens, e.g., 17ß-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), and synthetic estrogens, e.g., 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2), which can be transported to receiving waters via runoff when land-applied as fertilizer. Previous studies have investigated estrogens in runoff from biosolids-amended fields but have not tracked changes in estrogenicity within this water over time. Microbial conversion of conjugated estrogens (a major portion of water-extractable estrogens) to parent forms may result in temporary increases in estrogenicity in natural water bodies. The pr

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7

Walters, M. J., T. J. Brown, R. B. Hochberg, and N. J. MacLusky. "In vitro autoradiographic visualization of occupied estrogen receptors in the rat brain with an iodinated estrogen ligand." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 41, no. 9 (1993): 1279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/41.9.8354873.

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Methods have been developed for the selective measurement of occupied estrogen receptors (ER) in brain tissue sections. Cryostat sections of unfixed tissue were incubated with radiolabeled estrogen at physiological temperatures, displacing endogenous receptor-bound estrogen by radioligand and thereby allowing the receptor complexes to be visualized autoradiographically after washing to remove nonspecifically bound steroid. The resultant autoradiographs were analyzed by computer-assisted densitometry. Synthetic 11 beta-methoxy-substituted radiolabeled estrogens gave the best autoradiographic im

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8

Peretz, Jackye, Andrew Pekosz, Andrew P. Lane, and Sabra L. Klein. "Estrogenic compounds reduce influenza A virus replication in primary human nasal epithelial cells derived from female, but not male, donors." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 310, no. 5 (2016): L415—L425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00398.2015.

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Influenza causes an acute infection characterized by virus replication in respiratory epithelial cells. The severity of influenza and other respiratory diseases changes over the life course and during pregnancy in women, suggesting that sex steroid hormones, such as estrogens, may be involved. Using primary, differentiated human nasal epithelial cell (hNEC) cultures from adult male and female donors, we exposed cultures to the endogenous 17β-estradiol (E2) or select estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and then infected cultures with a seasonal influenza A virus (IAV) to determine whether estr

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9

Almeida, Maria, Michaël R. Laurent, Vanessa Dubois, et al. "Estrogens and Androgens in Skeletal Physiology and Pathophysiology." Physiological Reviews 97, no. 1 (2017): 135–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00033.2015.

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Estrogens and androgens influence the growth and maintenance of the mammalian skeleton and are responsible for its sexual dimorphism. Estrogen deficiency at menopause or loss of both estrogens and androgens in elderly men contribute to the development of osteoporosis, one of the most common and impactful metabolic diseases of old age. In the last 20 years, basic and clinical research advances, genetic insights from humans and rodents, and newer imaging technologies have changed considerably the landscape of our understanding of bone biology as well as the relationship between sex steroids and

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10

Penning, Trevor M. "Genotoxicity of ortho-quinones: reactive oxygen species versus covalent modification." Toxicol. Res. 6, no. 6 (2017): 740–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tx00223h.

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o-Quinones are formed metabolically from natural and synthetic estrogens as well as upon exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and contribute to estrogen and PAH carcinogenesis by genotoxic mechanisms.

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11

Lust, M., J. Makinia, and H. D. Stensel. "A mechanistic model for fate and removal of estrogens in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 6 (2012): 1130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.958.

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Two estrogen fate and transformation models were integrated with a comprehensive activated sludge model (ASM) to predict estrogen removal based on biomass and solids production. Model predictions were evaluated against published full-scale plant data as well as results from a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed synthetic wastewater. The estrogen fate model relating the rate of total estrogen degradation to soluble estrogen concentrations successfully predicted estrogen removals when compared with measured concentrations. Model fit 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) biodegradation rate

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12

Ashby, John. "The First Synthetic Estrogen." Environmental Health Perspectives 106, no. 5 (1998): A221. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3433999.

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13

Martin-Jiménez, Cynthia, Diana Milena Gaitán-Vaca, Natalia Areiza, et al. "Astrocytes Mediate Protective Actions of Estrogenic Compounds after Traumatic Brain Injury." Neuroendocrinology 108, no. 2 (2018): 142–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000495078.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem. It may result in severe neurological disabilities and in a variety of cellular metabolic alterations for which available therapeutic strategies are limited. In the last decade, the use of estrogenic compounds, which activate protective mechanisms in astrocytes, has been explored as a potential experimental therapeutic approach. Previous works have suggested estradiol (E2) as a neuroprotective hormone that acts in the brain by binding to estrogen receptors (ERs). Several steroidal and nonsteroidal estrogenic compounds can imitate

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14

Jordan, V. Craig. "The new biology of estrogen-induced apoptosis applied to treat and prevent breast cancer." Endocrine-Related Cancer 22, no. 1 (2014): R1—R31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-14-0448.

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The successful use of high-dose synthetic estrogens to treat postmenopausal metastatic breast cancer is the first effective ‘chemical therapy’ proven in clinical trial to treat any cancer. This review documents the clinical use of estrogen for breast cancer treatment or estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in postmenopausal hysterectomized women, which can either result in breast cancer cell growth or breast cancer regression. This has remained a paradox since the 1950s until the discovery of the new biology of estrogen-induced apoptosis at the end of the 20th century. The key to triggering apop

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15

Tamura, Fumiya, Shintaro Sugimoto, Mana Sugimoto, et al. "The Effect of a Synthetic Estrogen, Ethinylestradiol, on the hERG Block by E-4031." Biomolecules 11, no. 9 (2021): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11091385.

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Inhibition of K+-conductance through the human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) channel leads to QT prolongation and is associated with cardiac arrhythmias. We previously reported that physiological concentrations of some estrogens partially suppress the hERG channel currents by interacting with the S6 residue F656 and increase the sensitivity of hERG blockade by E-4031. Although these studies suggested that clinically used synthetic estrogens with similar structures have the marked potential to alter hERG functions, the hERG interactions with synthetic estrogens have not been assessed. We th

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Ginley-Hidinger, Matthew, Julia B. Carleton, Adriana C. Rodriguez, Kristofer C. Berrett, and Jason Gertz. "Sufficiency analysis of estrogen responsive enhancers using synthetic activators." Life Science Alliance 2, no. 5 (2019): e201900497. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201900497.

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Multiple regulatory regions bound by the same transcription factor have been shown to simultaneously control a single gene’s expression. However, it remains unclear how these regulatory regions combine to regulate transcription. Here, we test the sufficiency of promoter-distal estrogen receptor α-binding sites (ERBSs) for activating gene expression by recruiting synthetic activators in the absence of estrogens. Targeting either dCas9-VP16(10x) or dCas9-p300(core) to ERBS induces H3K27ac and activates nearby expression in a manner similar to an estrogen induction, with dCas9-VP16(10x) acting as

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Abramenko, Nikita, Fréderic Vellieux, Petra Tesařová, et al. "Estrogen Receptor Modulators in Viral Infections Such as SARS−CoV−2: Therapeutic Consequences." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (2021): 6551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126551.

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COVID-19 is a pandemic respiratory disease caused by the SARS−CoV−2 coronavirus. The worldwide epidemiologic data showed higher mortality in males compared to females, suggesting a hypothesis about the protective effect of estrogens against severe disease progression with the ultimate end being patient’s death. This article summarizes the current knowledge regarding the potential effect of estrogens and other modulators of estrogen receptors on COVID-19. While estrogen receptor activation shows complex effects on the patient’s organism, such as an influence on the cardiovascular/pulmonary/immu

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18

Britt, KL, and JK Findlay. "Estrogen actions in the ovary revisited." Journal of Endocrinology 175, no. 2 (2002): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1750269.

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Estrogens are synonymous with fertility and infertility in mammals. Our knowledge of the biological actions of estrogens, however, is incomplete. Three recent developments have thrown new light on the actions of estrogens in mammalian reproduction that will lead to a greater understanding of their functions. They are (a) the identification of a second estrogen receptor, called ERbeta, (b) the identification of ligand-specific ER coactivators and (c) mouse models with targeted disruption of the genes encoding both ER and the aromatase enzyme. These models provide for the first time animals whic

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19

Zhu, Bao Ting, Gui-Zhen Han, Joong-Youn Shim, Yujing Wen та Xiang-Rong Jiang. "Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of Various Endogenous Estrogen Metabolites for Human Estrogen Receptor α and β Subtypes: Insights into the Structural Determinants Favoring a Differential Subtype Binding". Endocrinology 147, № 9 (2006): 4132–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-0113.

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To search for endogenous estrogens that may have preferential binding affinity for human estrogen receptor (ER) α or β subtype and also to gain insights into the structural determinants favoring differential subtype binding, we studied the binding affinities of 74 natural or synthetic estrogens, including more than 50 steroidal analogs of estradiol-17β (E2) and estrone (E1) for human ERα and ERβ. Many of the endogenous estrogen metabolites retained varying degrees of similar binding affinity for ERα and ERβ, but some of them retained differential binding affinity for the two subtypes. For inst

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Sinkevicius, Kerstin W., Muriel Laine, Tamara L. Lotan, Karolina Woloszyn, John H. Richburg та Geoffrey L. Greene. "Estrogen-Dependent and -Independent Estrogen Receptor-α Signaling Separately Regulate Male Fertility". Endocrinology 150, № 6 (2009): 2898–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-1016.

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Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) plays a critical role in male reproductive tract development and fertility. To determine whether estrogen-dependent and -independent ERα mechanisms are involved in male fertility, we examined male estrogen nonresponsive ERα knock-in mice. These animals have a point mutation (G525L) in the ligand-binding domain of ERα that significantly reduces interaction with, and response to, endogenous estrogens but does not affect growth factor activation of ligand-independent ERα pathways. Surprisingly, we found that ligand-independent ERα signaling is essential for concentrating

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21

Wang, Li-Hsuan, Li-Ru Chen, and Kuo-Hu Chen. "In Vitro and Vivo Identification, Metabolism and Action of Xenoestrogens: An Overview." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (2021): 4013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084013.

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Xenoestrogens (XEs) are substances that imitate endogenous estrogens to affect the physiologic functions of humans or other animals. As endocrine disruptors, they can be either synthetic or natural chemical compounds derived from diet, pesticides, cosmetics, plastics, plants, industrial byproducts, metals, and medications. By mimicking the chemical structure that is naturally occurring estrogen compounds, synthetic XEs, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), bisphenol A (BPA), and diethylstilbestrol (DES), are considered the focus of a group of exogenous chemical. On the other hand, nature

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22

Shapiro, Martin, and Robert A. Argauer. "Stilbenes as enhancers for gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nucleopolyhedrovirus." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 1 (2003): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n01-103.

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AbstractThe stilbenes 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid, 4-aminostilbene disulfonic acid, and dinitrostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid were tested as enhancers for the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdNPV). 4-Amino nitrostilbene disulfonic acid had no effect on the activity (LC50) of LdNPV, whereas both 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid and 4-aminostilbene disulfonic acid were inhibitory. Diethylstilbestrol, a stilbene synthetic estrogen, and two synthetic estrogens (i.e., estradiol-17-acetate, estrone acetate) had no effects on viral activity. Two stilben

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Bistan, Mirjana, Romana Logar, and Tatjana Tišler. "Detection of estrogenic activity in Slovenian wastewaters by bioassay." Open Life Sciences 6, no. 5 (2011): 829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-011-0064-2.

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AbstractEstrogenic activity has been detected in aquatic ecosystems across the world. However, there is a lack of such data for Slovenian wastewaters and surface waters. The Slovenian monitoring program of effluents discharged into surface waters does not require that emissions of natural and synthetic estrogens into aquatic environments be assessed and controlled. In our study, we assessed the potential estrogenicity of wastewater samples from three wastewater treatment plants using a yeast estrogen screen assay (YES assay). Due to the high inhibition of yeast growth in samples obtained durin

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Pinto, Caroline, Marina Grimaldi, Abdelhay Boulahtouf, et al. "Selectivity of natural, synthetic and environmental estrogens for zebrafish estrogen receptors." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 280, no. 1 (2014): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2014.07.020.

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Liu, Ji-tian, Truman J. Do, Christopher J. Simmons, et al. "Total synthesis of diptoindonesin G and its analogues as selective modulators of estrogen receptors." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 14, no. 38 (2016): 8927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob01657j.

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26

Zhao, Lixia, Shuhua Chen, and Roberta D. Brinton. "An Estrogen Replacement Therapy Containing Nine Synthetic Plant-Based Conjugated Estrogens Promotes Neuronal Survival." Experimental Biology and Medicine 228, no. 7 (2003): 823–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15353702-0322807-08.

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Epidemiological data from retrospective and case–control studies have indicated that estrogen replacement therapy can decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, estrogen replacement therapy has been found to promote neuronal survival both in vivo and in vitro. We have shown that conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), containing 238 different molecules composed of estrogens, progestins, and androgens, exerted neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in cultured neurons. In the current study, we sought to determine whether a steroidal formulation of nine synthetic conjugated e

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Metzger, Deborah A., and Charles B. Hammond. "Are Estrogens Indicated for the Treatment of Postmenopausal Women?" Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 22, no. 6 (1988): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808802200613.

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A woman in the U.S. can now expect to live for 30 years or more past the menopause in a state of estrogen deprivation. Hypoestrogenic-associated conditions can be managed by a variety of medical regimens and lifestyle changes, but estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is the most specific and universal treatment for all of the above conditions. Although concern for potential risks has limited its acceptance, the benefits of ERT extend beyond the amelioration of estrogen deprivation symptoms. Evidence is accumulating that ERT may offer protection from cardiovascular atherogenic disease. Several of

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Britt, K. L., E. R. Simpson, and J. K. Findlay. "158. Effects of phytoestrogens on the ovarian and pituitary phenotypes of oestrogen deficient female aromatase knockout mice." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 9 (2004): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb04abs158.

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Phytoestrogens can induce both estrogen agonistic and antagonistic effects, depending on the tissue, estrogen receptor content and endogenous levels of estrogen. Dietary phytoestrogens are promoted as alternatives to synthetic estrogens for hormone replacement therapy, however their effects on the reproductive axis have not been exhaustively studied in vivo. Female aromatase knockout mouse (ArKO) mice are estrogen-free, and anovulatory with a block in folliculogenesis, hemorrhagic cysts and development of Sertoli cells within their ovaries. We evaluated the ArKO mouse as a model to test the ef

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Carroll, Kelli J., Michael C. Dovey, Claire C. Cutting, et al. "Estrogen Receptors 1 and 2 Have Stage-Specific Effects on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Regulation In Zebrafish." Blood 116, no. 21 (2010): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1617.1617.

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Abstract Abstract 1617 The intrinsic signaling pathways regulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are increasingly well recognized. However, less is known about how in utero exposure to common environmental xenobiotic compounds may alter HSC development and increase the risk of carcinogenesis. RUNX1 (AML1), required for definitive HSC induction in all vertebrates, is the target of frequent chromosomal alterations associated with leukemia. Through a chemical genetic screen for modifiers of runx1 expression in the zebrafish, estrogen-related compounds were identified. Here, we found that exposur

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Smits, J., C. Guguta, I. Eeuwijk, and R. de Gelder. "Structural diversity of synthetic estrogen solvates." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 63, a1 (2007): s208—s209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767307095256.

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Yang, W., H. Zhou та N. Cicek. "Removal mechanisms of 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol in membrane bioreactors". Water Science and Technology 66, № 6 (2012): 1263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.309.

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The fate and behavior of natural and synthetic estrogens in wastewater treatment processes is currently of increasing concern all over the world. In this study, the removal mechanisms of a natural estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2), and a synthetic estrogen, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were investigated in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) with and without powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition. The experimental results showed that the average removal rates of E2 and EE2 by the MBR without PAC addition were 89.0 and 70.9%; PAC addition in the MBR increased the removal rate of E2 and EE2 by 3.4 and 15.8%,

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Forghani, Mahrokh, Gholamreza Sadeghi, and Mazyar Peyda. "The Presence of 17 Beta-Estradiol in the Environment: Health Effects and Increasing Environmental Concerns." International Journal of Epidemiologic Research 5, no. 4 (2018): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijer.2018.31.

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Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) as active biological compounds can pose a threat to the environment through acute and chronic toxicity in organisms, accumulation in the ecosystem, and loss of habitats and biodiversity. They also have a range of possible adverse effects on environmental and ecological health. Estradiol, as one of the natural estrogenic hormones released by the humans and livestock, may exert endocrine-disrupting effects on the nanogram-per-liter range and cause serious problems for the aquatic organisms and animals in many aquatic systems. Various studies have reported th

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Wang, Xiaoqiang, Desiree Ha, Ryohei Yoshitake, Yin S. Chan, David Sadava, and Shiuan Chen. "Exploring the Biological Activity and Mechanism of Xenoestrogens and Phytoestrogens in Cancers: Emerging Methods and Concepts." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (2021): 8798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168798.

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Xenoestrogens and phytoestrogens are referred to as “foreign estrogens” that are produced outside of the human body and have been shown to exert estrogen-like activity. Xenoestrogens are synthetic industrial chemicals, whereas phytoestrogens are chemicals present in the plant. Considering that these environmental estrogen mimics potentially promote hormone-related cancers, an understanding of how they interact with estrogenic pathways in human cells is crucial to resolve their possible impacts in cancer. Here, we conducted an extensive literature evaluation on the origins of these chemicals, e

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Yakimchuk, Konstantin, Chandrashekar Bangalore Revanna, Dan Huang, Jose Inzunza, and Sam Okret. "Suppression of lymphoma growth by the xenoestrogens bisphenol A and genistein." Endocrine Connections 7, no. 12 (2018): 1472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-18-0459.

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Well-defined physiological functions of estrogens are mediated via nuclear estrogen receptors α (ESR1) and β (ESR2). With regard to hematological malignancies, expression of ESR2 has been found in both B and T cell lymphomas. In addition to endogenous estrogens or selective ESR2 agonists, ESR2 signaling may be affected by both environmental synthetic estrogen-mimicking compounds and dietary phytoestrogens. In the present study, we demonstrate that oral exposure with either the synthetic compound bisphenol A (BPA) or the dietary phytoestrogen genistein reduced the growth of grafted murine T cel

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Watanabe, Masatada, Shuji Ohno та Hiroshi Wachi. "Effect of β-agonist on the dexamethasone-induced expression of aromatase by the human monocyte cells". Endocrine Connections 6, № 2 (2017): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-16-0099.

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Emerging evidence suggests that sex steroids are important for human skin health. In particular, estrogen improves skin thickness, elasticity and moisture of older women. The major source of circulating estrogen is the ovary; however, local estrogen synthesis and secretion have important roles in, for example, bone metabolism and breast cancer development. We hypothesized that infiltrated peripheral monocytes are one of the sources of estrogen in skin tissues. We also hypothesized that, during atopic dermatitis under stress, a decline in the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) and facili

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Shukla, Akshara, Rohitash Jamwal, and Kumud Bala. "ADVERSE EFFECT OF COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 1 (2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i1.14565.

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ABSTRACTOral contraceptive (OC) pills contain estrogen and progestin that are synthetic analogs of natural hormones. These synthetic hormones affectthe hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis of the female reproductive system. There are many types of contraceptives; most of the OC pills preventpregnancy by inhibiting ovulation. Estrogen and progestin are two female reproductive hormones that are critical. Typically, estradiol is producedby growing follicle (ovaries) which stimulates the hypothalamus to produce the gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which further stimulates theanterior pituitary to pr

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Cajthaml, Tomáš, Zdena Křesinová, Kateřina Svobodová, Karel Sigler та Tomáš Řezanka. "Microbial transformation of synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol". Environmental Pollution 157, № 12 (2009): 3325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.06.027.

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Wang, X. H., and V. Ivanov. "Microbial structure of nitrifying granules and their estrogens degradation properties." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 9 (2009): 1855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.218.

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It has been known that endocrine disruption compounds such as natural estrogens estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol, and synthetic steroid 17a-ethynylestradiol can be degraded by nitrifying bacteria. The aim of this research was to test biodegradation of estrogens by microbial granules containing nitrifying bacteria. Cultivation of microbial granules was performed in sequencing batch reactor in model wastewater with carbon to nitrogen ratio of 100:30 by weight. After the system reached the steady state, the mean diameter of granules, sludge volume index of granular biomass, and biomass concentrati

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Savoldi, G., F. Ferrari, G. Ruggeri, L. Sobek, A. Albertini, and D. Di Lorenzo. "Progesterone agonists and antagonists induce down– and up–regulation of estrogen receptors and estrogen inducible genes in human breast cancer cell lines." International Journal of Biological Markers 10, no. 1 (1995): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460089501000109.

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The effects of the synthetic progestin R5020 and the antiprogestin RU486 on the cellular content of estrogen receptors (ER) and on cell responsiveness to estrogens, have been investigated in the sex hormone-sensitive human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D. When T47D cells were treated with R5020 (Promegestone) (10–8 M), ER was down-regulated to about 50% of the control level in a time-dependent manner. Maximum down-regulation was observed after 24 hours and remained at this level for the next 24 hours. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or dexamethasone (DEX) had no effect on ER sites. R5020 als

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Paulmurugan, Ramasamy, Anobel Tamrazi, John A. Katzenellenbogen, Benita S. Katzenellenbogen та Sanjiv S. Gambhir. "A Human Estrogen Receptor (ER)α Mutation with Differential Responsiveness to Nonsteroidal Ligands: Novel Approaches for Studying Mechanism of ER Action". Molecular Endocrinology 22, № 7 (2008): 1552–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2007-0570.

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Abstract Estrogens, acting through the estrogen receptors (ERs), play crucial roles in regulating the function of reproductive and other systems under physiological and pathological conditions. ER activity in regulating target genes is modulated by the binding of both steroidal and synthetic nonsteroidal ligands, with ligand binding inducing ERs to adopt various conformations that control their interactions with transcriptional coregulators. Previously, we developed an intramolecular folding sensor with a mutant form of ERα (ERG521T) that proved to be essentially unresponsive to the endogenous

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Cordey, Myriam, Usha Gundimeda, Rayudu Gopalakrishna та Christian J. Pike. "The synthetic estrogen 4-estren-3α,17β-diol (estren) induces estrogen-like neuroprotection". Neurobiology of Disease 19, № 1-2 (2005): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2005.01.011.

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Sebkova, Natasa, Martina Cerna, Lukas Ded, Jana Peknicova, and Katerina Dvorakova-Hortova. "The slower the better: how sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction is modified in the presence of estrogens." REPRODUCTION 143, no. 3 (2012): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-11-0326.

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In order for mammalian sperm to obtain a fertilizing ability, they must undergo a complex of molecular changes, called capacitation. During capacitation, steroidal compounds can exert a fast nongenomic response in sperm through their interaction with plasma membrane receptors, and activate crucial signaling pathways leading to time-dependent protein tyrosine phosphorylation (TyrP). Estrogen receptor beta was detected in epididymal mouse sperm; therefore, the effect of 17B-estradiol, estrone, estriol, and 17A-ethynylestradiol on mouse sperm capacitation in vitro was investigated. The effect was

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Ahtiainen, Petteri, Victoria Sharp, Susana B. Rulli та ін. "Enhanced LH action in transgenic female mice expressing hCGβ-subunit induces pituitary prolactinomas; the role of high progesterone levels". Endocrine-Related Cancer 17, № 3 (2010): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc-10-0016.

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The etiology of pituitary adenomas remains largely unknown, with the exception of involvement of estrogens in the formation of prolactinomas. We have examined the molecular pathogenesis of prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas in transgenic female mice expressing the human choriongonadotropin (hCG) β-subunit. The LH/CG bioactivity is elevated in the mice, with consequent highly stimulated ovarian progesterone (P4) production, in the face of normal estrogen secretion. Curiously, despite normal estrogen levels, large prolactinomas developed in these mice, and we provide here several lines of ev

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Zhang, Wanglong, Yu Luo, Li Zhang, Qian Cai, and Xuejun Pan. "Known and emerging factors modulating estrogenic effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals." Environmental Reviews 22, no. 1 (2014): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2013-0047.

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A variety of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have estrogenic effects and are termed xenoestrogens (XEs). The genomic pathway mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs) has been considered the major explanation for the estrogenic effects elicited by XEs. Presently, nongenomic pathways have achieved considerably more attention because the genomic pathways cannot fully elucidate many biological and physiological responses. Genomic and nongenomic pathways act either separately or cooperatively. XEs activate a variety of signaling pathways and downstream kinases, which in turn alter the posttransla

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Jensen, T. K., J. Toppari, N. Keiding, and N. E. Skakkebaek. "Do environmental estrogens contribute to the decline in male reproductive health?" Clinical Chemistry 41, no. 12 (1995): 1896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.12.1896.

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Abstract Several observations suggest that male reproductive health has been declining since World War II in many countries. The incidence of testicular cancer, hypospadias, and cryptorchidism has been increasing and semen quality has been decreasing, and these may have a common etiology. Treatment of several million pregnant women with the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol led to an increase in these conditions among the sons of these women. These abnormalities probably arise during fetal development. The similarity between these effects and the adverse change in male reproductive develop

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Ponte, Charles D., Marian L. Swinker, and Suresh Madhavan. "Estrogen Replacement Therapy: A Pilot Survey of Primary Care Physicians in West Virginia." DICP 23, no. 12 (1989): 977–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808902301204.

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Controversy surrounds the optimal use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) for the management of vasomotor instability and other perimenopausal symptoms. This fact and the obvious lack of published literature regarding physician prescribing behavior led the investigators to explore these issues with primary care physicians in West Virginia. Data were collected using a mailed, self-administered questionnaire. Issues addressed included reasons for using/not using ERT, patient symptoms, type of therapy prescribed, treatment duration, and symptom resolution or rebound. Approximately 2S percent of

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Kuo, Shiu-Ming, and Penny S. Leavitt. "Genistein increases metallothionein expression in human intestinal cells, Caco-2." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 77, no. 2 (1999): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o99-012.

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Flavonoids found in common vegetables, fruits, and legumes have been shown to possess antioxidant property. This study is the first to demonstrate that one member of the flavonoid family, genistein, can induce the expression of metallothionein (a metal-binding protein with antioxidant property). We found the effect of genistein to be time- and dose-dependent (10-100 µM). The effect can be observed at both protein and mRNA levels and was synergistic to that of 30 µM zinc. Genistein was shown previously to interact with the estrogen receptor and induce gene expression similar to estrogens at a l

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Vivacqua, Adele. "GPER1 and microRNA: Two Players in Breast Cancer Progression." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010098.

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Breast cancer is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. However, the molecular pathogenesis of breast cancer remains poorly defined due to its heterogeneity. Several studies have reported that G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER1) plays a crucial role in breast cancer progression, by binding to estrogens or synthetic agonists, like G-1, thus modulating genes involved in diverse biological events, such as cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and metastasis. In addition, it has been established that the dysregulation of short sequences of non-coding RNA, named

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Tanaka, T., K. Yamada, T. Tonosaki, T. Konishi, H. Goto, and M. Taniguchi. "Enzymatic degradation of alkylphenols, bisphenol A, synthetic estrogen and phthalic ester." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 7-8 (2000): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0556.

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Five endocrine disrupting chemicals were degraded enzymatically in model bottom sediments. Since alkylphenols, bisphenol A, synthetic estrogen and phthalic esters are hydrophobic and found to be in bottom sediments in the water environment, we used a model polluted sediment in which those chemicals were adsorbed on sea sand. The concentration of alkylphenols (nonylphenol and octylphenol) and synthetic estrogen (ethynylestradiol) were decreased by fungal laccases which oxidize phenols with the aid of molecular oxygen. Bisphenol A was degraded by laccase from basidiomycetes with the aid of extra

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Kerdivel, Gwenneg, Denis Habauzit, and Farzad Pakdel. "Assessment and Molecular Actions of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals That Interfere with Estrogen Receptor Pathways." International Journal of Endocrinology 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/501851.

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In all vertebrate species, estrogens play a crucial role in the development, growth, and function of reproductive and nonreproductive tissues. A large number of natural or synthetic chemicals present in the environment and diet can interfere with estrogen signaling; these chemicals are called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or xenoestrogens. Some of these compounds have been shown to induce adverse effects on human and animal health, and some compounds are suspected to contribute to diverse disease development. Because xenoestrogens have varying sources and structures and could act in ad

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