Relevant bibliographies by topics / Synthetic hormones

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Synthetic hormones'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Synthetic hormones"

1

De Feo, Pierpaolo. "Hormonal regulation of human protein metabolism." European Journal of Endocrinology 135, no. 1 (July 1996): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1350007.

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De Feo P. Hormonal regulation of human protein metabolism. Eur J Endocrinol 1996:135:7–18. ISSN 0804–4643 This review focuses on the effects of hormones on protein kinetics in humans. Most of the recent knowledge on the regulation of protein metabolism in humans has been obtained by tracing protein kinetics in vivo, using labelled isotopes of essential or non-essential amino acids. This technique allows the rates of the whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown to be estimated together with amino acid oxidation and the fractional synthetic rates of mixed muscle proteins or of single plasma proteins. Changes induced within these parameters by hormonal administration or endocrine diseases are also discussed. Hormones, on the basis of their net effect on protein balance (protein synthesis minus protein breakdown), are divided into two categories: those provided with an anabolic action and those with a prevalent catabolic action. The effects on protein metabolism of the following hormones are reviewed: insulin, growth hormone, IGF-I, adrenaline, androgens, estrogens, progesterone, glucagon, glucocorticosteroids, thyroid hormones. The review concludes with a report on the effects of multiple hormonal infusions on whole-body protein kinetics and a discussion on the potential role played by the concomitant increase of several hormones in the pathogenesis of protein wasting that complicates stress diseases. Pierpaolo De Feo, DIMISEM, Via E. Dal Pozzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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Shukla, Akshara, Rohitash Jamwal, and Kumud Bala. "ADVERSE EFFECT OF COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i1.14565.

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ABSTRACTOral contraceptive (OC) pills contain estrogen and progestin that are synthetic analogs of natural hormones. These synthetic hormones affectthe hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis of the female reproductive system. There are many types of contraceptives; most of the OC pills preventpregnancy by inhibiting ovulation. Estrogen and progestin are two female reproductive hormones that are critical. Typically, estradiol is producedby growing follicle (ovaries) which stimulates the hypothalamus to produce the gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which further stimulates theanterior pituitary to produce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH production triggers the ovulation. Similarly, theprogesterone is produced by corpus luteum (ovaries), which triggers the production of FSH and LH. There are many types of progesterone available.Long-term usage of synthetic estrogen and progesterone can disturb the balance between the level of these hormones in the body. This imbalance maylead to severe side effects such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, thrombosis, direct impact on the brain, and infertility.Keywords: Estrogen, Progesterone, Contraceptives, Herbal contraceptives.
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Csaba, G. "Vitamin-caused faulty perinatal hormonal imprinting and its consequences in adult age." Physiology International 104, no. 3 (September 2017): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2060.104.2017.3.5.

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Lipid-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, and K) are actually hormones (exohormones), as they can be directly bound by hormone receptors or are in connection with molecules, which influence hormone receptors. Vitamin D is a transition between endo- and exohormones and the possibility of similar situation in case of other lipid-soluble hormones is discussed. The perinatal exposition with these “vitamins” can cause faulty perinatal hormonal imprinting with similar consequences as the faulty imprinting by the synthetic endohormones, members of the same hormone family or industrial, communal, or medical endocrine disruptors. The faulty imprinting leads to late (lifelong) consequences with altered hormone binding by receptors, altered sexuality, brain function, immunity, bone development, and fractures, etc. In addition, as hormonal imprinting is an epigenetic process, the effect of a single exposure by fat-soluble vitamins is inherited to the progeny generations. As vitamins are handled differently from hormones; however, perinatal treatments take place frequently and sometimes it is forced, the negative late effect of faulty perinatal vitamin-caused hormonal imprinting must be considered.
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Callejas, Miriam Martinez. "Understanding bioidentical hormones and their effect on quality of life." Journal of Aesthetic Nursing 8, no. 10 (December 2, 2019): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/joan.2019.8.10.467.

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It is important to understand the functions of the body's hormones and the options available to make the right choices for use in treating the symptoms of menopause. Bioidentical hormones are compounds that have exactly the same chemical and molecular structure as endogenous human hormones. In contrast, non-bioidentical—or synthetic—hormones are structurally dissimilar from endogenous hormones. Although it has been available for years, bioidentical compounded hormone therapy has gained popularity only recently. This article highlights the main functions of these hormones and how hormone imbalances can affect a patient's quality of life, the importance of lifestyle and diet and what bioidentical hormones are, as well as the differences in treatment in different countries and the meaning of compounding.
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Callejas, Alison Culkin Miriam Martinez. "Understanding bioidentical hormones and their effect on quality of life." Journal of Prescribing Practice 2, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2020.2.1.18.

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It is important to understand the functions of the body's hormones and the options available to make the right choices for use in treating the symptoms of menopause. Bioidentical hormones are compounds that have exactly the same chemical and molecular structure as endogenous human hormones. In contrast, non-bioidentical—or synthetic—hormones are structurally dissimilar from endogenous hormones. Although it has been available for years, bioidentical compounded hormone therapy has gained popularity only recently. This article highlights the main functions of these hormones and how hormone imbalances can affect a patient's quality of life, the importance of lifestyle and diet and what bioidentical hormones are, how they are prescribed, as well as the differences in treatment in different countries and the meaning of compounding.
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Du, Kang, Qiang Han, Ying Zhang, and Xiangyang Kang. "Differential Expression of Genes Related to the Formation of Giant Leaves in Triploid Poplar." Forests 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2019): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100920.

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Plant polyploids tend to have large leaves, but their formation mechanism has not yet been well explained. Therefore, daily transcriptomic differences between triploids and diploids from a synthetic Populus sect. Tacamahaca three times a day (i.e., 04:00, 09:00, and 21:00) were investigated using high-throughput RNA-seq analysis. In this study, we identified several transcription factors associated with giant leaves. The combined effects included the high expression of several transcription factors (WRKY, MYB, etc.) and hormone-related genes (e.g., activates auxin, cytokine, and brassinosteroid synthesis-related genes) that accelerate the synthesis and accumulation of endogenous hormones. High levels of growth hormones were maintained by reducing the genes’ expression of hormone metabolism and degradation. The coordination of hormones accumulated sufficient materials and energy for leaf growth and development. Thereby, cell division and growth were accelerated which enhanced the photosynthesis of leaves, and the increased accumulation of photosynthetic products led to giant triploid leaves. This study lays the foundation for revealing the molecular mechanisms in the formation of giant leaves in polyploids.
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G, Csaba. "Environmental Pollution and Non-Perinatal Faulty Hormonal Imprinting: A Critical Review." Integrative Pediatrics and Child Care 1, no. 1 (November 13, 2018): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18314/ipcc.v1i1.1419.

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The perinatal hormonal imprinting takes place perinatally, when the developing hormone receptors meet the hormones of the newborn and this suits the normal receptor-hormone connections for life. In this period the developmental window for imprinting is open and the receptors can be cheated by hormone-related exogeneous molecules, provoking faulty hormonal imprinting with lifelong consequences, as alteration of receptor binding capacity and hormone production, functional changes, altered sexual behavior, immunological alterations and inclination to or manifestation of diseases. However, there are other critical periods of life, when the window is open, as weaning, adolescence, regeneration in adults as well, as in continously dividing cells. The most sensitive non-perinatal critical period is the adolescence. In these periods hormone-like endocrine disruptors (e.g. bisphenol A, benzpyrene, pesticides and herbicides, soy isoflavones, medically used synthetic hormones etc) are provoking faulty hormonal imprinting with lifelong consequences. The hormonal imprinting is an epigenetic process, which is inherited to the progeny cells of the organism and to the offspring of the organism, by which it can chip in the evolution. The non-perinatal faulty hormonal imprinting is justified in animal experiments and seems to be likely in case of survivors of childhood cancer treatment. Similar to the faulty perinatal hormonal imprinting, the late (non-perinatal) faulty imprinting can participate in the provocation of later manifested diseases.
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Swanepoel, Albe C., Amcois Visagie, and Etheresia Pretorius. "Synthetic Hormones and Clot Formation." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, no. 4 (August 2016): 878–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616011478.

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AbstractCombined oral contraceptives (COCs), colloquially referred to as “the pill,” have been regarded as a medical breakthrough, as they have improved the lives of countless women, from simplifying family planning to the treatment of acne, endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and dysmenorrhea. Unfortunately, COC usage has been associated with an increased occurrence of venous thrombosis and therefore a systemic hypercoagulable state in susceptible females. Here we discuss the health risks of COC usage and use viscoelastic and morphological techniques to investigate the effect of different COC constituents on clot formation, particularly fibrin network packaging and whole blood viscoelasticity. Viscoelastic properties of whole blood showed gender-specific changes while morphological alterations were person-specific, regardless of gender. Using scanning electron microscopy and thromboelastography provides great insight regarding fibrin packaging and the development of a hypercoagulable state in high-risk individuals. We proposed a three-step approach where (1) an individual’s coagulation profile baseline is determined, after which (2) the “ideal” combination of constituents is prescribed, and (3) the coagulation profile of the individual is monitored to assess possible risk of thrombosis. Only in following such an individualized patient-oriented approach will we be able to avoid the many health issues due to COC usage in susceptible females.
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Epstein, Samuel S. "Potential Public Health Hazards of Biosynthetic Milk Hormones." International Journal of Health Services 20, no. 1 (January 1990): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/prtt-ht8g-4fnq-atjj.

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The use of biosynthetic milk hormones raises fundamental ethical, social, and economic considerations, including the continued viability of the small family dairy farm and adverse veterinary effects. The past and expanding use of synthetic bovine growth hormone manufactured by the Agricultural Chemicals Division of Elanco (Eli Lilly and Co.) in conjunction with Dow Chemical Co. and Upjohn Co., and its methionyl analog, manufactured by American Cyanamid Co. and Monsanto Co., also poses significant potential public health hazards which have not so far been investigated. These concerns are exacerbated by the domination of synthetic hormone research by industry and its indentured academics, by failure of the industries concerned to disclose their unpublished data, by their manipulation of published data, and by refusal to label milk and meat from cows treated with biosynthetic hormones, and by denial of consumers' rights to know. These concerns are further exacerbated by the abdication of regulatory responsibility by the Food and Drug Administration and U.S. Department of Agriculture.
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Porterfield, Susan P., and Lawrence B. Hendry. "Impact of Pcbs On Thyroid Hormone Directed Brain Development." Toxicology and Industrial Health 14, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379801400109.

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Thyroid hormones regulate neuronal proliferation, migration, process outgrowth, synaptic development, and myelin formation in specific brain regions. Because brain development occurs during discrete windows of time, inappropriate levels of thyroid hormones in definitive periods can produce permanent damage, the nature of which depends upon the timing and magnitude of the insult. Thyroid hormones cross the placenta and enter the brain primarily as thyroxine (T4); therefore, conditions selectively lowering serum T4 levels alter brain hormone availability. Triiodothyronine (T3) is the predominant form of the hormone that binds to the receptor. T3 is produced from T4 in the brain by the enzyme type II, 5'-deiodinase. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic environmental toxicants that bear a striking structural resemblance to the active thyroid hormones and can, depending upon the species, dosage, and congener used, act as agonists, antagonists, and partial agonists to thyroid hormones.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Synthetic hormones"

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Hobbs-Mallyon, David. "Synthetic studies on tricyclospirodienones." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315042.

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Khan, Usman 1980. "Peroxidase-catalysed oxidation of natural and synthetic hormones." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98980.

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One of the fastest growing concerns in the wastewater treatment industry is the presence of estrogenic compounds in wastewater effluents that may threaten the reproductive success and development of aquatic organisms. The fact that such contaminants have been detected in surface waters at potentially detrimental levels indicates that conventional treatment plants are unable to effectively remove them; hence, supplementary treatment technologies must be considered. As one of these, enzymatic treatment offers numerous advantages which make such a treatment methodology almost tailor-made for the selective removal of such contaminants. In order to evaluate the potential for enzymatic treatment to be used to target important estrogenic compounds, the enzyme-catalysed oxidation of selected potent estrogens including estradiol, estriol and ethinylestradiol was studied. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme was selected as the candidate enzyme since it is amongst the most studied oxidative enzymes and has been investigated extensively in waste treatment applications. Experiments were conducted at concentrations higher than those found in typical effluents in order to characterize the reactivity of the enzymes toward these compounds without being hampered by analytical difficulties. In order to gauge the importance/relevance of the data obtained for the enzymatic oxidation of estrogens parallel experiments were also conducted with phenol, which has been the subject of many past studies as a substrate of HRP and for which the technical feasibility of enzymatic treatment has been well established.
HRP was able to effectively catalyse the oxidation of estrogens over a wide range of pHs, with optimal performance in the pH range typically experienced in wastewaters. Measurements of the stoichiometry of the reaction between estrogens and peroxide and also the enzyme dose required to achieve certain target levels of substrate removal suggested that the enzymatic oxidation of estrogens consistently had lower peroxide and enzyme requirements than phenol. In fact, phenol required between 2.5 and 5 times more enzyme than the estrogens to achieve various target levels of removal. For all substrates studied, similar kinetics of removal were found, provided that sufficient enzyme was added to reactions to compensate for differences in substrate affinity. In contrast to earlier studies conducted with HRP, minimal inactivation of the enzyme was observed during the treatment of all substrates. The lesser inactivation observed in the present study was probably due to the very low concentration of target substrates used. Collectively, the results indicate that the removal of estrogens is likely to be more feasible than phenol itself. It is also suggested that since the estrogen concentrations utilized here were an order of magnitude higher than environmentally-relevant concentrations and since the enzyme dose required and the level of inactivation observed are directly related to the amount of substrate targeted for treatment, the feasibility of removing estrogens may be more favourable at environmentally relevant values, except where kinetic limitations may dominate.
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Jabbar, Ghulam. "Melengestrol acetate and norgestomet for the induction of synchronized estrus in seasonally anovular ewes." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06232009-063050/.

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Fang, Min. "Removal of Natural and Synthetic Steroid Hormones through Constructed Wetland Microcosm." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1292943388.

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Koubovec, Dominique J. B. M. "An investigation into the molecular mechanism of action of the progestins, medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone acetate." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/70116.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although the progestins medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and norethisterone acetate (NET-A) are widely used in reproductive therapy, the steroid receptors and their target genes involved in the actions of MPA and NET-A are not well understood. Surprisingly, it had not yet been investigated whether doses of MPA and NET-A used for contraception and HRT cause significant side effects through various target genes via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In this thesis results of in vitro studies showed that, MPA, like dexamethasone (dex) and prog, significantly repressed tumour necrosis factor (TN F)-stimulated IL-6 protein production, and IL-6 and IL-8 promoter reporter constructs at the transcriptional level in L929sA cells, via interference with nuclear factor KB (NFKB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors. Like dex and prog, MPA did not affect NFKB DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, unlike dex and prog, MPA did not inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. The antagonistic effects of the GR and progesterone receptor (PR) antagonist, RU486, as well as the MPAinduced nuclear translocation of the GR, strongly suggest that the actions of MPA in these cells are mediated at least in part via the GR. Although the mechanism was not investigated as extensively as for MPA, NET-A was shown to repress IL-8 promoter reporter activity very weakly relative to dex, MPA and prog in Hek293 cells stably transfected with the rat GR. Furthermore, NET-A, like MPA, dex and prog did not interfere with the DNA-binding activity of NFKB. Significant transactivation of a GRE-driven promoter reporter construct by MPA and dex in L929sA via endogenous GR and COS-1 cells via expressed rat GR, and by MPA, dex and prog in Hek293 cells via expressed rat GR was also observed. In contrast, NET-A, unlike MPA, dex and prog showed no transactivation in Hek293 cells. MPA, NET-A and prog were shown to compete with dex for binding to the endogenous human GR in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Similarly, MPA and NET-A were shown to compete with dex for binding to expressed rat GR in COS-1 cells. MPA displayed a higher relative binding affinity than NET-A for the GR in both systems, and a higher relative binding affinity than prog in A549 cells. Equilibrium dissociation constants (Ki values) for MPA (Ki = 10.8 ± 1.1 nM), NET-A (Ki = 270 ± 1.3 nM) and prog (Ki = 215 ± 1.1 nM) towards the human GR in A549 cells were also established. Furthermore, dose-response curves showed that MPA displays significantly greater GC agonist potency and efficacy than NET-A and prog for both transactivation of a synthetic GRE-reporter construct and transrepression of a synthetic IL-8 reporter construct via expressed rat GR in Hek293 cells, as NET-A showed no transactivation and very weak partial agonist activity for transrepression. Based on these observations, MPA behaves as a GR agonist whereas NET-A is proposed to be a weak antagonist. These results show that MPA and NET-A are not alike and not the same as prog in their mechanism of action via the GR, which may have serious health implications in vivo. Such insights may provide women and their clinicians with more information to facilitate the selection of contraception or reproductive therapy regimes with fewer side effects.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alhoewel MPA en NET-A algemeen gebruik word in hormoontherapie, is dit nie duidelik watter steroïedreseptore en teikengene betrokke is by die werking van MPA en NET-A nie. Verrassend is dat geen studie nog gedoen is om te bepaal of die dosisse van MPA en NET-A wat gebruik word in voorbehoeding en hormoonvervangingsterapie (HVT), newe-effekte veroorsaak deur die glukokortikoïedreseptor (GR) en verskeie teikengene nie. In hierdie tesis is in L929sA selle aangetoon dat MPA, net soos deksametasoon (dex) en prog, TNF-gestimuleerde IL-6 produksie onderdruk, en dat IL-6 en IL-8 promoter-rapporteerderkonstrukte op transkripsionele vlak onderdruk word deur middel van inmenging met NF-KB en AP-1 transkripsie-faktore. Net soos dex en prog het MPA nie die DNA-bindingsaktiwiteit van NF-KB beïnvloed nie. Anders as dex en prog het MPA egter nie MAPK aktiwiteit onderdruk nie. Die antagonistiese effekte van RU486, asook die MPA-geïnduseerde translokasie van die GR na die selkern, dui sterk daarop dat die effekte van MPA in hierdie selle ten minste gedeeltelik deur die GR geskied. Alhoewel die meganisme vir NET -A nie so breedvoerig bestudeer is as dié van MPA nie, is tog aangetoon dat, in Hek293 selle wat stabiel getransfekteer is met die rot GR, die onderdrukking van die IL-8 promoter deur NET-A baie swakker is as met dex, prog en MPA. Verder is daar ook gevind dat NET-A, net soos MPA, dex en prog, nie kon inmeng met die DNA-bindingsaktiwiteit van NF-KB nie. Beduidende transaktivering van 'n GRE-bevattende promoterrapporteerderkonstruk deur MPA en dex in L929sA en COS-1 selle, en deur MPA, dex en prog in Hek293 selle, is ook gevind. Daarteenoor het NET-A, anders as MPA, dex en prog, geen transaktivering in Hek293 selle getoon nie. Verder moes die relatiewe bindingsaffiniteit (ewewigs-dissosiasiekonstantes) van MPA, NET-A en prog vir die GR, asook die relatiewe sterkte en effektiwiteit vir transaktivering en transonderdrukking van verskeie teikengene deur die GR, ook bepaal word. Daar is gevind dat MPA, NET-A en prog meeding met dex vir binding aan die endogene GR in mens longkarsinoom A549 selle. Soortgelyk hieraan is ook gevind dat MPA en NET-A meeding met dex vir binding aan rot GR wat in COS-1 selle uitgedruk is. MPA het in beide sisteme 'n hoër relatiewe bindingsaffiniteit vir die GR getoon as NET-A, asook 'n hoër relatiewe bindingsaffiniteit as prog in A549 selle. Ewewigs-dissosiasiekonstantes (Ki waardes) vir MPA (Ki = 10.8 ± 1.1 nM), NET- A (Ki = 270 ± 1.3 nM) en prog (Ki = 215 ± 1.1 nM) vir die mens GR in A549 selle is ook bereken. Dosisrespons-grafieke het ook aangedui dat MPA 'n beduidend beter GC sterkte en effektiwiteit as NET-A en prog het, vir beide transaktivering van 'n sintetiese GRE-rapporteerderkonstruk en transonderdrukking van 'n sintetiese IL-8 rapporteerderkonstruk via rot GR wat uitgedruk is in Hek293 selle. Dit kon afgelei word aangesien NET-A geen transaktivering en slegs baie swak gedeeltelike agonisaktiwiteit vir transonderdrukking getoon het. Op grond van hierdie waarnemings tree MPA op as 'n GR agonis, terwyl dit lyk asof NET-A 'n swak antagonis is. Hierdie resultate dui aan dat MPA en NET-A nie dieselfde is nie, en ook nie dieselfde meganisme van werking deur die GR het as prog nie. Dit kan ernstige gesondheidsimplikasies inhou in vivo. Hierdie insigte kan dus meer inligting aan vroue en kliniese personeel verskaf om sodoende die keuse van voorbehoeding of voortplantingsterapie met minder newe-effekte te vergemaklik.
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Fraser, Joanne Louise. "Influence of synthetic progestogens on platelet aggregation and arrhythmias associated with myocardial ischaemia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343753.

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Riman, Tomas. "An epidemiologic study of epithelial ovarian malignancies : with a focus on hormone-related factors /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-362-7/.

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Tanner, T. M. "An investigation of the interactions of the androgen receptor with a non-steroidal compound and two synthetic progestins." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52683.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this thesis was to define the interactions of the androgen receptor (AR) with an analog of a non-steroidal plant compound, Compound A (CpdA), as well as two synthetic progestins, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and norethindrone acetate (NET-A). The data presented indicates that CpdA has antiandrogenic properties, as it represses androgen-induced activation of both specific and non-specific androgen-responsive reporter constructs. It was found that CpdA exerts these effects by a mechanism other than competition with androgen for binding to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the receptor. On the other hand, it is demonstrated that both MPA and NET-A compete with androgen for binding to the AR and induce partial agonist activity via the receptor. Using mammalian two-hybrid assays it was revealed that CpdA, similar to anti-androgenic compounds that are able to compete with androgens for binding to the receptor, represses the androgen-induced interaction between the NH2- and COOH-terminals of the AR (N/C-interaction) without competing for binding to the LBD. Furthermore, it was shown that CpdA slightly represses the androgen-dependent recruitment of steroid receptor co-activator 1 (SRC1) to the activation function (AF2) domain of the AR. When the effects of MPA and NET-A on the N/C-interaction were studied, intriguing results were obtained. NET-A, as expected, induced this AR agonist-induced interaction. MPA, however, repressed this AR agonist-induced interaction, an effect previously associated with anti-androgenic activity, despite displaying partial agonist activity in transctivation experiments. On the other hand, both MPA and NET-A induced the interaction between SRC1 and the AF2 domain. In additional experiments with CpdA, it was found that CpdA did not affect the recruitment of SRC1 to the AF1 domain of the receptor; neither did it influence the constitutive activity of the NH2-terminal domain. The anti-androgenic activities of CpdA were confirmed by the toxic effect that this compound had on the androgen-dependent lymph node carcinoma of the prostate (LNCaP) cell-line as well as its ability to repress the androgen-induced expression of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) protein. Taken together, the results presented in this thesis, in combination with the knowledge available on AR function, contribute to an improved understanding of AR function. Furthermore, the importance of defining the precise mechanism by which individual compounds exert their effects is highlighted. In this regard it is demonstrated that two compounds (MPA and NET-A) that display partial agonist activity, can exert their effects via different mechanisms at the molecular level. Detecting such differences in the molecular mechanisms of action could facilitate the improved design of progestins as well as aid clinicians and their patients in selecting the best method of contraception. Lastly, the insights gained into the mechanisms of the anti-androgenic action of CpdA could be useful in therapeutic drug design for diseases, such as prostate cancer, that have an androgen-dependent etiology.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie tesis was om die interaksies van die androgeen reseptor (AR) met ‘n analoog van ‘n nie-steroiediese plant verbinding, Verbinding A (VbgA), sowel as met twee sintetiese progestogene, medroksiprogesteroon asetaat (MPA) en noretiendroon asetaat (NET-A), te definieer. Die data verskaf dui daarop dat VbgA anti-androgeniese eienskappe besit deurdat dit androgeen-gei'nduseerde aktivering van beide spesifieke- en nie-spesifieke androgeen-responsiewe rapporteerderkonstrukte onderdruk. VbgA veroorsaak hierdie effekte deur ‘n meganisme wat nie kompetisie met androgeen vir binding aan die ligand-bindingsdomein (LBD) van die reseptor behels nie. In teenstelling hiermee word getoon dat beide MPA en NET-A kompeteer met androgeen vir binding aan die AR en gedeeltelike agonistiese aktiwiteit induseer via hierdie reseptor. Deur gebruik to maak van ‘n soogdier twee-hibried essai word getoon dat VbgA, soos ander anti-androgeniese verbindings wat kompeteer met androgeen vir binding aan die reseptor, die androgeen-gei'nduseerde interaksies tussen die NH2- en COOH-terminale van die AR (N/C-interaksie) onderdruk, sonder om te kompeteer vir binding aan die LBD. Daarby is dit bewys dat VbgA die androgeenafhanklike werwing van steroied reseptor ko-aktiveerde 1 (SRC1) na die aktiverings funksie (AF2) domein van die AR gedeeltelik onderdruk. Die studie van die effekte van MPA en NET-A op die N/C-interaksie het interessante resultate opgelewer. NETA, soos verwag, het hierdie AR agonis-gei'nduseerde interaksie geinduseer. MPA, aan die ander kant, het hierdie AR agonis-gei'nduseerde interaksie onderdruk, ‘n effek wat tevore met anti-androgeniese aktiwiteit geassosieer is, al het die transaktiveringseksperimente daarop gedui dat MPA ‘n AR agonis is. Aan die ander kant, het beide MPA en NET-A die interaksie tussen SRC1 en die AF2 domein geinduseer. In addisionele eksperimente met VbgA is gevind dat VbgA geen effek het op die werwing van SRC1 na die AF1 domein van die reseptor nie en ook geen invloed het op die konstitutiewe aktiwiteit van die NHh-terminaal domein nie. VbgA se antiandrogeniese eienskappe is bevestig deur die toksiese effekte op die androgeenafhanklike limfknoop karsinoom van die prostaat (LNCaP) sellyn sowel as deur sy vermoe om die androgen-gei'nduseerde uitdrukking van die prostaat spesifieke antigeen (PSA) protei'en te onderdruk. Die resultate aangebied in hierdie tesis, in kombinasie met die beskikbare kennis oor AR funksie, dra by tot ‘n verbeterde kennis van AR funksionering. Verder word die belang van die definiering van die meganisme waardeur individuele verbindings hulle effekte veroorsaak, getoon. In hierdie verband is getoon dat twee verbindings (MPA en NET-A), wat gedeeltelike agonistiese aktiwiteit besit, hulle effekte via verskillende meganismes op die molekulere vlak veroorsaak. Deur hierdie verskille in die molekulere meganismes van aksie uit te wys, kan beter progestogene ontwikkel word, en verder sal dit vir dokters en hul pasiente help om die beste voorbehoedmiddel te kies. Laastens, die insig wat verkry is ten opsigte van die meganismes van anti-androgeniese aktiwiteit van VbgA mag nuttig wees in die ontwerp van terapeutiese middels vir die behandeling van siektetoestande met androgeen-afhanklikke etiologie (bv. prostaatkanker).
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Zarkawi, Moutaz. "The influence of naturally occurring and synthetic anabolic hormones on growth and reproduction in female cattle and guinea-pigs." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU499216.

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A series of six experiments was conducted on female cattle and guinea-pigs to investigate the effects of some anabolic compounds on both growth and reproductive functions in the two species. The results indicate that trenbolone acetate increased significantly, the live-weight gains of heifers and improved the efficiency of food conversion. Zeranol and oestradiol-17 treatments had no effect on growth performance. Trenbolone acetate inhibited or delayed ovulation and resulted in elevation of plasma oestradiol-17 concentrations. Zeranol and oestradiol-17 had no effect on estrous cycle occurrence nor ovulation as determined by plasma progesterone concentrations. It is concluded from studies investigating the response to gonadotrophin releasing hormone (Gn-RH), oestradiol benzoate (OE2-B) and pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophins (PMSG) that trenbolone acetate acts (1) on the pituitary gland to decrease the sensitivity to Gn-RH, (2) on the ovary to decrease the sensitivity of the ovarian follicles to gonadotrophins and (3) acts on the pituitary gland and/or the hypothalamus to block the positive feedback effect of oestrogen to release the LH-surge. In the guinea-pig, trenbolone acetate at dose levels of 2 and 10 mg/kg body-weight inhibited ovulation. At a dose level of 0.4 mg/kg body weight, trenbolone acetate prolonged the length of the oestrous cycle. When trenbolone and testosterone, at dose levels of 3.1 and 15.7 mmol/l each, were compared, trenbolone was shown to have more general promoting activity than testosterone. The high dose of both hormones inhibited ovulation and increased the rate of occurrence of atretic follicles. However, only testosterone at the higher dose decreased the weight of the ovaries and lowered the number of follicles. From studies measuring the response to follicles stimulating hormone (FSH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), it is concluded that, in the female guinea-pig, trenbolone acetate had no effect on LH-surge mechanism, but it may act on the pituitary gland to block the release of FSH.
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Meendering, Jessica Rae. "The influence of progestins on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in young women /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1400968571&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes results of four studies conducted at the University of Oregon. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 221-244). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Books on the topic "Synthetic hormones"

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World Congress on Fertility and Sterility (15th 1995 Montpellier, France). The new option in low-dose oral contraception: Expanding the gestodene choice. New York: Parthenon Pub. Group, 1996.

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Labsystems Research Symposium on Synthetic Peptides in Biology and Medicine (1985 Hämeenlinna, Finland). Synthetic peptides in biology and medicine: Proceedings of the Labsystems Research Symposium on Synthetic Peptides in Biology and Medicine held in Hämeenlinna, Finland, on June 6-8, 1985. Edited by Alitalo Kari, Partanen Paul, Vaheri Antti, and Labsystems (Firm). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1985.

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Schwartz, Erika. The 30-day natural hormone plan: Look and feel young again without synthetic HRT. New York, NY: Warner Books, 2004.

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Schwartz, Erika. The 30-day natural hormone plan: Look and feel young again without synthetic HRT. New York, NY: Warner Books, 2004.

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Parker, Philip M., and James N. Parker. Clomid: A medical dictionary, bibliography and annotated research guide to Internet resources. San Diego, CA: ICON Health Publications, 2003.

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Alitalo, Kari, and Paul Partanen. Synthetic Peptides in Biology and Medicine. Elsevier Science & Technology, 1986.

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The Natural and Synthetic Hormones Resea. 2000 World Market Forecasts for Imported Natural and Synthetic Hormones. Icon Group International, 2000.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Natural or Synthetic Hormones, Hormone Derivatives, and Other Steriods Used as Hormones Excluding Medicaments in China. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The World Market for Natural or Synthetic Hormones, Hormone Derivatives, and Other Steriods Used as Hormones Excluding Medicaments: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Natural or Synthetic Hormones, Hormone Derivatives, and Other Steriods Used as Hormones Excluding Medicaments in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Synthetic hormones"

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Gianfagna, Thomas. "Natural and Synthetic Growth Regulators and Their Use in Horticultural and Agronomic Crops." In Plant Hormones, 751–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0473-9_34.

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Charalampopoulos, Ioannis, Iakovos Lazaridis, and Achille Gravanis. "Neuroprotective and Neurogenic Properties of Dehydroepiandrosterone and its Synthetic Analogs." In Hormones in Neurodegeneration, Neuroprotection, and Neurogenesis, 137–54. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527633968.ch8.

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Beauchamp, Toby. "Moving Violations: Synthetic Hormones, Sexual Deviance, and Gendered Mobilities." In Mobile Desires: The Politics and Erotics of Mobility Justice, 16–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137464217_2.

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Mellon, Synthia H., Wenhui Gong, and Marcus D. Schonemann. "Endogenous and Synthetic Neurosteroids in the Treatment of Niemann-Pick Type C Disease." In Hormones in Neurodegeneration, Neuroprotection, and Neurogenesis, 41–60. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527633968.ch4.

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Cowie, A. T. "Artificial Induction of Lactation in Goats by Steroid Hormones and Synthetic Estrogens." In Ciba Foundation Symposium - Steroid Hormone Administration (Book II of Colloquia on Endocrinology, Vol. 3), 338–48. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470715154.ch9.

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Gianfagna, Thomas J. "Natural and Synthetic Growth Regulators and Their Use in Horticultural and Agronomic Crops." In Plant Hormones and their Role in Plant Growth and Development, 614–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3585-3_32.

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Curnow, D. H., and E. C. Dodds. "The Metabolism and Excretion of Synthetic Oestrogens, with Special Reference to the Formation of the Glycuronides." In Ciba Foundation Symposium - Steroid Hormones and Enzymes (Book II of Colloquia on Endocrinology, Vol. 1), 249–56. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470718742.ch4.

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Rokita, Steven E. "Synthetic Thyroid Hormone." In Iodine Chemistry and Applications, 411–20. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118909911.ch21.

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Richter, D., R. Ivell, H. Schmale, P. Nahke, and B. Krisch. "Synthesis of Neurohypophyseal Hormones." In Neurobiochemistry, 33–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70940-1_6.

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Li, Choh Hao. "Synthetic Somatomedin C/Insulinlike Growth Factor I." In Human Growth Hormone, 521–27. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7201-5_41.

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Conference papers on the topic "Synthetic hormones"

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Ataei, Abdol Hossain, and Figen Kırkpınar. "Application of In-Ovo Injection of Some Substances for Manipulation of Sex and Improving Performance in Chicken." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.006.

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In intensive production, freshly hatched cockerels are culled in the layer hatchery (7 billion males each year), On the other hand, for meat production rearing female birds has not economic benefits because of male broiler chicks have a faster growth rate and better feed efficiency than females. In this regards several methods are being developed for sex determination in the chick embryo during the incubation period. But these methods need to be rapid, cost-efficient, and suitable practical for commercial use. Additionally, sex determination should be done before pain perception has evolved in chick embryos. Biotechnology by in ovo technique to sex determination of between male and female chicks or sex reversal could improve production and eliminate ethical dilemmas for poultry industries. In birds, the differentiation of embryonic gonads is not determined by genetic gender with the certainty that occurs in mammals and can be affected by early treatment with a steroid hormone. During the development of the chick embryo, the genotype of the zygote determines the nature of the gonads, which then caused male or female phenotype. The differentiation of gonads during the period called the "critical period of sexual differentiation" is accompanied by the beginning of secretion of sexual hormones. Namely, any change in the concentration of steroid hormones during the critical period affects the structure of the gonads. Many synthetic anti-aromatases such as federazole and non-synthetic in plants, mushrooms, and fruits containing natural flavonoids have been used in the experiments in ovo injection of anti-aromatase had no negative effect on the growth performance of sexual reversal female chickens. In conclusion, administration of an aromatase inhibitor causes testicular growth in the genetic female gender, and estrogen administration leads to the production of the left ovotestis in the genetic male gender. Therefore, in the early stages of embryonic development, sexual differentiation can be affected by changing the ratio of sexual hormones. In this review, effects of some substances applied by in ovo injection technique on sex reversal and performance in chicks.
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Ohlsson, M., A. J. W. Hsueh, and T. Ny. "HORMONE REGULATION OF THE FIBRINOLYTIC SYSTEM IN THE OVARY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644389.

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In the ovary, the release of oocytes from graafian follicles during hormone-induced ovulation has been found to be associated with substantial increases in follicular plasminogen activator (PA) activity. Most of the PA activity comes from the granulosa cells that have been shown to produce tPA, uPA as well as the type-1 PA-inhibitor,(PAI-1).We have studied the molecular mechanism of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on the synthesis of tPA in primary cultures of rat granulosa cells. FSH and GnRH were both found to induce tPA in granulosa cells in a time and dose dependent manner. The effect of FSH and GnRH on the levels of tPA mRNA was also studied by northern and slot blot hybridizations. FSH and GnRH were both found to increase the level of tPA mRNA. The stimulation was up to 18 -fold compared to untreated cells.The induction of tPA mRNA by FSH and GnRH was additive and the time courses of the stimulation by the hormones differed, suggesting that different cellular mechanisms are involved. Consistent with the ability of FSH to activate the cAMP dependent protein kinase A pathway, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine further enhanced the FSH induction of tPA mRNA.GnRH is known to activate the phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C pathway. Likewise the effect of GnRH can be mimicked by the kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate.It is concluded that FSH and GnRH regulates tPA production by differnt molecular mechanisms, and that the increase in tPA activity is mediated via an increase in the levels tPA mRNA. Since both gonadotropins and GnRH cause ovulation in hyposectomized animals, similar stimulatory actions of these hormones on the tPA activity suggest a correlative relationship between this enzyme and the ovulatory process.
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Castro, Guilherme V. de, Vitor Lacerda Sanches, Paulo M. Donate, Igor Polikarpov, and Mirela I. de Sairre. "Synthesis of ligands for nuclear receptors of thyroid hormones." In 15th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-15bmos-bmos2013_2013818233325.

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Gallo, Rafael D. C., Carlise Frota, and Cristiano Raminelli. "Studies toward the synthesis of the L-thyroxine hormone." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0057-2.

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Schleuning, W. D. "THE BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY OF SINGLE CHAIN UROKINASE TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642956.

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Urokinase was discovered in the late nineteenth century, as an enzymatic principle in urine, that initiates the dissolution of blood clots. The basis of this phenomenon was recognized more than fifty years ago as the activation of plasminogen, the precursor of a tryptic protease, then known as profibrinolysin. Despite this long history, detailed data on the biochemistry of plasminogen activation have only become available recently. Urokinase (now designated urokinase-type plasminogen activator : u-PA) is synthesized and secreted as a single chain polypeptide (Mr-: 53,000) by many cell types. Single chain u-PA (scu-PA) is with equal justification called prourokinase (pro-u-PA), notwithstanding its low catalytic activity for synthetic peptide substrates and plasminogen, as most proenzymes of proteases display a certain degree of activity. The structure of pro-u-PA has been elucidated by protein and cDNA sequencing. It consists of three domains, exhibiting characteristic homology to other proteins: a serine protease domain, homologous to trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase; a kringle domain, likewise found in prothrombin, plasminogen, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and Factor XII; and an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain, found in many other proteins, including certain clotting factors. Pro-u-PA is activated by the cleavage of its LYS158-Ile159 h1 bY either plasmin or kallikrein. This cleavage leads to a high increase of Kcat values with respect to both plasminogen and synthetic peptide substrates, but apparently to a reduction of its affinity to plasminogen. Thrartoin inactivates pro-u-PA irreversibly by the cleavage of the Arg156-Phe157 bond. U-PA but not pro-u-PA rapidly forms ccnplexes with plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI)-l and PAI-2: second order rate constants Kass are respectively > 107 and 0.9xl06 (M-11sec-1). Unknown enzymes process pro-u-PA and u-PA to low molecular weight (LMW) pro-u-PA and LMW u-PA (Mr: 33,000) by cutting off a fragment consisting of the kr ingle and the EGF—like region. Pro—u—PA mediated plasminogen activation is fibrin dependent in vivo, and to a certain degree in vitro. Hie biochemical basis of this fibrin specificity is at present uncertain, although there are reports indicating that it may require polyvalent cations. Through its EGF-like region HMW pro-u-PA and HMW u-PA are capable of binding to specific membrane protein receptors which are found on many cells. Thus, u-PA activity may be restricted to the cell surface. According to a recent report, binding of u—PA to the receptor may also mediate signal transduction in auto- or paracrine growth control. In cells permissive for the respective pathways, pro-u-PA gene transcription is stimulated by mechanisms of signal transduction, that include the cAMP, the tyrosine specific kinase and the protein kinase C dependent pathways. Glucocorticoid hormones downregulate pro-u-PA gene transcription in cells where the gene is canstitutively expressed. Although different cells vary greatly in their response to agents that stimulate urokinase biosynthesis, growth factors and other mitogens are in many cases effective inducers. Significantly elevated levels of u-PA are also found in many malignant tissues. These findings and many others suggest that plasminogen activation by u-PA provides localized extracellular matrix degradation which is required for invasive growth, cell migration and other forms of tissue remodelling. Fibrin represents in this view only a variant of an extracellular matrix, which is provided through the clotting system in the case of an emergency.
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Volpato, Eduardo Lordelo, Ronaldo Fia, and Isael Aparecido Rosa. "Hormone Identification in Superficial Waters at Brazilian Municipalities and Synthesis of Adsorbents for Hormone Removal." In 2017 Spokane, Washington July 16 - July 19, 2017. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201700193.

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Nouzova, Marcela. "Targets of neuropeptides regulating juvenile hormone synthesis in mosquitoes." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93907.

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Noriega, Fernando G. "Metabolic analysis of the juvenile hormone synthesis pathways in mosquitoes." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.91917.

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Perry, Caitlyn Louise. "Understanding variation in molting hormone synthesis pathways through comparative genome analysis." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113356.

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Aadim, Kadhim A., Rafel H. Jassem, Ban H. Adil, Mohammad M. Farhan, and Salah M. Al-Chalabi. "Synthesis of zinc nanoparticles by laser induced plasma and its effects on levels of thyroid hormones." In TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES20. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0032721.

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