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Journal articles on the topic 'Synthetic seismic modeling'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Santos, Lúcio T., Jörg Schleicher, Martin Tygel, and Peter Hubral. "Seismic modeling by demigration." GEOPHYSICS 65, no. 4 (2000): 1281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444819.

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Kirchhoff‐type, isochron‐stack demigration is the natural asymptotic inverse to classical Kirchhoff or diffraction‐stack migration. Both stacking operations can be performed in true amplitude by an appropriate selection of weight functions. Isochron‐stack demigration is closely related to seismic modeling with the Kirchhoff integral. The principal objective of this paper is to show how demigration can be used to compute synthetic seismograms. The idea is to attach to each reflector in the model an appropriately stretched (i.e., frequency‐shifted) spatial wavelet. Its amplitude is proportional

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Stemland, Helene Meling, Tor Arne Johansen, and Bent Ole Ruud. "Potential Use of Time-Lapse Surface Seismics for Monitoring Thawing of the Terrestrial Arctic." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (2020): 1875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051875.

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The terrestrial Arctic is warming rapidly, causing changes in the degree of freezing of the upper sediments, which the mechanical properties of unconsolidated sediments strongly depend upon. This study investigates the potential of using time-lapse surface seismics to monitor thawing of currently (partly) frozen ground utilizing synthetic and real seismic data. First, we construct a simple geological model having an initial temperature of −5 °C, and infer constant surface temperatures of −5 °C, +1 °C, +5 °C, and +10 °C for four years to this model. The geological models inferred by the various

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3

Syaifuddin, Firman, Andri Dian Nugraha, Zulfakriza, and Shindy Rosalia. "Synthetic Modeling of Ambient Seismic Noise Tomography Data." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 873, no. 1 (2021): 012096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/873/1/012096.

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Abstract Ambient seismic noise tomography is one of the most widely used methods in seismological studies today, especially after a comprehensive Earth noise model was published and noise analysis was performed on the IRIS Global Seismographic Network. Furthermore, the Power Spectral Density technique was introduced to identify background seismic noise in the United States. Many studies have been carried out using the ambient seismic noise tomography method which can be broadly grouped into several groups based on the objectives and research targets, such as to determine the structure of the e

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Pradhan, Anshuman, and Tapan Mukerji. "Consistency and prior falsification of training data in seismic deep learning: Application to offshore deltaic reservoir characterization." GEOPHYSICS 87, no. 3 (2022): N45—N61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2021-0568.1.

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Deep learning (DL) applications of seismic reservoir characterization often require the generation of synthetic data to augment available sparse labeled data. An approach for generating synthetic training data consists of specifying probability distributions modeling prior geologic uncertainty on reservoir properties and forward modeling the seismic data. A prior falsification approach is critical to establish the consistency of the synthetic training data distribution with real seismic data. With the help of a real case study of facies classification with convolutional neural networks (CNNs)

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Neff, Dennis B. "Incremental pay thickness modeling of hydrocarbon reservoirs." GEOPHYSICS 55, no. 5 (1990): 556–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442867.

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The one-dimensional convolution model or synthetic seismogram provides more information about the seismic waveform expression of hydrocarbon reservoirs when petrophysical data (porosity, shale volume, water saturation, etc.) are systematically integrated into the seismogram generation process. Use of this modeling technique, herein called Incremental Pay Thickness (IPT) modeling, has provided valuable insights concerning the seismic response of several offshore Gulf of Mexico amplitude anomalies. Through integration of the petrophysical data, comparisons between seismic waveform response and e

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Chen, Ganglin, Gianni Matteucci, Bill Fahmy, and Chris Finn. "Spectral-decomposition response to reservoir fluids from a deepwater West Africa reservoir." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 6 (2008): C23—C30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2978337.

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We study the spectral-decomposition response to reservoir fluids from a deepwater West Africa reservoir through a systematic modeling approach. Our workflow starts from selecting the seismic data (far-angle seismic images) that show more pronounced fluid effect based on amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) analysis. Synthetic seismic forward modeling performed at the control well established the quality of the seismic well tie. Reservoir wedge modeling, spectral decomposition of the field and synthetic seismic data, and theoretical analyses were conducted to understand the spectral-decomposition resp

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Gao, Hui, Xinming Wu, Jinyu Zhang, Xiaoming Sun, and Zhengfa Bi. "ClinoformNet-1.0: stratigraphic forward modeling and deep learning for seismic clinoform delineation." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 9 (2023): 2495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2495-2023.

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Abstract. Deep learning has been widely used for various kinds of data-mining tasks but not much for seismic stratigraphic interpretation due to the lack of labeled training datasets. We present a workflow to automatically generate numerous synthetic training datasets and take the seismic clinoform delineation as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of using the synthetic datasets for training. In this workflow, we first perform stochastic stratigraphic forward modeling to generate numerous stratigraphic models of clinoform layers and corresponding porosity properties by randomly but pr

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Anderson, Neil L., Dennis E. Hedke, and Ralph W. Knapp. "Forward Seismic Modeling--Applications and Utility." Bulletin (Kansas Geological Survey), no. 237 (April 16, 2024): 28–33. https://doi.org/10.17161/kgsbulletin.no.237.20418.

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Geological bodies such as reefs, horst blocks, channel sandstones, faults, salt diapirs, deltaic complexes, etc., typically generate recognizable seismic signatures (or distinguishing seismo-geological features). The seismic signature of a geological body (a reef, for example) is composed of any and all features on the seismic data that can be confidently attributed to the presence of the reef. Seismic signatures have two basic components: time-structure variations and character variations. The time-structure variation component is created by structural relief in the subsurface and velocity-ge

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Panea, Ionelia, Stefan Prisacari, Victor Mocanu, Mihnea Micu, and Marius Paraschivoiu. "The use of seismic modeling for the geologic interpretation of deep seismic reflection data with low signal-to-noise ratios." Interpretation 5, no. 1 (2017): T23—T31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0046.1.

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We have performed a deep seismic reflection study, DACIA-PLAN, based on the data recorded along a crooked line across the southeastern Romanian Carpathians. The signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of these data varies along the seismic profile, and its variation is considered to be an effect of the rough topography, complex subsurface geology, and varying surface conditions encountered during seismic data acquisition. The migrated time section that covers the mountainous area is clear, without visible reflections, making the geologic interpretation very difficult. We used a seismic modeling technique

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Payne, M. A. "Shear‐wave logging to enhance seismic modeling." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 12 (1991): 2129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443027.

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In an effort to understand better the amplitude variation with offset for reflections from an oil sand and the sensitivity of the AVO response to shear‐wave velocity variations, I studied synthetic and field gathers collected from an onshore field in the Gulf of Mexico basin. A wave‐equation‐based modeling program generated the synthetic seismic gathers using both measured and estimated shear‐wave velocities. The measured shear‐wave velocities came from a quadrupole sonic tool. The estimated shear‐wave velocities were obtained by applying published empirical and theoretical equations which rel

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Arntsen, Børge, Lars Wensaas, Helge Løseth, and Christian Hermanrud. "Seismic modeling of gas chimneys." GEOPHYSICS 72, no. 5 (2007): SM251—SM259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2749570.

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We propose a simple acoustic model explaining the main features of gas chimneys. The main elements of the model consist of gas diffusing from a connected fracture network and into the surrounding shale creating an inhomogeneous gas saturation. The gas saturation results in an inhomogeneous fluctuating compressional velocity field that distorts seismic waves. We model the fracture network by a random-walk process constrained by maximum fracture length and angle of the fracture with respect to the vertical. The gas saturation is computed from a simple analytical solution of the diffusion equatio

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Carcione, José M., Icilio R. Finetti, and Davide Gei. "Seismic modeling study of the Earth's deep crust." GEOPHYSICS 68, no. 2 (2003): 656–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1567235.

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We use seismic modeling methods to validate the interpretation of deep‐crust seismic exploration. An approximation of the stacked section is obtained with the nonreflecting wave equation and the exploding‐reflector approach. Using this technique and ray‐tracing algorithms, we obtain a geological model by comparing the synthetic section with the real stacked section. An isotropic constitutive equation is assumed in this phase. The exact synthetic stacked section is then obtained by applying the standard processing sequence to a set of synthetic common‐shot profiles computed with the variable‐de

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Cahoj, Marcus P., Sumit Verma, Bryce Hutchinson, and Kurt J. Marfurt. "Pitfalls in seismic processing: An application of seismic modeling to investigate acquisition footprint." Interpretation 4, no. 2 (2016): SG1—SG9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0164.1.

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The term acquisition footprint is commonly used to define patterns in seismic time and horizon slices that are closely correlated to the acquisition geometry. Seismic attributes often exacerbate footprint artifacts and may pose pitfalls to the less experienced interpreter. Although removal of the acquisition footprint is the focus of considerable research, the sources of such artifact acquisition footprint are less commonly discussed or illustrated. Based on real data examples, we have hypothesized possible causes of footprint occurrence and created them through synthetic prestack modeling. Th

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Alfarraj, Motaz, and Ghassan AlRegib. "Semisupervised sequence modeling for elastic impedance inversion." Interpretation 7, no. 3 (2019): SE237—SE249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0250.1.

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Recent applications of machine learning algorithms in the seismic domain have shown great potential in different areas such as seismic inversion and interpretation. However, such algorithms rarely enforce geophysical constraints — the lack of which might lead to undesirable results. To overcome this issue, we have developed a semisupervised sequence modeling framework based on recurrent neural networks for elastic impedance inversion from multiangle seismic data. Specifically, seismic traces and elastic impedance (EI) traces are modeled as a time series. Then, a neural-network-based inversion

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Dietrich, Michel, and Michel Bouchon. "Measurements of attenuation from vertical seismic profiles by iterative modeling." GEOPHYSICS 50, no. 6 (1985): 931–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1441972.

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We present a numerical simulation of vertical seismic profiles (VSP) using the discrete horizontal wavenumber representation of seismic wave fields. The theoretical seismograms are computed in the acoustic case for flat layered media, and they include the effects of absorption and velocity dispersion. A study using the synthetic seismograms was conducted to investigate the accuracy and resolution of attenuation measurements from VSP data. It is shown that in finely layered media estimates of the anelastic attenuation obtained by use of the reduced spectral ratio method are usually inaccurate w

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Galetti, Erica, David Halliday, and Andrew Curtis. "A simple and exact acoustic wavefield modeling code for data processing, imaging, and interferometry applications." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 6 (2013): F17—F27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0443.1.

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Improvements in industrial seismic, seismological, acoustic, or interferometric theory and applications often result in quite subtle changes in sound quality, seismic images, or information which are nevertheless crucial for improved interpretation or experience. When evaluating new theories and algorithms using synthetic data, an important aspect of related research is therefore that numerical errors due to wavefield modeling are reduced to a minimum. We present a new MATLAB code based on the Foldy method that models theoretically exact, direct, and scattered parts of a wavefield. Its main ad

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Yang, Jingkang, Jianhua Geng, and Luanxiao Zhao. "A frequency-decomposed nonstationary convolutional model for amplitude-versus-angle-and-frequency forward waveform modeling in attenuative media." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 6 (2020): T301—T314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0338.1.

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The conventional convolutional model (CCM) is widely applied to generate synthetic seismic data for numerous applications including amplitude variation with offset forward modeling, seismic well tie, and inversion. This approach assumes frequency-independent reflection coefficients and time-invariant seismic wavelets in laterally homogeneous elastic media. We have extended CCM to heterogeneous poroelastic media in which reflection coefficients are frequency dependent and the seismic wave is attenuated as it propagates. First, we decompose the seismic wavelet into monofrequency components throu

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Sarma, G. S., K. Mallick, and V. R. Gadhinglajkar. "Nonreflecting boundary condition in finite‐element formulation for an elastic wave equation." GEOPHYSICS 63, no. 3 (1998): 1006–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444378.

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Numerical modeling of seismic wavefields using finite‐difference or finite‐element methods requires truncation of the model to finite computational domains. It is well known that the edges of such truncated models give boundary reflections on the synthetic seismograms. An essential step to successful numerical modeling is to eliminate these reflections. We present a simple scheme that eliminates such boundary reflections when computing synthetics. We also demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of our method on a variety of geological models.

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Vizeu, Fernando, Joao Zambrini, Anne-Laure Tertois, Bruno de Albuquerque da Graça e Costa, André Queiroz Fernandes, and Anat Canning. "Synthetic seismic data generation for automated AI-based procedures with an example application to high-resolution interpretation." Leading Edge 41, no. 6 (2022): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle41060392.1.

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This paper discusses the generation of synthetic 3D seismic data for training neural networks to solve a variety of seismic processing, interpretation, and inversion tasks. Using synthetic data is a way to address the shortage of seismic data, which are required for solving problems with machine learning techniques. Synthetic data are built via a simulation process that is based on a mathematical representation of the physics of the problem. In other words, using synthetic data is an indirect way to teach neural networks about the physics of the problem. An important incentive for using synthe

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Verma, Sumit, Onur Mutlu, Thang Ha, William Bailey, and Kurt J. Marfurt. "Calibration of attribute anomalies through prestack seismic modeling." Interpretation 3, no. 4 (2015): SAC55—SAC70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0072.1.

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Seismic modeling is commonly used in determining subsurface illumination of alternative seismic survey designs, in the calibration of seismic processing and imaging algorithms, and in the design of effective processing workflows. Seismic modeling also forms the mathematical kernel of impedance inversion and is routinely used to predict the amplitude-variation-with-offset response as a function of rock and fluid properties. However, the use of seismic modeling in seismic attribute studies is less common. We have evaluated four case studies in which 2D synthetic common shot gathers were computed

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Gochioco, Lawrence M. "Modeling studies of interference reflections in thin‐layered media bounded by coal seams." GEOPHYSICS 57, no. 9 (1992): 1209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443336.

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High‐resolution seismic data collected over a major U.S. coal basin indicated potential complex problems associated with interference reflections. These problems differed from those normally encountered in the exploration of oil and gas because of differences in the geologic boundary conditions. Modeling studies were conducted to investigate the effects of overlapping primary reflections and the composite reflection that result from stacking individual wavelets. A modified empirical formula of Lindseth’s linear relationship between acoustic impedance and velocity is used to extrapolate velocit

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Lecomte, Isabelle, Paul Lubrano Lavadera, Ingrid Anell, Simon J. Buckley, Daniel W. Schmid, and Michael Heeremans. "Ray-based seismic modeling of geologic models: Understanding and analyzing seismic images efficiently." Interpretation 3, no. 4 (2015): SAC71—SAC89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0061.1.

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Often, interpreters only have access to seismic sections and, at times, well data, when making an interpretation of structures and depositional features in the subsurface. The validity of the final interpretation is based on how well the seismic data are able to reproduce the actual geology, and seismic modeling can help constrain that. Ideally, modeling should create complete seismograms, which is often best achieved by finite-difference modeling with postprocessing to produce synthetic seismic sections for comparison purposes. Such extensive modeling is, however, not routinely affordable. A

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Udin, Yana, and Wiwit Suryanto. "Identification of Seismic Response to Aquifer System with A Synthetic Modelling Approach." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1071, no. 1 (2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1071/1/012019.

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Abstract The microseismic method is relatively new in groundwater exploration, especially in Indonesia. This study will examine the response of microseismic to groundwater aquifer systems. This study aims to analyze the response of seismic waves and to interpret the seismic wave response characteristics to the aquifer system model. The modeling of the aquifer system was carried out using seismic stratigraphy data. This data was used as input data to model the exposed HVSR curve using the Microtrem program in MATLAB. The study of physical parameters and supporting parameters of the aquifer laye

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Shen, Yi, Jack Dvorkin, and Yunyue Li. "Improving seismic QP estimation using rock-physics constraints." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 3 (2018): MR187—MR198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0665.1.

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Our goal is to accurately estimate attenuation from seismic data using model regularization in the seismic inversion workflow. One way to achieve this goal is by finding an analytical relation linking [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. We derive an approximate closed-form solution relating [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] using rock-physics modeling. This relation is tested on well data from a clean clastic gas reservoir, of which the [Formula: see text] values are computed from the log data. Next, we create a 2D synthetic gas-reservoir section populated with [Formula: see t

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Lanteaume, Cyprien, François Fournier, Matthieu Pellerin, and Jean Borgomano. "Testing geologic assumptions and scenarios in carbonate exploration: Insights from integrated stratigraphic, diagenetic, and seismic forward modeling." Leading Edge 37, no. 9 (2018): 672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle37090672.1.

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Carbonates are considered complex, heterogeneous at all scales, and unfortunately often poorly seismically imaged. We propose a methodology based on forward-modeling approaches to test the validity of common exploration assumptions (e.g., chronostratigraphic value of seismic reflectors) and of geologic interpretations (e.g., stratigraphic correlations and depositional and diagenetic architecture) that are determined from a limited amount of data. The proposed workflow includes four main steps: (1) identification and quantification of the primary controls on carbonate deposition and the predict

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Maresh, Jennifer, Robert S. White, Richard W. Hobbs, and John R. Smallwood. "Seismic attenuation of Atlantic margin basalts: Observations and modeling." GEOPHYSICS 71, no. 6 (2006): B211—B221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2335875.

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Paleogene basalts are present over much of the northeastern Atlantic European margin. In regions containing significant thicknesses of layered basalt flows, conducting seismic imaging within and beneath the volcanic section has proven difficult, largely because the basalts severely attenuate and scatter seismic energy. We use data from a vertical seismic profile (VSP) from well 164/07-1 that penetrated [Formula: see text] of basalt in the northern Rockall Trough west of Britain to measure the seismic attenuation caused by the in-situ basalts. The effective quality factor [Formula: see text] of

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Poormirzaee, Rashed, Babak Sohrabian, and Pejman Tahmasebi. "Seismic refraction data analysis using machine learning and numerical modeling for characterization of dam construction sites." GEOPHYSICS 87, no. 2 (2021): U21—U28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0935.1.

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Seismic refraction is a cost-effective tool to reveal subsurface compressional wave (P-wave) velocity. Inversion of traveltimes for estimating a realistic velocity model is a significant step in the processing of seismic refraction data. The results of the seismic data inversion are stochastic; thus, using prior information or complementary geophysical data can have a significant role in estimating the structural properties based on the observed data. Nevertheless, sufficient prior information or auxiliary data are not available in many geophysical sites. In such situations, developing advance

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Chen, Bo, and Xiaofeng Jia. "Staining algorithm for seismic modeling and migration." GEOPHYSICS 79, no. 4 (2014): S121—S129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0262.1.

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In seismic migration, some structures such as those in subsalt shadow zones are not imaged well. The signal in these areas may be even weaker than the artifacts elsewhere. We evaluated a method to significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) in poorly illuminated areas of the model. We constructed a “phantom” wavefield: an extension of the wavefield to the complex domain. The imaginary wavefield was synchronized with the real wavefield, but it contained only the events relevant to a target region of the model, which was specified using a staining algorithm. The real wavefield interact

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Khalid, Perveiz, Irfan Raza, Muhammad Irfan Ehsan, Shahzada Khuram, and Shahbaz Muhammad. "Seismic Characterization to Identify Geological Structures and Petroleum Play in Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 13, no. 4 (2023): 29–34. https://doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol13.iss4.2022.757.

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The Cretaceous shale intervals of Talhar and Sembar Formations – distributed in the Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan – are organic-rich shales that can act as shale gas plays. Two-dimensional seismic using synthetic modeling has been carried out in Khewari oil field to identify petroleum plays. This work was completed with the help of eight seismic processed and migrated lines. Based on structural interpretation different geological structures were marked. The seismic character, continuity, and coherency in seismic reflection patterns indicate that the area is under an extensional regime with nor

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Khalid, Perveiz, Irfan Raza, Shahzada Khurram, Muhammad Irfan Ehsan, and Shahbaz Muhammad. "Seismic Characterization to Identify Geological Structures and Petroleum Play in Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 13, no. 4 (2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.v13i4.50.

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The Cretaceous shale intervals of Talhar and Sembar Formations – distributed in the Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan – are organic-rich shales that can act as shale gas plays. Two-dimensional seismic using synthetic modeling has been carried out in Khewari oil field to identify petroleum plays. This work was completed with the help of eight seismic processed and migrated lines. Based on structural interpretation different geological structures were marked. The seismic character, continuity, and coherency in seismic reflection patterns indicate that the area is under an extensional regime with nor

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Wang, Fred P., Jiachun Dai, and Charles Kerans. "Modeling dolomitized carbonate‐ramp reservoirs: A case study of the Seminole San Andres unit—Part II, Seismic modeling, reservoir geostatistics, and reservoir simulation." GEOPHYSICS 63, no. 6 (1998): 1876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444480.

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In part I of this paper, we discussed the rock‐fabric/petrophysical classes for dolomitized carbonate‐ramp rocks, the effects of rock fabric and pore type on petrophysical properties, petrophysical models for analyzing wireline logs, the critical scales for defining geologic framework, and 3-D geologic modeling. Part II focuses on geophysical and engineering characterizations, including seismic modeling, reservoir geostatistics, stochastic modeling, and reservoir simulation. Synthetic seismograms of 30 to 200 Hz were generated to study the level of seismic resolution required to capture the hi

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Shebalin, P. N., S. B. Baranov, I. A. Vorobieva, et al. "On modeling seismicity in seismic hazard assessment problems." Doklady Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Nauki o Zemle 515, no. 1 (2024): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2686739724030121.

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Seismicity modeling is an important part of creating General Seismic Zoning maps within the framework of a probabilistic approach. We consider the main disadvantages of individual elements of the recent seismicity models. A variant of the methodology is proposed, which, due to the improvements of those elements, should provide more accurate estimates of the future seismicity. For the first time, a stochastic seismicity model has been proposed in the form of a synthetic earthquake catalog, generated for an arbitrary conditional period and reproducing the properties of the catalog of actual eart

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Asikin, Ariesty R. K., Awali Priyono, Tutuka Ariadji, et al. "Forward Modeling Time-Lapse Seismic based on Reservoir Simulation Result on The CCS Project at Gundih Field, Indonesia." Modern Applied Science 12, no. 1 (2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n1p75.

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This paper contains reservoir simulation study of carbon storage at Gundih field in Central Java Island, Indonesia. Two different cases of injection simulation were performed and analyzed in this paper. The cases represent the conditions when the smallest and largest volumes of CO2areinjected into the subsurface to see the changes of reservoir that happen after the injection processes. The simulation result shows that when a larger amount of CO2 is injected into the targeted reservoir, it will migrate to the peak of anticline structure located in the southeast of CO2 injection well. The displa

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Apoloner, M. T., and G. Bokelmann. "Modeling and detection of regional depth phases at the GERES array." Advances in Geosciences 41 (August 31, 2015): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-41-5-2015.

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Abstract. The Vienna Basin in Eastern Austria is a region of low to moderate seismicity, and hence the seismological network coverage is relatively sparse. Nevertheless, the area is one of the most densely populated and most developed areas in Austria, so accurate earthquake location, including depth estimation and relation to faults is not only important for understanding tectonic processes, but also for estimating seismic hazard. Particularly depth estimation needs a dense seismic network around the anticipated epicenter. If the station coverage is not sufficient, the depth can only be estim

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Grana, Dario, and Ernesto Della Rossa. "Probabilistic petrophysical-properties estimation integrating statistical rock physics with seismic inversion." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 3 (2010): O21—O37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3386676.

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A joint estimation of petrophysical properties is proposed that combines statistical rock physics and Bayesian seismic inversion. Because elastic attributes are correlated with petrophysical variables (effective porosity, clay content, and water saturation) and this physical link is associated with uncertainties, the petrophysical-properties estimation from seismic data can be seen as a Bayesian inversion problem. The purpose of this work was to develop a strategy for estimating the probability distributions of petrophysical parameters and litho-fluid classes from seismics. Estimation of reser

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Liang, Guanghe, Xinping Cai, and Qianyu Li. "Using high‐order cumulants to extrapolate spatially variant seismic wavelets." GEOPHYSICS 67, no. 6 (2002): 1869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1527086.

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Extraction of seismic wavelets is important for impedance inversion and forward modeling. We propose a method for estimating spatial variant seismic wavelets. The method uses third‐ and fourth‐order cumulants of seismic data. It combines third‐ and fourth‐order moments of seismic wavelets with those obtained by a deterministic method at well locations. We design a multidimensional filter at a well by matching the high‐order cumulants of seismic data to the high‐order moments of seismic wavelets. Applying the filter to the high‐order culumants of other seismic traces away from the well yields t

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MALYTSKYY, Dmytro, Oleksandra ASTASHKINA, Ruslan PAK, Andriy GNYP, and Markiyan DOBUSHOVSKYY. "DETERMINATION OF EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PARAMETERS BASED ON DATA FROM A LIMITED NUMBER OF SEISMIC STATIONS." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 2 (109) (2025): 59–63. https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.109.08.

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Background. This paper presents a method for determining the seismic moment tensor using only direct P- and S-waves, which are less sensitive to modeling effects of wave propagation than reflected and refracted waves, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the method. The earthquake source is considered as a point source with a known location and origin time. Methods. Wave propagation in a medium modeled as a set of horizontally homogeneous elastic layers is calculated using the matrix method, which allows isolating only direct waves. Based on the forward problem and the solut

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Dietrich, Michel. "Modeling of marine seismic profiles in the t-x and τ-p domains". GEOPHYSICS 53, № 4 (1988): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442477.

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In many cases, comparison of real data with synthetic seismograms provides additional constraints on the velocity‐depth profiles obtained with simple inversion techniques. Obtaining a satisfactory match between the real and computed data usually requires several trials with different models but can be performed rapidly if the theoretical seismograms are themselves easily interpretable, i.e., if the major contributions which make up the synthetic traces can be identified and separated. In horizontally stratified media, modeling is further simplified and is faster if the simulation techniques ar

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Fliedner, Moritz M., and Robert S. White. "Seismic structure of basalt flows from surface seismic data, borehole measurements, and synthetic seismogram modeling." GEOPHYSICS 66, no. 6 (2001): 1925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1486760.

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We use the wide‐angle wavefield to constrain estimates of the seismic velocity and thickness of basalt flows overlying sediments. Wide angle means the seismic wavefield recorded at offsets beyond the emergence of the direct wave. This wide‐angle wavefield contains arrivals that are returned from within and below the basalt flows, including the diving wave through the basalts as the first arrival and P‐wave reflections from the base of the basalts and from subbasalt structures. The velocity structure of basalt flows can be determined to first order from traveltime information by ray tracing the

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Ermert, Laura, Jonas Igel, Korbinian Sager, Eléonore Stutzmann, Tarje Nissen-Meyer, and Andreas Fichtner. "Introducing noisi: a Python tool for ambient noise cross-correlation modeling and noise source inversion." Solid Earth 11, no. 4 (2020): 1597–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1597-2020.

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Abstract. We introduce the open-source tool noisi for the forward and inverse modeling of ambient seismic cross-correlations with spatially varying source spectra. It utilizes pre-computed databases of Green's functions to represent seismic wave propagation between ambient seismic sources and seismic receivers, which can be obtained from existing repositories or imported from the output of wave propagation solvers. The tool was built with the aim of studying ambient seismic sources while accounting for realistic wave propagation effects. Furthermore, it may be used to guide the interpretation

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Dmitry Alexandrovich Alekseev, Alexey Alekseevich Goncharov, Sergey Andreevich Tikhotsky, Sergey Vladimirovich Fomichev, Sergey Vladimirovich Golovin, and Andrey Yurievich Razin. "Improving the efficiency of seismic exploration systems based on the use of pseudo-random sweeps: Mathematical modeling." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 13, no. 2 (2024): 2206–14. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.13.2.2345.

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The study explores the potential to improve seismic imaging resolution using broadband pseudorandom sweep signals and outlines the corresponding requirements for seismic acquisition systems. We analyze the quality of the resulting seismic images of a 2D inhomogeneous velocity structure using a synthetic vibroseismic dataset modeled for a series of sweep signals constructed based on pseudorandom code sequences (PRCS) of mechanical load pulses. The study demonstrates that the detailed seismic images showing main reflecting boundaries can be recovered by means of correlation processing of the vib

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Pilikos, Georgios, and A. C. Faul. "Bayesian modeling for uncertainty quantification in seismic compressive sensing." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 2 (2019): P15—P25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0145.1.

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Compressive sensing is used to improve the efficiency of seismic data acquisition and survey design. Nevertheless, most methods are ad hoc, and their only aim is to fill in the gaps in the data. Algorithms might be able to predict missing receivers’ values, however, it is also desirable to be able to associate each prediction with a degree of uncertainty. We used beta process factor analysis (BPFA) and its variance. With this, we achieved high correlation between uncertainty and respective reconstruction error. Comparisons with other algorithms in the literature and results on synthetic and fi

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Majdi, Amir Mustaqim, Seyed Yaser Moussavi Alashloo, Nik Nur Anis Amalina Nik Mohd Hassan, Abdul Rahim Md Arshad, and Abdul Halim Abdul Latiff. "Application Of Finite Difference Eikonal Solver For Traveltime Computation In Forward Modeling And Migration." Bulletin Of The Geological Society Of Malaysia 72 (November 15, 2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm72202109.

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Traveltime is one of the propagating wave’s components. As the wave propagates further, the traveltime increases. It can be computed by solving wave equation of the ray path or the eikonal wave equation. Accurate method of computing traveltimes will give a significant impact on enhancing the output of seismic forward modeling and migration. In seismic forward modeling, computation of the wave’s traveltime locally by ray tracing method leads to low resolution of the resulting seismic image, especially when the subsurface is having a complex geology. However, computing the wave’s traveltime with

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Van De Coevering, Norbert, Klaas Koster, and Rob Holt. "A skeptic's view of VVAz and AVAz." Leading Edge 39, no. 2 (2020): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39020128.1.

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We have applied a modern amplitude- and azimuth-preserving seismic data processing workflow to the SEG Advanced Modeling Program (SEAM) Phase II Barrett classic data set — an orthorhombic synthetic seismic model that has extremely dense sampling of all azimuths and offsets. We analyze the resulting prestack depth-migrated offset vector tiles with a variety of methods and software. Note that we only analyze the P-P wave mode, which is the focus of our study. We demonstrate that observed azimuthal changes cannot be correlated with the model's reservoir properties. We have made the migrated data

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Neff, Dennis B. "Estimated pay mapping using three‐dimensional seismic data and incremental pay thickness modeling." GEOPHYSICS 55, no. 5 (1990): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442868.

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Better estimates of hydrocarbon pay thickness and reservoir distribution are achieved if forward modeling is combined with crossplot cluster analysis before the seismic amplitude and isochron data are converted into estimates of pay thickness. To facilitate this process, an enhanced convolutional modeling technique that incorporates petrophysical data and equations into the synthetic seismogram generation process was developed. These incremental pay thickness (IPT) forward models provide the pertinent seismic and petrophysical values required for crossplot analysis. The crossplot analyses then

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Koulakov, Ivan, Tatiana Stupina, and Heidrun Kopp. "Creating realistic models based on combined forward modeling and tomographic inversion of seismic profiling data." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 3 (2010): B115—B136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3427637.

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Amplitudes and shapes of seismic patterns derived from tomographic images often are strongly biased with respect to real structures in the earth. In particular, tomography usually provides continuous velocity distributions, whereas major velocity changes in the earth often occur on first-order interfaces. We propose an approach that constructs a realistic structure of the earth that combines forward modeling and tomographic inversion (FM&TI). Using available a priori information, we first construct a synthetic model with realistic patterns. Then we compute synthetic times and invert them u

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Buddo, Igor, Natalya Misyurkeeva, Ivan Shelokhov, Evgeny Chuvilin, Alexey Chernikh, and Alexander Smirnov. "Imaging Arctic Permafrost: Modeling for Choice of Geophysical Methods." Geosciences 12, no. 10 (2022): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12100389.

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Knowledge of permafrost structure, with accumulations of free natural gas and gas hydrates, is indispensable for coping with spontaneous gas emission and other problems related to exploration and production drilling in Arctic petroleum provinces. The existing geophysical methods have different potentialities for imaging the permafrost base and geometry, vertical fluid conduits (permeable zones), taliks, gas pockets, and gas hydrate accumulations in the continental Arctic areas. The synthesis of data on cryological and geological conditions was the basis for a geophysical–geological model of no

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Moghaddam, Peyman Poor, Audun Libak, Henk Keers, and Rolf Mjelde. "Efficient and accurate modeling of ocean bottom seismometer data using reciprocity." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 6 (2012): T211—T220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0498.1.

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Seismic experiments in which the number of sources is considerably larger than the number of receivers occur regularly. An important example is the collection of crustal scale seismic data using ocean bottom seismometers and marine sources. We describe a method to accurately and efficiently compute synthetic seismograms for such experiments by using finite differences and reciprocity. We show numerically how to decompose an explosive source into its equivalent body force components using the staggered-grid finite-difference technique with a fourth-order approximation for the spatial derivative

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Zeng, Hongliu, Yawen He, Charles Kerans, and Xavier Janson. "Seismic chronostratigraphy at reservoir scale: Lessons from a realistic seismic modeling of mixed clastic-carbonate strata in the Permian Basin, West Texas and New Mexico, USA." Interpretation 8, no. 1 (2020): T13—T25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2019-0053.1.

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We tested the validity of tracking seismic events as representations of chronostratigraphic surfaces at the subseismic, high-frequency-cycle level. A high-resolution geocellular model was generated from approximately 400 m of mixed clastic-carbonate sequences in the San Andres and Grayburg Formations in the Permian Basin, with 0.3–0.6 m layering and minimal upscaling. Realistic stratigraphic framework, facies, and velocity volumes were created by geostatistically mapping data from outcrop and subsurface sources while honoring state-of-the-art principles of stratigraphic and sedimentary analyse

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Kim, Sooyoon, Soon Jee Seol, Joongmoo Byun, and Seokmin Oh. "Extraction of diffractions from seismic data using convolutional U-net and transfer learning." GEOPHYSICS 87, no. 2 (2022): V117—V129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0847.1.

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Diffraction images can be used for modeling reservoir heterogeneities at or below the seismic wavelength scale. However, the extraction of diffractions is challenging because their amplitude is weaker than that of overlapping reflections. Recently, deep-learning (DL) approaches have been used as a powerful tool for diffraction extraction. Most DL approaches use a classification algorithm that classifies pixels in the seismic data as diffraction, reflection, noise, or diffraction with reflection and takes whole values for the classified diffraction pixels. Thus, these DL methods cannot extract

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