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1

Mamiya, Kanji. "Studies on synthetic seeds of Asparagus officinalis L." Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149031.

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2

Porter, John E. "Analysis of tomato synthetic seeds for the development of an optimized encapsulation system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5892.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 45 p. : col. ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-42).
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3

Nyende, Aggrey Bernard. "Production, regeneration and field growth of synthetic seeds of the potato /." Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010561922&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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4

Settipalli, Satyaprakash R. "Synthetic seed production for germplasm storage of Hydrastis canadensis L. (goldenseal)." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5530.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 48 p. : col. ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-42).
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5

Ihemere, Uzoma Enyinnaya. "Somatic embryogenesis and transformation of cassava for enhanced starch production." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1070549008.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 184 p.; also includes graphics (some color). Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-184).
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6

Whitfield, Helen V. "The synthesis and utilization of very long chain fatty acids by developing seeds of nasturtium and other oilseeds." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334430.

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7

Lacey, Dominic Jamie. "Synthesis of triacylglycerols in developing seeds of Brassica napus L." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338217.

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8

Sreenivas, Avula. "Fatty Acid And Triacylglycerol Synthesis In Developing Seeds Of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea) And Pisa (Actinodaphne Hookeri)." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/98.

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The term "lipid" covers an extremely diverse range of chemical or molecular species. Lipids, defined as molecules that are sparingly soluble in water but readily soluble in organic solvents, are broadly categorized into "neutral " or "apolar" lipids, and "amphiphilic” or "polar" lipids. Neutral lipids will include simple hydrocarbons, carotenes, triacylglycerols, wax esters, sterol eaters, as wel1 as other lipids such as fatty acids, polyprenols, and sterols In which the hydrophilic function has little Impact on the overall molecular characteristics. Polar lipids include phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, some sphingolipids, oxygenated carotenoids and chlorophylls.
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9

Desveaux, Darrell. "Xyloglucan (XG) in periplasmic spaces and primary cell walls of developing nasturtium fruits." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/MQ44155.pdf.

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10

Schafhauser, James. "Reverse genetics of mucilage synthesis in the Arabidopsis thaliana seed coat." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112361.

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In Arabidopsis, the mucilage secretory cells (MSC) of the seed coat produce a pectinaceous mucilage. Very little is known about which genes are involved in the synthesis of pectins. A reverse genetic approach was used to identify genes involved in mucilage synthesis. A publicly available microarray database was screened with expression visualization tools, and was complemented by in-lab microarray experiments between wild type and known MSC mutants to identify candidate cell wall genes highly expressed at the time of mucilage synthesis. Several cell wall genes were also chosen based on their putative functions which would implicate them in mucilage synthesis. Phenotyping of mutant lines obtained for the cell wall candidate genes revealed no abnormal mucilage phentoypes in single or select double mutant lines. These results indicate that significant genetic redundancy exists in cell wall genes and/or the genes studied do not play significant roles in mucilage synthesis.
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11

Cutts, Todd Andrew. "Herbicide resistance enriched hybrid and synthetic seed production and performance in Brassica rapa." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51700.pdf.

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12

Redfearn, Melanie. "Nucleic acid integrity and synthesis in relation to seed vigour in sugar beet." Thesis, Open University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321321.

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13

Salem, Raphael Euclides Prestes. "SÍNTESE DE PÓS DE α-ALUMINA COM ADIÇÃO DE SEEDS ATRAVÉS DO MÉTODO PECHINI." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2012. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/1415.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raphael Euclides Prestes Salem.pdf: 3931677 bytes, checksum: c378168a7c789517c20cf8c142c060f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-03
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Alumina is a ceramic material of great technological importance, due to its mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties. At industrial scale, alumina is obtained from bauxite, by the Bayer process. By this process, α phase, the most stable one, is obtained at temperatures above 1200°C, through a reconstructive transformation of its precedent transition phase, followed by nucleation and growth of particles. With the advance of technology, chemical methods for synthesis of powdered materials have been much studied, due to the need to obtain materials with improved properties. Pechini method was a method developed in the decade of 1960 in order to obtain ceramic oxides through simple procedures and using relatively low temperatures, allowing the production of materials with smaller particle size, controllable properties and high purity. This work aims to synthesize α-alumina powders by Pechini method with addition of α-alumina seeds, thus promoting the formation of α-phase in lower temperature than in the traditional methods. Also, the objective is to study the influence of an oxygen flow in the calcination process and in the elimination of organic matter from the precursor resin. After the synthesis and the formation of precursor resins, the obtained samples with and without the addition of seeds were calcined at temperatures between 500°C a nd 1100°C. The precursor resins were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis associated with thermogravimetry, and the calcined powders were characterized by differential thermal analysis associated with thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The seeding process promoted a significant reduction in the temperature of formation of α-phase, consequently allowing to form particles with smaller crystallite size, although as strong agglomerates irregularly shaped. The incidence of an oxygen flow on the calcination process contributed in a less significant way to eliminate the residual organic matter, present in the calcined samples even at high temperatures. It is observed that seeding the reaction medium is a simple method to favor the phase transformation of alumina through a mechanism of diffusional nucleation, promoting the formation of α-phase at lower temperatures.
A alumina é um material cerâmico de grande importância tecnológica, devido às suas propriedades mecânicas, elétricas, térmicas e ópticas. Em escala industrial, a alumina é obtida a partir da bauxita, através do processo Bayer. A fase α, a mais estável da alumina, é obtida a temperaturas acima de 1200°C pelos processo tradicionais, através de uma transformação reconstrutiva de sua fase de transição precedente, seguida de nucleação e crescimento das partículas. Com o avanço da tecnologia, métodos químicos de síntese de materiais particulados têm sido muito estudados, devido à necessidade de se obterem materiais com propriedades melhoradas. O método Pechini foi um método desenvolvido na década de 1960 para a obtenção de óxidos cerâmicos através de procedimentos simples e com temperaturas relativamente baixas, permitindo a produção de materiais com tamanho de partícula cada vez menor, propriedades controláveis e elevada pureza. Este trabalho tem como objetivo sintetizar pós de α-alumina através do método Pechini com a adição de seeds (ou germens de cristalização) de α-alumina, assim promovendo a formação da fase α em temperatura mais baixa do que os métodos tradicionais. Também se tem como objetivo estudar a influência de um fluxo de oxigênio no processo de calcinação e na eliminação de matéria orgânica da resina precursora. Após o processo de síntese e a formação da resina precursora, as amostras obtidas sem e com adição de seeds foram calcinadas a 500°C, 600°C, 900°C, 1000°C e 1100°C. As resinas precursoras fora m caracterizadas por espectroscopia no infravermelho e análise térmica diferencial associada a termogravimetria, e os pós calcinados foram caracterizados por análise térmica diferencial associada a termogravimetria, difração de raios X, espectroscopia no infravermelho e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A adição dos seeds na síntese promoveu uma redução significativa na temperatura de formação da fase , consequentemente permitindo a formação de partículas com menor tamanho de cristalito, porém em forma de aglomerados fortes com formato irregular. Além disso, a incidência de um fluxo de oxigênio no processo de calcinação contribuiu de forma pouco significativa para a eliminação de matéria orgânica residual, presente nas amostras calcinadas ao ar em maior quantidade mesmo após tratamento a altas temperaturas. Observa-se que a adição de seeds no meio reacional é um método simples de favorecer a transformação da célula unitária da alumina através de um mecanismo de nucleação difusional, promovendo a formação da fase a temperaturas mais baixas.
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14

Chen, Jia Ning. "Seed-Mediated Synthesis, Functionalization, Alignment and Characterizations of Gold Nanorods." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1335832499.

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15

Zhang, Qingyu, Rui Yu, Daoyang Sun, Mahbubur Rahman, Lihang Xie, Jiayuan Hu, Lixia He, Aruna Kilaru, Lixin Niu, and Yanlong Zhang. "Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals an Efficient Mechanism for Α-Linolenic Acid Synthesis in Tree Peony Seeds." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4740.

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Tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) species are woody oil crops with high unsaturated fatty acid content, including α-linolenic acid (ALA/18:3; >40% of the total fatty acid). Comparative transcriptome analyses were carried out to uncover the underlying mechanisms responsible for high and low ALA content in the developing seeds of P. rockii and P. lutea, respectively. Expression analysis of acyl lipid metabolism genes revealed upregulation of select genes involved in plastidial fatty acid synthesis, acyl editing, desaturation, and triacylglycerol assembly in seeds of P. rockiirelative to P. lutea. Also, in association with ALA content in seeds, transcript levels for fatty acid desaturases (SAD, FAD2, and FAD3), which encode enzymes necessary for polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis, were higher in P. rockii compared to P. lutea. Furthermore, the overexpression of PrFAD2 and PrFAD3 in Arabidopsis increased linoleic and ALA content, respectively, and modulated the final ratio 18:2/18:3 in the seed oil. In conclusion, we identified the key steps and validated the necessary desaturases that contribute to efficient ALA synthesis in a woody oil crop. Together, these results will aid to increase essential fatty acid content in seeds of tree peonies and other crops of agronomic interest.
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16

Boutti, Salima. "Synthesis of high solid content latexes : a new process for low viscosity products without intermediate seeds." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10240.

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Cette thèse contribue à l'étude de procédés de synthèse de latex à haut taux de solide (>70 %) et faible viscosité (< 1. 5 Pa. S à 20s-1). La première population de particules est obtenue grâce à l'association d'un système d'amorçage fournissant des radicaux électriquement neutres et d'un système de surfactants adapté. Les charges dans le milieu sont minimisées pour éviter la stabilisation de particules nucléées de façon homogène. Une seconde population de particules est créée in situ. La stabilisation des nouvelles particules est favorisée par l'augmentation de la quantité de charges dans le milieu (utilisation de radicaux chargés, augmentation de la concentration en tensioactif anionique). La faisabilité de la synthèse en présence de 2wt % d'acide méthacrylique montre que ce procédé est robuste, reproductible et qu'il offre un bon contrôle de la distribution de taille de particules. Ainsi, nous avons pu atteindre un taux de solide de76 % pour une viscosité inférieure à 1. 5 Pa. S à 20s-1
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17

Kang, Fan. "Carbon sources for starch and fatty acid synthesis in plastids from developing embryos of oilseed rape." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240398.

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18

Castell, Auví Anna. "The effects of grape seed procyanidin extract on insulin synthesis and secretion." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/79133.

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Las procianidinas son compuestos bioactivos presentes en frutas y vegetales. Aunque se conocen los efectos beneficiosos de estos compuestos en la homeostasis de la glucosa, su acción en la funcionalidad de la célula β no es clara. La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en describir los efectos de las procianidinas en la síntesis y secreción de insulina. Nuestros resultados muestran la capacidad de las procianidinas de modificar la funcionalidad de la célula β aumentando la relación insulina plasmática/mRNA, aunque la efectividad del tratamiento depende de la situación fisiológica. En situaciones no patológicas, las procianidinas afectan la insulinemia modificando la síntesis, secreción y/o degradación de la insulina. En situaciones de resistencia a la insulina, el tratamiento crónico con procianidinas disminuye la síntesis y secreción de insulina gracias a su acción limitando el acúmulo de lípidos. En cambio, en un modelo más dañado (obesidad genética), las procianidinas ejercen efectos similares pero no son capaces de mejorar la hipersinulinemia. En conclusión, las procianidinas, en las dosis ensayadas, pueden utilizarse únicamente como compuestos bioactivos limitando la disfuncionalidad de la célula β en sus estados iniciales.
Les procianidines són compostos bioactius presents en fruites i vegetals. Tot i que es coneixen els efectes beneficiosos d’aquests compostos en l’homeòstasi de la glucosa, la seva acció en la funcionalitat de la cèl•lulaβ no és clara. La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en descriureels efectes de les procianidines en la síntesi i secreció d’insulina. Els nostres resultats mostren la capacitat de les procianidines de modificar la funcionalitat de la cèl•lula β augmentant la relació insulina plasmàtica/mRNA, tot i que l’efectivitat del tractamentdepèn de la situaciófisiològica. En situacions no patològiques, les procianidines afecten la insulinèmia modificant la síntesi, secreciói/o degradació d’insulina. En situacions de resistència a la insulina, el tractamentcrònicamb procianidines disminueix la síntesi i secreció d’insulina gràcies a la seva acció limitant l’acumulació de lípids. En canvi, en un model més danyat (obesitat genètica), les procianidines exerceixen efectes similars però no son capaces de millorar la hiperinsulinèmia. En conclusió, les procianidines, en les dosis assajades, podenutilitzar-seúnicament coma compostos bioactiuslimitant la disfuncionalitat de la cèl•lula β en els seus estats inicials.
Procyanidins are bioactive compounds found in fruits and vegetables widely consumed. It has been reported that procyanidins show some beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, although their effects on β-cell functionality remain unresolved. This doctoral thesis is focus on describing the effects of procyanidins on insulin synthesis and secretion. Our results showed that procyanidins modify β-cell functionality through increasing the plasma insulin/mRNA ratio, although the effectiveness of the treatment depends on the physiological situation. Under non-pathological situation, procyanidins affected insulinaemia by modifying insulin synthesis, secretion and/or degradation activity. Under insulin-resistance situation, chronic procyanidins administration decreased insulin synthesis and secretion, thanks to its lipid-lowering effect. Otherwise in a more damaged model, Zucker fatty rat, procyanidins treatment is not able to reduce insulin plasma levels although they repress insulin expression. In conclusion, procyanidins could be used as bioactive compound to limit β-cell dysfunctions under high-palatable diets, but at the assayed doses, it is not enough to counteract a strong metabolic disruption.
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19

Human, Chris. "Aerosol synthesis of ceramic particles by seed growth : analysis of process constraints." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52635.

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Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aerosol synthesis involves the formation of condensable product species by gas-phase reaction, and the simultaneous growth of particles by coagulation. For the production of ceramic particles, reaction temperatures higher than 700 K are commonly used, and a maximum fusible particle size is observed. Coagulation-controlled growth yields spherical particles up to the maximum fusible size (approximately < 50 nm). Such particles coalesce rapidly and completely upon collision with other particles, whereas larger particles reach a meta-stable equilibrium for solid-state coalescence. Agglomerates with weak Van der Waal's bonds between particles inevitably form in the cooling/collection process. Coagulation of particles larger than the maximum fusible particle size yields agglomerates with significant neck growth between the primary particles. Spherical ceramic particles in the order of 1 J-Lm are favourable precursors for bulk electronic applications that require high purity. Such large spherical particles may possibly be produced in conditions of seed growth, which involves the deposition of small newly formed clusters onto larger existing particles. The central focus of the present work is to evaluate whether spherical ceramic particles significantly larger than the maximum fusible size may be produced by seed growth. The evaluation is done by modelling of process constraints and interpretation of published results. The modelling of constraints is based on a mathematical framework for comparison of different values of reactor design parameters. This framework comprises a simplified model system, a typology of quantities, and isolation of a set of independent design parameters. Comparison is done on the basis of fixed initial (seed) and final (product) particle sizes. The reactor design framework is used to evaluate the hypothesis on spherical seed growth, by assessing whether a reactor can be designed that satisfies all the process constraints. Future extension of the framework may allow optimisation for seed growth in general. The model system assumes laminar flow and isothermal conditions, and neglects the effect of reactor diameter on wall-deposition. The constraints are graphically represented in terms of the design parameters of initial reactant concentration and seed concentration. The effects of different temperatures and pressures on the constraints are also investigated. In a separate analysis, the suitability of turbulent flow for seed growth is assessed by calculating Brownian and turbulent collision coefficients for different colliding species. As turbulent intensity is increased, the seed coagulation rate is the first coagulation rate to be significantly enhanced by turbulence, resulting in a lowering of the maximum seed concentration allowed by the constraint for negligible seed coagulation. This tightening of a constraint by turbulence is the justification for considering only laminar flow for evaluating the hypothesis on spherical seed growth. Quantitative application of the model of constraints, as well as experimental and modelling results from the literature, did not demonstrate that significant spherical seed growth is possible without seed coagulation (agglomeration). As part of the conceptual effort in becoming familiar with aerosol reactor engineering, a simple two-mode plug-flow aerosol reactor model was developed, and verified with published results. This model has some novel value in that it translates the equations for aerosol dynamics into the terminology of reactor engineering.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aerosol sintese behels die gelyktydige chemiese vorming van 'n kondenseerbare spesie en die groei van partikels deur koagulasie. Temperature hoër as 700K word gewoonlik vir die aerosol sintese van keramieke gebruik. Partikels bo 'n sekere grootte kan nie saamsmelt nie. Koagulasie- beheerde groei lewer sferiese partikels tot en met die maksimum saamsmeltbare partikelgrootte (ongeveer < 50 nm). Wanneer sulke partikels bots, smelt hulle vinnig en volledig saam. Groter partikels bereik egter 'n meta-stabiele ewewig vir vastestof samesmelting. Agglomerate met swak Van der Waal's bindinge tussen partikels vorm onvermydelik wanneer die aerosol afgekoel word en die produk versamel word. Koagulasie van partikels groter as die maksimum saamsmeltbare grootte, lewer agglomerate met noemenswaardige nekvorming tussen primêre partikels. Sferiese keramiekpartikels in die ordegrootte van 1Mmis geskikte intermediêre produkte vir die vervaardiging van soliede eletroniese komponente waarvoor hoë materiaalsuiwerheid vereis word. Sulke groot sferiese partikels kan moontlik geproduseer word in toestande waar klein nuutgevormde partikels deponeer op groter bestaande partikels (saadpartikels). Die hoof-fokus van die huidige werk is om vas te stelof sferiese keramiekpartikels wat noemenswaardig groter is as die maksimum saamsmeltbare grootte, geproduseer kan word met die metode van saadpartikel-groei. Die moontlikheid word ondersoek deur 'n model van prosesbeperkings te maak, en deur gepubliseerde resultate te vertolk. Die model van prosesbeperkings is gegrond op 'n wiskundige raamwerk vir die vergelyking van verskillende waardes van reaktor ontwerp-parameters. Hierdie raamwerk bestaan uit 'n vereenvoudigde model-sisteem, 'n tipologie van verskillende soorte groothede, en die identifikasie van 'n stelonafhanklike ontwerp-parameters. Verskillende parameter-waardes word vergelyk vir dieselfde aanvanklike (saad) en resulterende (produk) partikelgroottes. Die reaktorontwerp-raamwerk word gebruik om die hipotese van sferiese saadpartikel-groei te evalueer, deur vas te stelof 'n reaktor ontwerp kan word wat aan al die prosesbeperkings voldoen. Mettertydse verfyning van die raamwerk kan dit moontlik geskik maak vir die optimering van saadpartikel-groei in die algemeen. Die model-sisteem is gebaseer op die aannames dat vloei laminêr en temperatuur konstant is, en die effek van reaktor-diameter op deponering op die reaktorwand word verontagsaam. Die posesbeperkings word grafies voorgestel in terme van oorspronklike reaktant-konsentrasie en saadpartikel-konsentrasie. Die effek van verskillende temperature en drukke op die prosesbeperkings word ook ondersoek. 'n Systaande ondersoek word gedoen oor die toepaslikheid van turbulente vloei vir saadpartikel- groei, deur botsings-koeffisiënte vir Brown-beweging en turbulensie te vergelyk. Wanneer turbulensie verhoog word, styg die koaguleringstempo van saadpartikels beduidend voordat ander koaguleringstempo's beduidend toeneem. Dit noodsaak 'n verlaging in die maksimum toelaatbare saadpartikel-konsentrasie om saadpartikel-koagulasie te verhoed. Hierdie verskerping van 'n prosesbeperking deur turbulente vloei, is die rede hoekom slegs laminêre vloei beskou word in die evaluering van die hipotese van sferiese saadpartikel-groei. Kwantitatiewe toepassing van die model van beperkings, asook eksperimentele en modellerings- resultate vanuit die literatuur, het nie getoon dat noemenswaardige groei van sferiese keramiekpartikels verkry kan word sonder saadpartikel-koagulasie (agglomerasie) nie. As deel van die proses om aerosol reaktor-ingenieurswese konsepsueelonder beheer te kry, is 'n eenvoudige twee-modus propvloei aerosol reaktor modelontwikkel. Die resultate van die model is bevestig deur vergelyking met gepubliseerde resultate. Hierdie model het die nuwigheid dat dit die vergelykings vir aerosol dinamika uitdruk in die terminologie van reaktor-ingenieurswese.
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20

Bhatti, Muhammad H. "Somatic embryogenesis in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in relation to cryopreservation and synthetic seed production." Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362256.

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21

Branco, Monique Peixoto Castelo. "Cristalização da zeólita ferrierita sem direcionador orgânico, variando-se a alcalinidade e o teor de sementes." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1277.

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Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates of natural or synthetic origin, with a structure consisting of an extensive microporous three-dimensional network, routinely used as catalysts, ion exchange and adsorbents. The production of ferrierite and other zeolites are limited due to the high cost of the organic structure-directing agents used in synthesis. Many studies are conducted with the goal of finding a viable and more economical route to the possibility of industrial scale production. The purpose of this study was to obtain a methodology for synthesis of ferrierite without using organic structure-directing agents, by hydrothermal method, inserting seeds during the crystallization gel preparation and varying the alkaline concentration of the mixture in order to achieve shorter times of crystallization and lower cost production at a temperature of 200°C. For the synthesis of materials prepared in this work were used: fumed silica as silicon source, pseudoboehmite as a source of aluminum, sodium and potassium hydroxide as sodium and potassium sources, respectively. As seeds to crystallization, samples of commercial ferrierita were used. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), spectroscopy of the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and thermal analysis (TG/DTA). The X-ray diffraction patterns showed characteristic peaks of zeolite desired in all conditions of synthesis. The infrared spectra showed bands characteristic of ferrierite, as a further indication of the formation of zeolite. TG curves showed a mass loss of up to 10% in the temperature range from 23 to 400°C. The results of the analysis confirmed the formation of zeolite ferrierite with good crystallinity and purity, proving the efficiency of the methodology.
As zeólitas são aluminossilicatos cristalinos, de origem natural ou sintética, com estrutura constituída por uma extensa rede tridimensional microporosa, rotineiramente utilizadas como catalisadores, trocadores iônicos e adsorventes. A produção da ferrierita, e outras zeólitas, são limitadas devido ao alto custo do direcionador orgânico utilizado na síntese. Muitos estudos são realizados com o objetivo de encontrar uma rota mais econômica e viável para a possibilidade de produção em escala industrial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter uma metodologia para síntese da ferrierita sem utilizar direcionador orgânico, pelo método hidrotérmico, inserindo sementes de cristalização durante o preparo do gel e variando a concentração alcalina da mistura reacional, a fim de alcançar menores tempos de cristalização e menor custo de produção, numa temperatura de 200°C. Para a síntese do material preparado neste trabalho foram utilizados: sílica fumed como fonte de silício, pseudoboehmita como fonte de alumínio, e hidróxido de sódio e potássio como fontes de sódio e potássio, respectivamente. Já para sementes de cristalização, foram utilizadas amostras de ferrierita comercial. As amostras sintetizadas foram caracterizadas por difração de raios X (DRX), espectroscopia na região do infravermelho por transformadas de Fourier (FT-IR) e análises térmicas (TG/DTA). Os difratogramas de raios X mostraram picos característicos da zeólita desejada em todas as condições de síntese. Os espectros de infravermelho apresentaram bandas características da ferrierita, sendo mais um indício da formação da zeólita. As curvas de TG mostraram uma perda de massa de no máximo 10% numa faixa de temperatura de 23 a 400°C. Os resultados das análises realizadas comprovaram a formação da zeólita ferrierita com boa cristalinidade e pureza, comprovando a eficiência da metodologia proposta.
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22

Yahyaoui, Emna. "Use of standard and setup of non conventional techniques for the elimination of viruses associated with Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) in fig germplasm (Ficus carica L.)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/79876.

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Abstract Ficus carica L. is considered one of the oldest fruit trees in the Mediterranean basin and is widely grown and harvested for the consumption of its fruits dry and fresh. This species is affected by different virus diseases, especially by Fig mosaic disease (FMD), for which Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2), Fig mild mottling-associated virus (FMMaV), Fig mosaic virus (FMV), Fig latent virus 1 (FLV-1), Fig badnavirus 1 (FBV-1) and Fig fleck-associated virus (FFkaV) are associated. FMD is the most widespread disorder of this species, which represents a threat and a constraint for healthy fig production and germplasm exchange. Thus, the objective of the present doctoral research was the establishment of an efficient and rapid in vitro F. carica propagation, sanitation and conservation of free-FMD plant material for future large-scale commercialization. Initially, FMD-related viruses distribution was screened within the different fig plant organs (buds, leaves, syconia and seeds) of 14 Mediterranean genotypes (Palazzo, Severoni precoce, Bianca, Pilusedda, Dottato bianco, Bifera, Zidi, Baiyadi, Biancu, Brogiotto nero, Catalanisca, Houmairi, Triboiti and Turca 'Serilop') which were utilized afterward as in vitro plant source material. RT-PCR assays revealed that all the aforementioned viruses were present without any exception in seeds, whereas only 4 viruses (FBV, FFkaV, FLMaV-1 and FMV) were detected in buds, leaves and syconia with highly variable infection rates. Moreover, encapsulation technology proved to be a powerful multiplication technique to sustain standard fig tissue culture protocol for three cultivars (Catalanisca, Palazzo and Bifera) and it gave high, almost similar, viability, regrowth and conversion rates. Microcutting rooting in one-step was achieved and conversion rate was comparable for the three cultivars. Furthermore, in order to eliminate FMD associated viruses, with the exception of FBV-1 which resisted to all the sanitation attempts, Caulogenesis and Meristem Tip Culture Protected by the Synthetic Seeds technique (MTC-SS) gave the best sanitation rates. Finally, F. carica (cv. Houmairi) artificial seeds conservation, for final delivery, was achieved. A high viability and moderate regrowth rates were registered with a lesser conversion rate strictly related to the plant growth regulators (PGRs) used. Keywords: Fig, mosaic, RT-PCR, virus distribution, cytokinins, encapsulation, micropropagation, synthetic seed.
Resumen La higuera (Ficus carica L.) es considerada como uno de de los árboles frutales más antiguos de la cuenca mediterránea y es ampliamente cultivado y cosechado para el consumo de sus frutos tanto secos como en fresco. Esta especie se ve afectada por diversas enfermedades virales, especialmente por la denominada "Fig mosaic disease" (FMD) asociada actualemnte a los virus: Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2), Fig mild mottling-associated virus (FMMaV), Fig mosaic virus (FMV), Fig latent virus 1 (FLV-1), Fig badnavirus 1 (FBV-1) y Fig fleck-associated virus (FFkaV). Esta enfermedad representa una amenaza y un obstáculo para la producción de higos y el intercambio de germoplasma. El principal objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer un método de propagación de higuera in vitro para el saneamiento y la conservación de material vegetal libre de FMD para su posterior comercialización. Inicialmente, se estudió la distribución de los virus implicados en la enfermedad en diversos órganos de 14 genotipos de F. carica (Palazzo, Severoni precoce, Bianca, Pilusedda, Dottato bianco, Bifera, Zidi, Baiyadi, Biancu, Brogiotto nero, Catalanisca, Houmairi, Triboiti y Turca 'Serilop'), los cuales fueron utilizados posteriormente como fuente material vegetal in vitro. Los resultados obtenidos mediante RT-PCR revelaron que todos los virus mencionados estaban presentes sin excepción en las semillas, mientras que sólo cuatro de ellos (FBV, FFkaV, FLMaV-1 y FMV) fueron en brotes, hojas y siconios con tasas de infección variables. Además, la tecnología de encapsulación demostró ser una técnica de multiplicación eficaz para poder aplicar el protocolo estándar de cultivo de tejidos de higo para tres cultivares (Catalanisca, Palazzo y Bifera) dando altas tasas de viabilidad, rebrote y conversión. Se logró el enraizamiento de microcortes en un solo paso y el índice de conversión fue comparable para los tres cultivares. La callogénesis y el culñtivo de meristemos con la técnica de la semilla sintética (MTC-SS) fueron las técnicas que proporcionaron mayores tasas de desinfección para los virus estudiados a excepción de con FBV-1, entidad viral que no fue eliminada con ninguna de las técnicas ensayadas. Por último, se logró la conservación de las semillas artificiales de higuera (cv Houmairi), registrándose una alta viabilidad y tasas de rebrote moderadas con un menor grado de conversión estrictamente relacionado con hormonas utilizadas. Palabras clave: Higuera, mosaico, RT-PCR, la distribución de los virus, hormonas, encapsulación, micropropagación, y la semilla sintética.
Resum La figuera (Ficus carica L.) és considerada un dels arbres fruiters més antics de la conca mediterrània i és àmpliament conreat i collit per al seu consum fresc i sec. Les malalties virals, especialment "Fig mosaic disease" (FMD), associada amb els viruses: Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1 (FLMaV-1), Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2 (FLMaV-2), Fig mild mottling-associated virus (FMMaV), Fig mosaic virus (FMV), Fig latent virus 1 (FLV-1), Fig badnavirus 1 (FBV-1) i Fig fleck-associated virus (FFkaV). Esta malaltia representa una amenaça per a la producció de figues i l'intercanvi de germoplasma. El principal objectiu d'aquest treball va ser estableixerun mètode de propagació de figuera in vitro per al sanejament i la conservació de material lliure de FMD per a su posterior commercialització. Inicialment, es va estudiar la distribució dels virus associats a FMD en diversos òrgans en 14 genotips de F. carica (Palazzo, Severoni Precoce, Bianca, Pilusedda, Dottato bianco, Bifera, Zidi, Baiyadi, Biancu, Brogiotto diners, Catalanisca, Houmairi, Triboiti i Turca 'Serilop'), els quals van ser utilitzats posteriorment com a font de material vegetal in vitro. Els resultats obtinguts del anàlisis realitzats per RT-PCR van revelar que tots els virus eren presents sense excepció en les llavors, mentre que només quatre virus (FBV, FFkaV, FLMaV-1 i FMV) van ser detectats en brots, fulles i siconis amb taxes d'infecció variables. A més, la tecnologia d'encapsulació va demostrar ser una tècnica de multiplicació eficaç per poder aplicar el protocol estàndard de cultiu de teixits de figa per a tres cultivars (Catalanisca, Palazzo i Bifera) donant taxesadequades de viabilitat, rebrot i conversió. Es va aconseguir l'arrelament de microtalls en un sol pas i l'índex de conversió va ser comparable per als tres cultivars. La calogènesi i el cultiu de meristems protegits per llavors sintètiques (MTC-SS)van ser les tècniques que proporcionarem millores tases de desinfecció per als virus estudiats amb l'excepció de FBV-1 que es va resistir a tots els mètodes de sanejament. Finalment, es va aconseguir la conservació de la llavors artificials de figuera (cv. Houmairi), registrant-ne una alta viabilitat i taxes de rebrot moderades amb un menor grau de conversió estrictament relacionat amb hormones utilitzades. Paraules clau: Figuera, mosaic, RT-PCR, la distribució dels virus, hormones, encapsulació, micropropagació, i la llavor sintètica.
Yahyaoui, E. (2017). Use of standard and setup of non conventional techniques for the elimination of viruses associated with Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) in fig germplasm (Ficus carica L.) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/79876
TESIS
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23

鄭一楓 and Yi-Feng Zheng. "A study of the synthesis and properties of some oxiranyl and thiirangllong chain fatty acid esters and the production of furanyl derivativesfrom the seed oil of biota orientalis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209063.

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24

Ngungeni, Yonela. "Antimicrobial, anticancer and catalytic activities of green synthesized Avocado seed extract-gold nanoparticles." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7809.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Nature through billions of years of trial and error has produced an immeasurable amount of natural systems like plants, birds and animals. The intelligence of nature is hidden in these natural systems and researchers are turning towards “Nature’s intelligence” to find inspiration and advance novelty in the development of nanomaterials. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have unique optical, electronic and physicochemical features which has gained them popularity and widespread exploitation in various applications. The conventional methods used for AuNPs synthesis employs toxic chemicals which makes these NPs unsafe for biomedical applications. Hence, there is a search for new, ‘green’ and more cost effective methods for AuNPs synthesis. Plant extracts are regarded as a highly desirable system for nanoparticle synthesis due to their tremendous capability to produce a wide range of phytochemicals that can act as reducing agents. The main goal of this study was to synthesize AuNPs in a cost effective manner without the use of toxic chemicals in the synthesis process. Avocado seeds which are an agricultural waste by-product were used for the biosynthesis of AuNPs. The study reports on the synthesis optimization, characterization and activities of the biogenic AuNPs. The avocado seed extract mediated - AuNPs (AvoSE-AuNPs) were optimized by varying reaction parameters and characterized by UV-visible, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Zetasizer and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The formation of AvoSE-AuNPs had an absorption maximum at 534 nm. HRTEM and DLS confirmed that the NPs were polydispersed and present in different shapes. The presence of phytochemical constituents on the AvoSE-AuNPs were confirmed by FTIR. Their potential antibacterial activity was tested on bacterial strains known to exhibit resistance to a number of current antibiotics. The catalytic activity of AvoSE-AuNPs was also assessed as a means to contribute to the development of new methods aimed at alleviating organic pollutants such as nitrophenols in the environment. The AvoSE-AuNPs demonstrated excellent catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-NP by NaBH4 as shown by the rapid decrease in the nitrophenolate absorption band at 400 nm and the appearance of new absorption band at 298 nm, revealing the formation of the 4-aminophenol. Furthermore, the rate constants calculated demonstrated that the reaction occurs faster in the presence AvoSEAuNPs. The AvoSE-AuNPs showed low significant cytotoxicity. Cell cycle analysis was conducted to further investigate the apparent exhibited toxicity of the AvoSE-AuNPs. The results showed that in both cell lines treated with AvoSE-AuNPs and AvoSE there was a ii | P a g e disruption in the regulation of cell cycle. Cell cycle analysis helped improve understanding of the low cytotoxicity observed by the MTT assay results. The results presented in this study clearly demonstrate the feasibility of using AvoSE for the synthesis of AuNPs. This study demonstrated that AvoSE mediated AuNPs synthesis is a greener alternative as it abides by the green chemistry principles. Furthermore, the study outcomes contributed to minimizing environmental pollution by finding use for agricultural waste and thus ultimately adding value to the field.
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25

Zhang, Qing-Yu, Rui Yu, Li-Hang Xie, Mahbubur Rahman, Aruna Kilaru, Li-Xin Niu, and Yan-Long Zhang. "Fatty Acid and Associated Gene Expression Analyses of Three Tree Peony Species Reveal Key Genes for α-Linolenic Acid Synthesis in Seeds." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4744.

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The increasing demand for healthy edible oil has generated the need to identify promising oil crops. Tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) is a woody oil crop with α-linolenic acid contributing for 45% of the total fatty acid (FA) content in seeds. Molecular and genetic differences that contribute to varied FA content and composition among the wild peony species are however, poorly understood. Analyses of FA content and composition during seed development in three tree peony species (P. rockii, P. potaninii, and P. lutea) showed varied FA content in the three species with highest in P. rockii, followed by P. potaninii, and P. lutea. Total FA content increased with seed development and reached its maximum in its final stage. Seed FA composition analysis of the three species also revealed that α-linolenic acid (C18:3) was the most abundant, followed by oleic (C18:1) and linoleic (C18:2) acids. Additionally, quantitative real-time RT-PCR analyses of 10 key seed oil synthesis genes in the three tree peony species revealed that FAD3, FAD2, β-PDHC, LPAAT and Oleosin gene expression levels positively correlate with total FA content and rate of accumulation. Specifically, the abundance of FAD3 transcripts in P. rockii compared with P. potaninii, and P. lutea suggests that FAD3 might play in an important role in synthesis of α-linolenic acid via phosphatidylcholine-derived pathway. Overall, comparative analyses of FA content and composition in three different peony species revealed correlation between efficient lipid accumulation and lipid gene expression during seed development. Further characterization and manipulation of these key genes from peonies will allow for subsequent improvement of tree peony oil quality and production.
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老洪柏 and Hongbai Lao. "A study of the synthesis and properties of some long chain fatty acid esters containing azido, amino, amido and amino acid residues and theanalysis of some seed oils used in Chinese medicine." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208691.

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27

Quintela, Paulo Henrique Leite. "Síntese da Zeólita Ferrierita sem a utilização de direcionador orgânico a partir de sistema contendo sementes." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1197.

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Ferrierite is a high silica zeolite, with bidimensional microporous structure, that shows remarkable performance as acid catalyst in some reactions involving hydrocarbons, especially the isomerization of n-butene to isobutene. In most cases, ferrierite synthesis requires the use of organic structure-directing agents, which increases the material production cost and, consequently, hinders its application on an industrial scale. In the present work, a synthesis route to ferrierite zeolite without using any organic structure agent was developed, starting from a reaction mixture containing seed crystals. The samples were synthesized by hydrothermal method at the temperature of 170 ºC, employing the following reagents: pseudoboehmite, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and commercial silica. Seeds were prepared from a commercial ferrierite sample with high crystallinity. The synthesis parameters evaluated were as follows: percentage of seeds (5 and 15%), water content (300 and 500 mol) and synthesis time (12 to 72 h). The samples obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), absorption spectroscopy in the infrared region (FT-IR), thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results showed that ferrierite with good crystallinity can be synthesized in a period of 12 h, using a percentage of seeds of 15%, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The water content did not affect significantly the crystallization time of ferrierite. However, the more diluted system delayed the advent of contaminating phases such as mordenite. The samples submitted for analysis by infrared spectroscopy showed absorption bands typical of zeolitic structures. Thermal analysis results showed a mass loss of 11 to 14% in the temperature range between 30 and 500 ºC, mainly attributed to the material dehydration. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the ferrierite produced has an irregular morphology, due to the intergrowth of crystals.
A ferrierita é uma zeólita de alta sílica, com estrutura microporosa bidimensional, que apresenta notável desempenho como catalisador ácido em algumas reações envolvendo hidrocarbonetos, com destaque para a isomerização do n-buteno em isobuteno. Na maioria dos casos, a síntese da ferrierita exige a utilização de agentes orgânicos direcionadores de estrutura, o que aumenta o custo de produção do material e, consequentemente, dificulta sua aplicação em escala industrial. No presente trabalho foi desenvolvida uma rota de síntese da zeólita ferrierita sem o uso de direcionador orgânico, partindo de uma mistura reacional contendo sementes de cristalização. As amostras foram sintetizadas pelo método hidrotérmico à temperatura de 170 ºC, empregando os seguintes reagentes: pseudobohemita, hidróxido de sódio, hidróxido de potássio e sílica comercial. As sementes foram preparadas a partir de uma amostra de ferrierita comercial com alta cristalinidade. Os parâmetros de síntese avaliados foram o percentual de sementes (5 e 15%), o teor de água do sistema reacional (300 e 500 mol) e o tempo de síntese (12 a 72 h). As amostras obtidas foram caracterizadas por difratometria de raios X (DRX), espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho (FT-IR), análises térmicas (TG/DTA) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados de DRX demonstraram que ferrierita com boa cristalinidade pode ser sintetizada em um período de 12 h, empregando um percentual de sementes de 15%, o que comprova a eficácia da metodologia proposta. O teor de água não influenciou de maneira significativa o tempo de cristalização da ferrierita. No entanto, o sistema mais diluído retardou o surgimento de fases contaminantes, como a mordenita. As amostras submetidas à análise por espectroscopia de infravermelho apresentaram as bandas de absorção típicas das estruturas zeolíticas. Os resultados das análises térmicas mostraram uma perda de massa de 11 a 14% na faixa de temperatura entre 30 e 500 ºC, atribuída principalmente à desidratação do material. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura revelou que a ferrierita produzida possui morfologia irregular, devido ao intercrescimento dos cristais.
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Mendonça, Thayane Regine Dantas de. "Síntese da zeólita ZSM-5 com adição de sementes, empregando-se diferentes fontes de silício." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1209.

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The ZSM-5 zeolite is used in various processes in the petroleum refining and petrochemical, this is possible due to properties such as acid catalyst and high hydrothermal stability. Whereas it is a material of great commercial interest, it is essential that synthesize zeolite in the absence of organic compounds (SDAs), a factor that increases the production cost of these materials. Thus it is necessary the development of new synthetic methodologies for obtaining this material more economically. In this context, the aim of the study was to synthesize ZSM-5 zeolite by hydrothermal method by varying several parameters, such as silica source, SAR, OH/SiO2 reason, utilization of seeds and crystallization time in order to achieve shorter times in the formation of crystalline material. In the synthesis of these materials were used: aluminum sulphate octadecahydrate as an aluminum source, silica gel, sodium silicate as silicon source, sodium hydroxide as sodium source and sulfuric acid. Samples of commercial ZSM-5 CBV 2314 were also employed in the synthesis gel as crystallization seeds. All samples synthesized were characterized by XRD. However, only the sample used as a reference standard was also characterized by FT-IR, TG / DTA and BET in order to understand its physicochemical properties. The XRD analyses indicated the formation of ZSM-5 zeolite for all sources of silica used, however, best results were obtained with sodium silicate as a precursor source of silicon, SiO2/Al2O3 ratio = 50. The samples with the SAR’s 25 and 100 obtained concurrent phases at times greater than 15 and 24 hours, respectively. The spectra in the infrared region confirmed absorption bands characteristic of ZSM-5 zeolite. The thermal analysis showed two stages of weight loss, the first related to the removal of physically adsorbed water and the second to the desorption of the molecule of ammonia, as ZSM-5 commercial in its ammonia form was used as a seed. The results of BET, in turn, showed type I isotherm and high value of specific area, typical characteristics of microporous solids. In microscopy, it could be observed crystallites in the prismatic form with different sizes in length, consistent with the literature. The results showed that synthetic methodologies were effective in formations of crystals of ZSM-5. In this sense, this study showed the sodium silicate as silicon source most appropriate with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio = 50, OH/SiO2 = 0.15 and 10% of seeds, which revealed 100% of crystalline material in 13 hours of synthesis to 170 °C. So, it was possible to propose a plausible rout of synthesis to the zeolite studied.
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A zeólita ZSM-5 é utilizada em diversos processos no refino de petróleo e petroquímica, isso devido as suas propriedades como catalisador ácido e elevada estabilidade hidrotérmica. Por ser um material de grande interesse comercial, torna-se indispensável sintetizar esta zeólita na ausência de compostos orgânicos (SDA's), fator que encarece os custos de produção desses materiais. Deste modo se faz necessário o desenvolvimento de novas metodologias de síntese para a obtenção deste material de forma mais econômica. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do estudo foi sintetizar a zeólita ZSM-5 pelo método hidrotérmico variando diversos parâmetros, tais como, fonte de sílica, SAR, razão OH/SiO2, utilização de sementes e tempo de cristalização com a finalidade de alcançar menores tempos de formação do material cristalino. Nas sínteses desses materiais foram utilizados: sulfato de alumínio octadecahidratado como fonte de alumínio, sílicas gel, pirolítica e silicato de sódio como fonte de silício, hidróxido de sódio como fonte de sódio e ácido sulfúrico. Também foram empregadas no gel de síntese amostras de ZSM-5 comercial CBV 2314 como sementes de cristalização. Todas as amostras sintetizadas foram caracterizadas por DRX. Porém, apenas a amostra utilizada como padrão de referência foi caracterizada também por FT-IR, TG/DTA e BET a fim de compreender suas propriedades físico-químicas. As análises de DRX indicaram a formação da zeólita ZSM-5 para todas as fontes de sílica utilizadas, no entanto, foram obtidos melhores resultados com o silicato de sódio como fonte precursora de silício, com razão SiO2/Al2O3=50. As amostras com os SAR’s 25 e 100 obtiveram fases concorrentes para as amostras em tempos superiores a 15 e 24 horas, respectivamente. Os espectros na região do infravermelho confirmaram as bandas de absorção características da zeólita ZSM-5. As análises térmicas apresentaram duas etapas de perda de massa, a primeira relacionada à remoção de água fisicamente adsorvida e a segunda à dessorção de moléculas de amônia, já que a ZSM-5 comercial em sua forma amoniacal foi utilizada como semente. Os resultados de BET por sua vez, revelaram isoterma do tipo I e valor da área específica elevado, características típicas de sólidos microporosos. Nas microscopias, puderam-se observar cristalitos na forma prismática, com diferentes tamanhos de comprimento, concordando com a literatura. Os resultados mostraram que as metodologias de síntese foram eficazes na formação de cristais da ZSM-5. Visto isso, este estudo evidenciou o silicato de sódio como fonte de silício mais adequada com razão SiO2/Al2O3=50, OH/SiO2=0,15 e 10% de sementes, onde se obteve o material 100% cristalino em 13 horas de síntese a 170 ºC. Logo, foi possível propor uma plausível rota de síntese para a zeólita estudada.
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29

Llorens, Balada Eduard. "Study of HfN as seed layer for next generation of BAW RF filters : synthesis, characterization, and investigation of piezoelectric performance." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80960.

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Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) have become an essential component of a wide range ofelectronic devices over the last decades such as accelerometers, microphones, gas sensors, and filters.During this new millennium, a new radio frequency (RF) technology has been developed to satisfy thetough demands that arose due to the implementation of 5G wireless communication: bulk acoustic wave(BAW) filters.BAW devices use the piezoelectric effect, converting mechanical vibrations to electrical signals, topower wireless devices. BAW filters can operate between 3.5 GHz and 6 GHz, therefore, within therange of the new 5G. BAW technology offers lower insertion loss, higher heat dissipation, andperformances at higher power and frequency which increases the data speed considerably.This thesis will be focused on the study of the materials used in BAW devices. A common BAW filteris made from different layers distributed in a stack, from the bottom to the upper part, the BAW filteris composed of a substrate, a transducer layer made of a piezoelectric layer in between of two electrodes,and intermediate layers that can enhance the addition of the deposited layers on top called buffer layers,or the crystal quality of the films on top called seed layers.The main characteristic that a buffer layer must possess is an intermediate lattice parameter betweenthat of the substrate and the top layer. When these two layers present a high lattice mismatch, theinterface quality is rather poor. By using a buffer layer, and therefore, by adding two different interfaces,the crystal quality is improved by decreasing the internal stress and the crystal distortion. Buffer layermaterials depend on the type of materials that will be in contact with them.A seed layer is usually used to improve the crystal quality of a layer that requires extreme sputteringparameters to be used to be deposited possessing a high crystal quality and a preferred orientation. Seedlayers used in BAW devices, whose piezoelectric layer is made of AlScN or AlN, are usually made ofhighly c-axis oriented and highly crystalline AlN.The objective of this study is to analyze the deposition of AlN and HfN by means of reactive radiofrequency magnetron sputtering and reactive pulsed-direct current magnetron sputtering, respectively.AlN is largely used as a buffer layer and as a seed layer, however, the new approach of this report is tostudy the sputtering of HfN and compare it as a possible candidate to replace AlN as a seed layer.
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30

Rochefort, Aude. "Le microbiote des graines de Brassica napus : assemblage, transmission et contribution à la réponse de la plante à un champignon pathogène du sol." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03285677.

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Le microbiote des plantes peut moduler leur fitness. Comprendre les processus écologiques qui dirigent son assemblage est nécessaire pour promouvoir la croissance et la santé des plantes via la manipulation de sa composition. La graine et le sol sont les deux principaux réservoirs du microbiote de la plante et donc essentiels pour son assemblage. Dans cette thèse, nous avons montré que la structure du microbiote des graines de Brassica napus est surtout façonnée par l’environnement mais également par le génotype de l’hôte. Le produit de la coalescence des communautés des graines et du sol a été évalué avec des sols de diversité microbienne contrastée et des lots de graines distincts. Seule la diversité microbienne du sol module la structure du microbiote des racines et des tiges.Les plantules favorisent l’émergence de taxons rares issus des graines et du sol. L’influence de ces niveaux de diversité sur une maladie a été mesurée avec le champignon pathogène Rhizoctonia solani. Le sol de diversité élevée entraîne une réduction de maladie pour un lot de graines, révélant un rôle du microbiote des graines. Aucun lien entre le microbiote des graines, le microbiote des plantules et la maladie n’a pu être établi. La transmission de communautés synthétiques bactériennes a ensuite été mesurée. Leur inoculation sur graines impacte la diversité du microbiote des plantules et la maladie. La connaissance de la coalescence, la transmission de taxons rares et l’utilisation de communautés synthétiques révèlent de nouveaux leviers de pilotage de l’assemblage du microbiote des plantules et
Plant microbiota can modulate host fitness. Understanding the ecological processes that drive its assembly is a prerequisite for promoting plant growth and health via the manipulation of its composition. Seed and soil are two main sources of plant microbiota inoculum and are therefore critical for its assembly. In this thesis, we showed that the structure of the seed microbiota of Brassica napus is primarily shaped by the environment and to a lesser extent by host genotype. The output of community coalescence between seed and soil microbiota was assessed with soils of contrasting microbial diversity and with distinct seed samples. Soil diversity but not seed diversity modulates seedling microbiota structure in roots and stems.Overall, seedling favors the emergence of seed- and soil-borne rare taxa. Impact of these different levels of initial diversity on a plant disease were monitored during inoculation with the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. The soil of high diversity promotes disease reduction for one particular seed lot, giving rise for a role of the seed microbiota. No link between initial seed microbiota, seedling microbiota and disease could be established. The transmission of bacterial synthetic communities was subsequently monitored. Their inoculation on seed influences seedling microbial diversity and disease. Coalescence knowledge, transmission of rare taxa from seed to seedling and synthetic community using, give new inputs to drive seedling microbiota assembly and disease reduction
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31

Arsovski, Andrej Adam. "Identifying novel genes involved in the synthesis, secretion and modification of cell wall components in the seed coat of «Arabidopsis thaliana»." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92159.

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Plant cells are encased within a complex polysaccharide wall that not only strengthens the plant, but also has key roles in plant growth, cell differentiation, and defence. The plant cell wall is comprised of a network of cellulose microfibrils interconnected by hemicelluloses; this framework is embedded in a more soluble pectin matrix. This dynamic structure is under continual modification during plant growth and development, and its synthesis and modification requires the activity of a myriad of enzymes. Recent research has provided insight into how plants manufacture and regulate the cell wall during development, but much remains unknown. The mucilage secretory cells (MSCs) of Arabidopsis thaliana are used as a model to discover novel genes involved in the synthesis, secretion and modification of cell wall components, particularly pectin. These cells synthesize copious amounts of pectinaceous mucilage during development and, upon hydration of the desiccated seed, this mucilage rapidly swells, bursts from the MSCs and surrounds the seed in a gelatinous capsule. The patchy (pty)/beta-xylosidase1(bxl1) mutant has a peculiar phenotype where mucilage release is patchy and slow, and mutant seeds are delayed in germination. Cloning of the mutant locus revealed a lesion in an encoded bifunctional β-xylosidase/α-arabinofuranosidase. Chemical and immunological analyses indicate an increase in 1,5-linked arabinans, suggesting the action of AtBXL1 is required for the trimming of these chains to allow correct mucilage release. In addition to the study of AtBXL1, an enhancer/suppressor screen of the mum4 reduced mucilage mutant was performed in order to identify novel genes involved in mucilage secretory cell differentiation. The screen identified six novel mutants named mum enhancer (men) 1-6. Characterization of men mum4 double mutants revealed two distinct groups, those that produced similar amounts of mucilage to mum4 but failed to release it (men2, 6), and
Les cellules végétales sont encastrées dans une paroi de polysaccharide complexe qui non seulement renforce la plante mais aussi agit de façon cruciale dans les mécanismes de croissance, de différentiation cellulaire et de défense. La paroi des cellules végétales consiste en un réseau de microfibrilles de cellulose connectées par des hemicelluloses. Ce réseau est encastré dans une matrice de pectine plus solubilisable. Cette structure dynamique est en modification perpétuelle pendant le développement et la croissance de la plante. Ces changements et sa synthèse engage l'action d'une myriade d'enzymes. Des études récentes ont données de nouvelles perspectives sur comment les plantes produisent et régulent leur paroi cellulaire pendant le développement cependant beaucoup reste à découvrir. Les cellules sécréteuses de mucilage (MSCs) d'Arabidopsis thaliana sont utilisées comme modèles pour la découverte de nouveaux gène impliqués dans la synthèse, sécrétion et la modification des composants de la paroi cellulaire, particulièrement la pectine. Ces cellules synthétisent de grandes quantité de mucilage pectiné durant le développement et, après hydration de la graine disséquée, celui-ci gonfle rapidement, jaillit des MSCs entourant la graine d'une capsule gélatineuse. Le mutant patchy (pty)/beta-xylosidase1(bxl1) présente un phénotype particulier où le relargage est épars et lent, ces graines présentent aussi un retard dans la germination. Le clonage du locus muté a révélé une lésion dans la β-xylosidase/α-arabinofuranosidase bifonctionelle transcrite. Les analyses chimique et immunologique ont indiquées une augmentation des 1,5-linked arabinans suggérant que l'action de BXL1 est requise pour l'hydrolyse de ces chaines permettant un bon relargage du mucilage. En parallèle de cette étude, un screen des enhancers/suppresseurs du mutant au mucilage réduit mum4 dans l'intention d'identifier des nouveaux gènes imp
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Gilliland, Stanley E. III. "Modified Seed Growth of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Benzyl Alcohol: Magnetic Nanoparticles for Radio Frequency Hyperthermia Treatment of Cancer." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3611.

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Iron oxide nanoparticles have received sustained interest for biomedical applications as synthetic approaches are continually developed for precise control of nanoparticle properties. This thesis presents an investigation of parameters in the benzyl alcohol synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. A modified seed growth method was designed for obtaining optimal nanoparticle properties for magnetic fluid hyperthermia. With a one or two addition process, iron oxide nanoparticles were produced with crystallite sizes ranging from 5-20 nm using only benzyl alcohol and iron precursor. The effects of reaction environment, temperature, concentration, and modified seed growth parameters were investigated to obtain precise control over properties affecting radiofrequency heat generation. The reaction A2-24(205)_B2-24(205) produced monodispersed (PDI=0.265) nanoparticles with a crystallite size of 19.5±1.06 nm and the highest radiofrequency heating rate of 4.48 (°C/min)/mg (SAR=1,175.56 W/g, ILP=3.1127 nHm2/kg) for the reactions investigated. The benzyl alcohol modified seed growth method offers great potential for synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticles for radiofrequency hyperthermia.
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33

Sanci, Rukiye. "Synthesis Of Colloidal Silver Particles With Different Sizes By Seeding Approach For Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (sers) Studies." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611076/index.pdf.

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In this study, silver nanorods and nanospheroids were prepared both in aqueous solution and on the surface of glass slides through seed-mediated growth approach at room temperature and used as a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. The synthesis of metallic nanorods was started with the production of silver nanospheres as seed utilizing sodium borohydride and trisodium citrate as reducing and capping agents, respectively. These seeds were then added to a growth solution containing additional silver salt, ascorbic acid and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB.) Nanorod preparation conditions were first optimized in solution phase. The plasmon absorption of the formed nanocrystals was monitored by UV-Visible spectrometry. The largest red shift in the longitudinal plasmon resonance absorption of silver nanostructures was tried to be achieved in order to realize the highest electromagnetic enhancement in Raman measurements. The images of the formed nanorods were recorded using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The optimized colloidal growth conditions were adopted for the growth of nanorods on the surface of the glass substrate. Sol-gel coated glass slides were used in order to increase the porosity on the surface for an effective seeding process. We reported the development of a novel SERS substrate prepared by growing silver nanorods directly on the surface of glass surface without using any linker molecule. The SERS performances of the nanorod growth surfaces were evaluated with crystal violet (CV), brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) and benzoic acid (BA). Some modifications such as the increase in the AgNO3 concentration in the growth solution and the addition of hydrocarbons to the growth solution were investigated for the enhancement of the SERS signal. The intense spectra obtained for the model compounds demonstrated the efficiency of the prepared substrate for the SERS enhancement and its potential as a SERS detection probe for chemical and biological analysis.
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PELEIAS, JUNIOR FERNANDO dos S. "Desenvolvimento da metodologia de síntese e purificação dos dímeros L-lactídeo e glicolídeo para produção do poli (ácido lático-co-ácido glicólico) para utilização na produção de fontes radioativas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2017. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/28054.

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A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) relata o câncer como uma das principais causas de morte no mundo. O câncer de próstata é o segundo tipo de câncer mais prevalente em homens, com cerca de 1,1 milhão de casos diagnosticados em 2012. Braquiterapia com iodo-125 é uma método de radioterapia que consiste na introdução de sementes com material radioativo no interior do órgão a ser tratado. As sementes de iodo-125 podem ser inseridas soltas ou em cordas poliméricas bioabsorvíveis, mais comumente o poli(ácido lático-co-ácido glicólico) (PLGA). A função do polímero é reduzir a possibilidade de migração das sementes, o que poderia ser prejudicial para órgãos e tecidos saudáveis. De modo a reduzir os custos do tratamento, a síntese dos dímeros L-lactídeo e glicolídeo, para posterior utilização para preparação do PLGA, por meio da polimerização por abertura de anel, é proposta neste trabalho. Adicionalmente, propõe-se a utilização do amino-alcóxido tris(fenolato) de zircônio (IV) como alternativa ao usual octanoato de estanho (SnOct2), uma vez que a toxicidade do estanho permanece como obstáculo na produção do PLGA para aplicações biomédicas. Embora o iniciador de zircônio seja mais lento do que o SnOct2, massas molares relativamente elevadas foram obtidas quando razões monômero/iniciador (M/I) de 1000/1 (24 h), e 5000/1 (48 h) foram utilizadas. Considerando que as unidades glicolila (GA) são mais reativas do que as unidades lactila (LA), tempos longos de reação são necessários para atingir uma razão LA/GA próxima do objetivo do trabalho (85/15). O grau de racemização também depende do iniciador utilizado. As reações de polimerização realizadas com o iniciador de zircônio mostraram um maior grau de racemização, quando comparadas com aquelas realizadas com o SnOct2. Também foi observado um ligeiro aumento na racemização com o tempo. Considerando os resultados obtidos na síntese e purificação dos dímeros, e na síntese do PLGA em condições semelhantes às industriais, foi possível preparar o polímero de alta massa molar com um custo dezenas de vezes inferior ao custo do PLGA no mercado internacional. Os efeitos da radiação gama no PLGA também foram estudados. Doses normalmente aplicadas para esterilizar materiais para aplicações biomédicas foram empregadas: 10, 18, 25 e 50 kGy. A massa molar de todas as amostras irradiadas diminuiu de uma forma proporcional à dose até 56% de perda para 10 kGy e 72% para 50 kGy porém, são menos pronunciadas para doses mais elevadas. Alterações nas propriedades térmicas, tais como temperatura de fusão, temperatura de transição vítrea e a entalpia de cristalização e fusão foram também observadas após a irradiação.
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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35

Zheng, Yi-Feng. "A study of the synthesis and properties of some oxiranyl and thiirangl long chain fatty acid esters and the production of furanyl derivatives from the seed oil of biota orientalis /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12437153.

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36

Silva, Rodrigo Costa da. "SÃntese de NanopartÃculas de Prata com Extrato Aquoso das Sementes de Girassol (Helianthus annus) e Galactomanana da Fava Danta (Dimorpharndra gardneriana Tul.)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11692.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
As nanopartÃculas metÃlicas apresentam inÃmeras aplicaÃÃes, como na construÃÃo de sensores, microeletrÃnica, catÃlise, aÃÃo bactericida, cÃlulas fotovoltaicas, entre outras. Dentre elas, a nanopartÃculas de prata (NPAg) tem ganhado destaque, em especial pela a sua atividade bactericida e por exibirem propriedades Ãpticas e eletromagnÃticas diferentes das observadas no metal agregado. VÃrias metodologias de sÃntese de nanopartÃculas de prata jà foram desenvolvidas. Para substituir os mÃtodos clÃssicos, que se baseiam na reduÃÃo dos Ãons prata por boroidreto de sÃdio ou citrato de sÃdio. A sÃntese verde, uma dessas novas metodologias, propÃe o uso de extrato de plantas, aÃÃcares, microrganismos e polissacarÃdeos para a reduÃÃo dos Ãons prata e estabilizaÃÃo das nanopartÃculas obtidas. O objetivo deste trabalho à propor a sÃntese verde de nanopartÃculas de prata, usando o extrato aquoso de sementes de girassol como agente redutor e soluÃÃo de galactomanana da fava danta como agente estabilizante. As NPAg foram sintetizadas adicionando-se 500 μL de soluÃÃo de AgNO3 a 20 mL de soluÃÃo de galactomanana 0,032% (m/v) e 5 mL do extrato aquoso. As sÃnteses foram conduzidas a temperatura ambiente, 50, 70 e 90 ÂC, utilizando soluÃÃes 10 e 100 mmol/L de AgNO3 e soluÃÃo de galactomanana 0,032 %. O extrato aquoso das sementes de girassol liofilizado, apresentou um teor de umidade de 11,7%, um teor de proteÃnas de 15,5% e um resÃduo a 900ÂC de 12,8%. A formaÃÃo das nanopartÃculas foi confirmada por espectroscopia de absorÃÃo na regiÃo do UV-Vis, pela banda de ressonÃncia de plasmon na regiÃo de 400 nm. Os sistemas reacionais, com maior concentraÃÃo de Ag+, mostraram-se mais eficiente que os sistemas com menor concentraÃÃo desse Ãon. Entretanto, as NPAg formadas apresentaram maiores valores de λmÃx (lambda mÃxima) e LMA (largura de banda à meia altura), indicando maiores tamanhos e maior polidispersividade das mesmas. O aumento da temperatura favorece a formaÃÃo das NPAg para todos os sistemas, inclusive os sistemas com menor concentraÃÃo de Ãons prata. Os coloides obtidos em presenÃa de soluÃÃo de galactomanana apresentaram bandas de plasmon simÃtricas, bem definidas e estreitas, indicando a galactomanana como estabilizante na formaÃÃo das NPAg. Avaliou-se a estabilidade temporal dos coloides por anÃlise de UV-Vis, os resultados demonstraram que os coloides obtidos sÃo estÃveis. O poder redutor do extrato das sementes de girassol nÃo sofreu alteraÃÃo com o aquecimento prÃvio a temperatura de 90 ÂC e nem apÃs processo de liofilizaÃÃo e resuspensÃo, porÃm o poder redutor do extrato diminuiu apÃs uma partiÃÃo com acetato de etila e apÃs um processo de diÃlise. O MET mostrou que as nanopartÃculas de prata formada apresenta formato esfÃrico com pouca polidispersÃo e diÃmetro na faixa de Â17 nm.
Metallic nanoparticles have several applications, such as in biosensor, microelectronics, catalysis, bactericidal action and photovoltaic cells. Silver nanoparticles (NPAg) has gained prominence, especially for its bactericidal activity and exhibit different optical and electromagnetic properties. Several methods for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles have been developed to replace traditional methods, which are based on the reduction of silver ions by sodium borohydride or sodium citrate. The green synthesis proposes the use of plant extracts, sugars, polysaccharides, and microorganisms for the reduction of silver ions and stabilization of the nanoparticles obtained. The objective of this work is to propose the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of sunflower seeds as a reducing agent and galactomannan from fava danta, as a stabilizer agent. NPAg were synthesized by adding 500 μl of a solution of AgNO3 and 20 mL of galactomannan 0.032 % (w/v) and 5 mL of aqueous extract. The syntheses were carried out at room temperature, 50, 70 and 90 Â C, using 10 to 100 mmol/L AgNO3 solution and 0.032% solutions of galactomannan. The aqueous extracts of sunflower seeds, when dried showed a moisture content of 11.7 %, protein content of 15.5% and a residue at 900Â C of 12.8 %. All colloid synthesized were analyzed by absorption spectroscopy in the UV-Vis confirming the formation of the band NPAG the appearance of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the region of 400 nm. The reaction systems with higher concentrations of Ag+, were more efficient than systems with lower concentration of this ion. However the NPAg formed, showed higher λmÃx (maximum lambda) and LMA (bandwidth at half maximum), indicating larger sizes and higher polydispersity of the same. Raising the temperature favors the formation of NPAG to all systems, including systems with lower concentrations of silver ions. Colloids obtained in the presence of galactomannan solution showed bands of symmetric plasmon, well defined and narrow, indicating the galactomannan as a stabilizer in the formation of NPAg. The temporal stability of the colloids was evaluated by UV-Vis analysis, and the results obtained showed that the colloids are stable. The reducing power of the extract of sunflower seeds did not change with the preheating (90 Â C) and even after lyophilization and resuspension process, but the reducing power of the extract decreased after a partition with ethyl acetate and after a dialysis process. TEM analysis showed that silver nanoparticles presents spherical shape with low polydispersity and diameter in the range of Â17 nm.
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37

Lao, Hongbai. "A study of the synthesis and properties of some long chain fatty acid esters containing azido, amino, amido and amino acid residues and the analysis of some seed oils used in Chinese medicine /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12437141.

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38

Schlur, Laurent. "Elaboration de cellules photovoltaïques hybrides solides à base d'oxyde de zinc nanostructuré." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864794.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'élaboration de cellules photovoltaïques hybrides solides sensibilisées à colorant, composées d'une couche dense de germes de ZnO recouverte de nanobâtonnets de ZnO sensibilisés par un colorant et infiltrés par du spiro-OMeTAD. La couche dense de germes de ZnO a été optimisée, afin qu'elle soit compacte, homogène et bien orientée. Les nanobâtonnets sont synthétisés par voie hydrothermale. L'influence de différents paramètres de synthèse sur la morphologie des nanobâtonnets a été testée. Deux méthodes permettant de modifier l'écart entre les nanobâtonnets ont également été mises au point. Les performances des cellules photovoltaïques varient en fonction de la longueur des nanobâtonnets, du colorant utilisé, de la durée de vieillissement des cellules à l'air, l'atmosphère, la température... Enfin, nous avons réussi à obtenir un rendement dépassant 1%, ce qui est supérieur à la meilleure performance publiée actuellement (0,25%) pour le même type de dispositif.
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39

Barrientos, José Diego Bran, and 何西. "Short-Term Conservation and Germination of Dendrobium thyrsiflorum Synthetic Seeds Using Three Different Propagules." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38219254157744772611.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業暨國際合作系
104
Dendrobium thyrsiflorum is an epiphytic and lithophytic orchid endemic to South China, India, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam that shows importance both in pot flower market and traditional Chinese medicine. However, anthropogenic impact has considerably decreased the natural habitat of Dendrobium wild species with consequent reduction in the number of orchids. Thus, preservation of Dendrobium germplasm is valuable for species conservation and the floriculture industry. The present research was conducted to study the effect of different Murashige and Skoog medium strengths with different concentrations of mannitol in the encapsulating matrix on short-term preservation of three different plant organs of Dendrobium thyrsiflorum. Callus pieces, 5 mm protocorm-like bodies (PLBs), and 1 cm plantlets of Dendrobium thyrsiflorum were used as plant materials and were encapsulated in a sodium alginate solution with incorporation of mannitol in a range of 0 – 20 % (w/v) in half- and full-strength MS medium for in vitro conservation. Encapsulated explants were sub-cultured in basal MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP to test their recovery ability after 3 months of storage. In PLB synthetic seeds study, both half- and full-strength MS medium supplemented either without or with 5% mannitol showed lower unruptured synthetic seed percentage as compared to those supplemented with higher concentrations of mannitol. Thus, these two concentrations were not suitable for storage studies. However, PLBs encapsulated in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 10% mannitol showed 67.5% unruptured synthetic seed, 25% browning, average of 0.72cm, and 0.020g/PLB after 3 months of storage with a 70% survival after cultured in recovery medium. With an increase in mannitol concentration in the matrix, PLBs encapsulated in half-strength MS medium with 15% mannitol showed higher unruptured synthetic seed (100%), but increased browning was observed (37.5%) and no survival could be achieved after recovery culture. In Callus synthetic seed study, half- or full-strength MS medium supplemented without or with 5% mannitol generally showed low unruptured synthetic seed percentages. However, addition of full-strength MS medium with 10% mannitol in the encapsulating matrix showed 70% unruptured synthetic seed, 42.5% browning, average of 0.36cm, and 0.01g/single callus after 3 months of storage culture with 81.25 survival percentage after 3 months of recovery culture. Regardless the medium strength, addition of 15% mannitol in the matrix generally showed higher unruptured callus synthetic seed percentage but also higher browning percentage and low survival percentage after recovery culture. In plantlet synthetic seed study, incorporation of half- or full-strength MS medium without or with 5% mannitol showed low unruptured synthetic seed after 3 months of storage. Synthetic seed in either half- or full-strength MS medium with 10, or 15% mannitol in the matrix showed 100% unruptured synthetic seed. However, plantlets encapsulated in full-strength MS medium generally showed significantly increased browning percentages as compared to those encapsulated in half-strength MS medium. Plantlets encapsulated in half MS medium with 10% mannitol showed the best responses, in which 50% of unruptured synthetic seed, zero browning percent, and average 1.31cm plantlet height were observed after 3 months of storage culture. Although only 22.22% survival after 3 weeks of recovery culture was achieved in encapsulated plantlets, plantlets showed the best morphological characters when sown in peat moss compared to the other treatments. According to above results, the best morphological plant stage for short-term conservation by encapsulation technique is callus, where the highest unruptured synthetic seed percentage of 67.5 was achieved with a survival of 70% after 3 months of revival culture. This study presents an efficient method for the short-term conservation and regeneration of sodium alginate synthetic seeds of Dendrobium thyrsiflorum by using three different propagules.
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WANG, CHUN-SHENG, and 王俊升. "Preparation of Corn (Zea mays) Synthetic Seeds and Evaluation of Survival Rate after Low Temperature Preservation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c34mvw.

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碩士
元培醫事科技大學
生物科技暨製藥技術系碩士班
106
With the emerging technology, human life is getting convenient, however, environment damages are getting worse as well. There are many valued food crops today that have either been extinct or endanger due to environmental changes and the development of human civilization. In order to preserve important food species, the purpose of this project is to create artificial seeds from corn embryos coated with 3% Sodium Alginate and 25 mM Calcium chloride . The artificial seeds were stored in PVS2 (Plant Vitrification Solution 2) that was composed of 30% glycerol、15% DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)、15% ethylene glycol, and various amount of sucrose to final 0 M, 0.2 M, 0.4 M and 1.0 M of sucrose respectively. These artificial seeds stored in PVS2 were then subjected to low temperature treatment at -20 °C. After 3 weeks, the artificial seed survival rate was evaluated by tissue culture. Recovery rate was assessed through tissue culture technique to determine the protective effects of cryoprotectant against chilling injury on artificial corn seeds. Artificial corn seeds can be recovered successfully after 3 weeks under -20 ºC storage. The results of this study can provide information for future artificial corn seed production and serve as a reference for cryo-preservation.
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41

"Roles of OsCCD1 in carotenoid catabolism in rice seeds." 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894726.

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Sze, Wing Ho Angel.
"December 2010."
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-112).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Thesis committee --- p.i
Statement --- p.ii
Acknowledgements --- p.iii
Abstract --- p.iv
摘要 --- p.vi
Table of Contents --- p.viii
List of Tables --- p.xii
List of Figures --- p.xiii
List of Abbreviations --- p.xv
Chapter Chapter 1. --- General Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 2. --- Literature Review
Chapter 2.1. --- Carotenoids in plants --- p.5
Chapter 2.2 --- Carotenoid biosynthesis in plants --- p.7
Chapter 2.3. --- Carotenoids in animals --- p.11
Chapter 2.4. --- Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) --- p.13
Chapter 2.5. --- Recommended requirement of vitamin A --- p.15
Chapter 2.6. --- Bioavailability and bioconversion of dietary carotenoids --- p.17
Chapter 2.7. --- Efforts to improve carotenoid contents in food crops --- p.19
Chapter 2.8. --- Carotenoid catabolism --- p.20
Chapter 2.9. --- Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) --- p.21
Chapter 2.10. --- Carotenoid-derived phytohormones --- p.24
Chapter 2.11. --- "CCD and carotenoid-derived colors, aromas and flavors" --- p.27
Chapter Chapter 3. --- Hypothesis and Objectives --- p.35
Chapter Chapter 4. --- Materials and methods
Chapter 4.1. --- General cloning and sequencing --- p.36
Chapter 4.2. --- Extraction of RNA and DNase treatment --- p.36
Chapter 4.3. --- Reverse transcription --- p.37
Chapter 4.4. --- Real-time quantitative RT-PCR --- p.39
Chapter 4.5. --- Cloning of OsCCD1 cDNA --- p.40
Chapter 4.6. --- Bacterial in vivo assay of OsCCD 1 activity --- p.41
Chapter 4.7. --- Construction of OsCCD1 RNAi constructs --- p.42
Chapter 4.8. --- "Construction of ""Super-Golden"" rice constructs" --- p.46
Chapter 4.8.1. --- "Construction of ""GluC-Y1-Nos"" cassette" --- p.46
Chapter 4.8.2. --- "Construction of ""Gt1-TCN"" cassette" --- p.46
Chapter 4.8.3. --- "Construction of""pGT-PCC""" --- p.47
Chapter 4.8.4. --- "Construction of ""pGYGC""" --- p.47
Chapter 4.9. --- Rice transformation --- p.54
Chapter 4.10. --- Detection of transgene --- p.57
Chapter 4.10.1. --- Southern blot --- p.57
Chapter 4.10.2. --- HPLC analysis of carotenoids in seeds --- p.59
Chapter Chapter 5. --- Results
Chapter 5.1. --- Expression profiles of carotenogenic genes in rice endosperms --- p.62
Chapter 5.2. --- Expression of CCDs in developing rice seeds --- p.64
Chapter 5.3. --- Features of OsCCD1 --- p.68
Chapter 5.4. --- Characterization of OsCCD1-knock down transgenic rice --- p.72
Chapter 5.5. --- "Construction of ""Super-Golden"" rice" --- p.78
Chapter 5.6. --- Phenotypic characterization of PCC transgenic rice --- p.79
Chapter 5.7. --- HPLC analysis on seed carotenoid content --- p.80
Chapter Chapter 6. --- Discussion --- p.82
Chapter Chapter 7. --- Conclusion --- p.89
References --- p.90
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42

"Proteomic study on the developing high-lysine rice seeds." 2007. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893200.

Full text
Abstract:
Leung, Hoi Ching.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-128).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
THESIS/ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE --- p.i
STATEMENT FROM AUTHOR --- p.ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii
ABSTRACT --- p.v
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.xi
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xvi
LIST OF TABLES --- p.xviii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xix
Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4
Chapter 2.1 --- Nutritional quality of rice --- p.4
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Classification of seed proteins --- p.4
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Amino acid composition of rice proteins --- p.5
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Other nutritional components of rice --- p.6
Chapter 2.2 --- Rice seed storage proteins --- p.7
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Properties and classification of seed storage proteins --- p.7
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Composition and stucture --- p.9
Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Glutelin --- p.9
Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Prolamin --- p.10
Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Albumin and globulin --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.3 --- "Synthsis, assembly and deposition of rice seed storage proteins" --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Storage protein folding and assembly in the ER --- p.14
Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Storage protein transport and protein body formation --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Protein bodies and their distribution in endosperm --- p.18
Chapter 2.3 --- Transgenic approaches to improve the nutritional quality of rice seed proteins --- p.19
Chapter 2.3.1 --- General introduction --- p.19
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Attempts to improve the nutritional quality of seed proteins --- p.20
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Rice grain quality improvement by genetic engineering --- p.22
Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Increase in the lysine content of rice endosperm --- p.22
Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Other examples of rice nutritional quality improvement --- p.25
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Expression of recombinant protein in transgenic plants --- p.26
Chapter 2.3.5 --- Effects of recombinant proteins on the high-lysine rice --- p.27
Chapter 2.4 --- Proteomics --- p.28
Chapter 2.4.1 --- General overview --- p.28
Chapter 2.4.1.1 --- Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for proteome analysis --- p.29
Chapter 2.4.1.2 --- Protein visualization --- p.32
Chapter 2.4.1.3 --- Computer-aided image analysis --- p.34
Chapter 2.4.1.4 --- Mass spectrometry-based methods for protein identification --- p.35
Chapter 2.4.1.5 --- Database search --- p.36
Chapter 2.4.1.6 --- Protein sequence database --- p.37
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Plant proteomics --- p.40
Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Rice proteomics --- p.41
Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Comparative proteomics --- p.43
Chapter 2.5 --- Hypothesis and objectives --- p.45
Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.47
Chapter 3.1 --- Materials --- p.47
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Chemicals and commercial kits --- p.47
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Instruments --- p.47
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Softwares --- p.48
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Plant materials --- p.48
Chapter 3.2 --- Methods --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Collection of developing rice seeds --- p.49
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Extraction of rice seed proteins --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Extraction of total protein --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Extraction of four fractions of rice seed proteins --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.3 --- 2D gel electrophoresis --- p.53
Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Protein precipitation and quantification --- p.53
Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Isoelectric focusing (IEF) --- p.54
Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- IPG strips equilibration --- p.54
Chapter 3.2.3.4 --- Second-dimension SDS-PAGE --- p.55
Chapter 3.2.3.5 --- Silver staining of 2D gel --- p.55
Chapter 3.2.3.6 --- Image and data analysis --- p.56
Chapter 3.2.4 --- MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight) --- p.56
Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Sample destaining --- p.56
Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- In-gel digestion with trypsin --- p.57
Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Desalination of the digested sample with Zip Tip --- p.58
Chapter 3.2.4.4 --- Protein identification by mass spectrometry and database searching --- p.58
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Detection of LRP fusion protein in 2D PAGE --- p.59
Chapter 3.2.5.1 --- 2D gel electrophoresis --- p.59
Chapter 3.2.5.2 --- Western blotting using anti-LRP antibody --- p.60
Chapter 3.2.6 --- Antiserum production --- p.61
Chapter 3.2.6.1 --- Purification of glutelin and prolamin proteins --- p.61
Chapter 3.2.6.2 --- Immunization of rabbits and mice --- p.62
Chapter 3.2.6.3 --- Testing of antibody specificity --- p.62
Chapter 3.2.7 --- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) --- p.63
Chapter 3.2.7.1 --- Sample fixation and section preparation --- p.63
Chapter 3.2.7.2 --- TEM observation --- p.64
Chapter 3.2.7.3 --- Immunocytochemical observation --- p.64
Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- RESULTS --- p.66
Chapter 4.1 --- Proteomic analysis of high-lysine rice --- p.66
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Extraction of proteins --- p.66
Chapter 4.1.2 --- The proteomic profiles of different storage proteins in developing high-lysine rice seeds --- p.67
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Quantitative analysis of protein spots --- p.76
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Proteomic analysis of salt-soluble proteins --- p.79
Chapter 4.1.5 --- Proteomic analysis of alcohol-soluble proteins --- p.81
Chapter 4.1.6 --- Proteomic analysis of salt-soluble proteins --- p.82
Chapter 4.1.7 --- Proteomic analysis of water-soluble proteins --- p.89
Chapter 4.1.8 --- Comparison of changes in expression patterns of specific proteins in the high lysine rice --- p.89
Chapter 4.2 --- Antibody production --- p.92
Chapter 4.2.1 --- The production of anti-prolamin and anti-glutelin antibodies --- p.92
Chapter 4.2.2 --- The specificity of anti-prolamin and anti-glutelin antibodies --- p.93
Chapter 4.3 --- Transmission electron microscopy observation of rice protein bodies --- p.95
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Morphology of protein bodies in high-lysine rice --- p.95
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Subcellular localization of storage proteins and LRP --- p.98
Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- DISCUSSION --- p.100
Chapter 5.1 --- Protein profiling of LRP fusion protein and its effects on the expression of other proteins --- p.100
Chapter 5.2 --- Over-expression of glutelin and its effects on the expression of other proteins --- p.102
Chapter 5.3 --- Formation of malformed protein bodies and deposition of storage proteins --- p.103
Chapter 5.4 --- Relationship between changes in protein expression and the Unfolded Protein Response --- p.105
Chapter 5.5 --- Effects of transgenes on rice grain quality --- p.108
Chapter 5.6 --- Allergenic effects of transgenic rice --- p.109
Chapter 5.7 --- Future perspectives --- p.110
Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.112
REFERENCES --- p.114
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43

Uhrig, Richard Glen. "Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase interactome of developing castor oil seeds." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/969.

Full text
Abstract:
Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) followed by proteomic analysis was employed to examine the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) interactome of developing castor oil seed (COS) endosperm. Earlier studies suggested that immunologically unrelated 107-kDa plant-type and 118-kDa bacterial-type PEPCs (p107/PTPC and p118/BTPC, respectively) are subunits of an unusual ~910-kDa hetero-octameric Class-2 PEPC complex of developing COS. The current results confirm that a tight physical interaction occurs between p118 and p107 since p118 quantitatively co-IP’d with p107 following elution of COS extracts through an anti-p107-IgG immunoaffinity column. No PEPC activity or immunoreactive PTPC or BTPC polypeptides were detected in the corresponding flow-through fractions. Although BTPCs lack the N-terminal phosphorylation site characteristic of PTPCs, Pro-Q Diamond Phosphoprotein staining, immunoblotting with phospho-(Ser/Thr) Akt substrate IgG, and phosphate-affinity PAGE demonstrated that the co-IP’d p118 was significantly phosphorylated at unique Ser and/or Thr residue(s). The co-IP of p118 and p107 was not influenced by their phosphorylation status. As p118 phosphorylation appeared unchanged 48 h following elimination of photosynthate supply due to COS depodding, the signaling mechanisms responsible for photosynthate-dependent p107 phosphorylation differ from those controlling p118’s in vivo phosphorylation. A third PEPC polypeptide of ~110-kDa (p110; RcPPC1) co-IP’d with p118 and p107 when depodded COS was used. Analysis of RcPpc1’s full-length cDNA sequence revealed p110’s identity with PTPCs, but that a pair of unique amino-acid substitutions occurs in its N-terminal sequence that may render p110 non-phosphorylatable in vivo. The plastidial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDCpl) was identified as a novel PEPC interactor. Subcellular fractionation indicated that p118 and p107 are strictly cytosolic, but that PDCpl is targeted to both the cytosol and leucoplast of developing COS. Thus, a putative cytosolic metabolon involving PEPC and PDCpl could function to channel carbon from phosphoenolpyruvate to acetyl-CoA and/or to recycle CO2 from PDCpl to PEPC.
Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2007-09-26 15:57:52.216
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44

"Proteomic study on the starch synthesis and regulation in developing hybrid rice seeds." 2006. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892918.

Full text
Abstract:
Long Xiaohang.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-155).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Thesis/Assessment Committee --- p.I
Statement from Author --- p.II
Acknowledgements --- p.III
Abstract --- p.V
摘要 --- p.VII
Table of Contents --- p.IX
List of Tables --- p.XV
List of Figures --- p.XVI
List of Abbreviations --- p.XVIII
Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction and Literature Review --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- General introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Literature review --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Rice --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.1.1 --- Classification of rice --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.1.2 --- Rice grain quality --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Overview of current information on the starch biosynthesis and regulation during seed development --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- Starch property --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.2.1.1 --- Structure of rice starch granules --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.2.1.2 --- Properties of rice starch --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- Starch synthesis related proteins --- p.8
Chapter 1.2.2.2.1 --- The formation of ADP-glucose through AGPase --- p.10
Chapter 1.2.2.2.2 --- The synthesis of starch by starch synthases --- p.10
Chapter 1.2.2.2.2.1 --- Amylose biosynthesis --- p.10
Chapter 1.2.2.2.2.2 --- Amylopectin biosynthesis --- p.11
Chapter 1.2.2.2.3 --- Branching of the glucan chain by starch branching enzymes --- p.12
Chapter 1.2.2.2.4 --- The role of debranching enzymes in polymer synthesis --- p.13
Chapter 1.2.2.2.5 --- Starch degradation in plastids --- p.13
Chapter 1.2.2.2.6 --- Other enzymes involved in starch synthesis pathway --- p.13
Chapter 1.2.2.3 --- Starch biosynthesis regulation --- p.14
Chapter 1.2.2.3.1 --- Developmental regulation --- p.14
Chapter 1.2.2.3.2. --- Diurnal regulation --- p.15
Chapter 1.2.2.3.3 --- 3-PGA/Pi regulation --- p.16
Chapter 1.2.2.3.4. --- Sugar signaling --- p.17
Chapter 1.2.2.3.5. --- Hormonal signaling --- p.18
Chapter 1.2.2.3.6 --- Post translational modification regulation --- p.18
Chapter 1.2.2.3.6.1 --- Post translational redox modulation --- p.18
Chapter 1.2.2.3.6.2 --- Protein phosphorylation --- p.19
Chapter 1.2.2.4 --- Rice grain quality improvement by genetic engineering --- p.20
Chapter 1.2.2.4.1 --- Cooking and eating quality improvement --- p.20
Chapter 1.2.2.4.1.1 --- Manipulation of starch content --- p.20
Chapter 1.2.2.4.1.2 --- Manipulation of amylose/ amylopectin ratio --- p.20
Chapter 1.2.2.4.2 --- Other targets for manipulating starch quality and quantity --- p.21
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Proteomics --- p.23
Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- General introduction --- p.23
Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Current technologies of proteomics --- p.25
Chapter 1.2.3.2.1 --- Protein separation by 2D or non-2D method --- p.25
Chapter 1.2.3.2.2 --- Protein visualization --- p.26
Chapter 1.2.3.2.3 --- Computer-assisted image analysis --- p.27
Chapter 1.2.3.2.4 --- Protein identification by mass spectrometry --- p.28
Chapter 1.2.3.2.5 --- Database search --- p.28
Chapter 1.2.3.2.5.1 --- Database searching software --- p.29
Chapter 1.2.3.2.5.2 --- Protein sequence database --- p.29
Chapter 1.2.3.2.5.3 --- Evaluating database hits --- p.30
Chapter 1.2.3.2.6 --- Bioinformatics involved in proteomics --- p.31
Chapter 1.2.3.2.7 --- Post translational modification --- p.32
Chapter 1.2.3.2.7.1 --- Glycosylation --- p.32
Chapter 1.2.3.2.7.1.1 --- N-linked glycosylation --- p.33
Chapter 1.2.3.2.7.1.2 --- O-linked glycosylation --- p.33
Chapter 1.2.3.2.7.2 --- Phosphorylation --- p.33
Chapter 1.2.3.2.7.3 --- Strategies for studying PTMs --- p.34
Chapter 1.2.3.2.8 --- Other aspects of proteomics --- p.36
Chapter 1.2.3.2.8.1 --- 2D DIGE --- p.36
Chapter 1.2.3.2.8.2 --- LC/LC-MS/MS --- p.36
Chapter 1.2.3.2.8.2.1 --- MudPIT --- p.36
Chapter 1.2.3.2.8.2.2 --- ICAT --- p.37
Chapter 1.2.3.3 --- Plant proteomics --- p.37
Chapter 1.2.3.3.1 --- Proteome analysis of plant tissues and organs --- p.38
Chapter 1.2.3.3.2 --- Plant organelle proteomics --- p.39
Chapter 1.2.3.3.3 --- Post translational modifications in plant --- p.41
Chapter 1.2.3.4 --- Recent progress in rice proteomics --- p.42
Chapter 1.2.3.4.1 --- General introduction of rice proteomics --- p.42
Chapter 1.2.3.4.2 --- Rice proteome database construction --- p.43
Chapter 1.2.3.4.3 --- Comparative proteomics --- p.43
Chapter 1.2.3.4.4 --- Post translational modification study of rice proteome --- p.44
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and methods --- p.45
Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.45
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Plant materials --- p.45
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Chemical reagents and commercial kits --- p.46
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Instruments --- p.46
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Software --- p.46
Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.47
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Fractionation of amyloplast and amyloplast membrane proteins --- p.47
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Marker enzyme assays --- p.47
Chapter 2.2.3 --- 2D gel electrophoresis --- p.48
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Silver staining of 2D gel --- p.49
Chapter 2.2.5 --- In-gel digestion of protein spots --- p.49
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Desalination of the digested sample with ZipTip --- p.49
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Protein identification by mass spectrometry and database searching --- p.50
Chapter 2.2.8 --- Image and data analysis --- p.50
Chapter 2.2.9 --- Extraction of starch granule associated proteins --- p.51
Chapter 2.2.10 --- Western blot analysis --- p.51
Chapter 2.2.11 --- Sample preparation for N terminal sequencing --- p.51
Chapter 2.2.12 --- Phosphorylation and glycosylation assays --- p.52
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.53
Chapter 3.1 --- Protein identification by ID and 2D PAGE --- p.53
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Isolation and purification of amyloplasts from rice seeds --- p.53
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Identification of amyloplast and amyloplast membrane proteins by MS/MS --- p.54
Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.54
Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- 2D and ID gel electrophoresis --- p.55
Chapter 3.1.2.3 --- Protein identification by MS and MS/MS --- p.56
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Functional classification of identified proteins --- p.69
Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Metabolism proteins --- p.71
Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- Non starch synthesis metabolism proteins --- p.73
Chapter 3.1.3.3 --- Protein destination --- p.73
Chapter 3.1.3.4 --- Proteins with other functions --- p.74
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Cross-correlation of experimental and calculated Mw of proteins --- p.74
Chapter 3.1.5 --- Granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) --- p.75
Chapter 3.1.5 --- N-terminal sequencing --- p.77
Chapter 3.2 --- Protein profiling --- p.80
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Seed collection and stages chosen --- p.80
Chapter 3.2.2 --- The proteomic profiles of rice amyloplasts at different developing stages --- p.81
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Comparing the proteome of three rice lines --- p.85
Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Spot number analysis --- p.85
Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Functional distribution analysis --- p.86
Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Protein amount analysis --- p.87
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Comparison of expression pattern: cluster analysis (SOM) --- p.88
Chapter 3.2.5.1 --- Cluster analysis of rice amyloplast proteome --- p.88
Chapter 3.2.5.2 --- Three major categories of rice amyloplast proteome expression patterns --- p.91
Chapter 3.2.6 --- Scatter plots analysis --- p.94
Chapter 3.2.7 --- Comparison of changes in proteins related to starch synthesis --- p.96
Chapter 3.2.7.1 --- GBSS --- p.96
Chapter 3.2.7.2 --- AGPase --- p.98
Chapter 3.2.7.3 --- SSS --- p.98
Chapter 3.2.7.4 --- SBE --- p.98
Chapter 3.2.7.5 --- SP --- p.98
Chapter 3.3 --- Study on protein post translational modifications --- p.102
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Post translational modifications that potentially regulate starch synthesis --- p.102
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Post translational modifications at different developing stages --- p.104
Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Profiling of post translational modifications of rice amyloplast proteome --- p.104
Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Starch synthesis related proteins --- p.106
Chapter 3.3.2.2.1 --- GBSS --- p.106
Chapter 3.3.2.2.2 --- SSS --- p.108
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.111
Chapter 4.1 --- Methodology --- p.111
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Amyloplast isolation --- p.111
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Protein extraction from amyloplasts --- p.111
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Protein identification by PMF and MS/MS --- p.112
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Methods used to study protein expression patterns --- p.113
Chapter 4.1.5 --- New methods introduced to study post translational modifications --- p.114
Chapter 4.2 --- Characteristics of rice amyloplast proteins --- p.115
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Amyloplast proteins associated with starch granules --- p.116
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Most proteins in amyloplast proteome contain the transit peptide --- p.116
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Multiple isoforms of starch synthesis related proteins --- p.117
Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- Multiple spots of GBSS --- p.118
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Expression patterns of amyloplast proteome --- p.120
Chapter 4.2.5 --- Post translational modifications potentially regulate starch synthesis --- p.122
Chapter 4.3 --- Other characteristic aspects of amyloplast proteome --- p.123
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Comparison between the rice and wheat amyloplast proteomes --- p.123
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Proteomic comparisons among the three rice lines --- p.124
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Comparison of starch synthesis enzymes at protein and transcript levels --- p.124
Chapter 4.3.4 --- Comparison of the starch synthesis related proteins among the three rice lines --- p.126
Chapter 4.4 --- Limitations of proteomic approach in directly answering the question on how to improve eating and cooling quality --- p.126
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.128
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Future perspectives --- p.130
References --- p.132
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45

紀傑元. "Growth and characterizations of one-dimensional gold nanorods using seeds-mediated synthesis." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64143008717376489856.

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46

"The effects of transgene on the grain quality of rice seed." 2008. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893604.

Full text
Abstract:
Yu, Chun Wai.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-124).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii
ABSTRACT --- p.iv
LIST OF CONTENTS --- p.ix
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xvi
LIST OF TABLES --- p.xx
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xxi
Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.20
Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.22
Chapter 2.1 --- Major storage proteins in rice --- p.22
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Structure and composition of glutelin --- p.22
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Structure and composition of prolamin --- p.22
Chapter 2.2 --- Biosynthesis pathway --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.1 --- "The Biosynthesis, processing & compartmentalization of glutelin" --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Endoplasmic reticulum as the site of protein folding and compartmentalization --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- COP-coated vesicles for protien trafficking between ER and Golgi --- p.25
Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Glutelin trafficking beyond ER --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.1.3.1 --- Golgi as the site of post-translational modification of glutelin
Chapter 2.2.1.3.1.1 --- """Sorting for entry"" and ""sorting by retention"" models: mechanism of dense vesicle formation" --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.1.3.1.2 --- "“Classical ligand-receptor"" and ""aggregation-mediated"" as the model describing protein sorting in Golgi" --- p.27
Chapter 2.2.1.3.2 --- Pathway bypassing Golgi apparatus --- p.30
Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Prevacuolar compartment and protein body --- p.30
Chapter 2.2.2 --- "The Biosynthesis, processing and compartmentalization of prolamin" --- p.31
Chapter 2.3 --- Protein processing enzymes --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Luminal chaperone binding protein (BiP) --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) --- p.33
Chapter 2.4 --- ER quality control: unfolded protein response --- p.34
Chapter 2.4.1 --- The importance of quality control in ER --- p.34
Chapter 2.4.2 --- The target of ER quality control: misfolded protein --- p.35
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Unfolded protein response --- p.36
Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- IRE1 --- p.37
Chapter 2.4.3.2 --- PERK --- p.37
Chapter 2.4.3.3 --- ATF6 --- p.38
Chapter 2.4.3.4 --- BiP as the master regulator of three transducers --- p.38
Chapter 2.5 --- The cause of chalkiness --- p.41
Chapter 2.5.1 --- "The relationship between ER stress, unfolded protein response and chalkiness" --- p.42
Chapter 2.6 --- Organelle separation: sucrose density gradient centrifugation --- p.43
Chapter 2.6.1 --- General introduction --- p.43
Chapter 2.6.2 --- Plant organelle separation --- p.43
Chapter 2.6.3 --- Organelle marker enzyme as a mean to elucidate the homogeneity of isolated organelle fraction --- p.44
Chapter 2.7 --- Rice grain quality improvement by genetic engineering --- p.45
Chapter 2.7.1 --- Increase in lysine content of rice endosperm --- p.45
Chapter 2.7.2 --- Physiological and phenotypic changes in GT and LRP-fusion lines --- p.46
Chapter 2.8 --- Hypotheses and objectives --- p.48
Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.49
Chapter 3.1 --- Materials --- p.49
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Chemicals and commercial kits --- p.49
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Instruments --- p.49
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Plant materials --- p.49
Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Glutelin-enriched line (GT) --- p.50
Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- Gtl-LRP-fusion line (LRP fusion) --- p.50
Chapter 3.2 --- RNA extraction and northern-blot analysis --- p.50
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Seed harvesting and RNA extraction --- p.50
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Northern-blot analysis --- p.51
Chapter 3.3 --- SDS-PAGE and western-blot analysis --- p.52
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Seed harvesting and protein extraction --- p.52
Chapter 3.3.2 --- SDS-PAGE and western-blot analysis s --- p.52
Chapter 3.4 --- Purification of cellular organelles by SDG centrifugation --- p.53
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Purification of ER by SDG centrifugation --- p.53
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Purification of protein body by SDG centrifugation --- p.54
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Protein body isolation by pepsin treatment --- p.54
Chapter 3.5 --- Electron-microscopic observation --- p.55
Chapter 3.5.1 --- Sample preparation for immuno-localization analysis --- p.55
Chapter 3.5.1.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.55
Chapter 3.5.1.2 --- Immunocytochemical observation --- p.55
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Sample preparation for structural analysis --- p.56
Chapter 3.6 --- Antibodies --- p.56
Chapter 3.6.1 --- KLH conjugation of synthetic peptide --- p.57
Chapter 3.6.2 --- Immunization of rabbits --- p.57
Chapter 3.6.3 --- Antibody purification by affinity column --- p.57
Chapter 3.6.3.1 --- Preparation of column for coupling --- p.57
Chapter 3.6.3.2 --- Affinity purification of antibody by prepared column --- p.58
Chapter 3.6.4 --- Testing of antibody specificity --- p.58
Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- RESULTS --- p.60
Chapter 4.1 --- Pro-glutelin accumulation in GT and LRP fusion transgenic lines --- p.60
Chapter 4.2 --- General morphology and glutelin localization in rice seed --- p.61
Chapter 4.3 --- "Studies on glutelin, BiP and pdi expression profiles of GT, LRP fusion lines and wild type rice" --- p.63
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Comparison of the protein and RNA profiles of BiP between wild type and FH transgenic rice lines --- p.64
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Comparison of the protein and RNA profiles of PDI between wild type and FH transgenic rice lines --- p.66
Chapter 4.3.3 --- "Comparison of the RNA and protein profiles of BiP between wild type, GH and GL transgenic rice lines" --- p.68
Chapter 4.3.4 --- "Comparison of the RNA and protein expression profiles of PDI between wild type, GH and GL transgenic lines" --- p.70
Chapter 4.3.5 --- Summary of RNA and protein level comparison of different transgenic lines with wild type --- p.72
Chapter 4.4 --- Electron microscopic studies of morphological changes in GLUTELIN OVER-EXPRESSED AND GT1-LRP-FUSION TRANSGENIC LINES AND WILD type rice --- p.73
Chapter 4.5 --- Isolation of ER-enriched fractions by sucrose density gradient centrifugation --- p.76
Chapter 4.5.1 --- Cross-contamination assessment by organelle specific marker proteins --- p.77
Chapter 4.5.2 --- Identification of ER enriched fractions of different transgenic lines --- p.78
Chapter 4.5.3 --- Studies on ER enriched fraction --- p.85
Chapter 4.6 --- Isolation and studies on PB enriched fractions of different transgenic lines --- p.91
Chapter 4.7 --- TEM studies on immuno-localization of ER chaperones (BlP and pdI) in immature rice seeds of different transgenic lines --- p.94
Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- DISCUSSIONS --- p.101
Chapter 5.1 --- Distortion of glutelin processing and translocation pathway --- p.101
Chapter 5.1.1 --- The relationship between proglutelin localization and novel protein body in Gt1-LRP-fusion lines --- p.101
Chapter 5.1.2 --- The presence of BiP and PDI in novel protein body in Gt1-LR-fusion lines --- p.103
Chapter 5.1.2.1 --- Glutelin translocation pathway bypassing Golgi --- p.105
Chapter 5.1.2.2 --- Glutelin translocation pathway through Golgi --- p.105
Chapter 5.1.2.3 --- Gt1-LRP-fusion protein and proglutelin are trapped in ER --- p.107
Chapter 5.2 --- "The relationship between novel protein body formation, ER stress, unfolded protein response and chalkiness" --- p.108
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Relationship between novel protein body formation and unfolded protein response --- p.108
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Repressing the expression of other storage proteins: consequence of unfold protein response or protein nutrients regulation --- p.109
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Relationship between novel protein body formation and chalkiness --- p.110
Chapter 5.3 --- The causes of ER dilation --- p.110
Chapter 5.4 --- The relationship between different physiological changes in transgenic glutelin lines --- p.111
Chapter 5.5 --- Future perspectives --- p.112
Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.114
REFERENCES --- p.115
APPENDIX --- p.125
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47

Sanyal, Anushree. "Genetic analyses of adaptive evolution in seed oil composition in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana : a quantitative genetic approach." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-08-1650.

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Abstract:
Natural variation in the relative proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in seed oils of plants is enormous when considered across a broad taxonomic range of oil seeds. It has been shown that this variation follows a latitudinal cline where the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids increases with increasing latitude as the unsaturated fatty acids in seeds provide energy at a faster rate to germinating seeds at higher latitudes. This variation which follows a latitudinal cline suggests that there may be an adaptive role for this variation. We tested this hypothesis in Arabidopsis thaliana which followed the same trend seen in Helianthus and other angiosperms. In order to understand the underlying genetics of the regulation of the relative proportions of fatty acids and their role in plant evolution, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes. Here we identified 67 major QTLs responsible for fatty acid synthesis in A. thaliana in Ler-0 x Sha, Ler-0 x Col-4, Ler-2 x Cvi and Ler-0 x No-0 RIL populations. Eight candidate genes were identified based on what is known about seed oil biosynthesis in A. thaliana. Six of the candidate genes collocated to most of the major QTLs. In order to demonstrate that a particular allelic variant is indeed causally related to the phenotype, we investigated DNA polymorphisms in the parental and the RIL line alleles of the collocating candidate genes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the collocating candidate genes to study the correlation between the sequence variants and the particular phenotype. We identified 232 SNPs with 77 in the putative regulatory regions upstream of the 5’UTR, 61 in the introns, 18 in the 5’UTR regions, 2 in the 3’UTR regions, and 45 occurring in the exons with 10 non-synonymous substitutions affecting the amino acid residues. We also detected 44 insertions/deletions in the coding, non-coding, 5’UTR, 3’UTR and the regulatory regions. Sequence variation in the fatty acid genes due to SNPs and insertions/deletions should be valuable in tests of association to investigate how the relative proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are regulated in wild plants and what role they have played in plant evolution and also in breeding oil seed crops that are healthier or have two types of fatty acids in proportions appropriate for different uses.
text
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48

"The possible roles of soybean ASN genes in seed protein contents." 2006. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893099.

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Abstract:
Wan Tai Fung.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-111).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Thesis committee --- p.i
Statement --- p.ii
Abstract --- p.iii
Chinese Abstract --- p.v
Acknowledgements --- p.vii
General Abbreviations --- p.ix
Abbreviations of Chemicals --- p.xi
Table of Contents --- p.xii
List of Figures --- p.xvi
List of Tables --- p.xvi
Chapter 1 --- Literature Review --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Soybeans --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Nutrient composition of soybean --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Nitrogen fixation and assimilation in soybean --- p.3
Chapter 1.1.3 --- The role in nitrogen allocation and controlling the nitrogen sink-source relationship of asparagine --- p.3
Chapter 1.1.4 --- Characterization of asparagine synthetase --- p.8
Chapter 1.1.4.1 --- Biochemistry and molecular background of plant asparagine synthetase --- p.8
Chapter 1.1.4.2 --- Asparagine synthetase in Arabadopsis thaliana --- p.9
Chapter 1.1.4.3 --- "Asparagine synthesis in soybean, Glycine max" --- p.10
Chapter 1.1.4.4 --- "Asparagine synthetase in rice, Oryza sativa" --- p.11
Chapter 1.2 --- Seed protein quality and quantity improvement --- p.13
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Nutrition composition of rice --- p.13
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Molecular approaches for improving seed storage protein quality --- p.14
Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- Protein sequence modification --- p.14
Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- Synthetic genes --- p.16
Chapter 1.2.2.3 --- Overexpression of homologous genes --- p.17
Chapter 1.2.2.4 --- Transfer and expression of heterologous genes --- p.18
Chapter 1.2.2.5 --- "Manipulation of pathway synthesizing essential amino acids, aspartate family amino acid" --- p.19
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Research in improving rice seed protein quality and quantity --- p.22
Chapter 1.3 --- Hypothesis and objective of this study --- p.23
Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.25
Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.25
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Plant materials --- p.25
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Bacterial strains and vectors --- p.26
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Growth conditions for soybean --- p.26
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Chemicals and reagents --- p.26
Chapter 2.1.5 --- "Buffer, solution and gel" --- p.26
Chapter 2.1.6 --- Commercial kits --- p.27
Chapter 2.1.7 --- Equipments and facilities used --- p.27
Chapter 2.1.8 --- Primers --- p.27
Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.28
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Growth condition for plant materials --- p.28
Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- General conditions for planting soybean --- p.28
Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Soybean seedlings for gene expression profile analysis --- p.28
Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Mature soybean for gene expression profile analysis --- p.29
Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Mature soybean for cloning of AS I and AS2 full length cDNA --- p.30
Chapter 2.2.1.5 --- Mature soybean seed for amino acid profile analysis --- p.30
Chapter 2.2.1.6 --- General conditions for planting transgenic rice in CUHK --- p.30
Chapter 2.2.1.7 --- Transgenic rice seedling for PCR screening --- p.31
Chapter 2.2.1.8 --- Transgenic rice for functional test and seed for biochemical analysis --- p.31
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Molecular techniques --- p.32
Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Total RNA extraction --- p.32
Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Denaturing gel electrophoresis for RNA --- p.33
Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Northern blot analysis --- p.33
Chapter 2.2.2.3.1 --- Chemiluminescent detection --- p.33
Chapter 2.2.2.3.2 --- Film development --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Preparation of single-stranded DIG-labeled PCR probes --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.2.4.1 --- Primer design for the PCR probes of --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.2.4.2 --- Amplification of AS1 and AS2 internal PCR fragments --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.2.4.3 --- Quantitation of purified AS1 and AS2 PCR fragments --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.2.4.4 --- Biased PCR to make single-stranded DNA probes --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.2.4.5 --- Probe quantitation --- p.36
Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Probe specificity test --- p.37
Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Cloning of full length cDNA --- p.37
Chapter 2.2.2.6.1 --- First strand cDNA synthesis from RNA of high protein content soybean leaf --- p.37
Chapter 2.2.2.6.2 --- PCR for amplification of AS1 and AS2 full length cDNA --- p.38
Chapter 2.2.2.6.3 --- Preparation of pBluescript II KS(+) T-vector for cloning --- p.38
Chapter 2.2.2.6.4 --- Ligation of DNA inserts into pBluescript II KS(+) T-vector --- p.39
Chapter 2.2.2.6.5 --- Preparation of E. coli DH5α CaCl2-mediaed competent cells --- p.39
Chapter 2.2.2.6.6 --- Transformation of E. coli DH5α competent cell --- p.40
Chapter 2.2.2.7 --- Screening of recombinant plasmids --- p.40
Chapter 2.2.2.7.1 --- Isolation of recombinant plasimid DNA from bacterial cells --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.2.7.2 --- PCR screening on recombinant plasmids --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.2.7.3 --- DNA gel electrophoresis --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.2.8 --- Sequencing and homology search --- p.42
Chapter 2.2.2.9 --- Functional test using transgenic plant --- p.43
Chapter 2.2.2.9.1 --- Preparation of chimeric gene constructs and recombinant plasmids --- p.43
Chapter 2.2.2.9.2 --- Agrobacterium mediated transformation into rice calli to regenerate transgenic AS1/ AS2 rice --- p.44
Chapter 2.2.2.10 --- PCR Screenig of homozygous and heterozygous transgenic plants --- p.44
Chapter 2.2.2.10.1 --- Isolation of genomic DNA from transgenic plants --- p.45
Chapter 2.2.2.10.2 --- PCR screening using genomic DNA --- p.46
Chapter 2.2.2.11 --- Quantitative PCR analysis on transgenic plants --- p.48
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Biochemical Analysis --- p.49
Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Quantitative amino acid analysis in mature soybean seeds --- p.49
Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Quantitative amino acid analysis in mature transgenic rice grain --- p.49
Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.50
Chapter 3.1 --- Amino acid analysis on mature soybean seeds --- p.50
Chapter 3.2 --- Expression pattern analysis of AS genes by Northern Blot analysis --- p.54
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Making of single strand digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled probe --- p.54
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Probe specificity --- p.57
Chapter 3.2.3 --- AS expression level under light/dark treatments by Northern Blot analysis --- p.58
Chapter 3.2.4 --- AS expression level in young seedlings by Northern Blot analysis --- p.62
Chapter 3.2.5 --- AS expression level in podding soybean by Northern Blot analysis --- p.64
Chapter 3.3 --- Cloning of AS genes from high protein content soybeans --- p.66
Chapter 3.3.1 --- "PCR amplification of AS1 and AS2 full length cDNA from the first-strand cDNA of high portein content cultivar soybean, YuDoul2" --- p.66
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Nucleotide sequences analysis of AS1 and AS2 full-length cDNA clones --- p.68
Chapter 3.4 --- Construction of AS1 and AS2 transgenic rice --- p.75
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Construction of AS1 and AS2 constructs --- p.75
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Transformation of chimeric gene constructs into Agrobacterium tumefaciens --- p.75
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Agrobacterium mediated transformation into Oryza sativa calli to regenerate transgenic rice --- p.76
Chapter 3.4.4 --- PCR screening of transgene from transgenic AS1 and AS2 rice --- p.76
Chapter 3.4.5 --- Quantitative PCR analysis of the transgene expression --- p.81
Chapter 3.4.6 --- Quantitative amino acid analysis in mature transgenic rice grain --- p.83
Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.89
Chapter 4.1 --- The role of asparagine and asparagine synthetase in nitrogen assimilation and sink-source relationship in soybean --- p.89
Chapter 4.2 --- Comparative study of AS between different high seed protein content crops --- p.92
Chapter 4.3 --- The attempt to find out the reason for the strong AS1 expression detected in high protein soybean cultivars --- p.92
Chapter 4.4 --- Other factors affecting seed protein contents --- p.93
Chapter 4.5 --- Rice seed quality improvement by nitrogen assimilation enhancement --- p.94
Chapter 4.6 --- Comparative study of amino acid profile and seed total protein in other transgenic rice --- p.95
Chapter 4.7 --- Possible reason of higher seed protein content in AS2 transgenic rice --- p.96
Chapter 4.8 --- Selectable marker --- p.97
Chapter 5 --- Conclusion and Prespectives --- p.99
Chapter 6 --- References --- p.102
Chapter 7 --- Appendix --- p.112
Appendix I: Major chemicals and reagents used in this research --- p.112
"Appendix II: Major buffer, solution and gel used in this research" --- p.114
Appendix III: Commercial kits used in this research --- p.117
Appendix IV: Major equipments and facilities used in this research --- p.118
Appendix V: Primer list --- p.119
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49

Huang, Chaoran. "Seed-free short time synthesis of zincosilicate zeolite VPI-8 and its catalysis of methane dehydroaromatization reaction." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/39165.

Full text
Abstract:
Master of Science
Department of Chemical Engineering
Jennifer L. Anthony
Zeolite refers to a microporous material, which is also called a molecular sieve. There are three major industrial applications of zeolites: adsorbents, ion exchangers, and catalysts; and many other minor applications including: sensors, agriculture, medicine, veterinary, hydrogen storage, fuel cells, microreactors, membrane reactors, and racemic separations. Today, zeolite is not limited to aluminosilicate. Researchers are attempting to use other species (such as B, Ga, Ge, Ti, and Zn) to replace aluminum in zeolites framework to accomplish particular applications. In 1991, the first zincosilicate zeolite was synthesized by Annen et al.. Currently, only four zincosilicate zeolites have been synthesized. Theoretically, zincosilicate should balance divalent cations better than aluminosilicate zeolites to provide a stronger acid site especially for hydrogen cracking reactions. Large pore VET type VPI-8 (Li₁.₉₁₄Zn₁.₉₁₄Si₁₅.₀₈₆O₃₄) is the most thermal stable of all the zincosilicate zeolites and has low chemicals cost, however, a high crystallinity VPI-8 required prohibitively long synthesis times or seeded synthesis procedures. In this work, a seed-free short time synthesis zincosilicate zeolite VPI-8 is presented. Methane, also known as natural gas, had become the largest abundant carbon reserve today, more than the amount of the fossil fuel including conventional gas, oil, and coal. Unlike fossil fuel, methane can be recycled from landfill. Methane could be used to produce useful and/or expensive chemicals via syngas conversion to fuel, paraffin, methanol, alcohol, and dimethoxyethane. In addition to pathways via a syngas intermediate, methane could react directly to ethylene, formaldehyde, and aromatics. Because syngas preparation and compression usually expends 60-70% of the capital cost and consumes almost all the energy of operation, more and more researchers are exploring direct methane activation. However, the high stability of methane is one of the limitations, and coking is another limitation. In this work, methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) over zincosilicate zeolite Li-VPI-8 and ion exchanged Ni/Li-VPI-8 are investigated, due to the stronger acid site in zincosilicate than aluminosilicate zeolites. This is the first time to study using zincosilicate as catalyst, capitalizing on the more efficient synthesis methods demonstrated in this work.
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50

Chen, Yao-Ju, and 陳耀儒. "Characterization of H2 Plasma Pretreatment of Seed Layer on Synthesis ZnO Nanorods." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45021913789895870130.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士
明新科技大學
化學工程與材料科技研究所
100
ZnO (Zinc Oxide) is a wide band gap (3.37eV) semiconductor with a large exciton binding energy (60meV). 1-D ZnO nano-materials with excellent optical and electrical properties can be used in nanoelectronics and optoelectronic devices. In this thesis, Well-aligned ZnO nanorods were rapidly grown on ITO glass substrate using AZO thin film as seed layer by microwave hydrothermal method. The optimal ZnO growth conditions were obtained by adjusting the seed layer H2 plasma pretreatment time and synthesis time. H2 plasma effect of the seed layer on the alignment, growth rate and crystallinity of ZnO nanorods has been studied. The prepared ZnO nanorods were annealed in various gases to enhance the optical properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was used to determine the composition and chemical bounding state. Characteristic and optical properties of ZnO nanorods synthesized on graphene/ ITO substrate were investigated. The results show that the alignment and growth rate of ZnO nanorods depends on the characteristic and roughness of the seed layer, which can be improved by H2 plasma pretreatment. The average growth rate of ZnO nanorods synthesized by microwave hydrothermal method is about 2.2 μm/hr which significantly superior to other techniques. Zn/O atomic ratios are 1.09, 0.98, and 0.96 with 20, 40, 60 min ZnO nanorods synthesis time. The oxygen contents decrease with increasing reaction time. Due to the number of oxygen vacancies increase. After N2 annealing treatment good quality ZnO nanorods were obtained. ZnO nanorods are single crystal with stacking defects and pyramid or candle shape. ZnO nanorods synthesis on graphene/ITO substrate has high electronic mobility and specific surface area while fabricated as working electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DDSCs). The conversion efficiency is 2 times than ZnO nanorods synthesis on ITO substrate. ZnO soaked in dye would decrease light absorbance that decrease the conversion efficiency of ZnO as an electrode of DSSCs.
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