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Journal articles on the topic 'Synthetic herbicide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Bish, Mandy D., and Kevin W. Bradley. "Survey of Missouri Pesticide Applicator Practices, Knowledge, and Perceptions." Weed Technology 31, no. 2 (2017): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2016.27.

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The introduction of soybean and cotton traits with resistance to synthetic auxin herbicides has led to an increase in concern over the off-target movement of dicamba and 2,4-D. A direct-mail survey was sent to Missouri pesticide applicators in January of 2016 to understand current herbicide application practices and applicator knowledge and awareness of the new synthetic auxin technologies. Completed surveys were returned by 2,335 applicators, representing approximately 11% of the state’s registered pesticide applicators. Survey data reported herein provides information regarding current pesti

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Anwar, Risvan, and Djatmiko Djatmiko. "Aplikasi Herbisida Ramah Lingkungan pada Kelompok Tani Desa Kungkai Baru Kecamatan Air Periukan Kabupaten Seluma." Abdihaz: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian pada Masyarakat 1, no. 1 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32663/abdihaz.v1i1.749.

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The Application of Environmentally Friendly Herbicide in Farmers Group of Kungkai Baru Village, Air Periukan Subdistrict, Seluma Regency This service program aimed to overcome the problem of aquatic weeds that disrupt the drainage canal and ponds of farmers without killing non-target organisms. The ultimate goal was that farmers wanted to apply weed control techniques using an effective and environmentally friendly herbicide of Unihaz formulation. The method implemented was a demonstration plot. The location of spraying herbicides was chosen on the drainage channel which was already fill

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Timergalin, Maxim D., Arina V. Feoktistova, Timur V. Rameev, Gaisar G. Khudaygulov, Sergei N. Starikov, and Sergei P. Chetverikov. "Agroecological aspects of application of Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 in overcoming herbicidal stress in wheat." BIO Web of Conferences 23 (2020): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202303009.

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This article submits results of laboratory and field experiments on the effect of an auxin-producing bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 in comparison with Pseudomonas koreensis IB-4 on wheat plants in conjunction with the “Chistalan” herbicide treatment. Our work shows the positive effect of bacterial treatments on plant growth, the relative water content in leaves and the role of bacteria in the redistribution of ABA and IAA in wheat shoots under conditions of herbicidal stress. Application of Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 together with the herbicide in the field of the steppe zone led to an incr

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McCauley, Cara L., Scott A. M. McAdam, Ketaki Bhide, Jyothi Thimmapuram, Jo Ann Banks, and Bryan G. Young. "Transcriptomics in Erigeron canadensis reveals rapid photosynthetic and hormonal responses to auxin herbicide application." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 12 (2020): 3701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa124.

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Abstract The perception pathway for endogenous auxin has been well described, yet the mode of action of synthetic auxin herbicides, used for &gt;70 years, remains uncharacterized. We utilized transcriptomics and targeted physiological studies to investigate the unknown rapid response to synthetic auxin herbicides in the globally problematic weed species Erigeron canadensis. Synthetic auxin herbicide application consistently and rapidly down-regulated the photosynthetic machinery. At the same time, there was considerable perturbation to the expression of many genes related to phytohormone m

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Rigon, Carlos A. G., Todd A. Gaines, Anita Küpper, and Franck E. Dayan. "Metabolism-Based Herbicide Resistance, the Major Threat Among the Non-Target Site Resistance Mechanisms." Outlooks on Pest Management 31, no. 4 (2020): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_aug_04.

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Evolution of resistance to pesticides is a problem challenging the sustainability of global food production. Resistance to herbicides is driven by the intense selection pressure imparted by synthetic herbicides on which we rely to manage weeds. Target-site resistance (TSR) mechanisms involve changes to the herbicide target protein and provide resistance only to herbicides within a single mechanism of action. Non-target site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms reduce the quantity of herbicide reaching the target site and/or modify the herbicide. NTSR mechanisms include reduced absorption and/or transl

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Jakubek, Milan, Michal Masařík, Tomáš Bříza, et al. "PPO-Inhibiting Herbicides and Structurally Relevant Schiff Bases: Evaluation of Inhibitory Activities against Human Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase." Processes 9, no. 2 (2021): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020383.

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The study of human protoporphyrinogen oxidase (hPPO) inhibition can contribute significantly to a better understanding of some pathogeneses (e.g., porphyria, herbicide exposure) and the development of anticancer agents. Therefore, we prepared new potential inhibitors with Schiff base structural motifs (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde-based Schiff bases 9–13 and chromanone derivatives 17–19) as structurally relevant to PPO herbicides. The inhibitory activities (represented by the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values) and enzymatic interactions (represented by the hPPO melting temperatures)

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Patton, Aaron J., Daniel V. Weisenberger, and Geoff P. Schortgen. "2,4-D–Resistant Buckhorn Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) in Managed Turf." Weed Technology 32, no. 2 (2018): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2017.98.

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AbstractA population of buckhorn plantain with suspected resistance to 2,4-D was identified in central Indiana following 30 yr of 2,4-D–containing herbicide applications. Our objectives were to (1) confirm and quantify the level of herbicide resistance in the buckhorn plantain population using dose–response experiments and (2) find alternative herbicides that could be used to control this population. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to quantify the dose–response of resistant (R) and susceptible (S) biotypes of buckhorn plantain to both 2,4-D and triclopyr, two synthetic auxin herbicides f

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Coburn, Carl W., Albert T. Adjesiwor, and Andrew R. Kniss. "Creeping Bellflower Response to Glyphosate and Synthetic Auxin Herbicides." HortTechnology 28, no. 1 (2018): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03853-17.

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Creeping bellflower (Campanula rapunculoides) is a difficult to manage weed commonly found in turfgrass and residential areas. We evaluated the efficacy of selected postemergence herbicides (glyphosate, dicamba, clopyralid, quinclorac, and triclopyr) on greenhouse-grown creeping bellflower. The experiment was conducted in Jan. 2016 and repeated in Sept. 2016. Each herbicide was applied at five rates plus a nontreated control. Clopyralid caused greater creeping bellflower biomass reduction and mortality than the other herbicides investigated. The herbicide dose required to cause 50% mortality w

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Solomon, Craig B., and Kevin W. Bradley. "Influence of Application Timings and Sublethal Rates of Synthetic Auxin Herbicides on Soybean." Weed Technology 28, no. 3 (2014): 454–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-13-00145.1.

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Synthetic auxin herbicides have long been utilized for the selective control of broadleaf weeds in a variety of crop and noncrop environments. Recently, two agrochemical companies have begun to develop soybean with resistance to 2,4-D and dicamba which might lead to an increase in the application of these herbicides in soybean production areas in the near future. Additionally, little research has been published pertaining to the effects of a newly-discovered synthetic auxin herbicide, aminocyclopyrachlor, on soybean phytotoxicity. Two field trials were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate th

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Meyer, Christopher J., Jason K. Norsworthy, Bryan G. Young, et al. "Herbicide Program Approaches for Managing Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatusandAmaranthus rudis) in Future Soybean-Trait Technologies." Weed Technology 29, no. 4 (2015): 716–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-15-00045.1.

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Herbicide-resistantAmaranthusspp. continue to cause management difficulties in soybean. New soybean technologies under development, including resistance to various combinations of glyphosate, glufosinate, dicamba, 2,4-D, isoxaflutole, and mesotrione, will make possible the use of additional herbicide sites of action in soybean than is currently available. When this research was conducted, these soybean traits were still regulated and testing herbicide programs with the appropriate soybean genetics in a single experiment was not feasible. Therefore, the effectiveness of various herbicide progra

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Ogierman, Leonard. "Gas Chromatography of Uracil Herbicides by On-Column Methylation with Trimethylanilinium Hydroxide." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 5 (1986): 912–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.5.912.

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Abstract Substituted uracil herbicides injected into a gas chromatograph react with trimethylanilinium hydroxide to give iV-methyl derivatives with good gas chromatographic properties. Maximum methylation is obtained when the molar ratio of methylating reagent to herbicide is ca 4:1. This technique for preparing derivatives provides rapid qualitative and quantitative chromatography of the substances examined. Chromatographic response was linear with increased concentration for the synthetic standard and the on-column product of uracil herbicide. The proposed derivatization method was used to a

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Gobi, Muthukaruppan, and Paramasamy Gunasekaran. "Effect of Butachlor Herbicide on EarthwormEisenia fetida—Its Histological Perspicuity." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2010 (2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/850758.

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With the advent of the Green Revolution, there has been a quantum leap in the use of synthetic herbicides and pesticides throughout the world to sustain high yielding crop varieties. Continuous use of these synthetic chemicals leads to loss of soil fertility and soil organisms. To explore the effect of exposure to commercial herbicide (Butachlor) on the life history parameters (biomass, clitellum development, and cocoon production) and the histological changes in the earthwormEisenia fetidaover 60 days, the dried cow dung was contaminated with 0.2575 mgkg−1, 0.5150 mgkg−1, and 2.5750 mgkg−1of

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Shaner, Dale L. "Lessons Learned From the History of Herbicide Resistance." Weed Science 62, no. 2 (2014): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-13-00109.1.

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The selection of herbicide-resistant weed populations began with the introduction of synthetic herbicides in the late 1940s. For the first 20 years after introduction, there were limited reported cases of herbicide-resistant weeds. This changed in 1968 with the discovery of triazine-resistant common groundsel. Over the next 15 yr, the cases of herbicide-resistant weeds increased, primarily to triazine herbicides. Although triazine resistance was widespread, the resistant biotypes were highly unfit and were easily controlled with specific alternative herbicides. Weed scientists presumed that th

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Gaines, Todd A., Stephen O. Duke, Sarah Morran, et al. "Mechanisms of evolved herbicide resistance." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 30 (2020): 10307–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.rev120.013572.

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The widely successful use of synthetic herbicides over the past 70 years has imposed strong and widespread selection pressure, leading to the evolution of herbicide resistance in hundreds of weed species. Both target-site resistance (TSR) and nontarget-site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms have evolved to most herbicide classes. TSR often involves mutations in genes encoding the protein targets of herbicides, affecting the binding of the herbicide either at or near catalytic domains or in regions affecting access to them. Most of these mutations are nonsynonymous SNPs, but polymorphisms in more th

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Evans, Cody M., Seth A. Strom, Dean E. Riechers, Adam S. Davis, Patrick J. Tranel, and Aaron G. Hager. "Characterization of a waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) population from Illinois resistant to herbicides from five site-of-action groups." Weed Technology 33, no. 03 (2019): 400–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.19.

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AbstractExperiments were initiated to characterize a waterhemp population (CHR) discovered in a central Illinois corn field after it was not controlled by the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor topramezone. Field experiments conducted during 2014–2015 indicated that acetolactate synthase (ALS)-, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-, photosystem II (PSII)-, and HPPD-inhibiting herbicides and the synthetic auxin 2,4-D did not control the CHR population. Laboratory experiments confirmed target site–based resistance mechanisms to ALS- and PPO-inhibiting herbicides. Herbicide doses r

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Liu, Xiangying, Shihai Xiang, Tao Zong, et al. "Herbicide resistance in China: a quantitative review." Weed Science 67, no. 6 (2019): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2019.46.

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AbstractThe widespread, rapid evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds is a serious and escalating agronomic problem worldwide. During China’s economic boom, the country became one of the most important herbicide producers and consumers in the world, and herbicide resistance has dramatically increased in the past decade and has become a serious threat to agriculture. Here, following an evidence-based PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) approach, we carried out a systematic review to quantitatively assess herbicide resistance in China. Multiple weed species

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Warmund, Michele R., David H. Trinklein, Mark R. Ellersieck, and Reid J. Smeda. "Antitranspirants Partially Mitigate Auxin Herbicide Injury on Tomato Plants." HortScience 56, no. 8 (2021): 932–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15888-21.

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The use of dicamba and 2,4-D products on herbicide-tolerant crops has resulted in numerous cases of off-target movement and injury to sensitive plants, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.). Two greenhouse studies were conducted to determine whether ‘Big Beef’ (‘BB’) or ‘Florida 91’ (‘FL’) tomato plants pretreated with an antitranspirant, including Moisture-Loc (ML) at 100 mL·L−1, TransFilm (TF) at 50 g·L−1, or Wilt-Pruf (WP) at 100 mL·L−1, mitigated injury from synthetic auxin herbicides. Dicamba or 2,4-D was applied at a rate corresponding to 1/200 of the manufacturer’s labeled rate of

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Prince, Joby M., David R. Shaw, Wade A. Givens, et al. "Benchmark Study: III. Survey on Changing Herbicide Use Patterns in Glyphosate-Resistant Cropping Systems." Weed Technology 26, no. 3 (2012): 536–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-11-00093.1.

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Approximately 1,300 growers from 22 states were surveyed during 2010 to determine herbicide use. Cropping systems included continuous glyphosate-resistant corn, cotton, and soybean, and various combinations of these crops and rotations with non–glyphosate-resistant crops. The most commonly used herbicide for both fall and spring applications was glyphosate followed by synthetic auxin herbicides. Herbicide application in spring was favored over application in the fall. The percentage of growers in a glyphosate-only system was as high as 69% for some cropping systems. Excluding glyphosate, the m

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Stankiewicz-Kosyl, Marta, Agnieszka Synowiec, Małgorzata Haliniarz, et al. "Herbicide Resistance and Management Options of Papaver rhoeas L. and Centaurea cyanus L. in Europe: A Review." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (2020): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060874.

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Corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) and cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) are two overwintering weed species found in crop fields in Europe. They are characterised by a similar life cycle, similar competitive efforts, and a spectrum of herbicides recommended for their control. This review summarises the biology and herbicide resistance phenomena of corn poppy and cornflower in Europe. Corn poppy is one of the most dangerous dicotyledonous weeds, having developed herbicide resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors and growth regulators, especially in Mediterranean countries and Great Britain. Ta

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Siddique, AB, and BS Ismail. "Rice Ecosystem, Allelopathy and Environment A Review." Agriculturists 11, no. 1 (2013): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i1.15251.

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Allelopathy is an important factor which contributes in determining distribution of species and their abundance within communities. Plant-plant interference is the combined effect of allelopathy, resource competition, and many other factors. Weed infestation is a major problem limiting the growth and yield of rice. Synthetic herbicide has been used for over 50 years as the prime source of weed control. The repeated use of herbicides in rice has already led to the evolution of resistance in some weed species. The conventional synthetic herbicides are becoming less effective against the resistan

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Merwin, Ian, Dave Rosenberger, and Cathy Engle. "073 A COMPARISON OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC MULCHES WITH CONVENTIONAL ORCHARD-FLOOR MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 438d—438. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.438d.

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In several northeastern USDA Low-Input Sustainable Agriculture (LISA) projects, we compared natural (hay-straw, wood-chips, recycled newspaper pulp) and synthetic (polypropylene films and polyester fabrics) mulch materials with mowed sodgrass, tillage, and residual herbicides, as orchard groundcover management systems (GMS). Treatments were applied in 2m-wide strips under newly planted apple (Malus domestica cvs. Liberty, Empire, Freedom. and others) trees on MARK rootstock, planted at 3 by 5m spacing, in 1990. Edaphic, economic, tree nutritional and fruit yield impacts of these GMS were evalu

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EBERHARDT, D. S., A. M. OLIVEIRA NETO, J. A. NOLDIN, and R. M. VANTI. "Barnyardgrass with Multiple Resistance to Synthetic Auxin, ALS and Accase Inhibitors." Planta Daninha 34, no. 4 (2016): 823–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582016340400023.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to confirm the resistance of a barnyardgrass biotype (Echinochloa crus-galli) to herbicides quinclorac (synthetic auxin), penoxsulam (ALS inhibitor) and cyhalofop-butyl (ACCase inhibitor). Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse located in Itajaí, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. One experiment evaluating the biotype ECH 18 (known as susceptible) and one with the ECH 141 biotype (suspected to be multiple resistant). The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 4 x 7 factorial arrangement with four replications. The first fact

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Bunchek, Jess M., John M. Wallace, William S. Curran, David A. Mortensen, Mark J. VanGessel, and Barbara A. Scott. "Alternative performance targets for integrating cover crops as a proactive herbicide-resistance management tool." Weed Science 68, no. 5 (2020): 534–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2020.49.

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AbstractIntensified cover-cropping practices are increasingly viewed as a herbicide-resistance management tool but clear distinction between reactive and proactive resistance management performance targets is needed. We evaluated two proactive performance targets for integrating cover-cropping tactics, including (1) facilitation of reduced herbicide inputs and (2) reduced herbicide selection pressure. We conducted corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] field experiments in Pennsylvania and Delaware using synthetic weed seedbanks of horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist]

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WATKINS, K. BRADLEY, DAVID R. GEALY, MERLE M. ANDERS, and RANJITSINH U. MANE. "AN ECONOMIC RISK ANALYSIS OF WEED-SUPPRESSIVE RICE CULTIVARS IN CONVENTIONAL RICE PRODUCTION." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 50, no. 4 (2018): 478–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2018.9.

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AbstractWeed-suppressive rice cultivars have the potential to reduce heavy reliance on synthetic herbicides in rice production. However, the economics of using weed-suppressive rice cultivars in conventional rice systems have not been fully evaluated. This study uses simulation and stochastic efficiency with respect to a function to rank weed-suppressive and weed-nonsuppressive rice cultivars under alternative herbicide intensity levels based on their certainty equivalents mapped across increasing levels of absolute risk aversion. The results indicate risk-averse rice producers would prefer to

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Duke, Stephen O. "Biotechnology to reduce synthetic herbicide use." Phytoparasitica 31, no. 5 (2003): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02979734.

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Chekan, Jonathan R., Chayanid Ongpipattanakul, Terry R. Wright, et al. "Molecular basis for enantioselective herbicide degradation imparted by aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenases in transgenic plants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 27 (2019): 13299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900711116.

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The synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an active ingredient of thousands of commercial herbicides. Multiple species of bacteria degrade 2,4-D via a pathway initiated by the Fe(II) and α-ketoglutarate (Fe/αKG)-dependent aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenases (AADs). Recently, genes encoding 2 AADs have been deployed commercially in herbicide-tolerant crops. Some AADs can also inactivate chiral phenoxypropionate and aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) herbicides, albeit with varying substrate enantioselectivities. Certain AAD enzymes, such as AAD-1, have expanded utility in weed contro

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Verdeguer, Mercedes, Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras, and Fabrizio Araniti. "Phytotoxic Effects and Mechanism of Action of Essential Oils and Terpenoids." Plants 9, no. 11 (2020): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111571.

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Weeds are one of the major constraints in crop production affecting both yield and quality. The excessive and exclusive use of synthetic herbicides for their management is increasing the development of herbicide-resistant weeds and is provoking risks for the environment and human health. Therefore, the development of new herbicides with multitarget-site activity, new modes of action and low impact on the environment and health are badly needed. The study of plant–plant interactions through the release of secondary metabolites could be a starting point for the identification of new molecules wi

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Lewis, Dustin F., Matthew D. Jeffries, Travis W. Gannon, Robert J. Richardson, and Fred H. Yelverton. "Persistence and Bioavailability of Aminocyclopyrachlor and Clopyralid in Turfgrass Clippings: Recycling Clippings for Additional Weed Control." Weed Science 62, no. 3 (2014): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-13-00119.1.

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The synthetic auxin herbicides, aminocyclopyrachlor and clopyralid, control dicotyledonous weeds in turf. Clippings of turfgrass treated with synthetic auxin herbicides have injured off-target plants exposed to herbicide-laden clippings. Labels of aminocyclopyrachlor and clopyralid recommend that clippings of treated turfgrass remain on the turf following a mowing event. Alternative uses for synthetic auxin-treated turfgrass clippings are needed because large quantities of clippings on the turf surface interfere with the functionality and aesthetics of golf courses, athletic fields, and reside

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ROUX, FABRICE, and XAVIER REBOUD. "Is the cost of herbicide resistance expressed in the breakdown of the relationships between characters? A case study using synthetic-auxin-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana mutants." Genetical Research 85, no. 2 (2005): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672305007378.

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A mutation endowing herbicide resistance is often found to induce a parallel morphological or fitness penalty. To test whether such ‘cost’ of resistance to herbicides is expressed through lower resource acquisition, changes in resource allocation, or both, is of ecological significance. Here, we analysed 12 morphological traits in 900 plants covering three herbicide resistance mutations at genes AUX1, AXR1 and AXR2 in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Comparing these 2,4-D herbicide-resistant homozygous (RR) and heterozygous (RS) plants to homozygous susceptible (SS) plants, this analysi

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Egan, J. Franklin, Kathryn M. Barlow, and David A. Mortensen. "A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of 2,4-D and Dicamba Drift on Soybean and Cotton." Weed Science 62, no. 1 (2014): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-13-00025.1.

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Commercial introduction of cultivars of soybean and cotton genetically modified with resistance to the synthetic auxin herbicides dicamba and 2,4-D will allow these compounds to be used with greater flexibility but may expose susceptible soybean and cotton cultivars to nontarget herbicide drift. From past experience, it is well known that soybean and cotton are both highly sensitive to low-dose exposures of dicamba and 2,4-D. In this study, a meta-analysis approach was used to synthesize data from over seven decades of simulated drift experiments in which investigators treated soybean and cott

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Flessner, Michael L., Roland R. Dute, and J. Scott McElroy. "Anatomical Response of St. Augustinegrass to Aminocyclopyrachlor Treatment." Weed Science 59, no. 2 (2011): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-10-00116.1.

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Aminocyclopyrachlor (AMCP) is a synthetic auxin herbicide that controls primarily broadleaf (eudicotyledonous) weeds. Previous research indicates that St. Augustinegrass is unacceptably injured by AMCP. In light of the fact that synthetic auxin herbicides usually are safe when applied to monocotyledons, the mechanism for this injury is not fully understood. Anatomical response of St. Augustinegrass to AMCP was investigated using light microscopy. Apical meristem node tissue responded with callus tissue proliferation, abnormal location and development of the apical meristem, necrosis of the dev

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Alsaadawi, I. S., A. Khaliq, A. A. Al-Temimi, and A. Matloob. "Integration of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) residues with a pre-plant herbicide enhances weed suppression in broad bean (Vicia faba)." Planta Daninha 29, no. 4 (2011): 849–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582011000400015.

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Field trial was conducted with the aim of utilizing allelopathic crop residues to reduce the use of synthetic herbicides in broad bean (Vicia faba) fields. Sunflower residue at 600 and 1,400 g m-2 and Treflan (trifluralin) at 50, 75 and 100% of recommended dose were incorporated into the soil alone or in combination with each other. Untreated plots were maintained as a control. Herbicide application in plots amended with sunflower residue had the least total weed count and biomass, which was even better than herbicide used alone. Integration of recommended dose of Treflan with sunflower residu

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Harrington, Timothy B. "Synthetic Auxin Herbicides Control Germinating Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius)." Weed Technology 28, no. 2 (2014): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-13-00170.1.

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Scotch broom is a large, nonnative shrub that has invaded forests and grasslands in 27 U.S. states. Without treatment, Scotch broom's persistent seedbank ensures a continuing source of regeneration after soil disturbance. In growth chamber studies, five rates of three synthetic auxin herbicides, aminocyclopyrachlor (AC), aminopyralid (AP), and clopyralid (CP), were compared for PRE control of Scotch broom. Cumulative 90-d emergence, mortality, and biomass of seedlings did not vary among herbicides, averaging 42% of seeds sown, 75% of emerged seedlings, and 9 mg seedling−1 for treated container

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Topal, Süleyman, Ismail Kocaçalışkana, and Orhan Arslan. "Herbicidal Potential of Catechol as an Allelochemical." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 61, no. 1-2 (2006): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-1-213.

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Abstract Catechol is an allelochemical which belongs to phenolic compounds synthesized in plants. Its herbicidal effects on weed species; field poppy (Papaver rhoeas), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) were investigated using wheat (Triticum vulgare) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) species as control plants. In comparison to 2,4-D (a common synthetic herbicide), 13.64 mᴍ of catechol have been found to have a strong herbicidal effect, as effective as 2,4-D on field poppy weed by killing it, and a suppressive herbicidal effect on th

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Bobadilla, Lucas K., Andrew G. Hulting, Daniel W. Curtis, and Carol Mallory-Smith. "Application of synthetic auxin herbicides to suppress seed viability of Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) in tall fescue seed production." Weed Technology 34, no. 4 (2020): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.135.

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AbstractItalian ryegrass is one of the most troublesome weeds worldwide because of the rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in this species. Oregon tall fescue seed production requires high seed purity, demanding good control of Italian ryegrass. The necessity to control herbicide-resistant Italian ryegrass and maintain tall fescue seed purity created interest in new chemical management options. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of synthetic auxin herbicides on seed viability of Italian ryegrass biotypes and the feasibility of this management strategy for use in tall f

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Warwick, Suzanne I., Hugh J. Beckie, A. Gordon Thomas, and Tracey McDonald. "The biology of Canadian weeds. 8. Sinapis arvensis. L. (updated)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 4 (2000): 939–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-139.

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An updated review of biological information is provided for Sinapis arvensis L. Native to the Old World, the species is widely introduced and naturalized in temperate regions around the world. The species occurs in all the provinces, the Northwest Territories, and the Yukon. It is an important weed of field crops in the Canadian prairies. A strongly persistent seedbank, competitive annual growth habit and high fecundity all contribute to its weedy nature and ensure that it will be a continuing problem. Several cases of herbicide resistance have been documented for natural populations of S. arv

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Beckie, Hugh J., and Xavier Reboud. "Selecting for Weed Resistance: Herbicide Rotation and Mixture." Weed Technology 23, no. 3 (2009): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-09-008.1.

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Herbicide rotations and mixtures are widely recommended to manage herbicide resistance. However, little research has quantified how these practices actually affect the selection of herbicide resistance in weeds. A 4-yr experiment was conducted in western Canada from 2004 to 2007 to examine the impact of herbicide rotation and mixture in selecting for acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor resistance in the annual broadleaf weed, field pennycress, co-occurring in wheat. Treatments consisted of the ALS-inhibitor herbicide, ethametsulfuron, applied in a mixture with bromoxynil/MCPA formulated herb

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Strachan, Stephen D., Nancy M. Ferry, and Tracy L. Cooper. "Vapor Movement of Aminocyclopyrachlor, Aminopyralid, and Dicamba in the Field." Weed Technology 27, no. 1 (2013): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00096.1.

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Vapor movement of synthetic auxin herbicides can injure desirable plants outside the treatment zone. Vapor movement of the synthetic auxin herbicides aminocyclopyrachlor and aminocyclopyrachlor methyl was compared with that of the relatively volatile herbicide dicamba and the low volatile herbicide aminopyralid with a soybean bioassay under greenhouse and field conditions. Soybean is very sensitive to these active ingredients. Under greenhouse conditions, 82 (61 to 104) mg ae ha−1of aminocyclopyrachlor, 26 (18 to 33) mg ae ha−1of aminocyclopyrachlor methyl, 82 (69 to 95) mg ae ha−1of aminopyra

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Morderer, Ye Yu. "Selectivity and efficacy of herbicide GF-3488, containing synthetic auxins halauxifen-methyl and clopyralid, in winter oilseed rape crops in Ukraine." Fiziologia rastenij i genetika 52, no. 5 (2020): 388–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/frg2020.05.388.

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Halauxifen-methyl is a new synthetic auxin, which in combination with another auxin-like herbicide clopyralid is the active ingredient of complex herbicide GF-3488, that is used for dicotyledonous weeds control in winter oilseed rape crops. The reason of this study was a necessity to test crop selectivity and efficacy of GF-3488 to control dicotyledonous weeds in winter oilseed rape crops in Ukraine and also the possibility of GF-3488 application in the tank mixture with graminicide or/and insecticide to control monocotyledonous weeds and insects. A randomized block experiment was conducted in

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Patton, Aaron J., Daniel V. Weisenberger, and Wenwen Liu. "Efficacy of triclopyr and synthetic auxin herbicide mixtures for common blue violet (Viola sororia) control." Weed Technology 34, no. 4 (2020): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2020.50.

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AbstractCommon blue violet is a widely distributed, perennial broadleaf that is difficult to control in lawns. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of synthetic auxin herbicides and their mixtures or rate for common blue violet control. A herbicide comparison experiment was conducted with treatments including a nontreated check; 2,4-D dimethylamine; 2,4-D isooctyl ester (2,4-D ester); dichlorprop (2,4-DP) ethylhexyl ester, MCPA dimethylamine; mecoprop dimethylamine; triclopyr butoxyethyl ester; quinclorac; and mixtures of triclopyr + quinclorac; 2,4-D ester + 2,4-DP; 2,4-D e

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Flessner, Michael L., J. Scott McElroy, and Glenn R. Wehtje. "Quantification of Warm-Season Turfgrass Injury from Triclopyr and Aminocyclopyrachlor." Weed Technology 25, no. 3 (2011): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00142.1.

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Synthetic auxin herbicides are widely used because of their effective control of broadleaf weeds and safety in many turfgrass species. However, two synthetic auxin herbicides, triclopyr and aminocyclopyrachlor (AMCP; DPX-KJM44), are known to injure warm-season turfgrasses. Our objective was to quantify this injury through evaluations of turfgrass quality and turfgrass green cover in response to herbicide treatment. The results of this study indicate that relative to the labeled use rates of triclopyr (0.56 to 1.12 kg ae ha−1) and AMCP (0.053 kg ai ha−1), zoysiagrass is the only turfgrass teste

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Zhang, Jianhua, Allan S. Hamill, and Susan E. Weaver. "Antagonism and Synergism Between Herbicides: Trends from Previous Studies." Weed Technology 9, no. 1 (1995): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00023009.

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A synthetic data set was created by incorporating results from previously published papers on antagonistic and synergistic herbicide interactions between two herbicides applied as a tank mixture or sequentially, and then analyzed on the basis of various properties of the herbicides and target plants. Generally, interactions between herbicides were antagonistic more frequently than synergistic. This trend held no matter whether the interacting herbicides were absorbed by the same or different parts of the plant, had the same or different translocating abilities, had the same or different modes

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Lewis, Dustin F., Matthew D. Jeffries, Harry J. Strek, Robert J. Richardson, and Fred H. Yelverton. "Effect of Ambient Moisture on Aminocyclopyrachlor Efficacy." Weed Technology 27, no. 2 (2013): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00131.1.

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Aminocyclopyrachlor (AMCP) is a newly developed synthetic auxin herbicide for broadleaf weed control in turfgrass systems. AMCP has been observed to undergo rapid photodecomposition in shallow water when exposed to sunlight. Most herbicide applications on golf courses occur during the morning when dew is still present on the turfgrass canopy. These conditions could result in efficacy loss if photolysis occurred while AMCP is suspended in dew droplets. Research was conducted to determine the effect of ambient moisture on AMCP efficacy. AMCP (79 and 105 g ae ha−1), aminopyralid (280 g ae ha−1),

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Main, D. C., K. R. Sanderson, S. A. E. Fillmore, and J. A. Ivany. "Comparison of synthetic and organic herbicides applied banded for weed control in carrots (Daucus carota L.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, no. 5 (2013): 857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-052.

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Main, D. C., Sanderson, K. R., Fillmore, S. A. E. and Ivany, J. A. 2013. Comparison of synthetic and organic herbicides applied banded for weed control in carrots ( Daucus carota L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 857–861. The necessity to reduce environmental impact and control the increasing cost of production has many carrot growers seeking new methods of crop management. This research evaluated the potential of applying herbicides in 30-cm bands over the carrot row in combination with between-the-row cultivation to control weeds. Linuron applied in a 30-cm-wide band over the row and linuron appli

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Uusitalo, Tuomas, Asmo Saarinen, and Pirjo S. A. Mäkelä. "Effect of Management of Sulfonylurea Resistant Stellaria media on Barley Yield." ISRN Agronomy 2013 (December 12, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/310764.

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Sulfonylureas represent one of the largest herbicide groups that have been widely used since 1980s. Their continuous use has resulted in development of sulfonylurea resistance in weeds. The aim of this research was to investigate options to manage putative sulfonylurea-resistant chickweed in barley stands and to evaluate the effect of chickweed and its management on barley yield. A field experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design and included 14 herbicide treatments applied at two different times. Tribenuron-methyl (sulfonylurea) affected minimal control of chickweed. A brom

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Baumann, Marcus, Ian R. Baxendale, and Fabien Deplante. "A concise flow synthesis of indole-3-carboxylic ester and its derivatisation to an auxin mimic." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (November 29, 2017): 2549–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.251.

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An assembled suite of flow-based transformations have been used to rapidly scale-up the production of a novel auxin mimic-based herbicide which was required for preliminary field trials. The overall synthetic approach and optimisation studies are described along with a full description of the final reactor configurations employed for the synthesis as well as the downstream processing of the reaction streams.

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Torbiak, Alysha T., Robert E. Blackshaw, Randall N. Brandt, Bill Hamman, and Charles M. Geddes. "Herbicide strategies for managing glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible kochia (Bassia scoparia) in spring wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 101, no. 4 (2021): 607–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2020-0303.

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Kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] is a summer annual tumbleweed that is tolerant of heat, drought, and salinity and capable of causing large yield losses in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Increased incidence of glyphosate- and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor-resistant kochia in western Canada warrants investigation of alternative herbicides to manage these biotypes. Herbicides applied pre- or post-emergence in spring wheat were evaluated based on crop tolerance and control of ALS inhibitor-resistant kochia accessions with and without the glyphosate resistance trait in five en

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Curran, William S., John M. Wallace, Steven Mirsky, and Benjamin Crockett. "Effectiveness of Herbicides for Control of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) in Winter Wheat." Weed Technology 29, no. 3 (2015): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-14-00139.1.

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A field experiment was conducted in 2009–2010 at Pennsylvania and Maryland locations, and repeated it in 2010–2011 to test the effectiveness of POST-applied herbicides at fall and spring timings on seeded hairy vetch in winter wheat. A total of 16 herbicide treatment combinations was tested that included synthetic auxins, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, and a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor. Spring applications tended to be more effective than fall applications. Among synthetic auxins, clopyralid (105 g ae ha−1) and treatments containing dicamba (140 g ae ha−1) were effective at b

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Rana, Dona Cindy Elfira, Sendy Rondonuwu, and Roni Koneri. "Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Kiara Payung (Filicium decipiens (Wight dan Arn.) Thwaites) sebagai Bioherbisida terhadap Pertumbuhan Gulma Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.)." JURNAL BIOS LOGOS 11, no. 2 (2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jbl.11.2.2020.28153.

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Gulma babadotan merupakan masalah serius dalam bidang pertanian karena dapat menurunkan nilai kualitas maupun kuantitas dari tanaman budidaya. Kehadiran gulma dapat diatasi menggunakan senyawa alelokimia dari kiara payung (Filicium decipiens). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun kiara payung terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi, panjang akar, berat basah dan berat kering dari gulma babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides). Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan yaitu kontrol, ekstrak 1%, ekstrak 3%, ekstrak 5% dan herbisida sintetik 2%.

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Souza-Alonso, Pablo, Carolina G. Puig, Nuria Pedrol, Helena Freitas, Susana Rodríguez-Echeverría, and Paula Lorenzo. "Exploring the use of residues from the invasive Acacia sp. for weed control." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 35, no. 1 (2018): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170518000170.

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AbstractA sustainable practice for weed control and crop protection is the incorporation of green manures with phytotoxic potential. It is gaining attention as a way to reduce the use of synthetic herbicides in agriculture and so pot experiments and field trials were conducted to explore the possible use of residues of Acacia species to alleviate weed emergence. We assessed, under greenhouse conditions, the herbicidal effect of phytotoxic manures from Acacia dealbata and Acacia longifolia applied to soil at different doses (1.5 and 3% w/w) on maize growth, some accompanying weeds, and the phys

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